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1
Zarinelli, Elia. "Spin-glass models and interdisciplinary applications." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00683603.
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Le sujet principal de cette thèse est la physique des verres de spin. Les verres de spin ont été introduits au début des années 70 pour décrire alliages magnétiques diluées. Ils ont désormais été considerés pour comprendre le comportement de liquides sousrefroidis. Parmis les systèmes qui peuvent être décrits par le langage des systèmes desordonnés, on trouve les problèmes d'optimisation combinatoire. Dans la première partie de cette thèse, nous considérons les modèles de verre de spin avec intéraction de Kac pour investiguer la phase de basse température des liquides sous-refroidis. Dans les chapitres qui suivent, nous montrons comment certaines caractéristiques des modèles de verre de spin peuvent être obtenues à partir de résultats de la théorie des matrices aléatoires en connection avec la statistique des valeurs extrêmes. Dans la dernière partie de la thèse, nous considérons la connexion entre la théorie desverres de spin et la science computationnelle, et présentons un nouvel algorithme qui peut être appliqué à certains problèmes dans le domaine des finances.
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Lee, Lik Wee. "Critical behaviour of spin glass models /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Jelbert, Glenton Robert. "Impedance spectroscopy in spin glass cuprates." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611101.
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Düring, Alexander. "Temporal aspects of spin-glass neural networks." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325892.
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Viana, L. "Phase diagrams for spin glasses." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356116.
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Wedagedera, J. R. "Mathematical aspects of some mean field spin glass models." Thesis, Swansea University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.639374.
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In Chapter 2 we review the first theoretical model for spin glasses proposed by Edwards and Anderson [25, 26], the Sherrington Kirkpatrick Model [69, 70], Parisi's heuristic scheme [57] proposed to solve the SK model and Derrida's Random Energy Model (REM) [9, 10]. In Chapter 3 we state some well known theorems from the main probabilistic tool that we use, namely the Large Deviation Theory (LDT) and also some related convexity results. The free energies of the mean-field Ising model and the REM are rigorously derived as examples. In Chapter 4 a separable spin glass model which was solved by van Hemmen et al [78] using LDT, is rigorously treated. The almost sure convergence criteria associated with the cumulant generating function C(t) with respect to the quenched random ξ is carefully investigated and the free-energy is re-derived using LD arguments. This work has been accepted for publication in the Journal of Applied Mathematics and Stochastic Analysis [22]. The solutions of the Ising model and an Ising spin glass model on Cayley trees are discussed in Chapter 5. The directed polymer problem on Cayley trees and its solution by Derrida and Spohn [14] via the Generalized REM is also discussed. In Chapter 6 we solve rigorously a spin glass problem on a Cayley tree with higher-order ferromagnetic interactions. Using a level-I large deviation argument together with the martingale approach used by Buffet, Patrick and Pulé [3], explicit expressions for the free energy are derived in different regions of the phase diagram. Sourlas [71] discovered a connection between the REM and the error correcting codes used in telecommunications. The results obtained in Chapter 3 and Chapter 6 are being used in investigate this idea in Chapter 7. In Chapter 8 we discuss a computer simulation which uses the method of coincidence counting [49], to compute the entropy of the spin glass model which we treated in Chapter 5.
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Cuzzuol, Nitya. "Applicazione del metodo delle repliche al modello di spin glass." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21594/.
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Lo scopo di questa tesi è quello di illustrare il metodo delle repliche (replica trick) per
analizzare la teoria dei modelli di spin glass. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo si partirà
da un generico modello di Ising delle interazioni ferromagnetiche e paramagnetiche, per
poi passare, tramite il modello dei vetri di spin di Edward e Anderson, alla risoluzione del
modello di Sherrington e Kirkpatrick, di cui verrà discussa prima una soluzione simmetrica
e poi quella di rottura della simmetria. Per concludere verrà proposta un’applicazione del
metodo delle repliche nel campo della biologia, per poi confrontarla con quanto esposto
precedentemente. In particolare, utilizzando un modello di neuroni e sinapsi schematizzato
usando il formalismo degli spin, verrà utilizzato il metodo delle repliche per descrivere il
processo alla base della memoria associativa.
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Blanco, Agnes M. Padovani. "Low dielectric constant porous spin-on glass for microelectronic applications." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11840.
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Duffield, Toby. "A study of magnetocaloric effects in two spin glass alloys." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/37678.
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Gold, Jacob Mitchell. "Self-organized fine-tuned response in a driven spin glass." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/130835.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mathematics, February, 2021Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 83-89).
In this thesis, I investigate the principles that that can be used to predict the behavior of a many-bodied system when an external drive is applied. I consider a spin glass as a prototypical model of such a system, and investigate these principles through simulation. I find that spins differentiate into slow spins which decouple from the drive and fast spins which couple more strongly to the drive, resulting in macroscopic quantities like work absorption rate and internal energy decreasing as compared to the near-equilibrium distribution. Which spins fall into which categories is specific to a particular realization of the external drive; changing to another drive changes which spins are fast and which are slow, revealing a drive-specific adaptation. I investigate limits on the memory of the system, and demonstrate the system's capability to identify changes in real-world images.
by Jacob Mitchell Gold.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mathematics
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Khoshbakht, Hamid [Verfasser]. "The two-dimensional Ising spin glass at zero temperature / Hamid Khoshbakht." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1179820118/34.
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Cayless, Alan Thomas. "A squid-based calorimeter used to study ternary spin glass systems." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/37960.
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Sevelev, Maxime. "Phase diagram, jamming and glass transitions in the non-convex perceptron." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS331.
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Cette thèse de doctorat traite du « modèle de perceptron sphérique », un modèle simple et exactement soluble qui présente un comportement visqueux et d'encombrement qui a été généralisé aux valeurs négatives du paramètre de produit scalaire κ. Le problème classique d'apprentissage par machine qui consiste en la classification des motifs aléatoires par le perceptron fait partie des problèmes de satisfaction des contraintes (PSC) convexes. Même quand le « paramètre de stabilité » du modèle κ devient négatif, le problème reste toujours correctement posé et peut être interprété comme le problème de placement des particules sur une sphère N-dimensionnelle en évitant les obstacles placés au hasard. Dans ce cas, le PSC correspondant n'est pas convexe. Cette thèse étudie le problème en détail dans le domaine non convexe. Une étude systématique est rendue possible en faisant correspondre à un problème de satisfaction de contraintes un problème d'optimisation sur le même support, mais doté d'un Hamiltonien (fonction de coût) qui mesure les violations des contraintes en fonction de la configuration du système. Le lien entre le PSC aléatoire et la phénoménologie vitreuse en physique est bien connue et a été explorée en détail pour les modèles à variables discrètes. La présence de variables continues dans le modèle de perceptron (sphérique) nous permet de dévoiler, en PSC aléatoire, la transition caractéristique SAT/UNSAT où le système subit une transition du régime satisfaisable (dans lequel l'état fondamental possède une énergie nulle) à celui insatisfaisable (dans lequel l'état fondamental possède une énergie positive). Cette transition de phase peut également être interprétée comme une transition d'encombrement similaire à celles démontrées par les modèles des sphères sans friction. La simplicité du modèle étudié permet de trouver exactement son diagramme de phase à température zéro en fonction des deux paramètres de contrôle: la densité des obstacles et leur taille. Ainsi identifiée, la transition d'encombrement est complètement caractérisée dans le présent document. Sont également étudiées en détail de diverses phases vitreuses de caractère stable et marginalThis thesis treats the «spherical perceptron model», a simple exactly solvable model for glassy behavior and jamming suitably generalized to negative values of scalar product parameter κ. The classical machine-learning problem of random pattern classification by the perceptron is a convex constraint satisfaction problem (CSP). Even when the «stability parameter» κ of the model becomes negative, the problem still make sense and can be interpreted as the problem of particles on an N-dimensional sphere trying to avoid randomly placed obstacles. In this case, the corresponding CSP is non-convex. This thesis studies the problem in detail in the non-convex domain. Systematic study is made possible by assigning to a constraint satisfaction problem its corresponding optimization version endowed with a Hamiltonian function (cost function) quantifying the violations of the constraints, as a function of the system's configuration. The connection between random CSP and glassy phenomenology in physics is well known and has been explored in detail for models with discrete variables. The presence of continuous variables in the (spherical) perceptron model enables us to unveil, in random CSP, the characteristic SAT/UNSAT transition where the system transits from the satisfiable regime (where the ground state has zero energy) to the unsatisfiable one (where the ground state energy is positive). This phase transition can also be interpreted as a jamming transition similar to the one that exhibit models with frictionless spheres. The simplicity of the considered model allows the exact determination of the zero temperature phase diagram as a function of the control parameters: the density of obstacles and their size. In the present thesis, the jamming transition thus identified is completely characterized and several glass phases of stable and marginal character are studied in detail
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Kenneway, Debra A. "An Investigation of the Two-Dimensional Ising Spin Glass Using Information Theoretic Measures." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2005. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/KennewayDA2005.pdf.
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Caputo, Barbara. "A new kernel method for object recognition : spin glass-Markov random fields /." Stockholm, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-58.
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Hudl, Matthias. "Magnetic materials with tunable thermal, electrical, and dynamic properties : An experimental study of magnetocaloric, multiferroic, and spin-glass materials." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fasta tillståndets fysik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-168986.
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This thesis concerns and combines the results of experimental studies of magnetocaloric, multiferroic and spin-glass materials, using SQUID magnetometry as the main characteriza-tion technique. The magnetocaloric effect offers an interesting new technology for cooling and heating applications. The studies of magnetocaloric materials in this thesis are focused on experimen-tal characterization of fundamental magnetic properties of Fe2P-based materials. These are promising magnetocaloric materials with potential industrial use. It is found that the magneto-caloric properties of Fe2P can be optimally tuned by substitution of manganese for iron and silicon for phosphorus. Furthermore, a simple device to measure the magnetocaloric effect in terms of the adiabatic temperature change was constructed. Materials that simultaneously exhibit different types of ferroic order, for example magnetic and electrical order, are rare in nature. Among these multiferroic materials, those in which the ferroelectricity is magnetically-induced, or vice versa the magnetism is electrically-induced, are intensively studied due to a need for new functionalities in future data storage and logic devices. This thesis presents results on two materials: Co3TeO6 and Ba3NbFe3Si2O14, which belong to the group of magnetically-induced ferroelectrics and exhibit strong coupling be-tween the magnetic and the electrical order parameter. Their ordering properties were studied using magnetic and electrical measurement techniques. The coupling between the magnetic and electronic degrees of freedom was investigated using high-field and low-temperature Raman spectroscopy. Spin-glass materials exhibit complex magnetism and disorder. The influence of the spin dimensionality on the low and high magnetic field properties of spin glasses was investigated by studying model Heisenberg, XY and Ising spin-glass systems. Significant differences were found between the non-equilibrium dynamics and the hysteresis behavior of Heisenberg systems compared to those of XY and Ising spin glasses.
