Journal articles: 'Spin coating'

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Shen, Shih-Jyun, Demei Lee, Yu-Chen Wu, and Shih-Jung Liu. "Binary Self-Assembly of Nanocolloidal Arrays using Concurrent and Sequential Spin Coating Techniques." Materials 14, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14020274.

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This paper reports the binary colloid assembly of nanospheres using spin coating techniques. Polystyrene spheres with sizes of 900 and 100 nm were assembled on top of silicon substrates utilizing a spin coater. Two different spin coating processes, namely concurrent and sequential coatings, were employed. For the concurrent spin coating, 900 and 100 nm colloidal nanospheres of latex were first mixed and then simultaneously spin coated onto the silicon substrate. On the other hand, the sequential coating process first created a monolayer of a 900 nm nanosphere array on the silicon substrate, followed by the spin coating of another layer of a 100 nm colloidal array on top of the 900 nm array. The influence of the processing parameters, including the type of surfactant, spin speed, and spin time, on the self-assembly of the binary colloidal array were explored. The empirical outcomes show that by employing the optimal processing conditions, binary colloidal arrays can be achieved by both the concurrent and sequential spin coating processes.

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Shen, Shih-Jyun, Demei Lee, Yu-Chen Wu, and Shih-Jung Liu. "Binary Self-Assembly of Nanocolloidal Arrays using Concurrent and Sequential Spin Coating Techniques." Materials 14, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14020274.

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This paper reports the binary colloid assembly of nanospheres using spin coating techniques. Polystyrene spheres with sizes of 900 and 100 nm were assembled on top of silicon substrates utilizing a spin coater. Two different spin coating processes, namely concurrent and sequential coatings, were employed. For the concurrent spin coating, 900 and 100 nm colloidal nanospheres of latex were first mixed and then simultaneously spin coated onto the silicon substrate. On the other hand, the sequential coating process first created a monolayer of a 900 nm nanosphere array on the silicon substrate, followed by the spin coating of another layer of a 100 nm colloidal array on top of the 900 nm array. The influence of the processing parameters, including the type of surfactant, spin speed, and spin time, on the self-assembly of the binary colloidal array were explored. The empirical outcomes show that by employing the optimal processing conditions, binary colloidal arrays can be achieved by both the concurrent and sequential spin coating processes.

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Kelso, Meagan V., Naveen K. Mahenderkar, Qingzhi Chen, John Z. Tubbesing, and Jay A. Switzer. "Spin coating epitaxial films." Science 364, no. 6436 (April 12, 2019): 166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw6184.

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Epitaxial films through spin coating A simple way to coat a surface with a uniform film is by spin coating. The substrate is spun at high speed, and a droplet of solution containing the coating is added at the center, spreads out, and evaporates. This method is used to make polycrystalline inorganic coatings and amorphous films, such as polymers used in lithography. Kelso et al. performed spin coating with single-crystal substrates, carefully controlling the thickness of the spreading solution on the basis of its viscosity and the rotation rate. In this way, they achieved epitaxial growth—in which the crystallites are oriented by the substrate—for perovskites, zinc oxide, and sodium chloride. Science , this issue p. 166

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Adamson, Steven J., James Klocke, and Gareth De Sanctis. "A Review of Wafer Coating Methods for 3D Packaging." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2010, DPC (January 1, 2010): 002153–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2010dpc-tha16.

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For many years, Front End of Line (FEOL) wafer fabrication, has used spin coating as the method of choice for photoresist application. Today, 3D packaging requires coatings applied to the non-active side of the wafer. Popular applications for back side coatings are, temporary adhesives to hold wafers to carriers during Through Silicon Via (TSV) fabrication, applying die / wafer bonding materials, and dielectric layers. Spin coating of wafers can be used to apply a number of materials for backside coatings. Although this application method is quite fast, it has a number of drawbacks which include high material waste and its limitation to low viscosity materials. Wafer Backside Coating (WBC) adhesives applied prior to dicing poses some unique challenges due to their filler loadings, and therefore the formulations can be limited by the spinning process. Today, most companies using spin coating to apply WBC materials have to lower the viscosity of the fluid with solvents, which creates other problems. Screen or stencil printing to apply WBC adhesives is a proven method and is currently in production at manufacturing sites. Screen printing gives good print uniformity, but requires a formulation that self-levels after printing. Stencil printing can be used with almost any formulation or filler loading, but is highly dependent on the tooling accuracy to maintain the coating thickness uniformity. Both methods are limited to coating thicknesses in the 25–100 micron range. There exists a need for a wafer coating methodology that can overcome the aforementioned restrictions. The ability to apply materials of varying rheologies, with low material waste and yet provide high quality, uniform coatings is required. This paper will review the current methods of applying WBC coatings. The authors will also present results from a newly developed spray coating process developed to process high viscosity fluids such as WBC coatings.

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Powojska, Anna, Arkadiusz Mystkowski, Edison Gundabattini, and Joanna Mystkowska. "Spin-Coating Fabrication Method of PDMS/NdFeB Composites Using Chitosan/PCL Coating." Materials 17, no. 9 (April 24, 2024): 1973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17091973.

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This paper verified the possibility of applying chitosan and/or ferulic acid or polycaprolactone (PCL)-based coatings to polydimethylsiloxane/neodymium–iron–boron (PDMS/NdFeB) composites using the spin-coating method. The surface modification of magnetic composites by biofunctional layers allows for the preparation of materials for biomedical applications. Biofunctional layered magnetic composites were obtained in three steps. The spin-coating method with various parameters (time and spin speed) was used to apply different substances to the surface of the composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were used to analyze the thickness and surface topography. The contact angle of the obtained surfaces was tested. Increasing spin speed and increasing process time for the same speed resulted in decreasing the composite’s thickness. The linear and surface roughness for the prepared coatings were approximately 0.2 μm and 0.01 μm, respectively, which are desirable values in the context of biocompatibility. The contact angle test results showed that both the addition of chitosan and PCL to PDMS have reduced the contact angle θ from 105° for non-coated composite to θ~59–88° depending on the coating. The performed modifications gave promising results mainly due to making the surface hydrophilic, which is a desirable feature of projected biomaterials.

