Relevant bibliographies by topics / Spin valve

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Spin valve'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 September 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Spin valve.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Spin valve"

1

Huang, Biqin, Igor Altfeder, and Ian Appelbaum. "Spin-valve phototransistor." Applied Physics Letters 90, no. 5 (January 29, 2007): 052503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2436715.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Freitas, P. P., F. Silva, N. J. Oliveira, L. V. Melo, L. Costa, and N. Almeida. "Spin valve sensors." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 81, no. 1-3 (April 2000): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-4247(99)00159-4.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Huang, Y. W., C. K. Lo, Y. D. Yao, L. C. Hsieh, and J. H. Huang. "Spin-valve transistor." Journal of Applied Physics 97, no. 10 (May 15, 2005): 10D504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1852318.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Appelbaum, Ian, D. J. Monsma, K. J. Russell, V. Narayanamurti, and C. M. Marcus. "Spin-valve photodiode." Applied Physics Letters 83, no. 18 (November 3, 2003): 3737–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1623315.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Jian-Gang Zhu. "Spin valve and dual spin valve heads with synthetic antiferromagnets." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 35, no. 2 (March 1999): 655–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.750623.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Kimura, T., J. Hamrle, Y. Otani, K. Tsukagoshi, and Y. Aoyagi. "Enhancement of nonlocal spin-valve signal using spin accumulation in local spin-valve configuration." Applied Physics Letters 85, no. 22 (November 29, 2004): 5382–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1829772.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Hiep, Duong Dinh, Masaaki Tanaka, and Pham Nam Hai. "Inverse spin-valve effect in nanoscale Si-based spin-valve devices." Journal of Applied Physics 122, no. 22 (December 12, 2017): 223904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4994881.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Hill, E. W., A. K. Geim, K. Novoselov, F. Schedin, and P. Blake. "Graphene Spin Valve Devices." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 42, no. 10 (October 2006): 2694–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2006.878852.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Yanson, I. K., Yu G. Naidyuk, V. V. Fisun, A. Konovalenko, O. P. Balkashin, L. Yu Triputen, and V. Korenivski. "Surface Spin-Valve Effect." Nano Letters 7, no. 4 (April 2007): 927–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl0628192.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Fominov, Ya V., A. A. Golubov, T. Yu Karminskaya, M. Yu Kupriyanov, R. G. Deminov, and L. R. Tagirov. "Superconducting triplet spin valve." JETP Letters 91, no. 6 (March 2010): 308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s002136401006010x.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spin valve"

1

Huang, Biqin. "Optical spin valve effects." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 57 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1338919421&sid=9&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Garzon, Samir Y. "Spin injection and detection in copper spin valve structures." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2192.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.
Thesis research directed by: Physics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Hollingworth, Martin P. "Magnetostriction studies of spin valve components." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420790.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Kuhlmann, Nils Felix [Verfasser]. "Lateral spin-valve devices operated by spin pumping / Nils Felix Kuhlmann." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1052375383/34.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Hallan, André. "Material optimization for spin-thermo-electronic valve." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad fysik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-147355.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Talanana, Mohand. "Spin transport from first-principles: metallic multilayers and a model spin-valve transistor." Enschede : University of Twente [Host], 2006. http://doc.utwente.nl/57129.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Ozbay, Arif. "Noise and transport studies in spin valve structures." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 165 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1892027511&sid=10&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Samad, Abdus. "Structural and magnetic properties of spin valve structures." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624580.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Zocca, Andrea. "Produzione e funzionamento di un dispositivo spin valve." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7699/.