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Fullerton, Christopher James. "An investigation into growing correlation lengths in glassy systems." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/an-investigation-into-growing-correlation-lengths-in-glassy-systems(ff3d3d77-7034-4c0a-9591-0378005f0da1).html.
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In this thesis Moore and Yeo's proposed mapping of the structural glass to the Ising spin glass in a random field is presented. In contrast to Random First Order Theory and Mode Coupling Theory, this mapping predicts that there should be no glass transition at finite temperature. However, a growing correlation length is predicted from the size of rearranging regions in the supercooled liquid, and from this a growing structural relaxation time is predicted. Also presented is a study of the propensity of binary fluids (i.e. fluids containing particles of two sizes) to phase separate into regions dominated by one type of particle only. Binary fluids like this are commonly used as model glass formers and the study shows that this phase separation behaviour is something that must be taken into account.The mapping relies on the use of replica theory and is therefore very opaque. Here a model is presented that may be mapped directly to a system of spins, and also prevents the process of phase separation from occurring in binary fluids. The system of spins produced in the mapping is then analysed through the use of an effective Hamiltonian, which is in the universality class of the Ising spin glass in a random field. The behaviour of the correlation length depends on the spin-spin coupling J and the strength of the random field h. The variation of these with packing fraction and temperature T is studied for a simple model, and the results extended to the full system. Finally a prediction is made for the critical exponents governing the correlation length and structural relaxation time.
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Alba, Venero Diego. "Super spin glass behaviour in diluted Fe-Au, Ag and Cu nanogranular thin films." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Cantabria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/334166.
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Es esta tesis se ha estudiado el comportamiento de las interacciones magnéticas en sistemas nanoparticulados de Fe disueltos en matriz diamagnética y metálica (concretamente Au, Ag y Cu) en forma de película delgada (espesor menor de 300 nm) con una baja concentración de Fe.
La aleaciones fueron depositadas mediante la técnica "DC-magnetron sputtering", produciendo muestras de alta calidad: altamente repetitivas y homogéneas. Para caracterizar dichas películas se han utilizados diversas técnicas, tanto estructurales (difracción de rayos X, microscopía electrónica de transmisión, espectroscopía de dispersión de rayos X, medidas de transporte eléctrico variando tanto la temperatura como el campo magnético aplicado) como magnéticas mediante un magnetómetro SQUID (ciclos de histéresis a distintas temperaturas, procesos de enfiamento sin y con campo (ZFC/FC) y susceptibilidad con campo magnético alterno) y con dicroísmo circular magnético de rayos X en los bordes de absorción L2,3 del Au.
En nuestro estudio en concreto, los resultados obtenidos han sido sorprendentes por dos motivos. El primero es la gran cantidad de interacciones existentes pese a la dilución (del orden del 10% at. en Fe), observando ciclos de histéresis a temperatura ambiente. Este comportamiento no había sido observado previamente en la literatura, remarcando la importancia de la nanoestructura, destruyendo la fase superparamagnética. El segundo resultado fuera de lo común es la obtención de fases tipo vidrio de espín en sistemas que clásicamente no lo admitian debido a su fuerte comportamiento kondo, como son las aleaciones de FeCu y FeAg. La existencia de nanopartículas magnéticas permite rodear este problema.
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Nakatsuka, Yuko. "Magnetic and Magneto-optical Properties of Transition Element-containing Amorphous Oxides." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225611.
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Etzkorn, Stephen J. "Magnetic relaxation in organic-based magnets." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1044548603.
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Thesis (Ph. D)--Ohio State University, 2003.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 134 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Arthur J. Epstein, Dept. of Physics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 128-134).
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Poderoso, Fabio Campos. "Ecossistemas de replicadores: uma abordagem via mecânica estatística de sistemas desordenados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76131/tde-18122007-135412/.
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Nesta tese utilizamos o modelo do replicador aleatório, proposto por Diederich e Opper, para analisar as propriedades de equilíbrio de ecossistemas complexos (formados por um grande número de espécies) em três situações distintas. Na primeira parte desta tese, investigamos os efeitos de interações variáveis sobre a estrutura do ecossistema, utilizando o método de réplicas generalizado, introduzido por Penney et al. Este formalismo propõe uma nova interpretação para o índice de réplicas n, a saber, como sendo a razão entre duas temperaturas características: a temperatura relacionada aos acoplamento e a temperatura associada às variáveis de spin. Empregando t\\\'ecnicas de campo m\\\'edio de Mec\\^anica Estat\\\'stica e tamb\\\'em simula\\c\\~oes num\\\'ericas tratamos, em particular, do estado fundamental ($\\beta ightarrow + \\infty$). Encontramos dois regimes distintos, um onde prevalece a coopera\\c\\~ao entre as diferentes esp\\\'ecies ($\\beta^{\\prime} > 0$) e outro no qual a competi\\c\\~ao \\\'e predominante ($\\beta^ < 0$). No primeiro caso temos uma transi\\c\\~ao descont\\\'{\\i}nua para um regime de diversidade nula e no outro temos uma m\\\'axima diversidade das esp\\\'ecies. Na segunda parte desta tese \\cite, estudamos as implica\\c\\~oes de uma temperatura finita sobre a estrutura do ecossistema. Utilizamos a regra de Hebb para descrever as intera\\c\\~oes entre as diferentes esp\\\'ecies. A temperatura surge, no modelo, atrav\\\'es de um ru\\\'do gaussiano introduzido na equa\\c\\~ao estoc\\\'astica que rege a din\\^amica do processo. Tratamos analiticamente o caso recozido ({\\em annealed}), no qual as caracter\\\'sticas das esp\\\'ecies evoluem t\\~ao rapidamente quanto suas concentra\\c\\~oes, e o caso temperado ({\\em quenched}), onde tais caracter\\\'sticas est\\~ao fixas. Conclu\\\'{\\i}mos que h\\\'a uma transi\\c\\~ao de fase descont\\\'{\\i}nua entre um estado onde a competi\\c\\~ao prevalece, determinando baixa diversidade, para outro estado onde predomina a coopera\\c\\~ao. Por fim \\cite, analisamos as poss\\\'veis consequ\\^encias de uma interven\\c\\~ao humana sobre as propriedades de equil\\\'{\\i}brio do ecossistema. Admitimos o princ\\\'pio da exclus\\~ao competitiva para modelar os acoplamentos entre as diferentes esp\\\'ecies, a regra de Hebb. Interferimos na comunidade impondo que um conjunto de caracteres, selecionados previamente, esteja presente em uma fra\\c\\~ao bem definida dos seus membros. O principal resultado deste estudo revela, desde que o par\\^ametro de competi\\c\\~ao entre indiv\\\'duos semelhantes n\\~ao seja muito pequeno, que o efeito de uma tal manipula\\c\\~ao conduz a perda da diversidade e, portanto, ao empobrecimento do ecossistema.In this thesis we use the random replicator model, proposed by Diederich and Opper \\cite, to analyse the equilibrium properties of complex ecosystems (formed by a large number of species) in three distinct situations. In the first part of this thesis \\cite, we investigate the effects of variable interactions upon ecosystem structure, using the generalized replica method, introduced by Penney et al \\cite. In this formalism we find a new interpretation for the replica number $n$ as the ratio between two characteristic temperatures: the temperature related to the couplings ($\\beta^$) and the temperature associated to the spin variables ($\\beta$). We approach the problem using mean field methods of statistical mechanics and intensive numerical simulations; in particular we are concerned with the ground state ($\\beta ightarrow + \\infty$). We find two distinct regimes, one where cooperation between different species prevails ($\\beta^ > 0$) and the other in which competition is predominant ($\\beta^ < 0$). In the first case we have a discontinuous transition to the zero diversity regime and in the other we have the maximum species diversity. In the second part of this thesis \\cite, we examine the finite temperature implications upon ecosystem structure. Through the Hebb rule we can describe the interactions between different species. With the aid of a Gaussian noise in the stochastic equation, that governs the temporal evolution, we have a way to introduce the finite temperature in the model. We treat analytically the annealed case, in which the species characteristics evolve so fast as its concentrations, as well as the quenched case, in which such characteristics are fixed. We conclude that there is a discontinuous phase transition between a state where competition prevails, implying low diversity, to another state in which cooperation is stronger. At last \\cite, we analyse the possible consequences of human intervention upon the equilibrium properties of the ecosystem. We assume the competitive exclusion principle to model the couplings between different species, the Hebb rule. We interfere in the community by imposing that a set of characters, previously selected, be present in a well defined fraction of its members. The main result of this study reveals, provided that the intraspecies competition parameter is not too weak, that the effect of such a manipulation leads to the impoverishment of the ecosystem.
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BELLETTI, Francesco. "Monte Carlo Simulations of Spin Glasses on Cell Broadband Engine." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2388698.
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Several large-scale computational scientific problems require high-end computing systems to be solved. In the recent years, design of multi-core architectures delivers
on a single chip tens or hundreds Gflops of peak computing performance, with high power dissipation efficiency, and it makes available computational power previously available only on high-end multi-processor systems.
The aim of this Ph.D. thesis is to study the capability of multi-core processors for scientific programming, analyzing sustained performance, issues related to multicore
programming, data distribution, synchronization, in order to define a set of guideline rules to optimize scientific applications for this class of architectures.
As an example of multi-core processor, we consider the Cell Broadband Engine (CBE), developed by Sony, IBM and Toshiba. The CBE is one of the most powerful multi-core CPU current available, integrating eight cores and delivering a peak
performance of 200 Gflops in single precision and 100 Gflops in double precision. As case of study, we analyze the performances of CBE for Monte Carlo simulations of
the Edwards-Anderson Spin Glass model, a paradigm in theoretical and condensed matter physics, used to describe complex systems characterized by phase transitions
(such as the para-ferro transition in magnets) or model “frustrated” dynamics.
We descrive several strategies for the distribution of data set among on-chip and off-chip memories and propose analytic models to find out the balance between
computational and memory access time as a function of both algorithmic and architectural parameters. We use the analytic models to set the parameters of the algorithm, like for example size of data structures and scheduling of operations, to optimize execution of Monte Carlo spin glass simulations on the CBE architecture.
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RIQUELME, PINCHEIRA Pablo Isaias. "Theoretical and experimental study of the lévy statistics and photonic spin glass phase in random lasers." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2017. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/25654.
