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Journal articles on the topic 'Spin dependent transport models'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Andrianov, Timofey, and Anatoly Vedyayev. "Numerical simulation of spin transport in systems with complex geometry." EPJ Web of Conferences 185 (2018): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818501021.

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The spin diffusion and charge equations in Levy-Fert and Waintal models were numerically solved, using finite element method in complex non-collinear geometry with strongly inhomogeneous current flow. As an illustration, spin-dependent transport through a magnetic pillar and nonmagnetic spacer separating two magnetic layers was investigated. It is shown, that the structure with number of pillars gives a higher value of Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) effect rather than a structure with one pillar of equivalent diameter. The inhomogeneity of spin currents, which has one of the strongest impacts on GMR effect value leads to the occurrence of spin-current vortices. Introduction of lT and lL lengths in Waintal model gives a better description of angular dependence of GMR effect rather than Levy-Fert model.

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2

DAS, PROLOY TARAN, and Tapan Kumar Nath. "Investigation of Structural, Magneto-transport, and Electronic properties of Pr0.7Sr0.3MnO3 nanoparticle." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS 7, no. 3 (February 23, 2015): 1906–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jap.v7i3.1598.

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In this report Micro-structural, magnetic, electronic, and magneto-transport properties of perovskite Pr0.7Sr0.3MnO3 manganite nanoparticles have been thoroughly investigated. A series of samples with different particle size (Î¦) is synthesized by chemical â€˜pyrophoricâ€™ reaction process. Rietveld refinement of X-Ray diffraction pattern of the sample showed single phase orthorhombic structure with Pbnm space group. Metal- insulator transition () has been observed in the temperature range of 180-200 K in zero field resistivity data (2 â€“ 300 K) and it differs from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic transition temperature () due to enhanced surface disorder effect. The lowest nanomentric sample exhibit maximum 85 % magneto-resistances under 8 T magnetic field at 4 K. Magneto-impedance measurement of the Pr0.7Sr0.3MnO3 nano particles have been obtained at 0.8 T in the temperature range 80-300 K. The magneto transport properties has been explored with spin polarized tunneling and spin dependent scattering of single ferromagnetic domain with nanometric grain size modulation. We have analyzed temperature dependent resistivity data using small polaron hopping and variable range hopping models. Below < 40 K a resistivity upturn behavior exhibiting a distinct resistivity minimum has been observed for each sample, which is best explained by electron-electron interaction and weak localization mechanism.Â

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3

Vikram, Amit, Guddadarangavvanahally K. Jayaprakasha, Palmy R. Jesudhasan, Suresh D. Pillai, and Bhimanagouda S. Patil. "Obacunone Represses Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands 1 and 2 in anenvZ-Dependent Fashion." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 19 (July 27, 2012): 7012–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01326-12.

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ABSTRACTObacunone belongs to a class of unique triterpenoids called limonoids, present inCitrusspecies. Previous studies from our laboratory suggested that obacunone possesses antivirulence activity and demonstrates inhibition of cell-cell signaling inVibrio harveyiandEscherichia coliO157:H7. The present work sought to determine the effect of obacunone on the food-borne pathogenSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium LT2 by using a cDNA microarray. Transcriptomic studies indicated that obacunone repressesSalmonellapathogenicity island 1 (SPI1), the maltose transporter, and the hydrogenase operon. Furthermore, phenotypic data for the Caco-2 infection assay and maltose utilization were in agreement with microarray data suggesting repression of SPI1 and maltose transport. Further studies demonstrated that repression of SPI1 was plausibly mediated throughhilA. Additionally, obacunone seems to repress SPI2 under SPI2-inducing conditions as well as in Caco-2 infection models. Furthermore, obacunone seems to represshilAin an EnvZ-dependent fashion. Altogether, the results of the study seems to suggest that obacunone exerts an antivirulence effect onS.Typhimurium and may serve as a lead compound for development of antivirulence strategies forS.Typhimurium.