Full text
Abstract:
Il fenomeno della magnetoresistenza gigante (GMR) consiste nella marcata variazione della resistenza elettrica di una struttura in forma di film sottile, composta da un’alternanza di strati metallici ferromagnetici (FM) e non magnetici (NM), per effetto di un campo magnetico esterno. Esso è alla base di un gran numero di sensori e dispositivi magnetoelettronici (come ad esempio magnetiche ad accesso casuale, MRAM, ad alta densità) ed ulteriori innovazioni tecnologiche sono in via di elaborazione. Particolarmente rilevanti sono diventate le Spin Valve, dispositivi composti da due strati FM separati da uno spaziatore NM, metallico. Uno dei due film FM (free layer) è magneticamente più soffice rispetto all’altro (reference layer), la cui magnetizzazione è fissata mediante accoppiamento di scambio all’interfaccia con uno strato antiferromagnetico (AFM) adiacente. Tale accoppiamento causa l’insorgenza di una anisotropia magnetica unidirezionale (anisotropia di scambio) per lo strato FM, che si manifesta in uno shift orizzontale del ciclo di isteresi ad esso associato (effetto di exchange bias), solitamente accompagnato anche da un aumento del campo coercitivo. Questo lavoro di tesi riporta la deposizione e la caratterizzazione magnetica e magnetoresistiva di due valvole spin, una a struttura top (SVT) composta da strati di Si/Cu[5 nm]/Py[5 nm]/Cu[5 nm]/Py[5 nm]/IrMn[10 nm], ed una a struttura bottom (SVB), di composizione Si/Cu[5 nm]/IrMn[10 nm]/Py[5 nm]/Cu[5 nm]/Py[5 nm], allo scopo di verificare il comportamento magnetoresistivo gigante del dispositivo per questa particolare scelta dei materiali. I campioni sono stati depositati mediante DC Magnetron sputtering, e caratterizzati magneticamente mediante magnetometro SQUID; la caratterizzazione resistiva è stata eseguita tramite metodo di van der Pawn. Vengono infine presentati i risultati sperimentali, in cui si osserva una variazione di magnetoresistenza nei campioni nell’ordine del punto percentuale.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Rokitowski, Jared David. "Magneto refractive effect in pseudo spin valve thin films." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Spin valve"

1

C, Mallinson John, ed. Magneto-resistive and spin valve heads: Fundamentals and applications. 2nd ed. San Diego: Academic Press, 2002.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Vollmar, Jens. Spin-offs, Diversifikation und Shareholder Value. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-06559-1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Sethi, Rajiv K., Anna K. Wright, and Michael G. Vitale, eds. Value-Based Approaches to Spine Care. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31946-5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Adriano del Valle, mi padre. Sevilla: Renacimiento, 2006.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Chueca, Javier. Andar por el Valle de Benasque. Madrid: Accion Divulgativa, 1993.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

María, Serrano Sanz José, and Bandrés Eduardo, eds. Estructura económica del Valle del Ebro. Madrid: Espasa Calpe, 1992.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Lopez, J. Humberto. Estimating the value of travel time in San Sebastian (Spain). [s.l.]: typescript, 1991.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

El Valle de los Caídos. Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid: Espasa, 2009.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Calleja, José María. El Valle de los Caídos. Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid: Espasa, 2009.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

El registro arqueológico del valle de Miera. Oxford, England: Archaeopress, 2013.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Spin valve"

1

Hirota, Eiichi, Hirosi Sakakima, and Koichiro Inomata. "Spin-Valve Devices." In Giant Magneto-Resistance Devices, 71–113. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04777-4_4.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Lee, Jung-Rok, Richard S. Gaster, Drew A. Hall, and Shan X. Wang. "GMR Spin-Valve Biosensors." In Spintronics Handbook: Spin Transport and Magnetism, Second Edition, 471–97. Second edition. | Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2018. |: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429441189-15.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Van’ T Erve, O. M. J., R. Vlutters, P. S. Anil Kumar, S. D. Kim, R. Jansen, and J. C. Lodder. "A Highly Sensitive Spin-Valve Transistor." In Magnetic Storage Systems Beyond 2000, 441–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0624-8_40.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Sigov, Alexander S. "Spin-Valve Structure Ferromagnet–Antiferromagnet–Ferromagnet." In Multilayer Magnetic Nanostructures, 81–108. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6246-2_7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Bhaumik, S., S. K. Ray, and A. K. Das. "Spin Valve Effect in Mn0.05Ge0.95/p-Si Structure." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 433–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34216-5_42.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Heer, R., J. Smoliner, J. Bornemeier, and H. Brückl. "Temperature Dependent Transport in Spin Valve Transistor Structures." In Nonequilibrium Carrier Dynamics in Semiconductors, 159–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-36588-4_35.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Paetzold, Andreas, Christian Loch, and Klaus Röll. "Thermal Stability of Film Systems for Spin-Valve Applications." In Functional Materials, 24–29. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527607420.ch5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Gurney, B. A., M. Carey, C. Tsang, M. Williams, S. S. P. Parkin, R. E. Fontana, E. Grochowski, M. Pinarbasi, T. Lin, and D. Mauri. "Spin Valve Giant Magnetoresistive Sensor Materials for Hard Disk Drives." In Ultrathin Magnetic Structures IV, 149–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27164-3_6.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Dieny, B., V. S. Speriosu, J. P. Nozières, B. A. Gurney, A. Vedyayev, and N. Ryzhanova. "Magnetoresistance of Spin-Valve Sandwiches and Multilayers (Experiments and Theories)." In Magnetism and Structure in Systems of Reduced Dimension, 279–94. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1519-1_24.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Kuncser, V., G. Schinteie, P. Palade, I. Mustata, C. P. Lungu, N. Stefan, H. Chiriac, R. Vladoiu, and G. Filoti. "Spin configurations and interfacial diffusion in exchange bias and spin valve systems with Ir–Mn antiferromagnetic pinning layers." In ISIAME 2008, 465–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01370-6_62.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Spin valve"