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Since Albert Einstein established the foundations for stimulated emission of radiation in 1916, he paved a long road that culminated in the beginning of the 1960s with the invention of the laser. In a conventional laser avoiding losses by light scattering is very important. However, this paradigm is broken by the theoretical proposal of Letokhov in 1968, which says that in a disordered with gain, the scattering of light plays a positive role increasing the dwell time of light in an active medium, thereby increasing the laser amplification. Due to the disordered nature of the materials used was adopted the name Random Lasers (RLs). Random lasers have taken a new boom because they have recently been exploited as a photonic platform for studies of complex systems. This thesis covers this interdisciplinary approach that opens important new avenues for understanding the behavior of random lasers. We recently studied the intensity fluctuations in the emission of Random lasers, finding the existence of non-Gaussian statistics in these emissions behaving with Lévy-type statistics. On the other hand, in another set of theoretical and experimental work, the glassy behavior of random lasers was studied by other authors, which led to the recent experimental demonstration of symmetry replica breaking phase transition. The investigations mentioned above were taken separately, and in this work shows that these two phenomena are connected. In the first chapter we study the most important concepts of a conventional laser that are necessary to understand the random lasers. In the second chapter, we present the random lasers. We begin with the presentation of the main features of random lasers. Then, we present a connection between the phenomenon of speckle and random lasers where Speckle Contrast is used to demonstrate the multimodal nature of random lasers. This feature is applied to determine the number of modes in a random fiber laser. At the end of this chapter a work is presented where it is demonstrated for the first time Bichromatic random laser in a NdAl₃ (BO₃)₄ crystalline powder. This observation opens an avenue for random lasers applications, and, as a proof of concept, we demonstrate an optical thermometer owing to the thermal dependence of the RL emissions. The third chapter is dedicated to studying the fundamental concepts of complex systems, to understand the glassy behavior of light in random lasers. In chapter 4 essential rudiments are also given to understand Lévy statistics. In chapter 5 we show a work where we use employ the NdY BO random laser system to show that from a single set of measurement the physical origin of the complex correspondence between the Lévy fluctuation regime and the replica symmetry breaking transition to spin glass phase occurs. In chapter 6 shows the observation of replica symmetry breaking phase transition in a solution of Rhodamine and particles of TᵢO₂, where specially designed amorphous TᵢO₂ particles were synthesized to obtain identical copies of the system.
Desde que Albert Einstein estabeleceu as bases para a emissão estimulada da radiação em 1916, ele pavimentou uma longa estrada que culminou, no começo dos anos 1960, com a invenção do laser. Em um laser convencional, evitar perdas por espalhamento de luz é muito importante. No entanto, este paradigma é quebrado pela proposta teórica de Letokhov em 1968, que diz que em um meio desordenado com ganho, o espalhamento da luz desempenha um papel positivo aumentando a amplificação do laser. Devido à natureza desordenada dos materiais utilizados foi adotado o nome Random Lasers (RLs). Os lasers aleatórios tomaram um novo impulso porque foram explorados recentemente como uma plataforma fotônica para estudos de sistemas complexos. Esta tese estuda esta abordagem interdisciplinar que abre novas e importantes vias para a compreensão do comportamento de lasers aleatórios. Recentemente estudamos as flutuações de intensidade na emissão de lasers aleatórios, encontrando a existência de estatísticas não gaussianas nessas emissões que se comportam como estatísticas tipo Lévy. Por outro lado, em outro conjunto de trabalhos teóricos e experimentais, o comportamento tipo vidro de spin de lasers aleatórios foi estudado por outros autores, o que levou à recente demonstração experimental de transição de fase com quebra de simetria de réplica. As investigações mencionadas acima foram realizadas separadamente, e neste trabalho mostramos que esses dois fenômenos estão conectados. No primeiro capítulo estudamos os conceitos mais importantes de um laser convencional que são necessários para entender os lasers aleatórios. No segundo capítulo, apresentamos os lasers aleatórios. Começamos com a apresentação das principais características de lasers aleatórios. Em seguida, apresentamos uma conexão entre o fenômeno de speckle e lasers aleatórios onde Speckle Contrast é usado para demonstrar a natureza multimodal de lasers aleatórios. Esta característica é aplicada para determinar o número de modos de um laser aleatório de fibra. No final deste capítulo é apresentado um trabalho onde é demonstrado pela primeira vez o laser aleatório bicromático em um pó cristalino NdAl₃ (BO₃)₄. Esta observação abre caminho para aplicações lasers aleatórios e, como prova deste conceito, demonstramos um termômetro óptico devido à dependência térmica das emissões de RL. O terceiro capítulo é dedicado a estudar os conceitos fundamentais de sistemas complexos, para entender o comportamento tipo vidro de spin da luz em lasers aleatórios. No capítulo quatro, rudimentos essenciais também são descritos para entender as estatísticas de Lévy. No capítulo cinco mostramos um trabalho onde usamos o sistema de laser aleatório NdY BO para mostrar que a partir de um único conjunto de medições ocorre a origem física da correspondência complexa entre o regime de flutuação de Lévy e a transição de simetria de réplicas para a fase de vidro de spin. No capítulo seis, observa-se a transição de fase de ruptura de simetria de réplicas em uma solução de Rhodamine e partículas de TᵢO₂, onde se sintetizaram partículas de TᵢO₂ amorfas especialmente projetadas para obter cópias idênticas do sistema.
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Cariani, Enrico. "Applicazioni meccanico-statistiche dell'integrazione gaussiana multidimensionale." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/1389/.
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ARIOLFO, ILARIA. "water in glass: innovazione di involucro." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2574159.
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Il tema centrale è l’innovazione di involucro, con riferimento particolare alle tecnologie attive volte al risparmio energetico e - più nello specifico - applicate all’involucro per il controllo microclimatico indoor, in termini anche di qualità architettonica.
In particolare, si studia l’applicazione in architettura di un “nuovo” materiale, l’acqua, indagando l’innovazione di involucro trasparente e non solo. Partendo da una riflessione che individua l’elemento di chiusura dell’edificio come frontiera di ricerca applicata nella logica di un atteggiamento energicamente consapevole, si è affrontata una sperimentazione relativa ad un componente tecnologico di involucro (costituito da un serramento nel quale l’intercapedine dei vetri “ospita” l’acqua) e si confronta con alcune declinazioni di significato relative al concetto di innovazione tecnologica in architettura.
La sperimentazione è il motore della tesi e riguarda un sistema di chiusura trasparente in cui l’acqua è un elemento tecnico-prestazionale che si intende proporre anche nelle sue ricadute formali.
L’attività sperimentale si è concretizzata attraverso il rapporto con l’operatività di alcune imprese del settore. E’ stata particolarmente significativa la collaborazione con una azienda locale specializzata nella progettazione e costruzione di facciate continue, interessata ad inserire nella sua produzione un nuovo sistema di involucro edilizio e disposta ad avviare un percorso sperimentale di costruzione di un prototipo del componente tecnologico denominato: Water in Glass.
La sperimentazione ha inizialmente tenuto conto dei risultati ottenuti dalle ricerche di uno spin-off spagnolo (Intelliglass, Madrid - partner con il quale era già stata avviata una collaborazione), nell’ipotesi di trasferire sul territorio italiano le innovazioni tecnologiche messe a punto nel laboratorio madrileno. L’ottica è stata quella non di un meccanico adattamento ad un contesto differente – sia geograficamente che culturalmente -, quanto di un affinamento e implementazione di quanto prodotto dallo spin-off. Il percorso di ricerca ha riguardato quindi le potenzialità di adattamento al contesto economico, climatico, produttivo e culturale italiano ed è stato portato avanti in un team multidisciplinare.
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Bilal, Janjua M. Verfasser], Gernot [Akademischer Betreuer] [Güntherodt, Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Morgenstern, and Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Kuch. "Exchange bias in magnetic thin films and nanoparticles : study of spin glass, spin dynamics and anisotropy / M. Bilal Janjua ; Gernot Güntherodt, Markus Morgenstern, Wolfgang Kuch." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1158599528/34.
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Huang, Ran. "Thermodynamics and Ideal Glass Transition on the Surface of a Monatomic System Modeled as Quasi "2-Dimensional" Recursive Lattices." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1342379960.
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Johnson, Ryan Christopher. "A study of the onset of magnetic correlations in LiY(1-x)Ho(x)F(4)." Thesis, Boston College, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2596.
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Thesis advisor: Michael J. GrafIn this work I present a characterization of spin dynamics in LiY1-xHoxF4 over a wide region of frequency - temperature - magnetic field - concentration phase space to probe the onset of magnetic correlations. Specifically, measurements were made of the T = 1.8 K magnetic field and frequency dependence of AC susceptibility, and temperature and field dependence of the longitudinal field positive muon spin relaxation (μSR) for LiY1-xHoxF4 with x = 0.0017, 0.0085, 0.0408, and 0.0855. To determine the concentration range over which the spin dynamics are determined primarily by the Ho3+-μ interaction rather than by the F-μ interaction I characterize the dynamics associated with the formation of the (F-μ-F)−complex by comparing data with Monte Carlo simulations. Numerical simulations of the susceptibility for the x = 0.0017 and 0.0085 are fit to my data and show that Ho-Ho cross-relaxation processes become important at higher concentration, signaling the crossover from single-ion to correlated behavior. The muon spin depolarization is simulated using the parameters extracted from the susceptibility, and the simulations agree well with data for these two samples. It is found that the susceptibility and μSR data for samples with x = 0.0408 and 0.0855 cannot be described within a single-ion picture, possibly due to the onset of collective phenomena. An unusual peak is also discovered in the magnetic field dependence of the muon relaxation rate in the temperature interval 10 – 20 K, and ascribed to a modification of the Ho3+ fluctuation rate due to a field induced shift of the energy splitting between the ground and first excited doublet crystal field states relative to a peak in the phonon density of states centered near 63 cm-1
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2012
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Physics
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Silva, Cintia Fernandes da. "Congelamento inverso em um modelo de vidro de spin com Clusters." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9243.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoThis work analyzes a spin glass (SG) model with cluster in two versions: a classic version with Ising spins and in a fermionic version with spin operators. In this model, the basic entities are correlated clusters that interact each other disorderedly (intercluster interaction). It is also considered short-range interactions among spins belonging to the same cluster (intracluster interaction), which can be ferromagnetic (FE) or antiferro- magnetic (AF). Disordered intercluster interactions are analytically calculated by using the framework of Parisi one-step replica symmetry breaking. After this treatment, we get an effective single cluster model solved by exact diagonalization. The fermionic version of the model can introduce quantum fluctuations by means of a transverse magnetic field Γ. As a result, the linear susceptibility χ has a cusp at the transition temperature Tf and the specific heat Cv has a broad maximum at temperature T* about 20% above Tf . However, for Γ sufficiently high, this difference is greater. This behavior is observed by some authors for the compound LiHoxY1-xF4 at low concentration. Furthermore, the fermionic SG model with cluster in the grand canonical ensemble (where the chemical potential μ introduces charge fluctuations) is used to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the inverse freezing (IF). In this analysis, for a certain region of μ, a reentrance related to the inverse freezing arises. However, the increase of the FE intracluster interactions J0 can take the tricritical point to lower T, introducing a second-order IF transition. On the other hand, the Γ destroys gradually the inverse freezing. The necessary mechanisms for the emergence of inverse freezing transition are also studied using the cluster SG model in a classic version with Ising spins. This study is firstly conducted considering only firstneighbors intracluster interactions AF and in a second moment considering intracluster interactions among second neighbors, where it is possible to introduce intracluster geometrical frustration. The presence of antiferromagnetic intracluster interactions decreases the total magnetic moment of the clusters, leading to a PM phase with low entropy, favoring the appearance of inverse freezing. Moreover, the presence of geometrical frustration is contrary to the emergence of inverse freezing.