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4

DIETL, TOMASZ. "DILUTED FERROMAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS — ORIGIN OF MAGNETIC ORDERING AND SPIN-TRANSPORT PROPERTIES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 01n02 (January 20, 2008): 104–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208046116.

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In the first hour of the lecture the present understanding of the origin of exchange interaction and mechanisms leading to ferromagnetic order in diluted magnetic semiconductors will be presented.1 The lecture will start by discussing energy positions of relevant open magnetic shells, including the correlation energy and excitations within the magnetic ions. The origin and magnitude of sp–d exchange interactions will then be described. This will be followed by presenting the physics of indirect exchange interactions between localized spins contrasting magnetic characteristics in the absence and in the presence of free carriers. The Zener and RKKY models of ferromagnetism will be introduced and the role of confinement, dimensionality, and spin-orbit interaction in determining properties of the ferromagnetic phase will be outlined. The second lecture will be devoted to theory of spin transport in layered structures of diluted ferromagnetic semiconductors, emphasizing the issues important for perspective spintronics devices. A recently developed theory,2 which combines a multi-orbital empirical tight-binding approach with a Landauer–Büttiker formalism will be presented. In contrast to the standard kp method, this theory describes properly the interfaces and inversion symmetry breaking as well as the band dispersion in the entire Brillouin zone, so that the essential for the spin-dependent transport Rashba and Dresselhaus terms as well as the tunneling via k points away from the zone center are taken into account. The applicability of this model for the description of tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR), resonant tunneling spectra, spin-current polarization in Esaki-Zener diodes, and domain-wall resistance will be presented. Note from Publisher: This article contains the abstract only.

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5

Schuth, Nils, Stefan Mebs, Dennis Huwald, Pierre Wrzolek, Matthias Schwalbe, Anja Hemschemeier, and Michael Haumann. "Effective intermediate-spin iron in O2-transporting heme proteins." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 32 (July 24, 2017): 8556–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1706527114.

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Proteins carrying an iron-porphyrin (heme) cofactor are essential for biological O2 management. The nature of Fe-O2 bonding in hemoproteins is debated for decades. We used energy-sampling and rapid-scan X-ray Kβ emission and K-edge absorption spectroscopy as well as quantum chemistry to determine molecular and electronic structures of unligated (deoxy), CO-inhibited (carboxy), and O2-bound (oxy) hemes in myoglobin (MB) and hemoglobin (HB) solutions and in porphyrin compounds at 20–260 K. Similar metrical and spectral features revealed analogous heme sites in MB and HB and the absence of low-spin (LS) to high-spin (HS) conversion. Amplitudes of Kβ main-line emission spectra were directly related to the formal unpaired Fe(d) spin count, indicating HS Fe(II) in deoxy and LS Fe(II) in carboxy. For oxy, two unpaired Fe(d) spins and, thus by definition, an intermediate-spin iron center, were revealed by our static and kinetic X-ray data, as supported by (time-dependent) density functional theory and complete-active-space self-consistent-field calculations. The emerging Fe-O2 bonding situation includes in essence a ferrous iron center, minor superoxide character of the noninnocent ligand, significant double-bond properties of the interaction, and three-center electron delocalization as in ozone. It resolves the apparently contradictory classical models of Pauling, Weiss, and McClure/Goddard into a unifying view of O2 bonding, tuned toward reversible oxygen transport.

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6

Melson, Tobias, Hans-Thomas Janka, Alexander Summa, Robert Bollig, Andreas Marek, and Bernhard Müller. "Exploring the explosion mechanism of core-collapse supernovae in three dimensions." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 12, S329 (November 2016): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921317001181.