1

Duong, D. H., M. Tanaka, and N. H. Pham. "Inverse spin-valve effect in MBE-grown nanoscale Si spin-valve devices." In 2017 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2017.ps-12-08.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Kim, Y. M., Joonyeon Chang, Hyunjung Yi, H. C. Koo, S. H. Han, and W. Y. Lee. "Silicon based spin valve device." In INTERMAG Asia 2005: Digest of the IEEE International Magnetics Conference. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intmag.2005.1463741.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Hill, E., A. K. Geim, K. S. Novoselov, P. Blake, and F. Schedin. "Graphene Based Spin Valve Devices." In INTERMAG 2006 - IEEE International Magnetics Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intmag.2006.376109.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Huang, Y. W., C. K. Lo, Y. D. Yao, D. R. Huang, and J. H. Huang. "Sub-micro size spin-valve transistor." In INTERMAG Asia 2005: Digest of the IEEE International Magnetics Conference. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intmag.2005.1464032.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Yan, Chong, Jun Yu, Yun-bo Wang, Wen-li Zhou, Ji-fan Xie, Jun-xiong Gao, and Dong-xiang Zhou. "Spin-dependent scattering in CoFe/Cu/NiFe spin valve trilayers." In International Conference on Sensing units and Sensor Technology, edited by Yikai Zhou and Shunqing Xu. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.440240.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Iwasaki, H., H. Fukuzawa, Y. Kamiguchi, H. N. Fuke, K. Saito, K. Koi, and M. Sahashi. "Spin filter spin valve heads with ultrathin CoFe free layers." In IEEE International Magnetics Conference. IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intmag.1999.837252.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Nomura, Tatsuya, Kohei Ohnishi, and Takashi Kimura. "Large spin current injection in nano-pillar-based lateral spin valve." In FRONTIERS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE (FMS2015): Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Frontiers in Materials Science. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4961344.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Sun, Jonathan Z., T. S. Kuan, J. A. Katine, and Roger H. Koch. "Spin angular momentum transfer in a current-perpendicular spin-valve nanomagnet." In Integrated Optoelectronic Devices 2004, edited by Manijeh Razeghi and Gail J. Brown. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.521195.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Seo, J. H., J. J. Lim, L. Jin, K. E. Lee, E. A. Gan'shina, C. G. Kim, and C. O. Kim. "Magneto-optical properties of spin valve structure." In INTERMAG Asia 2005: Digest of the IEEE International Magnetics Conference. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intmag.2005.1463610.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Takano, K., N. Yamanaka, Y. Iwai, M. Sakai, K. Fukuda, and M. Matsuzaki. "Write induced instability in spin-valve heads." In IEEE International Magnetics Conference. IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intmag.1999.837109.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Spin valve"

