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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Spike protein

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Academic literature on the topic 'Spike protein'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Spike protein"

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Bosch, Berend Jan, Willem Bartelink, and Peter J. M. Rottier. "Cathepsin L Functionally Cleaves the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Class I Fusion Protein Upstream of Rather than Adjacent to the Fusion Peptide." Journal of Virology 82, no. 17 (2008): 8887–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00415-08.

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ABSTRACT Unlike other class I viral fusion proteins, spike proteins on severe acute respiratory sydrome coronavirus virions are uncleaved. As we and others have demonstrated, infection by this virus depends on cathepsin proteases present in endosomal compartments of the target cell, suggesting that the spike protein acquires its fusion competence by cleavage during cell entry rather than during virion biogenesis. Here we demonstrate that cathepsin L indeed activates the membrane fusion function of the spike protein. Moreover, cleavage was mapped to the same region where, in coronaviruses carry

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Pino, Paco, Joeri Kint, Divor Kiseljak, et al. "Trimeric SARS-CoV-2 Spike Proteins Produced from CHO Cells in Bioreactors Are High-Quality Antigens." Processes 8, no. 12 (2020): 1539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8121539.

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The spike protein of the pandemic human corona virus is essential for its entry into human cells. In fact, most neutralizing antibodies against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are directed against the Virus-surface exposed spike protein, making it the antigen of choice for use in vaccines and diagnostic tests. In the current pandemic context, global demand for spike proteins has rapidly increased and could exceed hundreds of grams to kilograms annually. Coronavirus spikes are large heavily glycosylated homo-trimeric complexes, with inherent instability. The poor m

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Liu, Rong, Janhavi P. Natekar, Ki-Hye Kim, et al. "Multivalent and Sequential Heterologous Spike Protein Vaccinations Effectively Induce Protective Humoral Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Variants." Vaccines 12, no. 4 (2024): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12040362.

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The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants continues to cause challenging problems for the effective control of COVID-19. In this study, we tested the hypothesis of whether a strategy of multivalent and sequential heterologous spike protein vaccinations would induce a broader range and higher levels of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants and more effective protection than homologous spike protein vaccination in a mouse model. We determined spike-specific IgG, receptor-binding inhibition titers, and protective efficacy in the groups of mice that were vaccinated with multivalent re

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Bejoy, Jennyfer, Tinatin I. Brelidze, and Yuichiro J. Suzuki. "Roles of glycosylation and redox states on SARS-CoV-2 spike protein actions." Journal of Immunology 210, no. 1_Supplement (2023): 235.17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.210.supp.235.17.

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Abstract The pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The viral fusion protein, spike protein, binds to its receptor Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) to enter host cells. Further, the S1 subunit of the spike protein may be cleaved off the virus and affect various organs. In addition to tightly binding to ACE2, S1 spike protein also enhances the peptidase activity of ACE2 and activate cell signaling. The present study compared effects of recombinant S1 spike proteins expressed in HEK cells and in E. coli. Th

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Lee, Myeongsang, Marian Major, and Huixiao Hong. "Distinct Conformations of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Spike Protein and Its Interaction with ACE2 and Antibody." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 4 (2023): 3774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043774.

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Since November 2021, Omicron has been the dominant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant that causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and has continuously impacted human health. Omicron sublineages are still increasing and cause increased transmission and infection rates. The additional 15 mutations on the receptor binding domain (RBD) of Omicron spike proteins change the protein conformation, enabling the Omicron variant to evade neutralizing antibodies. For this reason, many efforts have been made to design new antigenic variants to induce effective anti

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Walter, Monika, Christian Fiedler, Renate Grassl, et al. "Structure of the Receptor-Binding Protein of Bacteriophage Det7: a Podoviral Tail Spike in a Myovirus." Journal of Virology 82, no. 5 (2007): 2265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01641-07.