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AbstractWe present the first successful simulations of neutrino-driven supernova explosions in three dimensions (3D) using the Vertex-Prometheus code including sophisticated energy-dependent neutrino transport. The simulated models of 9.6 and 20 solar-mass iron-core stars demonstrate that successful explosions can be obtained in self-consistent 3D simulations, where previous models have failed. New insights into the supernova mechanism can be gained from these explosions. The first 3D model (Melson et al. 2015a) explodes at the same time but more energetically than its axially symmetric (2D) counterpart. Turbulent energy cascading reduces the kinetic energy dissipation in the cooling layer and therefore suppresses neutrino cooling. The consequent inward shift of the gain radius increases the gain layer mass, whose recombination energy provides the surplus for the explosion energy.The second explosion (Melson et al. 2015b) is obtained through a moderate reduction of the neutral-current neutrino opacity motivated by strange-quark contributions to the nucleon spin. A corresponding reference model without these corrections failed, which demonstrates how close current 3D models are to explosion. The strangeness adjustment is meant as a prototype for remaining neutrino opacity uncertainties.

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7

Marchant, Pablo, and Takashi J. Moriya. "The impact of stellar rotation on the black hole mass-gap from pair-instability supernovae." Astronomy & Astrophysics 640 (August 2020): L18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038902.

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Models of pair-instability supernovae (PISNe) predict a gap in black hole (BH) masses between ∼45 M⊙ and 120 M⊙, which is referred to as the upper BH mass-gap. With the advent of gravitational-wave astrophysics, it has become possible to test this prediction, and there is an important associated effort to understand which theoretical uncertainties modify the boundaries of this gap. In this work we study the impact of rotation on the hydrodynamics of PISNe, which leave no compact remnant, as well as the evolution of pulsational-PISNe (PPISNe), which undergo thermonuclear eruptions before forming a compact object. We perform simulations of nonrotating and rapidly rotating stripped helium stars in a metal-poor environment (Z⊙/50) in order to resolve the lower edge of the upper mass-gap. We find that the outcome of our simulations is dependent on the efficiency of angular momentum transport: models that include efficient coupling through the Spruit-Tayler dynamo shift the lower edge of the mass-gap upward by ∼4%, while simulations that do not include this effect shift it upward by ∼15%. From this, we expect that the lower edge of the upper mass-gap is dependent on BH spin, which can be tested as the number of observed BH mergers increases. Moreover, we show that stars undergoing PPISNe have extended envelopes (R ∼ 10 − 1000 R⊙) at iron-core collapse, making them promising progenitors for ultra-long gamma-ray bursts.

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8

Ghosal, Abhisek, Stefan Jellbauer, Rubina Kapadia, Manuela Raffatellu, and Hamid M. Said. "Salmonellainfection inhibits intestinal biotin transport: cellular and molecular mechanisms." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 309, no. 2 (July 15, 2015): G123—G131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00112.2015.

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Infection with the nontyphoidal Salmonella is a common cause of food-borne disease that leads to acute gastroenteritis/diarrhea. Severe/prolonged cases of Salmonella infection could also impact host nutritional status, but little is known about its effect on intestinal absorption of vitamins, including biotin. We examined the effect of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ( S. typhimurium) infection on intestinal biotin uptake using in vivo (streptomycin-pretreated mice) and in vitro [mouse (YAMC) and human (NCM460) colonic epithelial cells, and human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells] models. The results showed that infecting mice with wild-type S. typhimurium, but not with its nonpathogenic isogenic invA spiB mutant, leads to a significant inhibition in jejunal/colonic biotin uptake and in level of expression of the biotin transporter, sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter. In contrast, infecting YAMC, NCM460, and Caco-2 cells with S. typhimurium did not affect biotin uptake. These findings suggest that the effect of S. typhimurium infection is indirect and is likely mediated by proinflammatory cytokines, the levels of which were markedly induced in the intestine of S. typhimurium-infected mice. Consistent with this hypothesis, exposure of NCM460 cells to the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ led to a significant inhibition of biotin uptake, sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter expression, and activity of the SLC5A6 promoter. The latter effects appear to be mediated, at least in part, via the NF-κB signaling pathway. These results demonstrate that S. typhimurium infection inhibits intestinal biotin uptake, and that the inhibition is mediated via the action of proinflammatory cytokines.