1

Stork, Dena. The value of the SPI in forecasting chronic stuttering. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6168.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Mora-Sanguinetti, Juan S., Javier Quintana, Isabel Soler, and Rok Spruk. Sector-level economic effects of regulatory complexity: evidence from Spain. Madrid: Banco de España, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/29854.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper studies for the first time the impact on various measures of economic efficiency of regulatory complexity by sector in Spain. We base our analysis on an innovative database that classifies 206,777 regulations by economic sector and region, which highlights the growing volume of regulation, as well as its diversity by sector, region and business cycle stage. This analysis first looks at the aggregate impacts of sectoral regulatory complexity on the employment-to-population ratio, total working hours, sectoral GDP shares, labour intensity and capital intensity. Secondly it delves into the heterogeneous impacts observed across firms of different sizes and ages, drawing on the MCVL (Continuous Work History Sample), a rich database at the enterprise level. On the first front, we estimate a set of multiple fixed-effects model specifications across 13 economic sectors, 23 regulatory sectors and 17 Spanish regions over the period 1995-2020. Our results suggest that greater regulatory complexity has a negative impact on the employment rate and on value added. The effect on employment is consistent with previous findings for the United States. In particular, ceteris paribus, each additional increase in the regulatory complexity index is associated with a 0.7 percent drop in the sector-level employment share. Furthermore, our findings suggest that several distortionary sector-level effects of increasing regulatory complexity are taking place. For instance, markedly lower labour intensity and decreased sector-level investment rates, which confirm that greater regulatory complexity entails non-trivial sector-level costs. Distortionary effects of regulatory complexity materialise through compositional differences, mainly in the form of reduced wages and a lower investment rate.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Martínez Jorge, Angel, and Javier Martínez Santos. Heterogeneous response and spillover effects of SSB taxes. Esade EcPol, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56269/20230327/amj.

Full text
Abstract:
In this paper we evaluate the taxation of sugar-sweetened and edulcorated beverages by using the natural quasi-experiment in Spain: in 2021 an increase in Value Added Tax was introduced in all regions of Spain except for some of them, which do not have VAT. These regions serve as a control group offering a unique opportunity in the literature for two reasons, the guarantee of avoiding cross-border consumer movements due to their geographical location and the opportunity to have a household consumption database with a rich set of characteristics. We find a pass-through of the tax to prices of over 95\% and a fall in soft drink consumption of 15\% among the poorest tertile of households, especially among those with children aged 5-16. In addition, we find a significant reduction in spending on unhealthy complementary goods among the same households in the first tertile. However, the remaining households did not react to the tax by reducing either their consumption of soft drinks or their consumption of complementary goods. Our results show the importance of considering the structure and economic capacity of the household, as well as the response of the consumption of complementary goods, when assessing the effect of this type of tax on consumption.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Ivanova, Iryna, and Elena Afanasieva. MODEL OF INTERACTION BETWEEN ADVERTISING, PR AND JOURNALISM. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11060.

Full text
Abstract:
The article is an overview of the journalism – PR – advertising relationship at the terminological, empirical-analytical and practical levels. It traces the state of the discussion of these correlations in the post-soviet media such as Ukraine. The study describes that domesticating the importance of the appropriate partnership between the three communication technologies. The thesis is that journalism, advertising and PR create a mutual connection that takes place in an atmosphere of PR and advertising permissiveness and deepens with the development of digitalization, Social network development. The present research is based on a comprehensive approach. The inductive and deductive methods are adopted to discuss theoretical materials, and the interdisciplinary research method is used to detect PR-specific features as a philosophy of a new journalism project. The interpretive approach, usually employed to analyze media text as a complex synthetic structure, was also taken into consideration. The analytical method application identified the modern means of substantiating the ideological, esthetical and informative value of brand journalism and spin doctor. The innovative character of modern media as a behavioral strategy in the advertising and PR industry consists in the fact that it is a form of creative production and behavior rather than adapting a specific communication situation. The article examines the main directions of contemporary interactions between PR, advertising and journalism as a media content creation. In this context, it is asserted that advertising, journalism and PR activities can contribute to the creation of media content. At some point, good media content is achieved not only as a result of this competition but also from the correlation between PR, advertising and journalism.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Mosqueira, Edgardo, Francisco Gaetani, and Mariano Lafuente. Brazil: Ministry of the Economy: Analysis of Key Functions and their Operational Macroprocesses: Benchmarking Operational Macroprocesses with Experiences from Canada, France, Peru, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004294.

Full text
Abstract:
This technical note benchmarks Brazils Ministry of the Economy (ME) value chains and macroprocesses against relevant management models and practices used by ministries of finance, economy, or equivalent in selected Latin American and Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. This analysis, undertaken in the context of the creation of the ME by merging five former ministries, was intended to help identify gaps in current practices and propose recommendations for enhancing specific macroprocesses in Brazil. A team, including former ministers of finance and experts from these selected countries, participated in the technical analysis and discussions together with specialists from the Inter-American Development Bank. The findings show: (i) positive initial results after the merge in terms of policy coordination, coherence, and efficiency; (ii) recent policy reforms in line with OECD practices, some of which have just started to be implemented; and (iii) opportunities to continue enhancing management practices in selected macroprocesses.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Leveque, E., M. Zarea, R. Batisse, and P. Roovers. IPC-BST-R01 Burst Strength of Gouges in Low Toughness Gas Transmission Pipes. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011781.