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ABSTRACT A new Salmonella enterica phage, Det7, was isolated from sewage and shown by electron microscopy to belong to the Myoviridae morphogroup of bacteriophages. Det7 contains a 75-kDa protein with 50% overall sequence identity to the tail spike endorhamnosidase of podovirus P22. Adsorption of myoviruses to their bacterial hosts is normally mediated by long and short tail fibers attached to a contractile tail, whereas podoviruses do not contain fibers but attach to host cells through stubby tail spikes attached to a very short, noncontractile tail. The amino-terminal 150 residues of the Det

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Simsar, Merve, Erkan Rayaman, Elif Çağlayan, and Kadir Turan. "Production and intracellular trafficking of SARS CoV-2 spike protein in insect cells infected with recombinant baculovirus." Journal of Research in Pharmacy 29, no. 1 (2025): 65–74. https://doi.org/10.12991/jrespharm.1626413.

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SARS CoV-2 belongs to the Coronaviridae family and is an enveloped virus with a positive polarity single stranded RNA genome. The virus's spike protein, embedded in the viral membrane, is the most important antigenic protein involved in binding the virus to the host cell receptor. This protein is the basic component of vaccines developed against the virus due to its antigenic character. Therefore, it is crucial to produce this protein heterologously. This study evaluated the potential of ExpiSf9 and Hi5 insect cells infected with recombinant baculoviruses carrying the spike gene to synthesize

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Shneider, Mikhail, Sergey Buth, Brian Ho, Marek Basler, John Mekalanos, and Petr Leiman. "Central spike proteins of contractile ejection systems." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (2014): C579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314094200.

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Contractile tails of bacteriophages and related systems - R-type pyocins, the Serratia entomophila antifeeding prophage, the Photorhabdus Virulence Cassette, and the Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) - contain a special spike-shaped protein complex, which is involved in breaching the target cell envelope during infection. We have identified the genes and determined crystal structures for several spike proteins from phages, pyocins, and T6SS, and established a paradigm for their organization and function. The architecture of spike proteins is remarkably well conserved at the level of tertiary str

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Yamamoto, Yuichiro, Tetsuya Inoue, Miyu Inoue, et al. "SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Mutation at Cysteine-488 Impairs Its Golgi Localization and Intracellular S1/S2 Processing." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 24 (2022): 15834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415834.

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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein binds to the cellular receptor—angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) as the first step in viral cell entry. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein expression in the ACE2-expressing cell surface induces cell–cell membrane fusion, thus forming syncytia. To exert its fusogenic activity, the spike protein is typically processed at a specific site (the S1/S2 site) by cellular proteases such as furin. The C488 residue, located at the spike–ACE2 interacting surface, is critical for the fusogenic and infectious roles of the SARS-CoV-2 s

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Azmi, Syifa Zahara Kultsum, Sunarno Sunarno, Sinta Aulia Rahmah, Melisa Andriani, Azlya Reza Lailul Farobi, and Luke Nur Ahlina. "Utilization of Quercetin Flavonoid Compounds in Red Onion (Allium cepa L.) as Inhibitor of Spike Sars-CoV-2 Protein against ACE2 Receptors." Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education 13, no. 3 (2021): 356–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v13i3.32027.

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The world is facing the challenge of the COVID-19 disease, which is now stated as a pandemic. Inside the host cell, spike envelope protein (spike) of SARS-CoV-2 interact with the Angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. It can be inhibited by bioactive compounds such as flavonoids which have anti-viral and broad pharmacological effect. This study aimed to determine the spike protein inhibitory activity by quercetin against the ACE2 receptor using the molecular docking method. This study focused on the inhibitory of the penetration activity of s proteins in ACE2 by utilizing natural mat

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spike protein"

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Mund, Thomas. "Biochemische und molekularbiologische Charakterisierung von Spike, einem neuen BH3-Domänen Protein." Diss., lmu, 2003. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-14456.

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Chan, Che-man, and 陳志敏. "Functional study of spike protein of a novel human coronavirus HKU1." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41896932.

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Chan, Che-man. "Functional study of spike protein of a novel human coronavirus HKU1." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41896932.

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Du, Lanying. "Functional study of the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38602362.

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Andersson, Allan. "Nitrogen redistribution in spring wheat : root contribution, spike translocations and protein quality /." Alnarp : Dept. of Crop Science, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/200510.pdf.

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Du, Lanying, and 杜蘭英. "Functional study of the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38602362.

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Hesse, Martina [Verfasser]. "Characterization of the binding properties of the Avian Coronavirus spike protein / Martina Hesse." Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1073850358/34.

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Yeung, Yin-shan. "Molecular characterization of apoptosis induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38302366.

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Yeung, Yin-shan, and 楊燕珊. "Molecular characterization of apoptosis induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38302366.

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Lam, Pui-yi, and 林佩儀. "Characterization of neutralizing and receptor binding activities in human coronavirus NL63 spike protein." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41896865.

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Books on the topic "Spike protein"

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Focosi, Daniele. SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Convergent Evolution. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87324-0.

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Bos, Evelyne Catharina Wilhelmina. Coronavirus spike protein: Role in entry and cell-to-cell fusion. University of Leiden, 1998.

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Zaroulis, N. L. Who spoke up?: American protest against the war in Vietnam, 1963-1975. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1985.

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Zaroulis, Nancy. Who spoke up?: American protest against the war in Vietnam, 1963-1975. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1985.

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Takao, Kumazawa, Kruger Lawrence, and Mizumura Kazue, eds. The polymodal receptor: A gateway to pathological pain. Elsevier, 1996.

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Zingle, C. J. Vaccine Detoxification Protocol and Protecting Against Spike Protein Shedding. Independently Published, 2022.

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Focosi, Daniele. SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Convergent Evolution: Impact of Virus Variants on Efficacy of COVID-19 Therapeutics and Vaccines. Springer International Publishing AG, 2021.

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Meigh, Abigail E., Ingrid A. Fitz-James Antoine, and Veronica Carullo. Pediatric Spine Surgery. Edited by David E. Traul and Irene P. Osborn. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190850036.003.0016.

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In children, the most common indication for spinal fusion is significant scoliotic curvature, either idiopathic or as a result of neuromuscular disease. Spinal fusion is high-risk surgery, which can be further complicated by comorbid disease. It carries substantial risk for significant fluid shifts, high intraoperative blood loss, physiologic strain secondary to duration and positioning, severe postoperative pain, and potential spinal cord injury. To mitigate risk and optimize outcomes, these patients should be carefully evaluated by the anesthetic team preoperatively and a comprehensive perio

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Brallier, Jess W., and Jonathan S. Gal. Neuroprotection for Spine Surgery. Edited by David L. Reich, Stephan Mayer, and Suzan Uysal. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190280253.003.0020.

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Perioperative neurologic injury related to spine surgery, albeit rare, can result in devastating functional loss. As the number of spine operations has increased, so has the need for strategies designed to avoid and protect against such injury. This chapter reviews the common etiologies of neurologic deficits secondary to spine surgery and the factors that place patients at increased risk for developing these complications. The use of intraoperative neuromonitoring, including somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs), electromyography (EMG), and transcranial motor evoked potentials (TcMEPs), to

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Zumstein, Josh M. Secrets to Preventing Back and Neck Pain: 60 Ways to Protect Your Spine. The Back Safety and Wellness Consultants, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Spike protein"

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Vennema, H., P. J. M. Rottier, L. Heijnen, G. J. Godeke, M. C. Horzinek, and W. J. M. Spaan. "Biosynthesis and Function of the Coronavirus Spike Protein." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5823-7_3.

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Focosi, Daniele. "Spike Protein Mutations Detected in Currently Circulating Strains." In SpringerBriefs in Microbiology. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87324-0_5.

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Bos, E. C. W., L. Heijnen, and W. J. M. Spaan. "Site Directed Mutagenesis of the Murine Coronavirus Spike Protein." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1899-0_45.

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Kangueane, Pandjassarame. "HIV-1 GP160 (GP120/GP40) Trimer ENV Spike Protein." In Bioinformation Discovery. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95327-4_9.

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Laude, H., M. Godet, S. Bernard, J. Gelfi, M. Duarte, and B. Delmas. "Functional Domains in the Spike Protein of Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1899-0_48.

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Tomley, Fiona, Matthew Binns, Mike Boursnell, and Adrian Mockett. "Expression of IBV Spike Protein by a Vaccinia Virus Recombinant." In Coronaviruses. Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1280-2_17.

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Taguchi, Fumihiro, Toshio Ikeda, Keiichi Saeki, Hideyuki Kubo, and Tateki Kikuchi. "Fusogenic Properties of Uncleaved Spike Protein of Murine Coronavirus JHMV." In Coronaviruses. Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2996-5_27.

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Focosi, Daniele. "Why the Spike Protein is Relevant for COVID-19 Therapeutics." In SpringerBriefs in Microbiology. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87324-0_1.

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Opstelten, Dirk-Jan E., Martin J. B. Raamsman, Karin Wolfs, Marian C. Horzinek, and Peter J. M. Rottier. "Coexpression and Association of the Spike Protein and the Membrane Protein of Mouse Hepatitis Virus." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1899-0_47.

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Opstelten, D. J. E., P. Groote, M. C. Horzinek, and P. J. M. Rottier. "Folding of the mouse hepatitis virus spike protein and its association with the membrane protein." In Positive-Strand RNA Viruses. Springer Vienna, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9326-6_32.

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Conference papers on the topic "Spike protein"

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Yuan, Shuai, Zebin Wang, and Yongliang Yang. "Poisson Statistical Method to Quantify the Specific Binding Force Between S Spike Protein and ACE2." In 2024 IEEE 14th International Conference on CYBER Technology in Automation, Control, and Intelligent Systems (CYBER). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cyber63482.2024.10749583.

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Sinibaldi, Alberto, Daniele Chiappetta, Agostino Occhicone, et al. "Investigating angiotensin converting enzyme-2 and SARS CoV-2 spike protein interactions using a combined label-free and fluorescence detection approach." In Frontiers in Biological Detection: From Nanosensors to Systems XVII, edited by Benjamin L. Miller, Sharon M. Weiss, and Amos Danielli. SPIE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3058700.

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de Almeida Vasquez, Felipe James, Arthur Scorsolini Fares, and Silvana Giuliatti. "Machine Learning-Enhanced Molecular Dynamics Analysis of Residue Variant Effects on Human ACE2 and Furin Protein Interactions with SARS-CoV-2 Spike." In 2024 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (CIBCB). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cibcb58642.2024.10702125.

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Wu, Guang, and Shaomin Yan. "N-terminal Domain (NTD) of Spike Protein from SARS-CoV-2 May Cause COVID-19 Multiple Tropisms and Serve as a Potential Drug Target." In 2024 24th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icton62926.2024.10648119.

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Hwa, Kuo-Yuan, Wan Man Lin, Yung-I. Hou, and Trai-Ming Yeh. "Molecular Mimicry between SARS Coronavirus Spike Protein and Human Protein." In 2007 Frontiers in the Convergence of Bioscience and Information Technologies (FBIT '07). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fbit.2007.108.

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Llanes, Paul Vincent, Geoffrey Solano, and Marc Jermaine Pontiveros. "Learning the Protein Language Model of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Proteins." In 2023 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Information and Communication (ICAIIC). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaiic57133.2023.10067040.

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Novikova, L. I., S. S. Bochkareva, A. V. Aleshkin, et al. "DYNAMICS OF ANTIBODIES TO VARIOUS ANTIGENS OF THE SARS-COV-2 CORONAVIRUS IN PATIENTS WITH CONFIRMED COVID-19 INFECTION." In Molecular Diagnostics and Biosafety. Federal Budget Institute of Science 'Central Research Institute for Epidemiology', 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/978-5-9900432-9-9-159.