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9

Lew, Virgilio L., and Robert M. Bookchin. "Ion Transport Pathology in the Mechanism of Sickle Cell Dehydration." Physiological Reviews 85, no. 1 (January 2005): 179–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00052.2003.

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Polymers of deoxyhemoglobin S deform sickle cell anemia red blood cells into sickle shapes, leading to the formation of dense, dehydrated red blood cells with a markedly shortened life-span. Nearly four decades of intense research in many laboratories has led to a mechanistic understanding of the complex events leading from sickling-induced permeabilization of the red cell membrane to small cations, to the generation of the heterogeneity of age and hydration condition of circulating sickle cells. This review follows chronologically the major experimental findings and the evolution of guiding ideas for research in this field. Predictions derived from mathematical models of red cell and reticulocyte homeostasis led to the formulation of an alternative to prevailing gradualist views: a multitrack dehydration model based on interactive influences between the red cell anion exchanger and two K+transporters, the Gardos channel (hSK4, hIK1) and the K-Cl cotransporter (KCC), with differential effects dependent on red cell age and variability of KCC expression among reticulocytes. The experimental tests of the model predictions and the amply supportive results are discussed. The review concludes with a brief survey of the therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing sickle cell dehydration and with an analysis of the main open questions in the field.

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10

Cubells, Jerònia, Oriol Marquet, and Carme Miralles-Guasch. "Gender and Age Differences in Metropolitan Car Use. Recent Gender Gap Trends in Private Transport." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 5, 2020): 7286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187286.

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Urban mobility is currently undergoing significant changes in cities worldwide, as gendered mobilities are converging and automobility is on a downward trend among younger cohorts. The aim of this study was to examine the dynamics of gendered mobilities over generations and across three different urban contexts in the Barcelona Metropolitan Region (northeast Spain), in an effort to understand whether the mobility gender gap is closing and whether young adults have lowered their private transport levels. Generalized linear models were built to analyze travel survey data from the Working Day Mobility Survey (EMEF) to comprehend mobility changes between 2008 and 2018. The study identified a generational countertrend among new generations of young adults, who reported more sustainable mobility practices than their predecessors. Furthermore, results show a general trend towards gender convergence of travel behavior on the outskirts of the Barcelona Metropolitan Region, but also a tendency towards gender divergence in the core area of Barcelona City. Since the mobility gender gap is closer to convergence in those areas where private transport use is more widespread, future efforts towards achieving climate objectives should aim at decoupling such gender convergence from car-dependent built environments.

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11

Iqbal, Muhammad Naveed, Lauri Kütt, Matti Lehtonen, Robert John Millar, Verner Püvi, Anton Rassõlkin, and Galina L. Demidova. "Travel Activity Based Stochastic Modelling of Load and Charging State of Electric Vehicles." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (February 2, 2021): 1550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031550.

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The uptake of electric vehicles (EV) is increasing every year and will eventually replace the traditional transport system in the near future. This imminent increase is urging stakeholders to plan up-gradation in the electric power system infrastructure. However, for efficient planning to support an additional load, an accurate assessment of the electric vehicle load and power quality indices is required. Although several EV models to estimate the charging profile and additional electrical load are available, but they are not capable of providing a high-resolution evaluation of charging current, especially at a higher frequency. This paper presents a probabilistic approach capable of estimating the time-dependent charging and harmonic currents for the future EV load. The model is based on the detailed travel activities of the existing car owners reported in the travel survey. The probability distribution functions of departure time, distance, arrival time, and time span are calculated. The charging profiles are based on the measurements of several EVs.

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12

Mondal, Prakash Chandra, Claudio Fontanesi, David H. Waldeck, and Ron Naaman. "Spin-Dependent Transport through Chiral Molecules Studied by Spin-Dependent Electrochemistry." Accounts of Chemical Research 49, no. 11 (October 24, 2016): 2560–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00446.

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13

Brose, R., M. Pohl, I. Sushch, O. Petruk, and T. Kuzyo. "Cosmic-ray acceleration and escape from post-adiabatic supernova remnants." Astronomy & Astrophysics 634 (February 2020): A59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936567.

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Context. Supernova remnants are known to accelerate cosmic rays on account of their nonthermal emission of radio waves, X-rays, and gamma rays. Although there are many models for the acceleration of cosmic rays in supernova remnants, the escape of cosmic rays from these sources has not yet been adequately studied. Aims. We aim to use our time-dependent acceleration code RATPaC to study the acceleration of cosmic rays and their escape in post-adiabatic supernova remnants and calculate the subsequent gamma-ray emission from inverse-Compton scattering and Pion decay. Methods. We performed spherically symmetric 1D simulations in which we simultaneously solved the transport equations for cosmic rays, magnetic turbulence, and the hydrodynamical flow of the thermal plasma in a volume large enough to keep all cosmic rays in the simulation. The transport equations for cosmic rays and magnetic turbulence were coupled via the cosmic-ray gradient and the spatial diffusion coefficient of the cosmic rays, while the cosmic-ray feedback onto the shock structure can be ignored. Our simulations span 100 000 years, thus covering the free-expansion, the Sedov–Taylor, and the beginning of the post-adiabatic phase of the remnant’s evolution. Results. At later stages of the evolution, cosmic rays over a wide range of energy can reside outside of the remnant, creating spectra that are softer than predicted by standard diffusive shock acceleration, and feature breaks in the 10 − 100 GeV-range. The total spectrum of cosmic rays released into the interstellar medium has a spectral index of s ≈ 2.4 above roughly 10 GeV which is close to that required by Galactic propagation models. We further find the gamma-ray luminosity to peak around an age of 4000 years for inverse-Compton-dominated high-energy emission. Remnants expanding in low-density media generally emit more inverse-Compton radiation, matching the fact that the brightest known supernova remnants – RCW86, Vela Jr., HESS J1731−347 and RX J1713.7−3946 – are all expanding in low density environments.

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14

Di Stefano, R., R. Voss, and J. Claeys. "Spin-Up/Spin-Down Models." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 7, S281 (July 2011): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921312014706.

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AbstractAngular momentum transport plays an important role in mass transfer systems, and can significantly spin up an accreting star. When the accretor is a white dwarf (WD) on its way to becoming a Type Ia supernova (SN Ia), the spin up of the WD can have significant consequences for the appearance of the progenitor, the characteristics of the explosion and its aftermath, the geometry of the supernova remnant, and for single-degenerate models, the appearance of the donor star post-explosion. These consequences can be “game changers”, altering results that have long been taken for granted. We discuss key features of our spin-up/spin-down models and their implications. We relate our models to work still needed to address the difficult physical issues related to angular momentum transport and its effects on the properties and appearance of Type Ia supernova progenitors.

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15

Maekawa, S. "Spin-dependent transport in magnetic nanostructures." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 272-276 (May 2004): E1459—E1463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.04.091.

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16

Walczak, Kamil, and Gloria Platero. "Spin-dependent transport through magnetic nanojunctions." Open Physics 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2006): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11534-005-0004-8.

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AbstractCoherent electronic transport through a molecular device is studied using non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism. Such device is made of atomic nanowire which is connected to ferromagnetic electrodes. The molecule itself is described with the help of Hubbard model (Coulomb interactions are treated by means of the Hartree-Fock approximation), while the coupling to the electrodes is modeled through the use of a broad-band theory. It was shown that magnetoresistance varies periodically with increasing length of the atomic wire (in the linear response regime) and oscillates with increasing bias voltage (in the nonlinear response regime). Since the TMR effect for analyzed structures is predicted to be large (tens of percent), these junctions seem to be suitable for application as magnetoresistive elements in future electronic circuits.

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17

Useinov, N. Kh, A. P. Chuklanov, D. A. Bizyaev, N. I. Nurgazizov, and A. A. Bukharaev. "Spin-Dependent Electron Transport in MeRAM." Physics of the Solid State 62, no. 9 (September 2020): 1706–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063783420090310.

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18

Sun, Shih-Jye. "Spin-dependent transport in organic-ferromagnets." European Physical Journal B 72, no. 3 (November 3, 2009): 423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2009-00371-4.

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19

Daughton, J. M., A. V. Pohm, R. T. Fayfield, and C. H. Smith. "Applications of spin dependent transport materials." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 32, no. 22 (November 12, 1999): R169—R177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/32/22/201.

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20

Schuhl, Alain, and Daniel Lacour. "Spin dependent transport: GMR & TMR." Comptes Rendus Physique 6, no. 9 (November 2005): 945–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crhy.2005.10.010.

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21

Maekawa, S., and J. Inoue. "Spin-dependent transport in magnetic nanostructures." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 156, no. 1-3 (April 1996): 315–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(95)00881-0.

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22

Ansermet, J. P. "Thermodynamic Description of Spin Mixing in Spin-Dependent Transport." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 44, no. 3 (March 2008): 329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2007.914653.

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23

Rosner, J. L. "SPIN DEPENDENT FORCES IN QUARK MODELS." Le Journal de Physique Colloques 46, no. C2 (February 1985): C2–77—C2–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:1985208.

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24

Jüngel, Ansgar, Polina Shpartko, and Nicola Zamponi. "Energy-transport models for spin transport in ferromagnetic semiconductors." Communications in Mathematical Sciences 15, no. 6 (2017): 1527–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4310/cms.2017.v15.n6.a3.

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25

Smit, Watske, Dirk R. De Waart, Dirk G. Struijk, and Raymond T. Krediet. "Peritoneal Transport Characteristics with Glycerol-Based Dialysate in Peritoneal Dialysis." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 20, no. 5 (September 2000): 557–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686080002000511.

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Background Glycerol is a low molecular weight solute (MW 92 D) that can be used as an osmotic agent in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Due to its low molecular weight, the osmotic gradient disappears rapidly. Despite the higher osmolality at the beginning of a dwell, ultrafiltration has been found to be lower for glycerol compared to glucose (MW 180 D) when equimolar concentrations are used. Previous studies have shown glycerol to be safe for long-term use, but some discrepancies have been reported in small solute transport and protein loss. Objective To assess permeability characteristics for a 1.4% glycerol dialysis solution compared to 1.36% glucose. Design Two standardized peritoneal permeability analyses (SPA), one using 1.4% glycerol and the other using 1.36% glucose, in random order, were performed within a span of 2 weeks in 10 stable CAPD patients. The length of the study dwell was 4 hours. Fluid kinetics and solute transport were calculated and signs of cell damage were compared for the two solutions. Setting Peritoneal dialysis unit in the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam. Results Median values for the 1.4% glycerol SPA were as follows: net ultrafiltration 251 mL, which was higher than that for 1.36% glucose (12 mL, p < 0.01); transcapillary ultrafiltration rate 2.12 mL/min, which was higher than that for glucose (1.52 mL/min, p = 0.01); and effective lymphatic absorption rate 1.01 mL/min, which was not different from the glucose-based solution. Calculation of peritoneal reflection coefficients for glycerol and glucose showed lower values for glycerol compared to glucose (0.03 vs 0.04, calculated with both the convection and the diffusion models). A marked dip in dialysate-to-plasma ratio for sodium was seen in the 1.4% glycerol exchange, suggesting uncoupled water transport through water channels. Mass transfer area coefficients for urea, creatinine, and urate were similar for both solutions. Also, clearances of the macromolecules P2-microglobulin, albumin, IgG, and α2-macroglobulin were not different for the two osmotic agents. The median absorption was higher for glycerol, 71% compared to 49% for glucose ( p < 0.01), as could be expected from the lower molecular weight. The use of a 1.4% glycerol solution during a 4-hour dwell caused a small but significant median rise in plasma glycerol, from 0.22 mmol/L to 0.45 mmol/L ( p = 0.02). Dialysate cancer antigen 125 and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentrations during the dwell were not different for both solutions. Conclusions These findings show that glycerol is an effective osmotic agent that can replace glucose in short dwells and show no acute mesothelial damage. The higher net ultrafiltration obtained with 1.4% glycerol can be explained by the higher initial net osmotic pressure gradient. This was seen especially in the first hour of the dwell. Thereafter, the osmotic gradient diminished as a result of absorption. The dip in dialysate-to-plasma ratio for sodium seen in the glycerol dwell can also be explained by this high initial osmotic pressure gradient, implying that the effect of glycerol as an osmotic agent is more dependent on intact water channels than is glucose.