Full text
Abstract:
EPRG research aimed at establishing a limit on the toughness value that separates toughness-dependent from toughness-independent failure behavior. More specifically, one objective is to evaluate the toughness-dependent Battelle formula for burst resistance of gouges for (very) low toughness values. This mainly experimental project checks this behavior on several gas transmission pipes, a small diameter one, 150 mm, a medium diameter one, 350 mm, and a large diameter one, 900 mm. Pipe material is carefully characterized in terms of tensile properties, Charpy energy, and shear area. Then, based on the toughness independent criterion, a set of gouges is defined, of different depths/lengths, so as to span the different regions of the criterion, covering both short and long defects. These defects are manufactured by spark erosion, resulting in thin slits. Each such slit is incorporated into a vessel that is submitted to a burst test, with a number of additional measurements, like strain gauges on the pipe surface, a clip gauge et the center of the defect. For the small and medium sized pipes, temperature is also controlled during the test, to ensure it is as low as practically feasible, without heavy infrastructure. The results are interpreted both in terms of comparison with the criteria, and also in terms of analysis of the failure surface, to identify failure mechanisms.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Katzir, Nurit, James Giovannoni, and Joseph Burger. Genomic approach to the improvement of fruit quality in melon (Cucumis melo) and related cucurbit crops. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7587224.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Fruit quality is determined by numerous genetic traits that affect taste, aroma, texture, pigmentation, nutritional value and duration of shelf-life. The molecular basis of many of these important traits is poorly understood and it’s understanding offers an excellent opportunity for adding value to agricultural products. Improvement of melon fruit quality was the primary goal of the project. The original objectives of the project were: The isolation of a minimum of 1000 fruit specific ESTs. The development of a microarray of melon fruit ESTs. The analysis of gene expression in melon using melon and tomato fruit enriched microarrays. A comprehensive study of fruit gene expression of the major cucurbit crops. In our current project we have focused on the development of genomics tools for the enhancement of melon research with an emphasis on fruit, specifically the first public melon EST collection. We have also developed a database to relay this information to the research community and developed a publicly available microarray. The release of this information was one of the catalysts for the establishment of the International Cucurbit Genomic Initiative (ICuGI, Barcelona, Spain, July 2005) aimed at collecting and generating up to 100,000 melon EST sequences in 2006, leveraging a significant expansion of melon genomic resources. A total of 1000 ESTs were promised under the original proposal (Objective 1). Non-subtracted mature fruit and young fruit flesh of a climacteric variety in addition to a non-climacteric variety resulted in the majority of additional EST sequences for a total of 4800 attempted reads. 3731 high quality sequences from independent ESTs were assembled, representing 2,467 melon unigenes (1,873 singletons, 594 contigs). In comparison, as of June 2004, a total of 170 melon mRNA sequences had been deposited in GENBANK. The current project has thus resulted in nearly five- fold the number of ESTs promised and ca. 15-fold increase in the depth of publicly available melon gene sequences. All of these sequences have been deposited in GENBANK and are also available and searchable via multiple approaches in the public database (http://melon.bti.cornell.edu). Our database was selected as the central location for presentation of public melon EST data of the International Cucurbit Genomic Initiative. With the available unigenes we recently constructed a microarray, which was successfully applied in hybridizations (planned public release by August 2006). Current gene expression analyses focus on fruit development and on comparative studies between climacteric and non-climacteric melons. Earlier, expression profiling was conducted using macroarrays developed at the preliminary stage of the project. This analysis replaced the study of tomato microarray following the recommendations of the reviewers and the panel of the original project. Comparative study between melon and other cucurbit crops have begun, mainly with watermelon, in collaboration with Dr. Amnon Levi (USDA-ARS). In conclusion, all four objectives have been addressed and achieved. In the continuation project that have been approved we plan to apply the genomic tools developed here to achieve detailed functional analyses of genes associated with major metabolic pathway.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Kahima, Samuel, Solomon Rukundo, and Victor Phillip Makmot. Tax Certainty? The Private Rulings Regime in Uganda in Comparative Perspective. Institute of Development Studies, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2021.001.