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Villarreal, Iván, Miguel Aldás, Victor Hugo Guerrero-Barragan, Nelly María Rosas-Laverde, and Alexis Debut. "CaO stabilized ZrO2 coating intended to reduce corrosion on steel and aluminum substrates." Superficies y Vacío 30, no. 2 (June 15, 2017): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47566/2017_syv30_1-020014.

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In this work, we studied the anticorrosive properties of sol-gel nanostructured calcium stabilized zirconia coatings, deposited onto 304 stainless steel and commercial aluminum substrates by dip-coating and spin-coating. During the ceramic oxide synthesis, zirconium oxychloride octahydrate was used as precursor and calcium acetate monohydrate was used as stabilizer of the cubic zirconia structure, in a precursor/stabilizer molar ratio of 0.84/0.16. The gel films deposited on steel and aluminum were heat treated at 550 y 600 °C during 5 and 10 min, respectively, and the adherence of the resulting ceramic films was evaluated. Continuous coatings were obtained that reached average thicknesses between 2 y 3 mm when deposited on stainless steel, and between 1.5 y 1.6 on aluminum, depending on the coating method. The corrosion resistance of the best-adhered coatings was evaluated during 500 h in a saline chamber, according to ASTM B117-11. All the substrate-coating combinations showed a very good corrosion resistance. For the two substrate types, the films deposited by dip-coating showed higher corrosion resistance than the ones deposited by spin-coating. The anticorrosive protective effect of the coatings was better for the aluminum substrates, compared to the stainless-steel substrates.

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Karel, M. F. A., T. P. Lemmens, B. M. E. Tullemans, S. J. H. Wielders, E. Gubbins, D. van Beurden, S. van Rijt, and J. M. E. M. Cosemans. "Characterization of Atherosclerotic Plaque Coating for Thrombosis Microfluidics Assays." Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering 15, no. 1 (October 27, 2021): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12195-021-00713-9.

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Abstract Introduction Studying arterial thrombus formation by in vitro flow assays is a widely used approach. Incorporating human atherosclerotic plaque material as a thrombogenic surface in these assays represents a method to model the pathophysiological environment of thrombus formation upon plaque disruption. Up until now, achieving a homogeneous coating of plaque material and subsequent reproducible platelet adhesion has been challenging. Here, we characterized a novel method for coating of plaque material on glass coverslips for use in thrombosis microfluidic assays. Methods A homogenate of human atherosclerotic plaques was coated on glass coverslips by conventional manual droplet coating or by spin coating. Prior to coating, a subset of coverslips was plasma treated. Water contact angle measurements were performed as an indicator for the hydrophilicity of the coverslips. Homogeneity of plaque coatings was determined using profilometric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Thrombogenicity of the plaque material was assessed in real time by microscopic imaging while perfusing whole blood at a shear rate of 1500 s−1 over the plaque material. Results Plasma treatment of glass coverslips, prior to spin coating with plaque material, increased the hydrophilicity of the coverslip compared to no plasma treatment. The most homogeneous plaque coating and highest platelet adhesion was obtained upon plasma treatment followed by spin coating of the plaque material. Manual plaque coating on non-plasma treated coverslips yielded lowest coating homogeneity and platelet adhesion and activation. Conclusion Spin coating of atherosclerotic plaque material on plasma treated coverslips leads to a more homogenous coating and improved platelet adhesion to the plaque when compared to conventional droplet coating on non-plasma treated coverslips. These properties are beneficial in ensuring the quality and reproducibility of flow experiments.

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Xiong, Chao, Min Gao, and Wei Gao. "Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films prepared by sol–gel spin-coating technique." International Journal of Modern Physics B 34, no. 01n03 (December 16, 2019): 2040019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979220400196.

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The [Formula: see text] (CZTS) thin film is a photovoltaics material with excellent photoelectric properties and has good potential applications. The CZTS thin films with different spin-coated layers and sulfurized temperatures were successfully prepared by a sol–gel spin-coating technique. The relationships of microstructure, surface morphology and processing parameters were studied using XRD, SEM and EDS. The results indicate that the grain size of the sample sulfurized at [Formula: see text]C was larger than that of the sample sulfurized at [Formula: see text]C. With increasing layers of spin, coatings, the films showed better crystalline structure. The sulfureted CZTS thin films prepared by six spin-coating possess uniform elemental distribution.

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Zhang, Y., W. Fan, H. Q. Du, and Y. W. Zhao. "Formation of Corrosion-Resistant MAO-Treated Aluminum Alloy." Materials Performance 57, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 36–39. https://doi.org/10.5006/mp2018_57_2-36.

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Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coatings were formed on an aluminum alloy in a silicate-based electrolyte with and without the addition of aluminum oxide (Al2O3). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results revealed that Al 2p spin-orbit components of additive-containing MAO coatings, when compared to the additive-free coating, are shifted toward higher binding energy. This suggests that some of the Al2O3 additive is incorporated into the coating. Electrochemical test results showed that additive-containing MAO coatings exhibit better anti-corrosion properties than the additive-free MAO coating. Salt solution immersion tests showed that the additive-free coating presented some scattered black areas after immersion for 96 h.

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Ratnawulan, Sisi Gusti Putri, Dian Septiana, Suchi Ramadhani Putri, and Ahmad Fauzi. "The Effect of SiMn/PS Composition on Hydrophobic Properties of Nanocomposite Thin Layer." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2309, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2309/1/012019.

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Abstract Many researches on the synthesis of hydrophobic coatings have been carried out, but in use, the coating is easily scratched, easily damaged by contact with other objects and easy to corrode, thereby reducing the quality of the coating. This can hinder the application of hydrophobic coatings in industry and others. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a hydrophobic coating that is strong and durable and anti-corrosion so that it can improve the quality of a surface. For this reason, research is carried out by mixing a substrate that has anti-corrosion properties such as silica and is hard such as manganese in order to overcome the problems that occurred previously using the spin coating method. The precursor was made by adding 0.5 grams of polystyrene composition, with varying SiMn composition. The coating was carried out using the spin coating method and the calcination temperature was 60°C using an oven for 1 hour. The results of this study from the composition variation showed that the SiMn/PS nanocomposite layer was hydrophobic based on the contact angle test. The largest contact angle at 50%:50% composition.

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Naghdi, Samira, and Vesna Mišković-Stanković. "Review—A Review of the Corrosion Behaviour of Graphene Coatings on Metal Surfaces Obtained by Chemical Vapour Deposition." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 021505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac53cb.

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Outstanding characteristics of graphene are its high thermal conductivity, inherent high capacity, extremely large specific surface area, high strength, ductility, and remarkable chemical inertness, making it an attractive candidate in the corrosion barrier field. Since graphene coating does not change the thickness and appearance of the substrate, it is an ideal coating for protecting a metal substrate from destructive effects. Between various deposition procedures of graphene coatings on metal surfaces, i.e., electrophoretic deposition, dip coating, spray coating, spin coating, etc., chemical vapour deposition (CVD)-grown graphene coatings have been shown to improve the corrosion resistance of graphene-coated metals significantly. This review is focused on the protective properties of graphene coatings deposited by CVD on different metal substrates and exposed to corrosive environments.

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Xue, Hairong, Tao Wang, Hu Guo, Xiaoli Fan, Zetao Zhu, Xuchen Pan, and Jianping He. "In situ synthesis of graphene/carbon nanotube modified ordered mesoporous carbon as protective film of stainless steel bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cells." RSC Adv. 4, no. 101 (2014): 57724–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra09939g.

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Dhote, D. S. &. D. M. Yeul. "PHOTO CONDUCTIVITY OF ZINC OXIDE THIN FILMS OF DIFFERENT THICKNESS WITH PHOTO CURRENT AND DARK CURRENT." GLOBAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND RESEARCHES [NC-Rase 18] (November 15, 2018): 35–38. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1488681.

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In this paper, the effect of thin films thicknesses on the photoconductivity of the ZnO thin films deposited using sol-gel spin coating technique on glass substrates were tested for photo conductivity. The layer by layer method of film deposition was adopted to develop the thin films of different thickness. The thicknesses of the films resulting from the 2 to 6 repetitions of spin coating and annealing were found to be (a) 14.3 + 0.2 nm, (b) 20.9 + 0.3 nm,  (c) 42.8 + 0.5 nm, (d) 51.5 + 0.4 nm, and (e) 61.7 + 0.3 nm.  Present study showed that the coatings with larger thicknesses were able to generate more photo current than the thinner coatings.

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Oaten, Matthew, and Namita Roy Choudhury. "Synthesis and Characterization of a POSS-Urethane Hybrid Coating for Use in the Corrosion Protection of Metal." Journal of Metastable and Nanocrystalline Materials 23 (January 2005): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jmnm.23.231.

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The potential of cyclic silsesquioxanes as flexible coatings has been explored in this work for corrosion protection of metal. A polyurethane coating containing an inorganic polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) was synthesized and characterized by means of photo-acoustic infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle and modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC). The coating has been applied to clean steel substrates via dip and spin coating. The POSS based hybrid coating is found to be uniform, dense and essentially defect free. XPS shows that the coating forms a lamellar layered structure on the substrate.

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Lee, Un Gi, Woo-Byoung Kim, Do Hyung Han, and Hyun Soo Chung. "A Modified Equation for Thickness of the Film Fabricated by Spin Coating." Symmetry 11, no. 9 (September 18, 2019): 1183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11091183.

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According to the equation for Newtonian fluids, the film thickness after spin coating is determined by five parameters: angular velocity, spin coating time, viscosity, density of the coating material, and initial thickness of the material before spin coating. The spin coating process is commonly controlled by adjusting only the angular velocity parameter and the coating time in the Newtonian expression. However, the measured coating thickness obtained is then compared to the theoretical thickness calculated from the Newtonian fluid equation. The measured coating thickness usually varies somewhat from the theoretical thickness; further details are described in Section 1. Thus, the Newtonian fluid equation must be modified to better represent the actual film thickness. In this paper, we derive a new formula for the spin coating film thickness, which is based on the equation for Newtonian fluids, but modified to better represent film thicknesses obtained experimentally. The statistical analysis is performed to verify our modifications.

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Carradò, Adele. "Development of Bioactive Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Titanium Alloys." Key Engineering Materials 533 (December 2012): 183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.533.183.

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Bioactive coatings are currently manufacturing using plasma-sprayed technique on metal implant surfaces in order to optimize bone-implant interactions. Nevertheless, some problems exist with coating process, e.g. poor interfacial adhesion, modification of coating properties, and the lack of an existing coating standard. In order to overcome some of the problems with the plasma-spraying process, researchers are investigating other experimental coating methods to enhance the adhesion and to control the coating properties. This paper will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of plasma spraying and the experimental coating processes as pulsed laser deposition as well as spin-coated sol-gel.

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Mustafa, Haveen Ahmed Mustafa, and Dler Adil Jameel. "Modeling and the main stages of spin coating process: A review." Journal of Applied Science and Technology Trends 2, no. 03 (August 28, 2021): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.38094/jastt203109.

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Spin coating is a technique employed for the deposition of uniform thin films of organic materials in the range of micrometer to nanometer on flat substrates. Typically, a small amount of coating material generally as a liquid is dropped over the substrate center, which is either static or spinning at low speed. The substrate is then rotated at the desired speed and the coating material has been spread by centrifugal force. A device that is used for spin coating is termed a spin coater or just a spinner. The substrate continued to spin and the fluid spins off the boundaries of the substrate until the film is reached the required thickness. The thickness and the characteristics of coated layer (film) are depending on the number of rotations per minute (rpm) and the time of rotation. Therefore, a mathematical model is obtained to clarify the prevalent method controlling thin film fabrication. Viscosity and the concentration of (solution) spin coating material are also affecting the thickness of the substrate. This article reviews spin coating techniques including stages in the coating process such as deposition, spin-up, stable fluid outflow (spin-off), and evaporation. Additionally, the main affecting factors on the film thickness in the coating process are reviewed.

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Stillwagon, L. E., and R. G. Larson. "Planarization during spin coating." Physics of Fluids A: Fluid Dynamics 4, no. 5 (May 1992): 895–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.858269.

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Peurrung, L. M., and D. B. Graves. "Spin coating over topography." IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 6, no. 1 (1993): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/66.210660.

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Taylor, Jeffrey F. "Spin coating: An overview." Metal Finishing 99, no. 1 (January 2001): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0576(01)80527-4.

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Yang Wei, 杨伟, 惠浩浩 Hui Haohao, 马红菊 Ma Hongju, 李文林 Li Wenlin, 雷向阳 Lei Xiangyang, and 张清华 Zhang Qinghua. "KDP crystal antireflective coatings prepared by spin coating method." High Power Laser and Particle Beams 25, no. 12 (2013): 3348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/hplpb20132512.3348.

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Buapool, Sorasutee, Nandh Thavarungkul, Nakorn Srisukhumbowornchai, and Preecha Termsuksawad. "Modeling and Analysis of the Effect of Dip-Spin Coating Process Parameters on Coating Thickness Using Factorial Design Method." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9639306.

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Statistical modeling of the dip-spin coating process to describe colloidal PTFE dispersion coating on the external surface of a small diameter hollow tube was developed by using 24 factorial design with a center point to predict the coating thickness in a range of 4–10 μm. The coating parameters included viscosity, withdrawal rate, spin speed, and immersion time. The adequacy of the predicted model was verified by coefficients of determination and lack-of-fit test. Model accuracy was verified by comparing predicted values with experimental results. The significant interaction effects on the coating thickness were three-way interaction among withdrawal rate, spin speed, and immersion time and two-way interactions between viscosity and withdrawal rate, viscosity and spin speed, and viscosity and immersion time. Cube plot for coating thickness reveals a trend of increasing coating thickness towards high levels of viscosity, withdrawal rate, and immersion time and lower level of spin speed.

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Mahadik, S. A., F. Pedraza, and S. S. Mahadik. "Comparative studies on water repellent coatings prepared by spin coating and spray coating methods." Progress in Organic Coatings 104 (March 2017): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2016.11.006.

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Sharifi, Hassan, and Seyed Ali Erfani Mobarakeh. "Fabrication and characterization of CNT-reinforced Ni-Co composite coatings: microstructural evolutions and corrosion behavior." Metallurgical Research & Technology 121, no. 3 (2024): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2024028.

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In this study, Ni-Co coatings were synthesized on 304L stainless steel substrates using the spin coating method and the effects of adding multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the microstructural, mechanical and corrosion properties of the produced coatings have been investigated. The morphology of the synthesized coatings containing high amounts of nickel was observed to be spherical. With increasing the cobalt content, a change from spherical to needle-fibrous morphology occurred in the microstructure of the coatings. Carbon nanotubes caused the accumulation of dislocations and increased the hardness of the coatings by restricting the movement of dislocations and the slipping of grain boundaries. Moreover, by adding multi-walled nanotubes to the coating structure, the preferred nucleation sites for nickel and cobalt were increased and the resulting coating became finer in the microstructure. Therefore, the maximum hardness and corrosion resistance were observed in the CNT-reinforced coating of the lowest cobalt content.

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Yang, Fusheng, Peng Wang, Xiaoli Yang, and Zaisheng Cai. "Antifogging and Antireflective Coatings by Spin-LbL Assembly of SiO2 and ZrO2 Nanoparticles." Nanoscience &Nanotechnology-Asia 9, no. 1 (December 26, 2018): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210681208666180111144217.

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Background: Fogging is a common phenomenon and often causes trouble to people in daily life. Antifogging (AF) and Antireflective (AR) coatings can be effectively used to provide resistance to fogging and maintain the optical clarity in day-to-day life. For this reason, they are useful for maintaining optical clarity in optical instrument and display devices. Methods: Antifogging and antireflective coatings were fabricated using a Spin-LbL assembly process, and this process is driven by electrostatic interactions between the positively charged ZrO2 NPs and negatively charged SiO2 NPs. Results: The textured surfaces and void fraction can signicantly enhance the wettability of surfaces with water. And this may result in enhanced AF properties. In the Water contact angles (WCA) test, the ZrO2/SiO2 and SiO2/ZrO2 coatings were all superhydrophilic (almost 0°, less than 0.04 s). In the boiling test and low temperature AF test, the ZrO2/SiO2 and SiO2/ZrO2 samples showed excellent AF properties. Conclusion: Antifogging and antireflective coatings were fabricated via Spin-LbL assembly of the positively charged ZrO2 NPs and negatively charged SiO2 NPs followed by calcination. The resultant coatings showed excellent AF properties due to the superhydrophilicity of the coating, exhibited excellent AR properties due to the low refractive index coating and an appropriate coating thickness, and showed excellent superhydrophilic properties due to a nano-roughness structure.

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Ambrosetti, Matteo, Riccardo Balzarotti, Cinzia Cristiani, Gianpiero Groppi, and Enrico Tronconi. "The Influence of the Washcoat Deposition Process on High Pore Density Open Cell Foams Activation for CO Catalytic Combustion." Catalysts 8, no. 11 (November 2, 2018): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8110510.

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Spin coating was evaluated as alternative deposition technique to the commonly used dip coating procedure for washcoat deposition on high-porosity metallic substrates. By using spin coating, the washcoating of metallic open cell foams with very high pore density (i.e., 580 μm in cell diameter) was finely controlled. Catalytic performances of samples prepared with conventional dip coating and spin coating were evaluated in CO catalytic combustion in air, using palladium as active phase and cerium oxide as carrier. The incipient wetness method was used to prepare catalytic powder, which was dispersed by means of an acid-free dispersing medium. After washcoating, deposited layers were evaluated by optical microscopy and adhesion test. In comparison to dip-coated samples, the use of spin coating demonstrated better performances from both catalytic and coating quality points of view, highlighting the possibility of the industrial adoption of these supports for process intensification in several catalytic applications.

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Durham, Maria, Laura Mauer, and Andy Mackie. "Semiconductor Fluxes for Wafer Bumping in 3D Assembly." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2013, DPC (January 1, 2013): 000811–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2013dpc-tp23.

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Spin-coating is an important processing technique used in several industries, whereby a centrifugal force is used to produce a uniform thickness of fluid material on a rotating surface. In particular, spin-coating is being used throughout the electronics industry to coat silicon wafers with different materials such as photoresist (semiconductor fabrication) and bump fusion fluxes (in semiconductor assembly). In this paper the spin coating process for bump fusion fluxes is examined. A mathematical model has been developed for a flux spin-coating process based on material and process variables, the results of which are then compared experimentally with data. The theoretical analysis of a spin coating process is physically and mathematically complex but nevertheless even partial analysis provides insight into the effectiveness and limitations of the process. Variables studied include viscosity, initial dispensed volume, rotational speed, and time.

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Nisa, Dhini Faridatul, and Nugrahani Primary Putri. "SINTESIS LAPISAN TIPIS SOLUBLE PANi DOPAN FUMARIC ACID DAN KARAKTERISTIKNYA." Inovasi Fisika Indonesia 10, no. 3 (November 8, 2021): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/ifi.v10n3.p15-23.

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Abstrak Polianilin merupakan salah satu jenis polimer konduktif yang memiliki keistimewaan yaitu sifat optik, morfologi, konduktivitas yang baik, dan kestabilan tinggi. Polianilin banyak dimanfaatkan dalam berbagai bidang, misalnya sebagai sensor, elektroda pada baterai transistor, elektroda pada kapasitor, pelapis antikorosi. Berbagai macam metode pelapisan, diantaranya yaitu dip coating, elektrodeposisi, spray pyrolysis dan spin coating. Metode spin coating ini sering digunakan karena parameternya dapat dikontrol dengan mudah, merupakan metode yang sederhana dan efisien untuk menghasilkan lapisan tipis pada temperatur ruang dan dapat menghasilkan lapisan tipis dengan kualitas yang baik. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan sintesis PANi dengan dopan Fumaric Acid menggunakan metode polimerisasi oksidasi. Deposisi lapisan tipis PANi dilakukan menggunakan metode spin coating diatas substrat Printed Circuit Boad (PCB). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik lapisan tipis soluble PANi dengan variasi jenis dan konsentrasi pelarut. Pelarut yang digunakan adalah NMP, Etanol, dan Aseton, dengan konsentrasi 2%, 4%, dan 5%. Karakterisasi yang dilakukan adalah penentuan nilai konduktivitas listrik dengan metode two point probe, pengamatan morfologi dengan menggunakan microskop optik dan karakterisasi optik menggunakan spektrometer Uv-vis. Hasil dari karakterisasi morfologi yang baik didapatkan pada variasi kecepatan putar 2000 rpm, jenis pelarut NMP dan konsentrasi pelarut 2% terbentuk lapisan yang merata. Nilai transmitansi terbesar yaitu 88% pada pelarut NMP dengan variasi konsentrasi 2%. Sedangkan nilai konduktivitas listrik yang baik terdapat pada variasi kecepatan putar 2000 rpm, variasi jenis pelarut NMP, dan konsentrasi pelarut 2%. Kata Kunci: PANi, Spin coating, Lapisan tipis, Konduktivitas listrik Abstract Polyaniline is one type of conductive polymer that has special features, namely optical properties, morphology, good conductivity, and high stability. Polyaniline is widely used in various fields, for example as sensors, electrodes on transistor batteries, electrodes on capacitors, anti-corrosion coatings. Various kinds of coating methods, including dip coating, electrodeposition, spray pyrolysis and spin coating This spin coating method is often used because its parameters can be controlled easily, it is a simple and efficient method to produce thin films at room temperature and can produce thin films with high quality. the good one. In this study, the synthesis of PANi with Fumaric Acid dopant was carried out using the oxidation polymerization method. PANi thin layer deposition was carried out using the spin coating method on a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) substrate. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of PANi soluble films with variations in the type and concentration of solvents. The solvents used were NMP, Ethanol, and Acetone, with concentrations of 2%, 4%, and 5%. The characterization carried out was the determination of the electrical conductivity value using the two point probe method, morphological observations using an optical microscope and optical characterization using a UV-vis spectrometer. The results of good morphological characterization were obtained at variations in rotational speed of 2000 rpm, the type of solvent NMP and solvent concentration of 2% formed an even layer. The greatest transmittance value is 88% in NMP solvent with a concentration variation of 2%. While the good electrical conductivity values are found in variations in rotational speed of 2000 rpm, variations in the type of NMP solvent, and 2% solvent concentration. Keywords: PANi, Spin coating, Thin film, Electrical conductivity

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Zhang, Xu Ming, Yu Zhang, Guo Jin, and Li Li. "Surface Structure and Protein Resistance of PMMA/PS Copolymer Coatings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 268-270 (December 2012): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.268-270.143.

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PMMA/PS copolymers were synthesized by radical polymerization techniques. And the 1H NMR results illustrate that the molar contents of PMMA are respectively 19%, 53%, 69% and 84%. The coatings of those PMMA/PS copolymers were prepared by spin-coating. The surface structures and protein resistance of copolymer coatings were investigated respectively by AFM and BSA absorption experiment. It is showed that the copolymer coating surfaces have micro-phase separation structure. Furthermore, with the increase in the PMMA content, the surface pattern changes from interpenetration network pattern to island structure that the PMMA-rich phase surrounded by the PS-rich phase. In addition, all coatings prepared in this study, especially the coating with PMMA content of 69%, have good resistance to BSA protein.

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Ramírez-González, Guido Andrés, Chiara Consumi-Tubito, Ernesto Vargas-Méndez, and Carolina Centeno-Cerdas. "Advancing Organ-on-a-Chip Systems: The Role of Scaffold Materials and Coatings in Engineering Cell Microenvironment." Polymers 17, no. 9 (May 6, 2025): 1263. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17091263.

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For organ-on-a-chip (OoC) engineering, the use of biocompatible coatings and materials is not only recommended but essential. Extracellular matrix (ECM) components are commonly used as coatings due to their effects on cell orientation, protein expression, differentiation, and adhesion. Among the most frequently used coatings are collagen, fibronectin, and Matrigel, according to the specific cell type and intended OoC application. Additionally, materials such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), thermoplastics, chitosan, and alginate serve as scaffolding components due to their biomechanical properties and biocompatibility. Here, we discuss some of the most employed coating techniques, including SAMs, dip coating, spin coating, microcontact printing, and 3D bioprinting, each offering advantages and drawbacks. Current challenges comprise enhancing biocompatibility, exploring novel materials, and improving scalability and reproducibility.

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Birnie, Dunbar P. "Rational solvent selection strategies to combat striation formation during spin coating of thin films." Journal of Materials Research 16, no. 4 (April 2001): 1145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2001.0158.

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Striation defects in spin-coated thin films are a result of unfavorable capillary forces that develop due to the physical processes commonly involved in the spin-coating technique. Solvent evaporation during spinning causes depletion at the surface of the more volatile solution components while simultaneous viscous out-flow occurs providing the main source of solution thickness reduction during any typical spinning run. The composition changes in the surface layer can either stabilize or destabilize the surface with respect to convective motions within the coating solution. Destabilization (and therefore possible striation formation) happens when the surface composition changes so that a larger surface tension will develop. Thus, a careful cross-referencing of solvent volatility with surface tension effects can help establish solution conditions that will prevent this instability from arising. A plot of solvent vapor pressure (Pv) versus solvent surface tension (σ) is introduced and utilized to help discuss the impact of solvent choice when making coatings via spin coating. One important result is that when desiring to deposit a coating having a surface tension of σsolid, then it is favorable to use a fully miscible solvent that has a higher surface tension (i.e., σliquid > σsolid). More complicated solution mixtures were also examined, including dual-solvent systems and water-containing systems.

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Brero, Francesca, Paolo Arosio, Martin Albino, Davide Cicolari, Margherita Porru, Martina Basini, Manuel Mariani, et al. "1H-NMR Relaxation of Ferrite Core-Shell Nanoparticles: Evaluation of the Coating Effect." Nanomaterials 13, no. 5 (February 22, 2023): 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13050804.

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We investigated the effect of different organic coatings on the 1H-NMR relaxation properties of ultra-small iron-oxide-based magnetic nanoparticles. The first set of nanoparticles, with a magnetic core diameter ds1 = 4.4 ± 0.7 nm, was coated with polyacrylic acid (PAA) and dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), while the second set, ds2 = 8.9 ± 0.9 nm, was coated with aminopropylphosphonic acid (APPA) and DMSA. At fixed core diameters but different coatings, magnetization measurements revealed a similar behavior as a function of temperature and field. On the other hand, the 1H-NMR longitudinal r1 nuclear relaxivity in the frequency range ν = 10 kHz ÷ 300 MHz displayed, for the smallest particles (diameter ds1), an intensity and a frequency behavior dependent on the kind of coating, thus indicating different electronic spin dynamics. Conversely, no differences were found in the r1 relaxivity of the biggest particles (ds2) when the coating was changed. It is concluded that, when the surface to volume ratio, i.e., the surface to bulk spins ratio, increases (smallest nanoparticles), the spin dynamics change significantly, possibly due to the contribution of surface spin dynamics/topology.

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Kripa Suvarna, M. "A Study on TiO₂-CeO₂ nanocomposite coatings for corrosion protection of 304LN stainless steel." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2484, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2484/1/012021.

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Abstract Nano composite coatings are used to modify the substrate properties for a better life of the structures exposed to saline environments. Using a method known as spin coating, the authors of this study coated 304LN stainless steel with a mixture of TiO2 and CeO2 nano particles. The ratio of TiO2 to CeO2 in the coatings was 1:5:10:20 by weight percent. Stainless steel 304 was used as a substrate for the deposition of coatings since it is reasonably affordable. The effect that 3.5 weight percent NaCl solution had on the wett ability of the coating and its resistance to corrosion was investigated. The end effect is improved corrosion resistance in line with the rising coating weight percentage. After being exposed to the solution for 600 hours, the corrosion was significantly decreased. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled to energy dispersive spectroscopy were used to investigate the deposits (EDS). The nano composites’ inherent physical features ensure their continued presence on the surface. The ratio of surface area to volume is satisfactory. According to the contact angle, the amount of water that is spreading out is extremely little. The photo produced cathodic protection feature of the TiO2-CeO2 coating is shown by the results of spin coating methods applied on 304LN stainless steel that was previously coated with TiO2-CeO2. After being subjected to the corrosion test, the coating made of 10% TiO2-CeO2 exhibited no signs of pitting or pinholes. The structural equation modeling (SEM) studies backed this conclusion. When it comes to the resistance to corrosion, the results produced by the contact angle are better. As a consequence of this finding, it was concluded that the coating could withstand the NaCl attack.

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Haring, Fred, Syed Sajid Ahmad, Nathan Schneck, Kaycie Gerstner, Nicole Dallman, Chris Hoffarth, and Aaron Reinholz. "Spin Coating of Dielectrics on Thin Silicon To Enhance Strength Characteristics." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2010, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 000339–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2010-tp5-paper3.

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Use of very thin wafers in the semiconductor industry poses handling challenges during manufacturing. The goal of this study was to determine whether applying thin coatings could create stronger, easy to handle wafers. Standard three-point bend testing of coated and uncoated thin wafer samples was used to determine whether the coating strengthened the wafers to improve their handling properties. Data indicated that only the thinnest coating on the thinner silicon increased the peak break strength in three-point bend testing.

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Salamianski, A. E., D. A. Kalenchanka, G. B. Melnikova, Yu V. Sinkevich, and V. E. Agabekov. "HYDRO- AND OLEOPHOBIC COATINGS BASED ON POLYVINYL ALCOHOL AND SILICON DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES." Doklady of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus 62, no. 3 (June 30, 2018): 298–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8323-2018-62-3-298-303.

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The wettability of composite coatings based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and silicon dioxide formed on silicon by the spin coating method from PVA colloid solutions of SiO2 nanoparticles was studied. These coatings modified with hydrolysed heptadecafluorotetrahydrodecyltrimethoxysilane are found to exhibit superhydrophobic and oleophobic properties. It was found that PVA increases the wear stability of SiO2–PVA coatings.

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Yin, Yue. "Advances and perspectives of spin coating techniques." Applied and Computational Engineering 7, no. 1 (July 21, 2023): 308–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/7/20230495.

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Spin coating is a kind of economically friendly technology accompanied by outstanding application performance, which has been widely adopted in the functional thin film fabrication field. Widespread attention has been attracted owing to their superior controllability. In this paper, the fundamental principles, film quality evaluation methods, and the current development of the spin coating technique are discussed. Through the ideal model and empirical formula, the key factors controlling the film thickness are obtained and are ready to produce marvelous functional films. Currently, the manufacturing demand for solar cells in the energy market is calling for high-quality thin films. Therefore, spin-coating has become a promising candidate. The characteristics of the spin-coating methods reviewed in this paper are adopted to maximize the properties of the obtained films and provide theoretical support for the preparation of high-efficiency solar cells. Finally, this novel growth point of using the spin coating method in the photovoltaic film is forecasted.

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Cui, Xiao Rong, Yi Yang Shi, Xiao Tong Bai, and Lin Rui Zhang. "The Effect of the Number of Precursor Spin-Coating on the Properties of Sb<sub>2</sub>(S,Se)<sub>3</sub> Thin Film." Defect and Diffusion Forum 435 (September 19, 2024): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-sb9rtx.

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Preparing of Sb2S3 precursor by sol gel method and the post selenization is a simple and low-cost method for preparing Sb2(S, Se)3. In the preparation process of this method, the number of spin-coating of Sb2S3 precursor determines the film thickness, structure, and S/Se ratio. In this work, the effects of different spin-coating times (1 to 5) on the structure, optical and electrical properties of the film were studied. The results showed that when the number of spin-coating increased from 1 to 5, the thickness of the film increased from 0.24 μm to 1.17 μm. When spin-coating twice, the strongest diffraction peak of the film changed from (120) to (230); as the spin-coating frequency continued to increase, the film gradually exhibited Sb2S3 characteristics, accompanied by a small amount of Sb2O3 impurities. In addition, excessive spin-coating cycles can cause large voids to appear on the surface of the film. From the UV-visible spectrum, it can be seen that as the thickness of the film increases, the light absorption also gradually improve, and the band gap increases from 1.34 eV to 1.66 eV. The Mott-Schottky test showed that the prepared thin films were all P-type semiconductor. When spin-coated twice, the carrier concentration of the thin film reached 5.8×1015cm-3.

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Zhou, Xiao Qing, Bin Wang, Zhi Xue Han, Yi Qun Wu, Zhi Min Chen, and Chun Ying He. "Preparation and NH₃-Sensing Properties of Lead(II) Tetrakis(4-Cumylphenoxy) Phthalocyanine Spin-Coating Films." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.45.

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Spin-coating films of Lead(II) tetrakis(4-cumylphenoxy) phthalocyanine (4-PbPc) were prepared and characterized by FT-IR and UV-vis spectra. The results show that the ideal different thickness spin-coating films of 4-PbPc are fabricated by different spin-coating concentration. The response of the films was investigated with respect to NH3 at room temperature. Moreover, the response and recovery properties and the effect of the film thickness on gas sensing performance are also discussed. The results indicate that the films display a high and fast response and good reversibility to NH3 and the 4-PbPc spin-coating films which could be explored as an NH3 sensor at room temperature.

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Bornside, D. E., C. W. Macosko, and L. E. Scriven. "Spin coating: One‐dimensional model." Journal of Applied Physics 66, no. 11 (December 1989): 5185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.343754.

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Zhuang, Weiwei, Fengyang Zhang, Jer Shen Maa, and Sheng Teng Hsu. "PGO spin-coating precursor synthesis." Integrated Ferroelectrics 36, no. 1-4 (January 2001): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584580108015545.

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Ismangil, Agus, and Nanang Nanang. "ANDROID-BASED SPIN COATING MONITORING." Instrumentasi 47, no. 2 (June 25, 2024): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.31153/instrumentasi.v47i2.307.

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42

Wood, Jonathan. "Spin coating high-mobility films." Materials Today 7, no. 5 (May 2004): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-7021(04)00219-6.

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Lawrence, C. J. "Spin coating with slow evaporation." Physics of Fluids A: Fluid Dynamics 2, no. 3 (March 1990): 453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.857823.

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Kirihara, Akihiro, Ken-ichi Uchida, Yosuke Kajiwara, Masahiko Ishida, Yasunobu Nakamura, Takashi Manako, Eiji Saitoh, and Shinichi Yorozu. "Spin-current-driven thermoelectric coating." Nature Materials 11, no. 8 (June 17, 2012): 686–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmat3360.

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45

Rehg, Timothy J., and G. Higgins. "Spin coating of colloidal suspensions." AIChE Journal 38, no. 4 (April 1992): 489–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380403.

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46

Shi, Kejun, Xinyu Meng, Shu Xiao, Guohua Chen, Hao Wu, Chilou Zhou, Saihua Jiang, and Paul K. Chu. "MXene Coatings: Novel Hydrogen Permeation Barriers for Pipe Steels." Nanomaterials 11, no. 10 (October 16, 2021): 2737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11102737.

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MXenes are a new class of two-dimensional (2D) materials with promising applications in many fields because of their layered structure and unique performance. In particular, the physical barrier properties of two-dimensional nanosheets make them suitable as barriers against hydrogen. Herein, MXene coatings were prepared on pipe steel by a simple spin-coating process with a colloidal suspension. The hydrogen resistance was evaluated by electrochemical hydrogen permeation tests and slow strain rate tests, and the corrosion resistance was assessed by potentiodynamic polarization. The results reveal that MXene coatings offer excellent hydrogen resistance and corrosion protection by forming a barrier against diffusion. Experimentally, the hydrogen permeability of the MXene coating is one third of the substrate, and the diffusion coefficient decreases as well. The mechanistic study indicates that the hydrogen resistance of the MXene coatings is affected by the number of spin-coated layers, while the concentration of the d-MXene colloidal suspension determines the thickness of a single coating. However, damage to the sample surface caused by the colloidal suspension that contains H+ and F− may limit the improvement of the hydrogen resistance. This paper reveals a new application of 2D MXene materials as a novel efficient barrier against hydrogen permeation and the subsequent alleviation of hydrogen embrittlement in the steel substrate.

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Yan, Ying, Jiarun Li, Qiuyu Liu, and Ping Zhou. "Evaporation Effect on Thickness Distribution for Spin-Coated Films on Rectangular and Circular Substrates." Coatings 11, no. 11 (October 29, 2021): 1322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11111322.

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Spin-coating is widely applied in the field of thin-film fabrication due to its simplicity and high film uniformity. To prepare thin films on rectangular substrates by spin-coating, the simulation and experimental methods were used to study the characteristics of the film thickness in this work. The two-phase flow simulations of spin-coating on a rectangular substrate and circular substrate were carried out with the volume of fluid (VOF) method. The simulation results showed that the airflow field and the substrate geometry had little effect on the evolution of spin-coated film thickness. However, in the experimental results, there was a significant difference in the thickness of the spin-coated film on the rectangular substrate and the circular substrate. According to further study, the solvent evaporation that was neglected in the simulation was the dominant factor of the differences. In addition, it was concluded that the non-uniform evaporation caused by the surface tension and edge accumulation in the later spin-coating stage was the main reason for the film accumulation of the windward area on the rectangular substrate. This work is useful to obtain a deeper understanding of the thin-film formation mechanism of spin-coating.

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Moriones, Jennifer, Javier Osés, Pablo Amézqueta, José F. Palacio, Jonathan Fernández De Ara, and Eluxka Almandoz. "Enhancement of Sol–Gel Coatings for Photoprotection of Rosé Wines." Ceramics 8, no. 1 (February 19, 2025): 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics8010017.

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Exposure to short-wavelength light, including UV-A and blue light, can degrade high-value products like rosé wine, which are usually packaged in colourless bottles. This study investigates the optimisation of sol–gel coatings enhanced with UV-absorbing additives (Tinuvin 479 and semaSORB 20109) to provide photoprotection for rosé wines. Coatings with varying additive concentrations (0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, and 1.5%) were applied to glass substrates via spin coating and cured with UV light. Then, optical and mechanical characterisation was performed. The 1.5% concentration semaSORB 20109 bilayer coating demonstrated improved photoprotective properties without compromising colour properties, leading to successful application on glass bottles by spray coating. Accelerated degradation tests confirmed that the optimised coating effectively protected against photodegradation, as indicated by the stability of polyphenol levels and colour parameters in rosé wines. The results suggest that these coatings could be a suitable option for commercial-scale applications, enhancing the light resistance of colourless-bottled products.

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Yu, Ji-Haeng, Hee-Lak Lee, and Sang-Kuk Woo. "Anode-supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Prepared by Spin-coating." Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society 44, no. 12 (December 31, 2007): 733–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4191/kcers.2007.44.1.733.

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Rossi, Federico, Leonardo Rotondi, Maurizio Stefanelli, Adalgisa Sinicropi, Luigi Vesce, and Maria Laura Parisi. "Comparative life cycle assessment of different fabrication processes for perovskite solar mini-modules." EPJ Photovoltaics 15 (2024): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjpv/2024014.

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Sustainable energy production is one of the major goals for society to address climate change, with the aim of reducing fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gases emissions. One of the main alternatives to burning fossil fuels is solar energy conversion; therefore, scientific research has moved towards the development of photovoltaic devices that are able to harvest solar radiation and convert it into electric energy, such as perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Several production processes for PSCs exist, differing in the deposition technique of PSCs layers as well as energy and material consumption. One of the main challenges is then to minimize the environmental impact of PSC manufacturing, which can be assessed through Life Cycle Assessment. The aim of this work is to evaluate and compare the eco-profiles of four different PSC production line at mini-module scale, namely, Spin Coating, Blade Coating, Spin Coating + Press and Blade Coating in Glovebox. Results disfavour the latter manufacturing route, showing that its burden is higher than the alternatives. Differently, the Blade Coating process results to be the one having the lowest environmental impact among the proposed solutions, whereas Spin Coating and Spin Coating + Press lines show almost the similar intermediate result.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Spin coating'

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