Este trabalho analisa um modelo de vidro de spin (VS) com clusters em duasversões: uma versão clássica com spins de Ising e uma versão fermiônica com operadores de spins. Neste modelo, as entidades básicas são clusters correlacionados que interagem entre si de modo desordenado (interação intercluster). Considera-se também interações de curto-alcance entre momentos magnéticos pertencentes ao mesmo cluster (interação intracluster), que podem ser ferromagnéticas (FE) ou antiferromagnéticas (AF). As interações desordenadas intercluster são calculadas analiticamente através do método das réplicas com aproximação de um passo de quebra de simetria de réplicas. Após o tratamento, chega-se a um modelo efetivo de um único cluster resolvido por diagonalização exata. A versão fermiônica do modelo pode introduzir flutuações quânticas por meio de um campo magnético transverso Γ. Como resultados, a curva da susceptibilidade magnéticaΓ em função da temperatura T apresenta um pico agudo na temperatura de transição Tf e a curva do calor específico Cv em função de T apresenta um máximo arredondado à temperatura T* cerca de 20% acima de Tf . Porém, para um Γ suficientemente alto, esta diferença é muito maior, comportamento que é observado por alguns autores para o composto LiHoxY1-xF4 a baixas concentrações. Além disso, o modelo VS fermiônico com clusters no ensemble grão-canônico (onde o potencial químico μ introduz flutuações de carga) é usado para investigar os mecanismos responsáveis pelo congelamento inverso. Nesta análise, para uma certa região de μ, uma reentrância relacionada ao congelamento inverso surge. Entretanto, o aumento das interações FE intracluster J0 pode levar o ponto tricrítico para valores de T mais baixos, fazendo com que uma transição reentrante de segunda-ordem apareça. Por outro lado, o efeito de Γ é destruir o congelamento inverso gradativamente. Os mecanismos necessários para o surgimento da transição congelamento inverso também são estudados através do modelo de VS com clusters em uma versão clássica utilizando spins de Ising. Este estudo é realizado primeiramente considerando somente primeiros vizinhos intracluster AF e em um segundo momento considerando interações intracluster entre primeiros e segundos vizinhos, onde é possível introduzir frustração geométrica intracluster. A presença de interações antiferromagnéticas intracluster diminui o momento magnético total dos clusters, levando a uma fase PM de baixa entropia, favorecendo o aparecimento de congelamento inverso. Por outro lado, a presença de frustração geométrica é contrária ao surgimento de congelamento inverso.
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Morais, Junior Carlos Alberto Vaz de. "Transicões inversas em modelos fermiônicos de vidro de spin." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3891.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe present work studies inverse transitions by using two spin glass models: the infinite-range fermionic Ising spin glass (FISG) in the presence of a transverse magnetic field ¡ and Hopfield fermionic Ising spin glass (HFISG) model with a ¡ field. In these models, the spin are written in terms of fermionic operators. In that case, there are four possible eigenvalues of the operator Sz i , two of them non-magnetic. The problem for both models is expressed in the path integral formalism with Grassmann variables. Particularly, the FISG and HFISG models are analysed in the Grand Canonical ensemble, which allows changing the average number occupation of fermions per site by adjusting the chemical potential μ, which is a magnetic dilution mechanism. The Grand Canonical Potential is obtained within the static approximation with replica symmetry and one-step replica symmetry breaking schemes. Firstly, the highly frustrated FISG model is studied. Essentially, for ¡ = 0, a first order inverse transition arises with the increase of μ (dilution). As a consequence, the inverse transitions can be studied under the effect of quantum fluctuations when a transverse magnetic field ¡ is turned on. As main result, it is shown that quantum fluctuations destroy the inverse transitions. Secondly, the role of frustration as ingredient for a model to present naturally inverse transitions is checked by the HFISG model, which allows interpolating from trivial randomness to a highly frustrated regime. In fact, it is shown that for ¡ = 0 and high values of μ, any frustration level presents a inverse transition. Finally, the introduction of the ¡ field in the HFISG model allows to study how the simultaneous adjusting of quantum fluctuations and the level of frustration affects the inverse transition in this model. As a result, it is suggested that the interplay between the dilution and the presence of a frustrated phase has an important role inverse transitions producing. In addition, when the effects of quantum fluctuations are introduced by ¡, the role of dilution seems to be weakened. As a consequence, the inverse transition is destroyed in HFISG model.
O presente trabalho estuda as transições inversas utilizando dois modelos vidro de spin: o modelo de alcance infinito vidro de spin de Ising fermiônico (VSIF) com campo magnético transverso ¡ e o modelo Hopfield vidro de spin Ising fermiônico (HVSIF) com ¡. Nestes modelos, os spins são escritos em termos de operadores fermiônicos. Nesse caso, há quatro autovalores possíveis para o operador Sz i , dois deles não magnéticos. Ambos os modelos são expressos em termos do formalismo das integrais de caminho fermiônicas com variáveis de Grassmann. Particularmente, os modelos VSIF e HVSIF são analisados no ensemble Grão Canônico, que permite variar o número médio de ocupação de férmions por sítio através do ajuste do potencial químico μ. O Potencial Grão Canônico é obtido por meio das soluções com simetria de réplicas e com um passo de quebra de simetria de réplicas utilizando a aproximação estática. Os resultados obtidos a partir dos modelos VSIF e HVSIF podem ser resumidos de acordo com a seguinte ordem: primeiramente, o modelo altamente frustrado VSIF é estudado. Essencialmente, para ¡ = 0, há o surgimento de transição de primeira ordem inversa para valores de μ, que é um mecanismo de diluição magnética. Consequentemente, as transições inversas puderam ser estudadas sob o efeito de flutuações quânticas quando um campo magnético transverso é introduzido nesse modelo. Como resultado principal, é mostrado que flutuações quânticas destroem as transições inversas no modelo VSIF. Em segundo lugar, o papel da frustração como ingrediente para um modelo apresentar naturalmente transições inversas é checado pelo modelo HVSIF, o qual permite analisar diversos regimes de frustração. De fato, é mostrado no modelo HVSIF que independentemente do nível de frustração, sempre há uma transição inversa para valores altos de μ. Finalmente, a introdução do campo ¡ no modelo HVSIF permite estudar de que forma o ajuste simultâneo de flutuações quânticas e intensidade do nível de frustração afetam as transições inversas nesse modelo. Como resultado, sugere-se que a relação entre diluição e a presença de uma fase frustrada tem um importante papel na produção de transições inversas. Em adição, quando efeitos de flutuações quânticas são introduzidas pelo ¡, o papel da diluição parece ser enfraquecido. Nesse caso, as transições inversas são destruídas no modelo HVSIF.
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Casas, Brian Wesley. "Effects of disorder and low dimensionality on frozen dynamics in Ca3Co2-xMnxO6." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5657.
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Complex oxides represent an intersection of play grounds for the existence of exciting new fundamental physics and materials with potential technological implications. The realization of many exciting properties of these systems rely on the coupling of electronic, structural and magnetic degrees of freedom. Additionally, competing interactions within each type of coupling discussed previously lead to theoretically diverse ground states, which under the application of an external perturbation, can be tuned and probed.
Ca3Co¬2-xMnxO6 represent a quasi-one dimensional Ising spin chain system oriented in an antiferromagnetic triangular lattice. The exotic behavior of the undoped compound Ca3Co2O6 has inspired work on continuing the fundamental understanding of frustrated magnetic systems. Through chemical doping of Manganese ions, the magnetic properties, namely the exotic spin glass like behavior can be enhanced for a modest doping range of x
The effects of particle dimensionality were probed through the application of varied calcining conditions as to attempt to observe the altering of magnetic properties, mainly the out of equilibrium magnetization plateaus observed in Ca3Co1.75 Mn0.25O6. It appears that within the particle sizes studied the magnetic behavior is highly robust, even considering the inclusion of ionic disorder.
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Tartaglia, Alessandro. "Coarsening and percolation in 2d kinetic Ising models, and quench dynamics of the isolated p=2 spherical spin glass model." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS365.
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Cette thèse est divisée en deux parties indépendantes. Dans la première partie, on étudie la dynamique aux temps très courts d'un modèle cinétique d'Ising en d=2 qui est soumis à une trempe instantanée de la température. Les mesures des différentes observables reliées aux propriétés statistiques et géométriques des domaines ordonnés suggèrent que la dynamique de relaxation approche un régime de "scaling'' dynamique dans lequel les domaines présentent les caractéristiques du modèle de la percolation critique en 2d. À travers l'étude des propriétés de scaling pendant l'évolution du système, on peut identifier une longueur critique lp(t) liée à la percolation. En particulier, pour des modèles d'Ising en d=2 évoluant avec une dynamique stochastique qui satisfait le principe de bilan détaillé, on observe que des gros domaines ordonnés qui percolent deviennent stable, par leur topologies, par rapport à la dynamique microscopique jusqu'au moment à lequel tout le système est équilibré. Dans la deuxième partie, on étudie la dynamique hamiltonienne du modèle de Sherrington-Kirkpatrick (SK) sphérique dans le cas p=2, suivant une trempe uniforme de l'intensité du désordre. À partir des solutions numériques des équations de type Schwinger-Dyson, on peut identifier trois phases dynamiques différentes selon la température initiale du système et le paramètre qui quantifie l'intensité du désordre dans l'Hamiltonien post-trempe. On observe que le système ne réussit pas à thermaliser dans aucune de ces phases. On peut aussi vérifier que le modèle SK sphérique avec p=2, avec une dynamique hamiltonienne, est équivalent au modèle de Neumann, un modèle intégrable de la mécanique classiqueThis thesis is divided into two independent parts. In the first part, we study the early time dynamics of some 2d kinetic Ising models subject to an istantaneous quench from the disordered to the ordered phase. The post-quench relaxation dynamics is realised by means of stochastic spin update rules, of various types, which are simulated numerically through Monte Carlo methods. Measurements of different observables related to the statistical and geometrical properties of ordered domains suggest that the relaxation dynamics approaches a dynamical scaling regime with features ascribed to 2d critical percolation. In all the cases in which the stochastic dynamics satisfies detailed balance, the critical percolation state persists over a very long period of time before usual coarsening of domains takes over and leads the system to equilibrium. In the second part, we study the Hamiltonian dynamics of the 2-spin spherical spin glass model, following a uniform quench of the strength of the disorder. In each case, we consider initial conditions from Gibbs-Boltzmann equilibrium at a given temperature, and subsequently evolve the configurations with Newton dynamics dictated by a new Hamiltonian, obtained from the initial one by a uniform quench of the interaction couplings. We notice that the post-quench dynamics of this model is equivalent to that of the Neumann integrable model, and thus we analyse the integrals of motion, using them to show that the system is not able to reach an equilibrium stationary state à la Gibbs-Boltzmann
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Braun, Axel [Verfasser], Annette [Akademischer Betreuer] Zippelius, and Timo [Akademischer Betreuer] Aspelmeier. "Low Temperature Phase of the m-component Spin Glass / Axel Braun. Gutachter: Annette Zippelius ; Timo Aspelmeier. Betreuer: Annette Zippelius." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2011. http://d-nb.info/104366615X/34.
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Braun, Axel Verfasser], Annette [Akademischer Betreuer] Zippelius, and Timo [Akademischer Betreuer] [Aspelmeier. "Low Temperature Phase of the m-component Spin Glass / Axel Braun. Gutachter: Annette Zippelius ; Timo Aspelmeier. Betreuer: Annette Zippelius." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:7-webdoc-3141-2.
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Solana, Mathias. "Electronic transport in spin-glasses and mesoscopic wires : correlations of universal conductance fluctuations in disordered conductors." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAY020/document.
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Le travail expérimental développé pendant cette thèse se situe à l'interface de deux champs en physique de la matière condensée, à savoir les verres de spins et la physique mésoscopique. Les verres de spins ont été largement étudié et font partie des problèmes les plus débattus au cours des années tant d'un point de vue expérimental que théorique. Cet état est caractérisé par des propriétés très particulières qui se font jour lors d'une transition de phase magnétique à très basses températures qui est elle-même inhabituelle. En effet, cette transition est due à un mélange de frustration et de désordre dans la structure magnétique du système. Ce faisant, c'est un système modèle pour les verres et les systèmes frustrés en général. Après bien des efforts, des travaux théoriques ont réussi à décrire l'état fondamental du système au moyen de deux approches différentes et apparemment incompatibles. Cependant, la question de la vraie nature de la phase verre de spin reste grandement débattue.La physique mésoscopique, de son côté, traite du transport électronique dans les échantillons pour lesquels les électrons gardent leur cohérence de phase. Si les électrons restent cohérents, il est possible de voir des effets d'interférences qui sont des signes quantiques de ce qu'il se passe au niveau atomique. Dans cette thèse, il est utilisé pour sonder le désordre aussi bien magnétique que statique dans un verre de spins.Nous montrons que, contrairement à ce qui est cru, de forts changements se déroulent dans le désordre microscopique même à basses températures. Nous prétendons également que ces changements sont purement structuraux et viennent du fait de systèmes dont la distribution en énergie est très largeThe experimental work developed during this PhD is situated at the interface of two fields of condensed matter physics, namely spin glasses and mesoscopic physics. Spin glasses have been widely studied and are one of the problem that has been the most discussed over the years, both on a theoretical and experimental point of view. This state is characterized by very peculiar properties that come to light as it exhibits a magnetic phase transition at low temperatures that is already unusual. Indeed, this transition is due to a mix of frustration and disorder in the magnetic structure of the system, making it an exceptional model system for glasses and frustrated systems in general. After many efforts, theoreticians managed to described the fundamental state of the system by the mean of two different and apparently incompatible approaches. The first one, called RSB theory, is based on a mean-field approximation and predicts a complex phase space with an unconventional hierarchical organization. The second is based on more phenomenological approach and is named Droplet theory. It points towards a unique ground state and explain all the observation by slow relaxation processes. However, the question of the true nature of the spin glass phase is still heavily debated. Mesoscopic physics, for its part, addresses the question of electronic transport for samples in which the electrons keep their phase coherence. If the electrons remains coherent, it is possible to see interference effects that are quantum signs of what happens at the atomic level. In this work, it is used to probe the magnetic and static disorder in spin glasses. Indeed, it is possible to interpret the change in those interferences as changes in the microscopic disorder configuration and to know exactly how the spin glass state evolves. Some work have already tried to use coherent transport in spin glasses but this remains an open field. This work has then be dedicated to the implementation of transport measurement in spin glasses and mesocopic conductors. The first part will be focused on a the experimental setup that was used to perform very precise transport measurements and on the processing of the data taken out of them. In a second part, we will present some general physical characteristics of our samples such as their resistance dependence to the temperature or magnetic field, before extracting the quantum signature in magnetoresistance measurements. Finally, we will discuss the results obtained. We show that strong changes in the microscopic disorder happen even at low temperatures, in opposition to what is believed. We argue that those observed changes are purely structural and come from systems that are widely distributed in energy
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Kim, You Jin. "Preparation and magnetic properties of layered rare-earth ferrites." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/259048.
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Schmidt, Mateus. "Efeitos de interações de curto alcance e tamanho de clusters em sistemas desordenados." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9251.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe competition between cluster spin glass and ferromagnetism or antiferromagnetism is studied in this work. The model considers clusters of spins with short-range ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic interactions (J0) and long-range disordered couplings (J) between clusters. The problem is treated by adapting the correlated cluster mean- �eld theory. Phase diagrams T=J xJ0=J are obtained for different cluster sizes ns. The results show that the cluster spin-glass phase is found below the freezing temperature Tf for lower intensities of J0/J. The increase of short-range ferromagnetic interaction can favor the cluster spin-glass phase, while the antiferromagnetic one reduces the cluster spin-glass region by decreasing the Tf . However, there are always critical values of J0 where antiferromagnetic or ferromagnetic long-range orders become stable. The results also indicate a strong influence of the cluster size in the competition of magnetic phases. For antiferromagnetic clusters, the increase of ns diminishes Tf reducing the cluster spinglass phase region. In the ferromagnetic case, the increase of ns enhances the cluster spin-glass phase region.
A competição entre vidro de spin com clusters e ferromagnetismo ou antiferromagnetismo é estudada neste trabalho. Adotamos um modelo que considera clusters de spins com interações de curto alcance (J0) e interações desordenadas de longo alcance (J) entre clusters. O problema é tratado adaptando a teoria de campo médio com clusters correlacionados. Obtivemos diagramas de fases T/J×J0/J para vários tamanhos de clusters ns. Os resultados mostram que a fase vidro de spin com clusters é obtida abaixo de uma certa temperatura de congelamento para baixas intensidades de J0=J. O aumento das interações ferromagnéticas de curto alcance pode favorecer a fase vidro de spin com clusters, enquanto as interações antiferromagnéticas reduzem a região em que a fase vidro de spin com clusters é encontrada ao reduzir a temperatura de congelamento. No entanto, há valores críticos de J0 nos quais as ordens de longo alcance antiferromagnética ou ferromagnética tornam-se estáveis. Os resultados também indicam uma forte influência do tamanho dos clusters na competição entre fases magnéticas. Para clusters antiferromagnéticos, o aumento de ns diminui a temperatura de congelamento, reduzindo a região em que a fase vidro de spin com clusters é encontrada no diagrama T/J×J0/J. No caso ferromagnético, o aumento de ns aumenta a região da fase vidro de spin com clusters.
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Berger, Isabela Corrêa. "Efeitos induzidos por campo aleatório bimodal e gaussiano nos modelos de van Hemmen clássico e fermiônico." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/178881.
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Neste trabalho utilizam-se duas adaptações do modelo originalmente proposto por van Hemmen com o intuito de investigar os efeitos de um campo aleatório hi sob as transições de fases: um modelo com spin 1 estudado na versão clássica e um modelo na formulação fermiônica. A escolha do modelo de van Hemmen está relacionada ao fato de que não e necessário utilizar o método das réplicas para tratar a desordem. No primeiro caso, o modelo clássico conta com um campo cristalino (D) que favorece energeticamente os estados não interagentes. As interações aleatórias Ji j são respons aveis por introduzir desordem e frustração ao problema. Tanto as variáveis aleatórias quanto o campo aleatório seguem uma distribuição de probabilidades bimodal. Analisando o comportamento dos parâmetros de ordem e da energia livre, diagramas de fases da temperatura pelo acoplamento ferromagnético J0 e pelo campo cristalino D para diferentes valores de hi foram construídos. Os resultados indicam que a presença do campo aleatório tende a reduzir o ponto tricrítico das transições de fases e, para determinado valor de hi, uma nova solução da fase vidro de spin (VS) pode ser favorecida. Além disso, para valores relativamente altos de hi, o problema apresenta pontos multicríticos nas transições de fase. Também busca-se investigar nesse modelo se o mesmo e capaz de apresentar algum tipo de transição inversa (TI) As TI são uma classe de transições de fases altamente contraintuitivas, em que uma fase usualmente ordenada tem entropia maior que uma fase desordenada. Elas se manifestam nos diagramas de fases através de uma reentrância da fase desordenada-ordenada-desordenada conforme a temperatura diminui. Embora o modelo apresente diversos pontos tricríticos na transição PM/VS, nenhum tipo de transição reentrante foi observada, não havendo, portanto, nenhuma evidência de transição inversa no sistema. Já o modelo analisado na formulação fermiônica conta com um potencial químico (m), que controla a diluição magnética relacionada ao favorecimento dos sítios duplamente ocupados ou vazios, e com um campo magnético transverso G, que introduz flutuações quânticas ao problema. Nesse caso, as interações de spin Ji j e o campo aleatório seguem uma distribuição gaussiana. A introdução do campo hi, a nível de campo médio, permite investigar as TI sob os efeitos de uma desordem que não e uma fonte de frustração Os resultados mostram uma transição reentrante da fase VS para a fase paramagnética (PM) na ausência de G e hi. A reentrância aparece para um certo intervalo de m, em que se encontra uma fase PM a baixas temperaturas com menor entropia do que a fase VS, caracterizando a transição do tipo congelamento inverso (CI). No entanto o CI e gradualmente suprimido quando os efeitos hi são intensificados. Além disso, o CI e completamente destruído pelas flutuações quânticas provenientes do G. Dessa forma, a desordem combinada com a diluição pode apresentar um cenário favorável a ocorrência de CI, enquanto o campo aleatório e as flutuações quânticas agem contra este tipo de transição.In this work, two adaptations to the original model proposed by van Hemmen are used with the aim of investigating the e ects of a random eld hi under the phase transitions: a model studied in the classical version and a model in the fermionic formulation. The van Hemmen model was chosen because the disorder can be treated without the use of the replica method. In the rst case, the classic model has a crystal eld (D) which energetically favors the non-interacting states. The random interactions Ji j are responsible for introduce disorder and frustration to the problem. Both random eld and random variables follow a bimodal probability distribution. Analyzing the behavior of the order parameters and the free energy, phase diagrams of temperatura T versus the ferromagnetic coupling J0 and T versus the crystal eld D for di erent values of hi were build. The results indicate that the presence of the random eld tends to reduce the tricritical point of the phase transitions. For a given value of hi, a new solution of phase spin glass (SG) can be favored. In addition, for su ciently high enough values of hi the problem presents multicritical points in phase transitions. It is also intended to investigate if this model is able to present some kind of inverse transition (IT) IT is a class of highly nonintuitive phase transitions in that the usual ordered phase has more entropy than the disordered one. The IT manifests in the phase diagrams as a reentrance of the disordered-ordereddisordered phase according to the temperature decreases. Although the model presents several tricritical points in the transition PM=SG, no type of reentrant transition was observed. Therefore, there is no evidence of inverse transition in this model. The model analyzed in the fermionic formulation has a chemical potential (m), which has the role of controlling the magnetic dilution related to favoring double-occupation or empty sites. This model also counts with a transverse magnetic eld G, which introduces quantum uctuations to the problem. In this case, the spin interactions Ji j and random eld follow a Gaussian distribution The introduction of the hi allows the investigation of IT under the e ects of a disorder that is not a source of frustration. The results show a reentrant transition from the SG phase to the PM phase in the absence of G and hi. The reentrance appears for a certain range of m, in which there is a PM phase at low temperatures with lower entropy than the SG phase, characterizing the inverse freezing (IF) transition. However, IF is gradually suppressed when the e ects hi are intensi ed. Moreover, the IF is completely destroyed by quantum uctuations from G. Thus, the disorder combined with the dilution may present the favorable scenario to the occurrence of IF, while the random eld and the uctuations quantum mechanics act against this kind of transition.
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Rehn, Jorge Armando. "Magnets with disorder and interactions:." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-220572.
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A very important step in the art of cooking up models for the study of natural phenomena is the identification of the relevant ingredients. Taking into account too many details will lead to an overly complicated model, not at all useful to work with, but neglecting some crucial elements will lead to an equally useless model. So it is often the case that the actual experimental situation presents unavoidable sources of local randomness, whilst the analysed phenomenon does not really rely on presence/absence of such imperfections. For some other set of phenomena, however, disorder can play a crucial role, and must be carefully taken into account. Such is for example the case in certain phases of matter, the spin-glass phase, or the many-body localised phase. In this thesis we explore disorder in both of these situations and also as a theoretical means of testing the regime of liquidity in certain two-dimensional highly frustrated magnetic models. The focus here is placed on classical Heisenberg models defined on lattices consisting of clusters all sites of which interact mutually pairwise. This natural way to introduce frustration has been known in the literature to lead to so-called Coulomb spin-liquids, the single class of classical spin-liquids acknowledged to exist so far in Heisenberg models. Here we show that in fact two different classes of classical spin-liquids can be obtained from similarly defined frustrated models. In one of these, algebraic correlations exist at $T=0$, similar to the Coulomb phase, but the system exhibits a rather different low$-T$ effective action from the Coulomb phase. In the other class, the spin-liquid has spin correlations that decay exponentially with distance, with a correlation length smaller than a lattice spacing even at $T=0$. One special effect of disorder in these models, considered in the form of dilution by non-magnetic impurities, is to nucleate local degrees of freedom, so-called orphans, which express the concomitant spin-liquid phase through their non-trivial fractionalisation. When the associated spin-liquid exhibit algebraic correlations, it is also possible to find new effective spin-glass models as an effective $T=0$ description for interactions between the orphans, leading to so-called `random Coulomb magnets'. One part of this thesis is devoted to the first study of these new models. This investigation consists mainly of Monte Carlo simulations and numerical solution of the relevant large$-n$ equations ($n$ being the number of spin components). A clear spin-glass transition for infinitely large coupling strength is determined for the case of spins with an infinite number of components. The results presented on the situation for a finite number of spin components are more of an exploratory character, and large-scale simulations with further optimization schemes to ensure equilibration are still required to locate the transition. The final investigation treated in this thesis deals with the dynamics in a quantum model with disorder displaying the many-body localized phase, where in addition a periodic drive is applied. For a certain range of driving frequencies and amplitudes, it was found recently that the many-body localized phase is robust. These pioneering studies restricted themselves to an analysis of the stability of such a phase in the long time limit, while very little was known about the dynamics towards the asymptotic fate. Our study focuses on this aspect, and analyses the different dynamical behaviors as one varies the driving parameters, so that the many-body localized phase survives or is destroyed by the driving. We discover that on the border between these two asymptotic fates, a new dynamical behavior emerges, where the system heats up at a very slow, logarithmic in time, rateDie Bestimmung der wichtigsten Bestandteile stellt einen sehr wichtigen Schritt in der Kunst des Erstellens von Modellen dar. Die Annahme von zu vielen Details ergibt ein sehr kompliziertes, zu nichts zu gebrauchendes Modell, doch die Vernachlässigung von bedeutenden Zusammenhängen führt ebenfalls zu einem unbrauchbaren Ergebnis. Es ist so z.B. häufig der Fall, dass ein Experiment unter dem Einfluss von unvermeindlichen lokalen Zufälligkeiten steht, die allerdings kaum einen Einfluss auf ein beobachtetes Phänomen haben. Für gewisse Phänomene spielt Unordnung jedoch eine wesentliche Rolle und sie muss sehr genau in Betracht gezogen werden. Das ist für bestimmte Phasen, wie beispielsweise Spinglas oder die Vielteilchen-Lokalisation, der Fall. In dieser Dissertation untersuchen wir ungeordnete Systeme, die solche Phasen aufweisen. Außerdem verwenden wir Unordnung als ein theoretisches Werkzeug für die Analyse von bestimmten `Spinflüssigkeiten' in zweidimensionalen Spinmodellen. Der Fokus liegt hierbei auf klassischen Heisenberg Modellen definiert auf Gittern, die aus einer Anordnung von Clustern bestehen, sodass jede einzelne paarweise Heisenberg-Wechselwirkung innerhalb eines Clusters stattfindet. Dadurch weist das System geometrische Frustration auf und in mehreren Fällen tritt eine sogennante Coulomb Spinflüssigkeit ---die bislang einzig bekannte Klasse von klassischen Spinflüssigkeit in Heisenberg Modellen--- auf. Wir zeigen, dass mindestens zwei weitere Arten von klassischen Spinflüssigkeiten in solchen Modellen zu finden sind. Für die eine Klasse sind Spinkorrelationen zu erwarten, die algebraisch mit der Entfernung bei $T=0$ abnehmen, ähnlich wie für eine Coulomb Phase. Diese neu entdeckte Spinflüssigkeit lässt sich jedoch von der Coulomb Phase durch eine neue effektive Tieftemperatur-Theorie unterscheiden. Für die andere Klasse von Spinflüssigkeiten sind die Spinkorrelationen kurzreichweitig, und selbst bei $T=0$ nehmen sie exponentiell ab, mit einer Korrelationslänge, die kleiner als ein Gitterabstand ist. Unordnung, in der Form von nicht-magnetischen Störstellen, kann lokale Freiheitsgrade entstehen lassen (diese werden in der Literatur auch als `Orphans', Waisen, bezeichnet). Die Orphans verweisen durch ihre `Fraktionierung' eindeutig auf die nicht trivialen Korrelationen der spinflüssigen Phase. Falls die Spinflüssigkeit algebraische Korrelationen aufweist, findet man auch langreichweitige Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Orphans bei $T=0$. Dies führt zu neuen Spinglasmodellen, sogenannten `Random Coulomb Magnets'. Ein Teil dieser Dissertation ist der Untersuchung solcher Modelle gewidmet. Diese Untersuchung besteht hauptsächlich aus Monte Carlo Simulationen und numerischer Lösung der relevanten Large-$n$ Gleichungen (wobei $n$ hier auf die Anzahl an Spinkomponenten hinweist). In dem Fall von Spins mit unendlich vielen Spinkomponenten können wir einen eindeutigen Spinglas Phasenübergang für eine unendlich große Kopplungsstärke bestimmen. Die entsprechenden Ergebnisse für den Fall von Spins mit einer endlichen Anzahl an Spinkomponenten sind von einem exploratorischen Charakter. Zusätzliche Simulationen, die möglicherweise weitere Optimierungsschema verwenden um Äquilibrium zu gewährleisten, sind noch von nöten um eine eindeutige Aussage über den Übergang in solchen Fällen zu treffen. Der letzte Teil dieser Dissertation widmet sich der Untersuchung der Dynamik eines ungeordneten Quantenmodells. Das ausgewählte Modell weist die sogennante Vielteilchen-lokalisierte Phase auf, und wir untersuchen insbesondere den Effekt eines periodischen Antriebs auf die Dynamik des Systems. Für eine bestimmte Auswahl der Antriebs-frequenz und -amplitude, wurde es bereits vor kurzem bewiesen, dass die Vielteilchen-lokalisierte Phase diese Störung übersteht. Unsere Studie ist darauf ausgelegt, wie sich die Dynamik des Systems durch Variation der Antriebsparameter ändert, so dass die Vielteilchen-lokalisierte Phase für lange Zeit entweder den Antrieb übersteht oder von ihm zerstört wird. Wir konnten dadurch entdecken, dass an der Grenze zwischen diesen beiden Fällen ein neues dynamisches Verhalten entsteht, bei der das System eine sehr langsame, logarithmisch mit der Zeit, Erwärmung aufweist
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Rulquin, Charlotte. "Rôle des fluctuations dans les systèmes vitreux de dimension finie." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066454/document.
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Les systèmes vitreux sujets à une diminution de la température présentent une dynamique très lente, et à une valeur suffisamment faible de celle-ci se trouvent dans un état désordonné dit "gelé". Cette thèse traite du cas des verres structuraux, comme les liquides surfondus, et du cas des verres de spins.Dans les deux cas, les scénarios physiques issus des théories de champ moyen sont connus et pourraient être sensibles à l'introduction des fluctuations présentes dans les systèmes de dimension finie. L'étude de leur effet dans les systèmes vitreux étant difficile, nous avons étudié des modèles simples reliés au problème de la transition vitreuse dans lesquels l'effet des fluctuations peut être analysé en détail.Concernant les verres structuraux, nous étudions tout d'abord le retour à la convexité de l’énergie libre d'un système unidimensionnel où les fluctuations sont contraintes par la taille finie du système. Ensuite, nous étudions le rôle des fluctuations de "courte" et de "longue" portée dans un système vitreux appelé ``modèle de plaquette'' en comparant les propriétés thermodynamiques du système connues sur réseaux Euclidiens à celles que nous avons obtenues sur un réseau "en arbre". Enfin, nous étudions l'existence de fluctuations spatio-temporelles au sein d'un modèle de systèmes à dynamique activée couplés via un bain thermal à faible température.Concernant les verres de spins, nous construisons une approche du groupe de renormalisation non-perturbatif afin de décrire l'effet des fluctuations critiques sur les propriétés critiques du verre de spin d'Ising en champ nul en dimensions inférieures à sixWhen the temperature diminishes, glassy systems present a very sluggish dynamics and at low enough temperature can finish in some arrested disordered state. This thesis deals about the case of structural glasses, to which category supercooled liquids belong to, and spin glasses.In these two cases the physical scenarios issued from the mean-field theories are known and could be fragile to the introduction of fluctuations that are present in finite-dimensional systems. Since the study of the effect of fluctuations in glassy systems is a daunting task, the aim of this thesis is to study simple related problems in which the effect of fluctuations can be thoroughly investigated.For the structural-glass case, we study first the return to convexity of the free energy of a uni-dimensional finite-size system where fluctuations are restricted by the finite size of the system. Then, we study the role of "short"- and "long"-range fluctuations in a glass-former model called ``plaquette model'' in comparing the thermodynamic properties of the system which are known on Euclidean lattices with the ones we obtained on a "tree" lattice. Finally, we study the existence of space-time fluctuations in a model made of activated-dynamics systems coupled via a thermal bath at low temperature.For the spin-glass case, we construct a scheme for the nonperturbative renormalization group to describe the effect of critical fluctuations on the critical properties of the Ising spin glass in zero field in dimensions lower than six
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Michel, Manon. "Irreversible Markov chains by the factorized Metropolis filter : algorithms and applications in particle systems and spin models." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEE039/document.
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Cette thèse porte sur le développement et l'application en physique statistique d'un nouveau paradigme pour les méthodes sans rejet de Monte-Carlo par chaînes de Markov irréversibles, grâce à la mise en œuvre du filtre factorisé de Metropolis et du concept de lifting. Les deux premiers chapitres présentent la méthode de Monte-Carlo et ses différentes applications à des problèmes de physique statistique. Une des principales limites de ces méthodes se rencontre dans le voisinage des transitions de phase, où des phénomènes de ralentissement dynamique entravent fortement la thermalisation des systèmes. Le troisième chapitre présente la nouvelle classe des algorithmes de Metropolis factorisés et irréversibles. Se fondant sur le concept de lifting des chaînes de Markov, le filtre factorisé de Metropolis permet de décomposer un potentiel multidimensionnel en plusieurs autres unidimensionnels. De là, il est possible de définir un algorithme sans rejet de Monte-Carlo par chaînes de Markov irréversibles. Le quatrième chapitre examine les performances de ce nouvel algorithme dans une grande variété de systèmes. Des accélérations du temps de thermalisation sont observées dans des systèmes bidimensionnels de particules molles, des systèmes bidimensionnels de spins XY ferromagnétiques et des systèmes tridimensionnels de verres de spins XY. Finalement, une réduction importante du ralentissement critique est exposée pour un système tridimensionnel de spins Heisenberg ferromagnétiquesThis thesis deals with the development and application in statistical physics of a general framework for irreversible and rejection-free Markov-chain Monte Carlo methods, through the implementation of the factorized Metropolis filter and the lifting concept. The first two chapters present the Markov-chain Monte Carlo method and its different implementations in statistical physics. One of the main limitations of Markov-chain Monte Carlo methods arises around phase transitions, where phenomena of dynamical slowing down greatly impede the thermalization of the system. The third chapter introduces the new class of irreversible factorized Metropolis algorithms. Building on the concept of lifting of Markov chains, the factorized Metropolis filter allows to decompose a multidimensional potential into several unidimensional ones. From there, it is possible to define a rejection-free and completely irreversible Markov-chain Monte Carlo algorithm. The fourth chapter reviews the performance of the irreversible factorized algorithm in a wide variety of systems. Clear accelerations of the thermalization time are observed in bidimensional soft-particle systems, bidimensional ferromagnetic XY spin systems and three-dimensional XY spin glasses. Finally, an important reduction of the critical slowing down is exhibited in three-dimensional ferromagnetic Heisenberg spin systems
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Barnsley, Lester Clinton. "Exchange Bias in Manganese Alloys with Mixed Magnetic Behaviour." Thesis, Griffith University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367858.
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Exchange bias has been a well known property of materials consisting of a ferromagnet
interfaced with an antiferromagnet for many years, and the anisotropy resulting
from the interaction has recently been nominated as a possible means for overcoming
the superparamagnetic limit in high-density magnetic information storage media.
However, a generalized theoretical description of the phenomenon remains elusive.
More recently, analogues between the exchange bias eect and the behaviours of spin
glass materials have become increasingly recognized. In this thesis, the analogues
between exchange bias and spin glass systems are explored in a set of concentrated
spin glass samples that exhibit a strong sensitivity to short range order of magnetic
entities.
A number of models were developed to analyze and account for the measurements of
magnetization made on these samples. The rst was a simple, empirical model, based
on an approximation of non-interacting, monodisperse, superparamagnetic clusters
against a paramagnetic background to t single branches of minor hysteresis loops.
In this model, the parameter to describe the coercive eld was added ad hoc. Another,
more sophisticated, model was based on a modied Stoner-Wohlfarth expression for
magnetic clusters and applied to the data using Monte Carlo simulations. The best
ts resulted from this model when the cluster easy axis orientations were allowed to
have a Gaussian distribution.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Camilli, Francesco. "Statistical mechanics perspectives on Boltzmann machines." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19302/.
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La tesi contiene un approccio rigoroso alla meccanica statistica dei sistemi disordinati con particolare attenzione a modelli di campo medio. Il punto di partenza è un’introduzione al modello Curie-Weiss in cui si presentano sia risultati classici sia una nuova proprietà di stabilità per cambio di normalizzazione. Il modello è stato risolto per interazioni ferromagnetiche ed antiferromagnetiche. Una volta introdotti gli strumenti fondamentali, si passa al modello di Sherringtone Kirkpatrick, in cui le interazioni sono estratte da una gaussiana standard ed indipendenti. Si provano l’esistenza del limite termodinamico e la correttezza del replica symmetry breaking ansatz di Parisi per l’energia libera. Il lower bound per quest'ultima è rigorosamente provato tramite lo schema di Aizenmann, Sims e Starr. Nei due capitoli successivi, sono stati studiati modelli multi-specie. Nel caso non disordinato, il modello multi-layer viene risolto. A seguire, un’analisi di modelli in cui la matrice di interazioni tra le specie è definita (negativa o positiva). Per sistemi multi-specie disordinati invece è stato analizzato solo il caso ellittico, con matrice delle covarianze delle interazioni definita positiva. Un caso iperbolico, la Deep Boltzmann Machine (DBM), è infine discusso. Proprio a causa dell'iperbolicità di questo modello si ha soltanto un upper bound, costruito con combinazioni delle energie libere di SK, che è più grande dell’energia libera. Delle prospettive interessanti emergono dallo studio della regione di annealing e di replica symmetry, due particolari regimi associati a fasi di alte temperature. Si può provare che, a campo esterno nullo, la stabilità della soluzione replica symmetric è implicata dalle stesse condizioni che assicurano l’annealing. Per finire, si mostra che, trovando degli opportuni fattori di forma, ovvero i rapporti tra le taglie dei layers della DBM, la regione di annealing di questo modello può essere compressa.
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Ciomaga, Hatnean Monica. "Synthèse et étude de composés Ga₂₋ₓFeₓO₃." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00868789.
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Une sous-classe intéressante de matériaux multiferroïques est celle des composés multiferroïques magnétoélectriques, dans lesquels il existe un couplage entre les paramètres d'ordres ferroïques (magnétique et électrique). De ce point de vue, la classe des matériaux Ga₂₋ₓFeₓO₃ a attiré l'attention des chercheurs. Ces composés sont actuellement connus pour leur température de transition élevée ainsi que pour l'interaction possible entre leurs propriétés ferrimagnétiques et piézoélectriques. Leur structure cristallographique et magnétique est assez complexe, du fait du désordre de substitution interne Fe/Ga. Les oxydes M₂Ga₂Fe₂O₉ (M=In, Sc) appartiennent à cette même famille de matériaux et ont été synthétisés pour la première fois afin d'obtenir une structure cristallographique ordonnée de GaFeO₃. Afin d'étudier les propriétés physiques de ces différents composés, nous avons synthétisé par la méthode de la zone flottante (au four à image), en utilisant différentes conditions de croissance, des monocristaux de composition Ga₂₋ₓFeₓO₃ (x=0.90, 1.00 et 1.10). Nous avons également élaboré des échantillons polycristallins de composés GaFeO₃ faiblement dopés en indium ainsi que le composé M₂Ga₂Fe₂O₉ (M=In, Sc). Nous avons enfin préparé de monocristaux de composition In₂Ga₂Fe₂O₉ par la méthode de croissance en flux. L'affinement Rietveld des diffractogrammes des rayons X et des neutrons nous a permis de montrer que les céramiques de GaFeO₃ faiblement dopées en indium et les monocristaux de Ga₂₋ₓFeₓO₃ cristallisent dans le groupe d'espace Pc2₁n. Les paramètres cristallins et la température de Néel caractéristiques pour les monocristaux de Ga₂₋ₓFeₓO₃ varient de manière linéaire avec la teneur en fer. Les affinements nous ont permis de conclure que la structure de ces composés est caractérisée par un désordre élevée (25% de la quantité du fer se trouve sur les sites natifs du gallium). L'incorporation graduelle de l'indium s'accompagne d'une augmentation du volume de la maille ainsi qu'à une diminution de la température de transition magnétique. Le spectre d'excitations magnétiques mesuré pour les cristaux de Ga₂₋ₓFeₓO₃ nous a permis de mettre en évidence une coexistence de l'ordre ferrimagnétique à longue portée et d'un signal de diffusion diffuse en-dessous de la température de Néel. Ce signal diffus suggère l'existence d'une composante de type verre de spin du fait du désordre interne des sites. L'étude de la variation thermique de la constante diélectrique sur un cristal de GaFeO₃ révèle l'absence d'un couplage magnétoélectrique au sein de ces matériaux. L'affinement Rietveld des diagrammes de diffraction des rayons X et des neutrons mesurés sur les poudres de M₂Ga₂Fe₂O₉ (M=In, Sc) révèle une structure orthorhombique de type Pba2 fortement désordonnée, avec quatre sites cationiques d'occupation mixte. Les données de susceptibilité DC et AC couplées avec les mesures de chaleur spécifique et les spectres Mössbauer indiquent, en-dessous d'une température de Tg ≈ 19 K, l'existence d'un état fondamental de type verre de spin dans ce système. Les mesures du spectre d'excitations magnétiques ont mis en évidence l'absence d'ordre magnétique à longue portée et confirment l'existence d'une transition d'un état paramagnétique vers un état verre de spins. L'existence d'un comportement de type verre de spin dans les systèmes Ga₂₋ₓFeₓO₃ et M₂Ga₂Fe₂O₉ (M=In, Sc) souligne l'importance du désordre interne pour la caractérisation de l'état fondamental magnétique.
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Didier, Herisson. "Mesure de relations de fluctuation-dissipation dans un verre de spin." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002055.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail de thèse présente un dispositif expérimental original permettant la mesure, dans des conditions comparables, des fluctuations de l'aimantation d'un échantillon et de sa réponse à un champ magnétique. Une comparaison quantitative permet, via le théorème de fluctuation-dissipation, une mesure absolue de la température lorsque l'échantillon est à l'équilibre thermodynamique. Pour des systèmes vitreux, la "température effective" ---une extension conservant le formalisme du théorème de fluctuation-dissipation de la température pour les système à faible production d'entropie--- est rendue accessible. Un échantillon "verre de spin" ($CdCr_{1,7}In_{0,3}S_4$) aux propriétés vitreuses étudiées depuis de nombreuses années a permis cette mesure. Le régime fortement vieillissant, non-stationnaire, est étudié; la mesure nécessaire des fluctuations thermiques est très délicates (l'amplitude de ces fluctuations correspond à la réponse de l'échantillon à des variations de l'ordre du millionième du champ magnétique terrestre). Les résultats obtenus montrent en premier lieu une dynamique de quasi-équilibre, confirmant des résultats précédents. Le régime fortement vieillissant est maintenant également atteint. Toutefois, les mesures ne peuvent pas être traduites directement en terme de température effective, car expérimentalement, on observe systématiquement la coexistence d'une dynamique stationnaire et de la dynamique de vieillissement. Une analyse par scaling est proposée pour séparer ces deux contributions. Sous réserve de validité de cette analyse, les mesures confirment alors les principales caractéristiques attendues pour la température effective, et notamment son indépendance en fonction de l'âge du système.
Les différents modèles connus ne permettent cependant pas d'expliquer complètement toutes les caractéristiques de la température effective mesurée, certaines d'entre elles paraissant encore antinomiques...
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Chandra, Sayan. "Magnetization Dynamics and Related Phenomena in Nanostructures." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4877.
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Collective magnetic behavior in nanostructures is a phenomenon commonly observed in various magnetic systems. It arises due to competing inter/intra–particle interactions and size distribution and can manifest in phenomena like magnetic freezing, magnetic aging, and exchange bias (EB) effect. In order to probe these rather complex phenomena, conventional DC and AC magnetic measurements have been performed along with radio–frequency transverse susceptibility (TS) measurements. We also demonstrate the magnetic entropy change as a parameter sensitive to subtle changes in the magnetization dynamics of nanostructures. The focus of this dissertation is to study the collective magnetic behavior in core-shell nanostructures of Fe/γ–Fe2O3 and Co/CoO, La0.5Sr0.5MnO3 nanowires, and LaMnO3 nanoparticles.
In the case of core/shell Fe/γ–Fe2O3, we found the particles to critically slow down below the glass transition temperature, below which they exhibit aging effects associated with a superspin glass (SSG) state. We demonstrate that it is possible to identify individual magnetic responses of the Fe core and the γ–Fe2O3 shell. Consistently, a systematic study of the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in the Fe/γ–Fe2O3 system reveals the development of inverse MCE with peaks associated with the individual magnetic freezing of the core and the shell. From these obtained results, we establish a general criterion for EB to develop in core/shell nanostructures, that is when the core is in the frozen state and the magnetic moments in the shell begin to block. This criterion is shown to be valid for both ferromagnetic/ferrimagnetic (FM/FIM) Fe/γ–Fe2O3 and ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic (FM/AFM) Co/CoO core–shell nanostructures. We also elucidate the physical origin of the occurrence of asymmetry in field-cooled hysteresis loops and its dependence on magnetic anisotropy in the Co/CoO system by performing a detailed TS study.
We have performed a detailed magnetic study on hydrothermally synthesized single crystalline La0.5Sr0.5MnO3 nanowires. The temperature and field dependent evolution of the different magnetic phases leading to development of the inverse MCE and EB in the nanowires is discussed. Finally, we have studied the collective magnetic behavior of LaMnO3 nanoparticles synthesized by the sol–gel technique. The nanoparticle ensemble shows the unusual co–existence of super-ferromagnetism (SFM), as well as the SSG state, which we term the 'ferromagnetic superglass' (FSG) state. The existence of FSG and the characteristics of its magnetic ground state are discussed.
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Al, Baalbaky Ahmed. "Modélisation des propriétés magnéto-électriques d'oxydes de métaux de transition anisotropes." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR095/document.
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Les oxydes de métaux de transition sont largement utilisés en raison de leurs propriétés fondamentales intéressantes et de leurs applications importantes. En particulier, CuCrO2 est d’un intérêt particulier parce qu’il possède un état multiferroïque en absence de champ magnétique. Dans cette thèse, nous modélisons les propriétés magnéto-électriques de CuCrO2 par simulations Monte Carlo basées sur des paramètres magnétiques déterminés par calculs ab initio. Nous étudions également l’effet du dopage du Ga sur les propriétés magnéto-électriques du composé CuCr1-xGaxO2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0:3). Nos résultats sontqualitativement en accord avec les observations expérimentalesTransition metal oxides are widely used due to their interesting fundamental properties and important applications. In particular, CuCrO2 is of special interest because it enters the multiferroic state in zero magnetic fields. In this thesis we model the magnetoelectric properties of CuCrO2 using Monte Carlo simulations with the help of ab initio calculations.We also investigate the effect of Ga doping on the magnetoelectric properties of CuCr1-xGaxO2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0:3). Our results are well comparable to the experimental observations
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Merino, Rafael Alejandro Cajacuri. "Propriedades magnéticas dos compostos de Laves Hf (Fe(1-x)Cr(x))2 e (Nb(1-x)Zr(x)) Fe2." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-23042009-000241/.
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O objeto desta pesquisa consiste em investigar as propriedades estruturais, magnéticas e hiperfinas dos compostos pseudobinários de fases de Laves: Hf(Fe(1-x)Cr(x))2 e (Nb(1-x)Zr(x))Fe2. Para o Hf(Fe(1-x)Cr(x))2, preparamos as amostras como ligas policristalinas e as fundimos por síntese nas concentrações: x = 0,0; 0,1; 0,2; 0,3; 0,4; 0,5; 0,6; 0,7; 0,8; 0,9 e 1,0. O mesmo foi feito para as amostras de (Nb(1-x)Zr(x))Fe2 nas concentrações x = 0,0; 0,1; 0,2; 0,3; 0,4 e 0,5. Todas as amostras fundiram-se num forno de fusão de arco, sob atmosfera de argônio ultrapuro (99.999%). Em seguida investigamos a estrutura cristalina das ligas pelo método do pó, com a técnica de difratometria de Raios X (XRD), obtendo-se os parâmetros de rede e confirmando-se a estrutura de fase hexagonal C14 para as amostras Hf(Fe(1-x)Cr(x))2 nas concentrações 0,0 <= x < 0,9, bem como em todas as outras amostras de (Nb(1-x)Zr(x))Fe2. Depois, determinamos as propriedades magnéticas das ligas Hf(Fe(1-x)Cr(x))2 pela técnica de magnetização a baixas temperaturas em baixos campos magnéticos aplicados de 0 a 7 T e em altos campos magnéticos aplicados de 0 a 16 T. As suscetibilidades AC e DC a baixos campos magnéticos com temperaturas de 4,2 K a 300 K, FC e ZFC, nos indicaram que as ligas de concentrações 0,4 <= x < 0,8 apresentam comportamento \'vidro de spin\', sendo que em x <= 0,3 são aglomerados magnéticos com interação de curto alcance e em x = 0,9 é um superparamagnético. Por tanto, os valores dos momentos magnéticos por átomo de Fe foram calculados para todas as amostras. As medidas de spectroscopia Mössbauer das mesmas amostras de Hf(Fe(1-x)Cr(x))2, na temperatura ambiente, apresentam dois sextetos para a mostras com x = 0,2 e dois dubletos quadrupolares para as demais composições, atribuídos aos sítios cristalográficos 2a e 6h do Fe. Por outra parte, os espectros Mössbauer das amostras de (Nb(1-x)Zr(x))Fe2 à temperatura de 4,2 K, sem campo magnético aplicado e com campo magnético aplicado de 6 e 12 T, sugerem que estes compostos se encontram em um balanço em que coexistem as fases ferromagnéticas e antiferromagnéticas. Finalmente, notamos que no composto (Nb0.6Zr0.4)Fe2 há, uma possível existência de comportamento paramagnético nos Fe do sítio cristalino 2a e, ao mesmo tempo, pouca certeza que o valor do momento magnético seja nulo neste sítio cristalino.The object of this research consists of investigating the structural, magnetic and hiperfine properties of the pseudobinar Laves phases compounds Hf(Fe(1-x)Cr(x))2 and (Nb(1-x)Zr(x))Fe2. We prepared polycristaline samples alloys and for synthesis melting in the concentrations: x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 e 1.0, for the Hf(Fe(1-x)Cr(x))2 and in the concentrations: x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 e 0.5 for (Nb(1-x)Zr(x))Fe2. We melted them in an arc furnace under pure Argon (99.999%) gas atmosphere. We investigated the cristaline structure of the alloys by the powder XRD technique, obtaining lattice parameters and confirming the structure of hexagonal phase C14 for the samples Hf(Fe(1-x)Cr(x))2 in the concentrations 0.0 <= x <= 0.9 and also in all the other samples produced of (Nb(1-x)Zr(x))Fe2. We investigate the magnetic properties of Hf(Fe(1-x)Cr(x))2 alloys bye the technique of magnetization at low temperatures and low magnetic field applied until 7 T and high magnetic field applied until 16 T. The susceptibility AC and DC at low magnetic fields and temperatures of 4.2 K until 300 indicated that alloys of concentrations 0.4 <= x < 0.8 show spin glass behavior, in x <= 0.3 they are magnetic clusters with short range interactions, and in x = 0.9 is superparamagnetic. The values of the magnetic moments for atom of Fe were calculated for all samples. We measured Mössbauer spectra of the same samples of Hf(Fe(1-x)Cr(x))2 at room temperature, obtaning two sextets for the samples with x < 0.2 and two quadrupolar doublets for the other compositions, that would be attributed to the cristalographic sites 2a and 6h. Also the Mössbauer spectrum of the samples (Nb(1-x)Zr(x))Fe2 at temperature of 4.2 K without magnetic field applied and with magnetic field applied of 6 and 12 T, suggest that those compounds show coexisting ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases. We could note for the compound (Nb0.6Zr0.4)Fe2 a possible existence of the paramagnetic behavior in the Fe of the cristalographic site 2a, but the magnetic moment in this site is not zero.
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Quilliam, Jeffrey. "Specific Heat of the Dilute, Dipolar-Coupled, Ising Magnet LiHoxY1-xF4." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/2964.
Full textAbstract:
The system LiHoxY1-xF4 is a nearly perfect example of a dilute, dipolar-coupled Ising magnet and, as such, it is an ideal testing ground for many theories in statistical mechanics. At low holmium concentration (x = 0. 045) an unusual spin liquid or "anti-glass" state was discovered in previous work [1]. This state does not exhibit a spin glass freezing transition as is expected for a long-range interaction. Instead, it shows dynamics which are consistent with a collection of low-frequency oscillators [2]. It was also seen to have sharp features in its specific heat [3]. We present heat capacity measurements on three samples at and around the concentration of the spin liquid state in zero magnetic field and in a temperature range from around 50 mK to 1 K. In contrast to previous measurements, we find no sharp features in the specific heat. The specific heat is a broad feature which is qualitatively consistent with that of a spin glass. The residual entropy as a function of x, obtained through a numerical integral of the data, however, is consistent with numerical simulations which predict a disappearance of spin glass ordering below a critical concentration of dipoles [4].
Also presented here, is ac susceptibility data on an x = 0. 45 sample which exhibits a paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition and is found to be consistent with previous work.
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Pusuluri, Sai Teja. "Exploring Neural Network Models with Hierarchical Memories and Their Use in Modeling Biological Systems." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1490116134938074.
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