Full text
Abstract:
Taxpayers sometimes engage in complex transactions with uncertain tax treatment, such as mergers, acquisitions, demergers and spin-offs. With the rise of global value chains and proliferation of multinational corporations, these transactions increasingly involve transnational financial arrangements and cross-border dealings, making tax treatment even more uncertain. If improperly structured, such transactions could have costly tax consequences. One approach to dealing with this uncertainty is to create a private rulings regime, whereby a taxpayer applies for a private ruling by submitting a statement detailing the transaction (proposed or completed) to the tax authority. The tax authority interprets and applies the tax laws to the requesting taxpayer’s specific set of facts in a written private ruling. The private ruling offers taxpayers certainty as to how the tax authority views the transaction, and the tax treatment the taxpayer can expect based on the specific facts presented. Private rulings are a common feature of many tax systems around the world, and their main goal is to promote tax certainty and increase investor confidence in the tax system. This is especially important in a developing country like Uganda, whose tax laws are often amended and may not anticipate emerging transnational tax issues. Private rulings in Uganda may be applied for in writing prior to or after engaging in the transaction. The Tax Procedures Code Act (TPCA), which provides for private rulings, requires applicants to make a full and true disclosure of the transaction before a private ruling may be issued. This paper evaluates the Ugandan private rulings regime, offering a comparative perspective by highlighting similarities and contrasts between the Ugandan regime and that of other jurisdictions, including the United States, Australia, South Africa and Kenya. The Ugandan private rulings regime has a number of strengths. It is not just an administrative measure as in some jurisdictions, but is based on statute. Rulings are issued from a central office – instead of different district offices, which may result in conflicting rulings. Rather than an elaborate appeals process, the private ruling is only binding on the URA and not on the taxpayer, so a dissatisfied taxpayer can simply ignore the ruling. The URA team that handles private rulings has diverse professional backgrounds, which allows for a better understanding of applications. There are, however, a number of limitations of the Ugandan private rulings system. The procedure of revocation of a private ruling is uncertain. Private rulings are not published, which makes them a form of ‘secret law’. There is no fee for private rulings, which contributes to a delay in the process of issuing one. There is understaffing in the unit that handles private rulings. Finally, there remains a very high risk of bias against the taxpayer because the unit is answerable to a Commissioner whose chief mandate is collection of revenue. A reform of the private rulings regime is therefore necessary, and this would include clarifying the circumstances under which revocation may occur, introducing an application fee, increasing the staffing of the unit responsible, and placing the unit under a Commissioner who does not have a collection mandate. While the private rulings regime in Uganda has shortcomings, it remains an essential tool in supporting investor confidence in the tax regime.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Ford, Adam T., Marcel Huijser, and Anthony P. Clevenger. Long-term responses of an ecological community to highway mitigation measures. Nevada Department of Transportation, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/ndot2022.06.

Full text
Abstract:
In road mitigation systems characterized by multiple wildlife crossing structures (CS) and multiple-focal species, these species-specific design criteria are important to meeting management goals. CS types and locations are fixed in place and cannot be manipulated experimentally; long term studies may offer the best chance to inform evidence-based designs for new CS projects in the future. Long-term data from Banff National Park are uniquely posed to answer these critical questions. More recently, highway mitigation along US93 in Montana provides an additional case study with which to understand the responses of large animals to different CS designs. The purpose of this study is to identify factors affecting movement of large mammals through CS using data sets from both mitigation projects. Year-round monitoring of CS use was used in an analytical framework to address questions regarding species-specific and community level use of CS; design and habitat factors that best explain species-specific variation; and whether importance of design parameters changes over time. Over the 17 years of the Banff study, and the six years of the Montana study, CS facilitated over 200,000 crossing events at 55 locations. There were significant changes in annual crossing events over time. Variables associated with CS passage rates were species specific, but aligned with a few clusters of preference. With the exception of coyotes, all large carnivore species preferred open span bridges or overpasses to other CS types. In Montana, fencing was positively associated with passage rates for black bears and cougars. We found that wider CS tend to be preferred by most species, irrespective of their location. We also found that wider CS tend to have shorter ‘adaptation’ curves than narrower ones for grizzly bears, coyotes, cougars, and moose. Depending on the heterogeneity of the landscape near the highway, more CS may not create more crossing opportunities if local habitat conditions do not favor animals’ access to the road. At the scale of ecological communities, the flows of mass and energy are likely enough to alter the distribution of ecological processes in the Banff and Montana ecosystems. Our results highlight the value of long-term monitoring for assessing the effectiveness of mitigation measures. Our work confirms the species-specific nature of measure CS performance, leading to our primary recommendation that a diversity of CS designs be considered an essential part of a well-designed mitigation system for the large mammals of western North America. Short-term monitoring efforts may fail to accurately portray the ecological benefits of mitigation for populations and ecological communities. Our results will help to inform design and aid in the establishment of robust, long-term performance measures.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Nilsson Lewis, Astrid, Kaidi Kaaret, Eileen Torres Morales, Evelin Piirsalu, and Katarina Axelsson. Accelerating green public procurement for decarbonization of the construction and road transport sectors in the EU. Stockholm Environment Institute, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2023.007.