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Bournel, A. "Spin-dependent transport phenomena in a HEMT." Physica B: Condensed Matter 272, no. 1-4 (December 1, 1999): 331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4526(99)00298-7.

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27

Wei, J. H., Y. Guo, S. J. Xie, L. M. Mei, and YiJing Yan. "Spin-dependent charge transport in organic semiconductors." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 29 (January 1, 2006): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/29/1/018.

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Seager, C. H., E. L. Venturini, and W. K. Schubert. "Spin‐dependent transport at silicon grain boundaries." Journal of Applied Physics 71, no. 10 (May 15, 1992): 5059–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350607.

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Merodio, P., A. Kalitsov, H. Béa, V. Baltz, and M. Chshiev. "Spin-dependent transport in antiferromagnetic tunnel junctions." Applied Physics Letters 105, no. 12 (September 22, 2014): 122403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4896291.

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Zhao, B., I. Mönch, T. Mühl, H. Vinzelberg, and C. M. Schneider. "Spin-dependent transport in multiwalled carbon nanotubes." Journal of Applied Physics 91, no. 10 (2002): 7026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1452227.

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Lan, Jin, Wen-Quan Sui, and Xuean Zhao. "Exchange effects on spin-dependent ac transport." Applied Physics Letters 100, no. 6 (February 6, 2012): 062405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3682311.

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32

Milner, A., A. Gerber, B. Groisman, M. Karpovsky, and A. Gladkikh. "Spin-Dependent Electronic Transport in Granular Ferromagnets." Physical Review Letters 76, no. 3 (January 15, 1996): 475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.76.475.

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Gillingham, D. M., C. Müller, and J. A. C. Bland. "Spin dependent transport effects in Cu nanowires." Journal of Applied Physics 95, no. 11 (June 2004): 6995–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1689907.

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Weymann, I., S. Krompiewski, and J. Barnaś. "Spin-Dependent Transport Through Graphene Quantum Dots." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 12, no. 9 (September 1, 2012): 7525–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2012.6532.

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Zhou, Shengqiang, Markus Berndt, Danilo Bürger, Viton Heera, Kay Potzger, Gintautas Abrasonis, György Radnóczi, et al. "Spin-dependent transport in nanocomposite C:co films." Acta Materialia 57, no. 16 (September 2009): 4758–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2009.06.035.

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Laloë, J. B., T. Yang, T. Kimura, and Y. Otani. "Spin-dependent transport in a nanopillar non-local spin valve." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 321, no. 22 (November 2009): 3829–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2009.07.045.

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Liu, Genhua, Yonghai Chen, Yu Liu, Caihong Jia, and Zhanguo Wang. "Spin-dependent transport and spin polarization in coupled quantum wells." Journal of Applied Physics 104, no. 6 (September 15, 2008): 064321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2981204.

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Jathar, S. H., N. M. Donahue, P. J. Adams, and A. L. Robinson. "Testing secondary organic aerosol models using smog chamber data for complex precursor mixtures: influence of precursor volatility and molecular structure." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 11 (June 11, 2014): 5771–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5771-2014.

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Abstract:

Abstract. We use secondary organic aerosol (SOA) production data from an ensemble of unburned fuels measured in a smog chamber to test various SOA formation models. The evaluation considered data from 11 different fuels including gasoline, multiple diesels, and various jet fuels. The fuels are complex mixtures of species; they span a wide range of volatility and molecular structure to provide a challenging test for the SOA models. We evaluated three different versions of the SOA model used in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. The simplest and most widely used version of that model only accounts for the volatile species (species with less than or equal to 12 carbons) in the fuels. It had very little skill in predicting the observed SOA formation (R2 = 0.04, fractional error = 108%). Incorporating all of the lower-volatility fuel species (species with more than 12 carbons) into the standard CMAQ SOA model did not improve model performance significantly. Both versions of the CMAQ SOA model over-predicted SOA formation from a synthetic jet fuel and under-predicted SOA formation from diesels because of an overly simplistic representation of the SOA formation from alkanes that did not account for the effects of molecular size and structure. An extended version of the CMAQ SOA model that accounted for all organics and the influence of molecular size and structure of alkanes reproduced the experimental data. This underscores the importance of accounting for all low-volatility organics and information on alkane molecular size and structure in SOA models. We also investigated fitting an SOA model based solely on the volatility of the precursor mixture to the experimental data. This model could describe the observed SOA formation with relatively few free parameters, demonstrating the importance of precursor volatility for SOA formation. The exceptions were exotic fuels such as synthetic jet fuel that expose the central assumption of the volatility-dependent model that most emissions consist of complex mixtures with similar distribution of molecular classes. Despite its shortcomings, SOA formation as a function of volatility may be sufficient for modeling SOA formation in chemical transport models.

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Sattari, F., and E. Faizabadi. "Spin transport and wavevector-dependent spin filtering through magnetic graphene superlattice." Solid State Communications 179 (February 2014): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2013.11.014.

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Yu-Xian, Li. "Spin-dependent quantum transport through an Aharonov–Bohm structure spin splitter." Chinese Physics B 17, no. 8 (August 2008): 3058–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/17/8/048.

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Mizuno, Yosuke, Shinobu Ohya, Pham Nam Hai, and Masaaki Tanaka. "Spin-dependent transport properties in GaMnAs-based spin hot-carrier transistors." Applied Physics Letters 90, no. 16 (April 16, 2007): 162505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2724771.

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Sawa, A. "Spin-dependent transport in La0.67Sr0.33MnO3/YBa2Cu3O7−δ junctions." Physica B: Condensed Matter 284-288 (July 2000): 493–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4526(99)02085-2.

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Lips, Klaus, and Walther Fuhs. "Spin-dependent transport and recombination in a-Si:H." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 137-138 (January 1991): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3093(05)80104-8.

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Rezania, H. "Field dependent spin transport of anisotropic Heisenberg chain." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 403 (April 2016): 146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.11.092.

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Deng, Lidong, Chenhui Zhang, and Gang Xiang. "Spin-dependent transport in GaAs nanowire-based devices." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 441 (November 2017): 678–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2017.03.032.

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Petrzhik, A. M., V. V. Demidov, G. A. Ovsyannikov, I. V. Borisenko, and A. V. Shadrin. "Spin-dependent electron transport in manganite bicrystal junctions." Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics 115, no. 5 (November 2012): 876–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063776112100093.

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Wang, Qiang, Hai-Qing Xie, Hu-Jun Jiao, Zhi-Jian Li, and Yi-Hang Nie. "Spin-dependent thermoelectric transport through double quantum dots." Chinese Physics B 21, no. 11 (November 2012): 117310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/21/11/117310.

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Matsuyama, K., Y. Sawamoto, and K. Nishihata. "Spin-dependent CPP transport in SnOx/Co multilayers." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 198-199 (June 1999): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-8853(98)00621-0.

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Cao, Zhen-Zhou, Guan-Qiang Li, Jin Hou, and Yan-Fu Cheng. "Strain-modulation of spin-dependent transport in graphene." Applied Physics Letters 105, no. 17 (October 27, 2014): 172407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4900837.

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Masuko, K., A. Ashida, T. Yoshimura, and N. Fujimura. "Spin-dependent transport in a ZnMnO∕ZnO heterostructure." Journal of Applied Physics 103, no. 7 (April 2008): 07D124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2837882.

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