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Presence of IgG and IgM antibodies in venous blood of 76 patients with confirmed presence of SARS-CoV-2 was determined. The study was carried out by ELISA using Russian test systems. Revealed different levels of IgM antibodies to N-protein and RBD (receptor binding domain of the Spike protein). The level of IgM to RBD did not reach high values, while the level of IgM to N-protein sharply increased in a short period of time to high values by the 3rd week of the disease and decreased only by the 8th week. The dynamics of IgG antibodies to the whole virion antigen and the recombinant spikes was s

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Petrova, Dobrinka. "Applying protein structure comparison methods for studying SARS-CoV-2 spike protein." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY 2022 (MATHTECH 2022): Navigating the Everchanging Norm with Mathematics and Technology. AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0184812.

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Neblea, Iulia Elena, Anamaria Zaharia, Tanța-Verona Iordache, et al. "Molecularly Imprinted Nanogels for Spike S1 Protein Recognition." In NeXT-Chem 2023. MDPI, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023090010.

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Moreira, Eduardo U. M., Leandro Morais, Sheila C. Araujo, et al. "Predicting Mutation-Driven Changes in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Using Structural Signatures and Neural Networks." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Bioinformática. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5753/bsb.2024.245606.

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COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has led to a global pandemic since 2020, resulting in nearly 7 million deaths. The virus’s rapid spread is due to more transmissible variants, many with spike glycoprotein mutations, which are key for cell invasion and a vaccine target. Understanding these mutations is crucial for preventing more dangerous variants. This study developed a computational method to predict the impact of mutations on the spike protein. Using data from 23,472 mutations, molecular modeling, graph-based structural signatures, and a machine-learning approach based on neural ne

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Reports on the topic "Spike protein"

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Paul, Satashree. Importance of Mini-Antibodies in COVID-19. Spring Library, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47496/sl.blog.21.

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Gershoni, Jonathan M., David E. Swayne, Tal Pupko, et al. Discovery and reconstitution of cross-reactive vaccine targets for H5 and H9 avian influenza. United States Department of Agriculture, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7699854.bard.

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Research objectives: Identification of highly conserved B-cell epitopes common to either H5 or H9 subtypes of AI Reconstruction of conserved epitopes from (1) as recombinantimmunogens, and testing their suitability to be used as universal vaccine components by measuring their binding to Influenza vaccinated sera of birds Vaccination of chickens with reconstituted epitopes and evaluation of successful vaccination, clinical protection and viral replication Development of a platform to investigate the dynamics of immune response towards infection or an epitope based vaccine Estimate our ability t

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Gelb, Jr., Jack, Yoram Weisman, Brian Ladman, and Rosie Meir. Identification of Avian Infectious Brochitis Virus Variant Serotypes and Subtypes by PCR Product Cycle Sequencing for the Rational Selection of Effective Vaccines. United States Department of Agriculture, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586470.bard.

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Objectives 1. Determine the serotypic identities of 40 recent IBV isolates from commercial chickens raised in the USA and Israel. 2. Sequence all IBV field isolates using PCR product cycle sequencing and analyze their S 1 sequence to detennine their homology to other strains in the Genbank and EMBL databases. 3. Select vaccinal strains with the highest S 1 sequence homology to the field isolates and perform challenge of immunity studies in chickens in laboratory trials to detennine level of protection afforded by the vaccines. Background Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a common, economically imp

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Bogdan, Alex, and Nikki Soo. Survey of consumer practices with respect to coated frozen chicken products. Food Standards Agency, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.hrb725.

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The Food Standards Agency (FSA) is investigating a spike in Salmonella cases in the UK linked to the consumption of coated frozen chicken products. In March 2021, FSA, in collaboration with Food Standards Scotland (FSS) commissioned Ipsos MORI to conduct an online survey in order to identify consumer behaviours which could increase their risk to foodborne disease. The key research questions were: •Which consumers are purchasing coated frozen chicken products? •How do consumers store and cook these products? •Do consumers follow packaging instructions when cooking and storing these products?•Ar

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Donnelly, Roarke, and Joseph Mendelson. Amphibian Declines. American Museum of Natural History, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5531/cbc.ncep.0176.

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"Amphibians are experiencing declines in populations and extinction of species at a rate far beyond any other group in recent times. In spite of the academic awareness of a possible amphibian crisis and continued vigilance in habitat protection and trade, field biologists continued to document decimated populations, extinctions, and malformations of every variety. This module asks: what's been happening? How is it that the best-protected habitats in the world have failed to protect amphibians within their borders? We also suggest you check out a similar material ""Applying Critical Thinking To

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Philosoph-Hadas, Sonia, Peter B. Kaufman, Shimon Meir, and Abraham H. Halevy. Inhibition of the Gravitropic Shoot Bending in Stored Cut Flowers Through Control of Their Graviperception: Involvement of the Cytoskeleton and Cytosolic Calcium. United States Department of Agriculture, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7586533.bard.

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Original objectives: The basic goal of the present project was to study the mechanism involved in shoot graviperception and early transduction, in order to determine the sequence of events operating in this process. This will enable to control the entire process of gravity-induced differential growth without affecting vertical growth processes essential for development. Thus, several new postulated interactions, operating at the perception and early transduction stages of the signaling cascade leading to auxin-mediated bending, were proposed to be examined in snapdragon spikes and oat shoot pu

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Ostersetzer-Biran, Oren, and Jeffrey Mower. Novel strategies to induce male sterility and restore fertility in Brassicaceae crops. United States Department of Agriculture, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604267.bard.

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Abstract Mitochondria are the site of respiration and numerous other metabolic processes required for plant growth and development. Increased demands for metabolic energy are observed during different stages in the plants life cycle, but are particularly ample during germination and reproductive organ development. These activities are dependent upon the tight regulation of the expression and accumulation of various organellar proteins. Plant mitochondria contain their own genomes (mtDNA), which encode for rRNAs, tRNAs and some mitochondrial proteins. Although all mitochondria have probably evo

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Epetia, Ma Christina, John Joseph Ocbina, and Kimberly Librero. Where Have the Workers Gone since the COVID-19 Pandemic? Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.62986/dp2023.22.

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This study seeks to investigate how labor markets in the Philippines responded to the COVID-19 pandemic by decomposing the change in average annual hours of work per person and analyzing the extent of reallocation across occupations, sectors, classes of work, and nature of work. It finds that the declining average work hours before the pandemic was primarily due to the extensive margin. However, the huge fall in work hours in the first year of the pandemic is attributed to the intensive margin to a larger extent and the extensive margin to a lesser degree. Although work hours moderately increa

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Chong, Alberto E., and Florencio López-de-Silanes. Corporate Governance in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010872.

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This paper analyzes recent trends in Latin Americas institutional development regarding to investor protection. In spite of the underdevelopment of the regions financial markets, there is slow movement towards legal reforms intended to protect investors and make regional markets more attractive to investors; current inadequacies in the regions legal institutions generate high levels of ownership concentration, poor access to external equity financing, and narrow equity markets. The evidence in this paper, based on firm-level data for six countries, shows that, like legal protection of investor

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Thompson, Joseph. How WASH Programming has Adapted to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2021.001.

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Since first appearing at the end of 2019, the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread at a pace and scale not seen before. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic. A rapid response was called for, and actors across the globe worked quickly to develop sets of preventative measures to contain the disease. One mode of transmission identified early on in the crisis was via surfaces and objects (fomites) (Howard et al. 2020). To combat this, hand hygiene was put forward as a key preventative measure and heralded as ‘the first line of defence agains

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