Full text
Abstract:
Public procurement of goods and services contributes to about 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions. In the EU, public purchasing represents 15% of its GDP, acting as a major influencer on the market through the products and services acquired by governments from the local to national levels. The public sector has a role to play in leveraging this purchasing power to achieve the best societal value for money, particularly as we scramble to bend the curve of our planet’s warming. Globally, the construction and transport sectors each represent about 12% of government procurements’ GHG emissions. Furthermore, these sectors’ decarbonization efforts demand profound and disruptive technological shifts. Hence, prioritizing these sectors can make the greatest impact towards reducing the environmental footprint of the public sector and support faster decarbonization of key emitting industries. Meanwhile, the EU committed to achieving 55% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030 compared to 1990 levels. Drastic emissions reductions are needed at an unprecedented speed and scale to achieve this goal. Green Public Procurement (GPP) is the practice of purchasing goods and services using environmental requirements, with the aim of cutting carbon emissions and mitigating environmental harm throughout the life cycle of the product or service. While the EU and many of its Member States alike have recognized GPP as an important tool to meet climate goals, the formalization of GPP requirements at the EU level or among local and national governments has been fragmented. We call for harmonization to achieve the consistency, scale and focus required to make GPP practices a powerful decarbonization tool. We surveyed the landscape of GPP in the EU, with a focus on construction and road transport. Through interviews and policy research, we compiled case studies of eight Member States with different profiles: Sweden, the Netherlands, France, Germany, Estonia, Poland, Spain and Italy. We used this information to identify solutions and best practices, and to set forth recommendations on how the EU and its countries can harmonize and strengthen their GPP policies on the path toward cutting their contributions to climate change. What we found was a scattered approach to GPP across the board, with few binding requirements, little oversight and scant connective tissue from national to local practices or across different Member States, making it difficult to evaluate progress or compare practices. Interviewees, including policy makers, procurement experts and procurement officers from the featured Member States, highlighted the lack of time or resources to adopt progressive GPP practices, with no real incentive to pursue it. Furthermore, we found a need for more awareness and clear guidance on how to leverage GPP for impactful societal outcomes. Doing so requires better harmonized processes, data, and ways to track the impact and progress achieved. That is not to say it is entirely neglected. Most Member States studied highlight GPP in various national plans and have set targets accordingly. Countries, regions, and cities such as the Netherlands, Catalonia and Berlin serve as beacons of GPP with robust goals and higher ambition. They lead the way in showing how GPP can help mitigate climate change. For example, the Netherlands is one of the few countries that monitors the effects of GPP, and showed that public procurement for eight product groups in 2015 and 2016 led to at least 4.9 metric tons of avoided GHG emissions. Similarly, a monitoring report from 2017 showed that the State of Berlin managed to cut its GHG emissions by 47% through GPP in 15 product groups. Spain’s Catalonia region set a goal of 50% of procurements using GPP by 2025, an all-electric in public vehicle fleet and 100% renewable energy powering public buildings by 2030. Drawing from these findings, we developed recommendations on how to bolster GPP and scale it to its full potential. In governance, policies, monitoring, implementation and uptake, some common themes exist. The need for: • Better-coordinated policies • Common metrics for measuring progress and evaluating tenders • Increased resources such as time, funding and support mechanisms • Greater collaboration and knowledge exchange among procurers and businesses • Clearer incentives, binding requirements and enforcement mechanisms, covering operational and embedded emissions With a concerted and unified movement toward GPP, the EU and its Member States can send strong market signals to the companies that depend on them for business, accelerating the decarbonization process that our planet requires.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Spin valve' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography