Relevant bibliographies by topics / Spinal cord, diseases, treatment

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Spinal cord, diseases, treatment'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Spinal cord, diseases, treatment"

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Caplan, L. R. "SPINAL CORD DISEASES—DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT." Brain 122, no. 9 (September 1999): 1793–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/122.9.1793-a.

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HALL, G. "Spinal Cord Diseases-Diagnosis and Treatment." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 67, no. 1 (July 1, 1999): 132d. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.67.1.132d.

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Wang, Wen. "Spinal Cord Diseases: Diagnosis and Treatment." Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy 25, no. 3 (March 2003): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0891-0618(03)00008-5.

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Kuleshov, A. A., A. N. Shkarubo, Il’ya S. Gromov, M. S. Vetrile, I. N. Lisyanskiy, S. N. Makarov, I. V. Chernov, E. V. Mitrofanova, and G. P. Ponomarenko. "Surgical treatment for nontumorous diseases of craniovertebral region." N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics 25, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vto201825136-41.

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Purpose: to evaluate the efficacy of surgical treatment for the non-tumorous diseases of the craniovertebral region. Patients and Methods. Forty five patients aged 4 - 63 years (mean age 27 years) with non-tumorous diseases of the craniovertebral region were operated on. Either one- or two-step surgical interventions for spinal cord decompression were performed. Early and long term results were evaluated by Frankel, JAO and River scales. In 5 cases the assessment of volumetric craniovertebral interrelationships (VCVI). Results. Good results were obtained in 43 (96%) patients at terms from 1 to 15 years. In 1 patient with mucopolysaccharidoses the aggravation of neurologic symptoms was observed and in 1 case a fatal outcome occurred. VCVI analysis showed a significant improvement of liquor dynamics right up to its normalization in the zone of decompression. Conclusion. Treatment of craniovertebral region diseases requires a differential approach. When necessary to eliminate ventral spinal cord compression it is expedient to perform either transoral or endoscopic transnasal decompression, or transoral spinal cord (myelencephalon) decompression with anterior stabilization by custom-made device (plate).
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Kuleshov, A. A., A. N. Shkarubo, I. S. Gromov, M. S. Vetrile, I. N. Lisyanskiy, S. N. Makarov, I. V. Chernov, E. V. Mitrofanova, and G. P. Ponomarenko. "SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR NON-TUMOROUS DISEASES OF CRANIOVERTEBRAL REGION." Vestnik travmatologii i ortopedii imeni N.N. Priorova, no. 1 (June 23, 2018): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32414/0869-8678-2018-1-36-41.

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Purpose:to evaluate the efficacy of surgical treatment for the non-tumorous diseases of the craniovertebral region.Patients and Methods. Forty five patients aged 4 – 63 years (mean age 27 years) with non-tumorous diseases of the craniovertebral region were operated on. Either one- or two-step surgical interventions for spinal cord decompression were performed. Early and long term results were evaluated by Frankel, JAO and River scales. In 5 cases the assessment of volumetric craniovertebral interrelationships (VCVI).Results.Good results were obtained in 43 (96%) patients at terms from 1 to 15 years. In 1 patient with mucopolysaccharidoses the aggravation of neurologic symptoms was observed and in 1 case a fatal outcome occurred. VCVI analysis showed a significant improvement of liquor dynamics right up to its normalization in the zone of decompression.Conclusion.Treatment of craniovertebral region diseases requires a differential approach. When necessary to eliminate ventral spinal cord compression it is expedient to perform either transoral or endoscopic transnasal decompression, or transoral spinal cord (myelencephalon) decompression with anterior stabilization by custom-made device (plate).
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Zhu, Ping, Jia-xin Li, Masayuki Fujino, Jian Zhuang, and Xiao-Kang Li. "Development and Treatments of Inflammatory Cells and Cytokines in Spinal Cord Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury." Mediators of Inflammation 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/701970.

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During aortic surgery, interruption of spinal cord blood flow might cause spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). The incidence of spinal cord IRI after aortic surgery is up to 28%, and patients with spinal cord IRI might suffer from postoperative paraplegia or paraparesis. Spinal cord IRI includes two phases. The immediate spinal cord injury is related to acute ischemia. And the delayed spinal cord injury involves both ischemic cellular death and reperfusion injury. Inflammation is a subsequent event of spinal cord ischemia and possibly a major contributor to spinal cord IRI. However, the development of inflammatory mediators is incompletely demonstrated. And treatments available for inflammation in spinal cord IRI are insufficient. Improved understanding about spinal cord IRI and the development of inflammatory cells and cytokines in this process will provide novel therapeutic strategies for spinal cord IRI. Inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-αand IL-1) may play an important role in spinal cord IRI. For treatment of several intractable autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), where inflammatory cytokines are involved in disease progression, anti-inflammatory cytokine antagonist is now available. Hence, there is great potential of anti-inflammatory cytokine antagonist for therapeutic use of spinal cord IRI. We here review the mediators and several possibilities of treatment in spinal cord IRI.
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Marrodan, Mariano, María I. Gaitán, and Jorge Correale. "Spinal Cord Involvement in MS and Other Demyelinating Diseases." Biomedicines 8, no. 5 (May 22, 2020): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8050130.

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Diagnostic accuracy is poor in demyelinating myelopathies, and therefore a challenge for neurologists in daily practice, mainly because of the multiple underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in each subtype. A systematic diagnostic approach combining data from the clinical setting and presentation with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesion patterns, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings, and autoantibody markers can help to better distinguish between subtypes. In this review, we describe spinal cord involvement, and summarize clinical findings, MRI and diagnostic characteristics, as well as treatment options and prognostic implications in different demyelinating disorders including: multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease, and glial fibrillary acidic protein IgG-associated disease. Thorough understanding of individual case etiology is crucial, not only to provide valuable prognostic information on whether the disorder is likely to relapse, but also to make therapeutic decision-making easier and reduce treatment failures which may lead to new relapses and long-term disability. Identifying patients with monophasic disease who may only require acute management, symptomatic treatment, and subsequent rehabilitation, rather than immunosuppression, is also important.
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Jami, Sayed Abdulla, Shi Jiandang, Zhanwen Zhou, and Liu Chang Hao. "REVIEW OF THE SPINAL TUBERCULOSIS SURGICAL TREATMENT AND OUTCOMES." Romanian Journal of Clinical Research 3, no. 1 (January 25, 2020): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33695/rjcr.v3i1.48.

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Spinal tuberculosis (TB), caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, is one of the oldest diseases in the world. Spinal TB represents 50% of bone and joint TB. If spinal TB is not diagnosed and treated in time, it could cause spinal cord infection, nerve compression and paralysis. Spinal TB often causes abscesses formation, spinal dysfunction, spinal instability, and kyphosis onset disorder. Most spinal TB can be cured by non-surgical treatment. Surgery is the ultimate method of treatment of spinal tuberculosis and it is used for eliminating lesions, relieving spinal cord and nerve compression, correcting kyphosis and building spine stability. At present, spinal TB surgical approaches are mainly posterior approach, combined anterior-posterior approach and minimally invasive techniques. The present review summarizes the advantages, disadvantages and indications for each surgical method.
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Karan, Vedrana, Djula Djilvesi, Mladen Karan, Vladimir Papic, and Petar Vulekovic. "Use of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring in surgical treatment of spinal diseases." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 147, no. 7-8 (2019): 502–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh180709076k.

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Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) is a method, which uses different kinds of electrophysiological methods for monitoring and mapping of neural structures during surgical procedures with the aim to preserve them. If we know how important the function of the spine, spinal cord, nerve roots, and all other structures are, it is obvious how important it is to preserve them in surgical procedures where these structures are under risk. Although the frequency of neurological complications is not high, it is considered that these deficits are devastating complications of spinal surgery, which can have serious consequences on the quality of life and can increase health care costs. Because of that, the accent is on intraoperative neurophysiological methods development, which provide optimal monitoring of the spinal cord function during routine and complex spinal procedures and has high efficacy detecting possible neurological deficits. The concept of multimodal neuromonitoring, which is used today, relies on advantages of each modality separately and then in combination of these modalities it achieves a more reliable estimation of functional integrity. Today IONM is routinely used worldwide, but in Serbia, its use is still limited even though its advantages are well known.
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Nolan, John, and Tjokorda Gde Bagus Mahadewa. "Infectious diseases as complications following spinal cord injury." Neurologico Spinale Medico Chirurgico 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.36444/nsmc.v4i1.122.

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Background: Infectious complications in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients can increase the mortality and morbidity of the patients. The inability to do daily activity is the main cause of the occurrence of infectious complications. Good understanding and high awareness are needed to notice some infectious complications which are difficult to be diagnosed. Method: This paper is a literature review which was done by reviewing and searching journals with “infectious complication”, “spinal cord injury”, “infection” on the search engines. The authors found 52 articles are suitable to be composed as references for this paper. Outcome: Several infectious complications may occur following the incidence of SCI and have a lot of disadvantages. The causes of these infections are multifactorial. Urinary tract infection, infected pressure ulcer, pneumonia, and some other infectious diseases may appear as complications. Extra care in hygiene and sanitation is needed, besides, high awareness is needed to discover these complications. Conclusion: Monitoring post-SCI complications are complex and difficult. A high level of suspicion should be raised with frequent aseptic actions and procedures. Appropriate management including non-surgical or surgical procedures can be chosen to achieve the best outcomes. Early diagnosis and management are critical for the best treatment results.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spinal cord, diseases, treatment"

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Pahuta, Markian. "Decision Analysis of Surgical Treatment Indications for Metastatic Epidural Spinal Cord Compression." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39390.

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Metastatic epidural spinal cord compression (MESCC) occurs when tumour invades the epidural space and compresses the spinal cord. Despite Level 1 evidence that surgery is the most effective treatment for MESCC, there is controversy regarding the role of surgery because of fear that patients who have a short survival will spend a large fraction of their remaining life recovering from surgery and potential complications. This controversy could be resolved by decision-analysis of MESCC treatments using quality-adjusted-life-years (QALYs). There have been two barriers to conducting decision-analysis of QALYs for MESCC: (a) lack of utility data, and (b) skepticism regarding decision-analysis. The first four research chapters in this thesis address these barriers. The final research chapter reports a decision-analysis of QALYs on the role of surgery in MESCC. Chapter 1 provides background information on the controversy regarding surgical treatment for MESCC and the rationale for each of the subsequent chapters. Chapter 2 reports a psychometric validation study of a web-based utility valuation module for MESCC. In Chapter 3, application of this module to a general population utility valuation study with a market research panel is described. In Chapter 4, the beneficial properties of Bayesian statistical analysis to minimizing “arbitrariness” in probabilistic sensitivity analysis are described in relation to prognostication for MESCC. Chapter 5 presents a strategy for simplifying and enhancing the transparency of Markov cohort simulation. Finally, the work presented in the research chapters is applied in Chapter 6 to conduct Markov cohort simulation to determine if patients with short survival derive net health-related quality-of-life benefit from surgery. Pragmatic research around barriers to decision-analysis of QALYs for MESCC was conducted to resolve the controversy regarding the role of surgery in the treatment of MESCC. Under most circumstances, MESCC patients who can ambulate prior to treatment derive net HRQoL benefit from surgery, even if prognosis is poor. Non-ambulatory patients can derive net HRQoL benefit but only if the morbidity of surgery is relatively low. It is my hope that the work used to address barriers to decision-analysis of QALYs will be disseminated and applied in other clinical problems.
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Wyatt, Laura, and Ephron Rosenzweig. "Possible T Cell Immune Response to AAV Treatment in non-Human Primates with Spinal Cord Injury." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/163.

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Neurons in the spinal cord do not spontaneously regenerate, which often leads to debilitating injuries. One method proposed to promote axonal regeneration is the injection of viruses carrying genes for growth factors into the injured spinal cord. One such virus, the adeno-associated virus (AAV), has shown promise in gene therapy medical research. However, injecting AAV into rhesus macaques with C7 spinal cord hemisection lesions actually leads to motor neuron loss in the gray matter of the spinal cord, rather than contributing to the preservation or regeneration of axons. This unexpected result highlights the necessity of further testing with therapeutic approaches for axon regeneration in nonhuman primate models before moving into clinical trials. It is possible that an immune-related T cell response to the AAV-transfected cells causes this motor neuron loss. T cells are white blood cells that play a role in attacking cells infected with viruses. It is unknown whether such a response of the immune system to respond with an up-regulation of T cells may be taking place over a relatively short period (weeks) or over many months. This question was tested here: T cells were stained in spinal cord sections caudal (below) the lesion in the spinal cord and near AAV injection sites to determine whether there was a greater quantity of T cells in these areas compared to the subject’s baseline levels. Subjects that had AAV therapeutic injections and that were examined 6 months after the injection were found to have greater quantities of T cells than those who did not have injections containing AAV. It was also found that the AAV-injected subjects examined only 6 weeks post injection did not have greater quantities of T cells than control subjects. These results suggest that there may be a delayed immune response to the AAV injections in nonhuman primates with spinal cord injury, which occurs over a period of months. Pinpointing the mechanism that causes this cell death would allow researchers to create a safer therapeutic that could promote axonal growth in people with spinal cord injuries.
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O'Riordan, Elizabeth Fitzgerald. "Comparison of serial manual muscle test performance in children and adults with spina bifida who undergo and do not undergo surgical tethered cord release." Oklahoma City : [s.n.], 2009.

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Peolsson, Annelie. "Functional analysis of the cervical spine : reliability, reference data and outcome after anterior cervical decompression and fusion /." Linköping, 2002. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2002/med738s.pdf.

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Gensel, John Carib. "Modeling and treatment of rat cervical spinal cord injury." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1167753874.

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Li, Ting-hung Darrell, and 李廷雄. "Ultrastructural imaging of the cervical spinal cord." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43572285.

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Bavetta, Sebastiano. "New methodologies for the treatment of experimental spinal cord injury." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312840.

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Vedrana, Karan. "Korelacija nalaza intraoperativnog neurofiziološkog monitoringa sa kliničkim nalazom kod prednje mikrodiskektomije vratnog segmenta kičme." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Medicinski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2019. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=110026&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Degenerativne bolesti kičme nastaju kao posledica promena na dinamičkim segmentima kičmenog stuba. Klinički ove promene se mogu manifestovati u vidu radikulopatije, mijelopatije i radikulomijelopatije. Najčešće primenjivana metoda operativnog lečenja kod ovih pacijenata je prednja cervikalna diskektomija sa fuzijom koja omogućava adekvatnu anatomsku i funkcionalnu restituciju degenerativno promenjene cervikalne kičme. Imajući u vidu da su već kompromitovane nervne strukture u riziku od dodatnih oštećenja u različitim fazama operativnog zahvata primena intraoperativnog neurofiziološkog monitoringa je dobila svoje mesto i u hirurškim tretmanima degenerativnih oboljenja kičme. Svrha primene neuromonitoringa je da obezbedi povratnu informaciju hirurgu o promenama u funkciji nervnih struktura pre nego što dođe do ireverzibilnih oštećenja. Na ovaj način moguće je prevenirati nastanak novog ili pogoršanje postojećeg deficita. Takođe intraoperativni nalazi neurofizioloških parametara mogu da ukažu na težinu postojećeg oboljenja i da budu prediktori ishoda lečenja. Ciljevi ove doktorske disertacije bili su utvrđivanje faza operativnog zahvata u kojima najčešće dolazi do promena u neurofiziološkim parametrima, kao i postojanje korelacije nalaza intraoperativnog neurofiziološkog monitoringa sa preoperativnim kliničkim nalazom pacijenta kao i rezultatima procene ishoda nakon prednje cervikalne diskektomije se fuzijom. Ova studija je obuhvatila 30 pacijenata kod kojih je indikovano operativno lečenje degenerativnih promena u vratnom segmentu kičmenog stuba prednjom mikrodiskektomijom sa fuzijom. Preoperativno je izvođen klinički pregled pacijenata i korišteni su Numerička skala bola i Upitnik za pacijente sa bolom u vratnoj kičmi, koji su takođe popunjavani na otpustu i mesec dana nakon operacije. U toku hirurške procedure upotrebom intraoperativnog neurofiziološkog monitoringa registrovani su somatosenzorni (SSEP) i motorni evocirani potencijali (MEP), kao i spontana elektromiografija. Kod svih SSEP došlo je do statistički značajnog povećanja amplitude (p<0,05), dok je kod desnog n. medianusa zabeleženo i statistički značajno skraćenje latence (p<0,05). Značajne promene se beleže između početka i kraja operativnog zahvata, kao i u fazi uklanjanja intervertebralnog diska kada dolazi do dekompresije. U vrednostima pražne struje potrebne za dobijanje MEP nije bilo statistički značajnih promena izuzev kod m. triceps brachii obostrano. Kod pacijenata sa radikulopatijom vrednost pražne struje za dobijanje mišićnog odgovora je statistčki značajno niža u odnosu na pacijente sa mijelopatijom (p<0,05). SSEP koreliraju sa poremećajem senzibiliteta, refleksnim odgovorom i bolom. MEP koreliraju takođe sa refleksnim odgovorom, dok negativna korelacija sa manuelnim mišićnim testom pokazuje da klinički očuvana gruba mišićna snaga ne mora biti pokazatelj pravog stanja motornog sistema. Preoperativne vrednosti NDI su se statistički značajno smanjile mesec dana nakon operacije (p<0,05). U vrednostima bola postoji statistčki značajna razlika između svih merenje (p<0,008), izuzev između bola na otpustu i mesec dana nakon operacije (p>0,008). Latenca desnog n.medianusa pokazuje negativnu, a amplituda pozitivnu korelaciju sa vrednostima bola mesec dana postoperativno (p<0,05). Povećanje amplitude i skraćenje latence SSEP ukazuje na značajan stepen dekompresije. Stabilnost MEP ukazuje na intraoperativnu očuvanost motornih puteva i da nije došlo do novog motornog deficita niti produbljivanja postojećeg. SSEP i MEP koreliraju sa kliničkim nalazom, dok su vrednosti bola i NDI statistički značajno manje nakon operacije. Ovi rezultati ukazuju da klinički nalaz pacijenta korelira sa neurofiziološkim nalazom, kao i da introperativne promene neurofizioloških parametara mogu biti prediktivni faktor ishoda operativnog lečenja.
Degenerative spinal diseases are consequence of spondylotic changes on dynamic segments of spinal column. These changes can result in different clinical appearances such as radiculopathy, myelopathy and radiculomyelopathy. The most common surgical procedure used in treatment of this group of patients is anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) which can provide adequate anatomical and functional restitution of degenerative cervical spine. Considering the fact that already compromised neural structure can be additionally damaged in different stages of surgical procedure, use of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) has role in surgical treatment of degenerative spinal diseases. The aim of use of IONM is to provide real time feedback for surgeon regarding changes in function of neural structures before irreversible damage occurs. This is the way to prevent new neurological deficit from occurring or to prevent worsening of preexisting deficit. Results of intraoperative monitoring can additionally emphasize severity of disease and help in outcome assessment. The aim of this doctoral thesis was to determine phases of surgical procedure in which changes in neurophysiological parameters occurs most commonly. Another aim was to determine correlation between findings of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring and clinical assessment and outcome prediction in patients treated with anterior cervical discectomy with fusion. Thirty patients who met inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. All of them were treated surgically due to degenerative changes of cervical spine and ACDF were performed in all cases. Patients were thoroughly examined before surgery. Detailed neurological examination were performed together with Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) and Neck Disability index (NDI) questionnaire. NPRS and NDI were applied on discharge from the hospital and one month after surgery. During surgery we registered somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP), motor evoked potentials (MEP) and spontaneous elektromiography. In all SSEP there were statistically significant increase in amplitude (p<0.05), while in the case of right n. medianus statistically significant shortening of the latency (p<0.05) was recorded. Significant changes are recorded between beginning and the end of the surgical procedure, as well as in the phase of removing of the intervertebral disc when decompression occurs. In the threshold intensity needed to elicit the MEP there were no statistically significant changes except for m. triceps brachii bilaterally. In patients with radiculopathy, the value of the stimulus intensity needed for obtaining muscular response was statistically significantly lower in comparison with patients with myelopathy (p<0.05). SSEP showed the best correlation with sensory disorder, tendon reflexes and pain. MEPs also correlate with tendon reflexes, while a negative correlation with a manual muscle strength testing results shows that clinically preserved muscle strength does not have to be reliable indicator of the motor system condition. Preoperative NDI values were statistically significantly reduced a month after surgery (p<0.05). In pain values there is a statistically significant difference between all measurements (p<0.008), except between pain on release and a month after surgery (p>0.008). The right n.medianus latency shows a negative, and the amplitude shows positive correlation with pain values one month postoperatively (p<0.05). Increasing amplitude and shortening latency of the SSEP indicates a significant degree of decompression. The stability of the MEP indicates the intraoperative preservation of motor pathways and absence of both new motor deficiency or worsening of the existing one. SSEP and MEP correlate with clinical findings, while pain and NDI values are statistically significantly less after surgery. These results indicate that clinical findings in the patients correlate with the neurophysiological findings. Results also points out that the intraoperative changes in neurophysiological parameters can be a predictive factor for the outcome of surgical treatment.
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Turner, Anna. "Treatment journey of spinal cord stimulation surgery : an interpretative phenomenological analysis." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12807/.

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Introduction: This thesis explored Chronic Neuropathic Pain (CNP) patients' experiences of the treatment journey of Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) surgery, considering life prior to, and after the surgery. Previous SCS literature has predominantly focused on technology, SCS efficacy, and the role of psychological factors in SCS patient selection and outcomes. Whilst research highlights SCS as an effective treatment for various CNP conditions, it predominantly employs quantitative outcome measures, thereby reducing the depth of information yielded about the experience of SCS surgery and patient satisfaction. There is a dearth of in-depth understanding of the lived experience of the SCS surgery treatment journey. Objectives: The aim of this thesis was to explore participant experiences of the SCS surgery treatment journey considering life prior to and after the surgery. Methods: Ethical and NHS trust approval were obtained. A purposive sample of seven CNP patients who had undergone SCS surgery 2-8 months previously were recruited. Each participant took part in a face-to-face semi-structured interview which was audio recorded. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Results: Three super-ordinate themes were generated: Diminished control and coping, identity transitions and SCS conflict. The themes were interpreted as being interconnected with each other. To demonstrate the treatment journey, all themes were included in the journal paper and further details of convergences and divergences between participants were included in the extended paper. Discussion: In line with previous research, patients’ expectations of SCS surgery were significant in patient satisfaction with the outcomes, reinforcing the importance of identifying and addressing expectations in pre-surgery preparation. Given SCS is often the last treatment option; the current study found post-SCS participants were going through a process of acceptance of lost identities and of current pain relief and capabilities. Simultaneously, participants were adjusting to living with the stimulator, indicating the significance of offering psychological treatments adjunct to SCS treatment to support participants through these processes. Difficulties in acceptance of identity changes and adjustment to SCS could negatively impact on mood and sense of control which can have adverse effects on pain perception.
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Hu, Di. "Effects of Red Light Treatment on Spinal Cord Injury in Rats." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/141268.

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Spinal cord injury can cause detrimental damage or complete loss in sensory and motor function. Current treatments, such as pharmaceutical interventions and physical therapy, provide limited improvements to restoring sensorimotor function following spinal cord injury. A non- conventional treatment using light irradiation in the red to near infrared range has been shown to promote recovery in a variety of injuries and conditions including spinal cord injury. This thesis examines the effects of red (670 nm) light irradiation on sensorimotor recovery following a mild T10 hemicontusion spinal cord injury in rats. To demonstrate that this treatment could potentially access the human cord, the penetration of 670 nm irradiation in different human tissues in both human participants and cadavers were examined. 670 nm irradiation with a light emitting diode (LED) at an intensity of 100 mW/cm2 was shown to penetrate 50 mm of human tissue, independent of skin tone, indicating that red light treatment could reach the spinal cord of humans with intensities ≥ 100 mW/cm2. Following spinal cord injury in rats, the development of mechanical hypersensitivity, the functional integrity of dorsal column pathways (measured from surface field potential electrophysiology recording) and locomotor function (evaluated from the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan locomotor test), together with cellular changes in the spinal cord (evaluated from immunohistochemistry) were investigated. Animals with spinal cord injury were separated into hypersensitive and normosensitive subpopulations based on their mechanical sensitivity. Daily 30 min 670 nm irradiation (35 mW/cm2) is effective at reducing the chance of developing mechanical hypersensitivity following spinal cord injury, as well as reducing the mechanical sensitivity in the normosensitive subpopulation from 1-day, and the hypersensitive subpopulation from 7-days post-injury. The treatment also improves sensory conduction along the dorsal column pathway and accelerates locomotor recovery. These functional improvements are accompanied with: an overall reduction of microglial/macrophage activation, but a specific increase in the proportion of the anti-inflammatory subtype; reduced astrocyte reactivity; reduced iNOS expressing microglia/macrophages; and reduced density of cells undergoing apoptosis/necrosis. Together, the findings in this thesis highlight the potential for the use of red light as a non-invasive and inexpensive treatment/adjunct therapy for spinal cord injured patients.
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Books on the topic "Spinal cord, diseases, treatment"

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L, Engler Gordon, Cole Jonathan 1951-, and Merton W. Louis 1955-, eds. Spinal cord diseases: Diagnosis and treatment. New York: Dekker, 1998.

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S, Illis L., ed. Spinal cord dysfunction. Oxford [England]: Oxford University Press, 1988.

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Spinal tumors: Treatment guide for patients and family. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2010.

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Andrew, Clarke, ed. ABC of spinal disorders. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Blackwell Pub., 2010.

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Uchida, Kenzo, Masaya Nakamura, Shinsuke Katoh, and Ozawa Hiroshi. Neuroprotection and regeneration of the spinal cord. Tokyo: Springer, 2014.

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G, Kalb Robert, and Strittmatter Stephen M, eds. Neurobiology of spinal cord injury. Totowa, N.J: Humana Press, 2000.

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Krämer, Jürgen. Intervertebral disk diseases: Causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prophylaxis. 3rd ed. Stuttgart: Thieme, 2008.

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Roland, Schleberger, and Hedtmann Achim, eds. Intervertebral disk diseases: Causes, diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis. 2nd ed. Stuttgart: G. Thieme, 1990.

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The management of persons with spinal cord injury. New York: Demos Publications, 1988.

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D, Henson Frances M., ed. Equine back pathology: Diagnosis and treatment. Chichester, West Sussex: Blackwell, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Spinal cord, diseases, treatment"

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Zucco, F., B. Allaria, M. Vaghi, F. Rizzi, W. Reina, E. Boselli, S. Brusa, and A. Tacconi. "Spinal cord Stimulation in peripheral vascular disease treatment: Nine-year experience with 241 patients." In Spinal Cord Stimulation, 183–89. Heidelberg: Steinkopff, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48441-4_18.

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Ktenidis, K., L. Claeys, C. Bartels, and S. Horsch. "Spinal cord stimulation in the treatment of Buerger’s disease." In Spinal Cord Stimulation II, 207–13. Heidelberg: Steinkopff, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72527-2_22.

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Goldberg, Jacob L., Sertac Kirnaz, and Michael S. Virk. "Spinal Cord Injury in the Elderly Population." In Treatment of Spine Disease in the Elderly, 233–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12612-3_14.

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Latchaw, Richard E. "Diagnosis and Endovascular Treatment of Vascular Lesions of the Spine and Spinal Cord." In Cerebrospinal Vascular Diseases, 91–106. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68278-3_6.

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Griepp, Eva B., and Randall B. Griepp. "Spinal Cord Perfusion and Protection During Surgical and Endovascular Treatment of Descending Thoracic and Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms." In Advances in Understanding Aortic Diseases, 95–101. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-99237-0_15.

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Claeys, L., K. Ktenidis, C. Bartels, and S. Horsch. "Epidural spinal cord stimulation in the treatment of non-reconstructible peripheral arterial occlusive disease." In Critical Limb Ischemia, 233–40. Heidelberg: Steinkopff, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72515-9_32.

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Bartels, Claus, M. Bechtel, L. Claeys, K. Ktenidis, and S. Horsch. "Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in the treatment of non-reconstructable arterial occlusive disease of upper extremities." In Critical Limb Ischemia Carotid Surgery, 47–53. Heidelberg: Steinkopff, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53788-2_12.

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Cota, Alan Gonzalez. "Spinal Cord Anatomy." In Deer's Treatment of Pain, 43–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12281-2_6.

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Weidauer, Stefan, Michael Nichtweiß, and Joachim Berkefeld. "Spinal Cord Infarction." In Diseases of the Spinal Cord, 435–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54209-1_20.

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Rajamani, K., and C. Savant. "Tropical Diseases of the Spinal Cord." In Spinal Cord Disease, 367–402. London: Springer London, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0911-2_21.

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Conference papers on the topic "Spinal cord, diseases, treatment"

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Shandybina, N., S. Ananyev, А. Aliev, I. Shalmiev, S. Kozureva, M. Averkiev, V. Bulanov, et al. "On the effectiveness of integration of a rehabilitation device based on a neurointerface and neurostimulation of the spinal cord in the rehabilitation of patients with impaired upper limb movement due to neurological disorders." In VIII Vserossijskaja konferencija s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem «Mediko-fiziologicheskie problemy jekologii cheloveka». Publishing center of Ulyanovsk State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34014/mpphe.2021-217-221.

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Millions of people around the world suffer from disorders caused by injuries and diseases of the brain and spinal cord. The combination of brain-computer interfaces and neuromodulation technologies is a new approach that could revolutionize the treatment of these disorders. In this study, we tested the effectiveness of a technique in which a patient with a spinal cord injury first undergoes spinal cord stimulation and then participates in a rehabilitation session using a brain-computer interface based on the P300 principle, which decodes visual-motor transformation and uses an assistive robot that moves the patient’s arm, and virtual reality. All healthy participants of the study were able to combine these two techniques without any undesirable effects; studies on patients with spinal cord injury are ongoing. System integration of the two methods has been already performed, and in the future, upon completion of this work, the neural interface will be able to control the stimulation parameters. We propose such integrated systems as a new approach to neurorehabilitation. Key words: brain-computer interface, neuromodulation, spinal cord stimulation, spinal cord trauma, P300, visuomotor transformation.
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Fillioe, Seth, Kyle K. Bishop, Sai Han Myo Tun, Paul Dent, Bin Deng, Charles M. Peterson, Jerry Goodisman, Julie Hasenwinkel, and Joseph Chaiken. "A chemist’s view of inflammation in contusion injured spinal cord in a rat model: noninvasive, noncontact, in vivo Raman spectroscopy minutes to hours after injury." In Photonic Diagnosis, Monitoring, Prevention, and Treatment of Infections and Inflammatory Diseases 2019, edited by Tianhong Dai, Mei X. Wu, and Jürgen Popp. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2509082.

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Borges, Matheus Araújo, Isabel Cristina Borges de Menezes, Isabela Garcia Bessa, Gabrielly de Souza Correia, Maria Clara Rocha Elias Dib, Rafaela Joy Falcão, and Leslivan Ubiratan Moraes. "Sexual dysfunction associated with neurological disorders in men aged 19 to 44 years." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.164.

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Introduction: Male sexual dysfunction (DSM) is characterized by changes in qualitative or quantitative sexual capacity, manifested by changes in ejaculation, erection, and/or orgasm, in addition to the presence of pain or discomfort in sexual relations, and the main one of these is erectile dysfunction (ED). Objective: Review the literature on sexual dysfunction caused by neurological disorders, in men aged 19 to 44 years. Methodology: This is a narrative literature review. The collection of information about the theme was carried out through a search for scientific articles in the PubMed databases. The descriptions used in the search were “sexual dysfunction AND neurological disorders in men”, articles published in the last 5 years were considered. Results: Several neurological diseases with a very high correlation with DSM were found, such as: multiple sclerosis, ED being the main problem reported by patients, depression and its respective treatment, epilepsy, mainly associated with anxiety and depression, Parkinson’s disease, spinal cord injury, spina bifida, stroke and traumatic brain injury, especially when associated with diabetic neuropathy. Conclusion: DS is a very frequent problem in neurological diseases, therefore, there is a need for this theme not to be neglected by health professionals, emphasizing the importance of multidisciplinary treatment. Mersh Terms: Impotence, Male Sexual Impotence, Nervous System Disease.
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Kim, Jung Hwan, Thomas H. Mareci, and Malisa Sarntinoranont. "Computational Model of Interstitial Transport in the Rat Brain Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176633.

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In spite of the high therapeutic potential of macromolecular drugs, it has proven difficult to apply them to recovery after injury and treatment of cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and other neurodegenerative diseases. One barrier to systemic administration is low capillary permeability, i.e., the blood-brain and blood-spinal cord barrier. To overcome this barrier, convection-enhanced delivery (CED) infuses agents directly into tissue to supplement diffusion and increase the distribution of large molecules in the brain [1,2]. Predictive models of distribution during CED would be useful in treatment optimization and planning. To account for large infusion volumes, such models should incorporate tissue boundaries and anisotropic tissue properties.
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Kim, Jung Hwan, Garrett W. Astary, Thomas H. Mareci, and Malisa Sarntinoranont. "A Computational Model of Direct Infusion Into the Rat Brain: Corpus Callosum and Hippocampus." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-205945.

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Despite the high therapeutic potential of many macromolecular drugs, it has proven difficult to apply them to treatment of cancer and other degenerative diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) due to low capillary permeability and low diffusivity. To overcome these barriers, recent experimental studies have shown local infusion, i.e., convection-enhanced delivery (CED), to be a promising delivery technique in the brain and spinal cord [1–3]. Predictive models of extracellular fluid flow and transport during CED would be useful for treatment optimization and planning.
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Dias, Mariana de Souza, and Matheus Felipe de Souza Vasconcelos. "Conus medullaris syndrome caused by spinal cord schistosomiasis: case report." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.529.

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Background: Neuroschistosomiasis is a rare but severe complication of schistosomiasis that is often underdiagnosed and can affect both the brain and the spinal cord. CNS involvement occurs during hepato-intestinal or intestinal phase of the disease, when the Schistosoma eggs or adult worms reach the vertebral venous plexuses via Batson plexuses. Objective: To report a case of a patient with conus medullaris syndrome caused by spinal cord schistosomiasis whose symptoms had great improvement after undergoing treatment with praziquantel and prednisone. Case report: A 45-year-old woman, from Bahia, Brazil, with no significant medical history, presented with intense pain in her legs from knees below, associated with progressive loss of strength, tingling and dysesthesias in both lower limbs, causing gait impairment followed by urinary retention. At physical examination, grade III paraparesis in proximal limbs and grade IV in distal limbs and unsteady dysbasic gait were observed, no meningeal signs were found. MRI study revealed hyperintense signal in medulla at the level of T12-L1 to conus medullaris in T2 sequences, mainly on central portions and medulla, also slight impregnation with gadolinium showing dotted pattern was observed, suggestive findings of inflammatory myelitis. KatoKatz test was performed evidencing Schistosoma eggs. After diagnosis, patient was treated with prednisone and praziquantel for 5 weeks. At the end the of treatment, she has showed progressive improvement of her symptoms. In our last evaluation, the patient showed a great recovery of movement and strength, now grade IV in proximal limbs and grade V in distal limbs as well as a steadier gait. Urinary retention is still present, and she still needs intermittent catheterization for the time being Conclusion: Neuroschistosomiasis, when symptomatic, is a severe disorder in which can cause significant incapacity and morbidity. It is an underdiagnosed disorder but has been increasingly reported in populations in endemic areas and in tourists. Prognosis depends largely on early diagnosis and treatment.
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Pires, Bianca Frigo, and Osmi Hamamoto. "Serological screening for syphilis in non-compressive spinal injuries." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.117.

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Background: Syphilis is an infectious disease that can present systemic symptoms during its progression, reaching the central nervous system, causing neurosyphilis, combined include involvement of the meninges and spinal cord. Objectives: to review information on meningomyelitis in patients with positive syphilis serology, assessing the need for serological screening for syphilis knowledge and the importance of the clinician for an accurate diagnosis, preventing major sequelae or fatalities Methods: We analyzed 14 clinical cases of syphilitic myelitis from January 2000 to January 2021. Documents were resolved to determine clinical issues, apparent symptoms, radiological findings, penal treatment and complications. Results: 85.7% suffered from chronic myelopathy and 14.3% revealed subacute transverse myelitis. The most common clinical condition of chronic myelopathy was tabes dorsalis, present in 50%, afterwards it was syphilitic meningomyelite, present in 33.3%. Conclusion: Syphilitic myelitis is a rare condition, but there are studies that prove an increase in cases of myelopathy in patients with positive syphilis serology. The condition manifests itself with weakness of the lower limbs, sensory disturbance and urinary and fecal incontinence, in addition to long spinal cord injuries and abnormal enhancement, predominantly in the superficial parts of the spinal cord, in imaging exams. There is a differential diagnosis with multiple pathologies, such as intramedullary tumors, herniated intervertebral disc, myelopathy caused by HIV, among others. Therefore, it is important to know the signs and symptoms and an approach to serological screening for syphilis in patients with neurological disorders and non-compressive medical injuries.
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Albernaz, Lucas Cardoso Siqueira, Izabel Feitosa da Mata Leite, Guilherme de Aguiar Moraes, Adelina Mouta Moreira Neto, and Matheus de Campos Medeiros. "Cauda equina and conus medullaris syndromes due to Spinal Cord Schistosomiasis: a case report." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.213.

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Context: Schistosomiasis is a prevalent disease in Brazil whose medullary form can be a serious and disabling condition. Diagnosis is clinical and laboratorial, based on neurological symptoms besides Schistosoma infection exams. Spinal Cord Schistosomiasis (SCS) can be associated with cauda equina syndrome (CES) adding “saddle” anesthesia and low back pain as symptoms. Case Report: A 22- year-old male presenting progressive bilateral and proximal pelvic weakness associated with urinary and fecal incontinence besides mild low back pain during 4 months. Patient reports daily swimming practice in rivers. Neurological examination revealed grade 3 weakness of the proximal muscles, patellar hyporeflexia, saddle anesthesia and hypotonia of the proximal muscles. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine showed conus medullaris fusiform enlargement, associated with T2 and STIR hyperintensity (edema), hyposignal in T1, findings suggestive of an inflammatory / infectious etiology. Laboratory tests revealed a complete blood count with mild leukocytosis and eosinophilia; positive IgG serology for schistosomiasis; increased protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid; stool analysis was normal. The diagnosis of CES and conus medullaris syndrome due to SCS was established and treatment with prednisone and praziquantel was initiated, with significant improvement in clinical symptoms. Conclusion: This case emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and the initiation of appropriate therapy in order to prevent irreversible injuries in cases of CES and conus medullaris syndrome, both conditions of high morbidity that are often overlooked.
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Trivellato, Stella de Angelis, Joao Lucas Gomes Salgado, Hendrick Henrique Fernandes Gramasco, Guilherme Drumond Jardini Anastacio, Daniel Fabiano Barbosa Dos Santos, Laura Cardia Gomes Lopes, and Júlio Cesar dos Santos Moreira. "Thoracolumbar progressive myelopathy due to extra-dural arteriovenous fistula." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.223.

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Context: Arteriovenous dural fistulas are the most common spinal vascular malformations and constitute a reversible cause of progressive myelopathy. This disease affects elderly men and are classically found at the thoracolumbar region. Case report: A 69year-old man was admitted to the Neurology outpatient clinic with weakness in his left inferior limb for the past 10 years; 2 years before the evaluation, the weakness progressed also to the right inferior limb, causing inability to walk, and 1 year after the patient noticed urinary incontinence and sexual dysfunction. Physical evaluation showed grade-II paraparesis with spastic hypertonia; hypoesthesia below T-10 dermatome; hyperreflexia with clonus and Babinski sign in inferior limbs. Investigation with MRI showed abnormal hypersignal within spinal cord from T6-T7 to the medullary cone; CSF sample had hyper protein count without pleocytosis. Before the hypothesis of non- compressive, non-inflammatory and non-infectious myelopathy, we performed a spinal angiography – which diagnosed a dural arteriovenous fistula at the level of T8 connecting spinal with extradural vessels. The patient was then treated by endovascular therapy with fistula embolization. Conclusion: Although being the most common vascular spinal malformation, arteriovenous dural fistulas are rare and underdiagnosed because of their nonspecific symptoms. The aim of treatment is the shunt occlusion but its prognosis depends on the duration and intensity of symptoms before treatment. This report’s aim is to exemplify a typical case of this condition.
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Herrero-Fresneda, Immaculada. "IDDF2022-ABS-0096 Intermittent colonic exoperistalsis treatment of chronic constipation in spinal cord injured patients. Evaluation of the MOWOOT device in home care use." In Abstracts of the International Digestive Disease Forum (IDDF), Hong Kong, 2–4 September 2022. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2022-iddf.177.

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Reports on the topic "Spinal cord, diseases, treatment"

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Zhu, Zhihong, Yue Zhuo, Haitao Jin, Boyu Wu, and Zhijie Li. Chinese Medicine Therapies for Neurogenic Bladder after Spinal Cord Injury: A protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.8.0084.

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Neurogenic bladder (NB), a refractory disease, is characterized by voiding dysfunction of bladder and/or urethra, and spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common cause. Chinese medicine therapies have been applied extensively in the treatment of neurogenic bladder, especially in China, and the results are promising but varying. Thus, the aim of this work is to assess the efficacy and safety of various Chinese medicine therapies for neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury. Condition being studied: Chinese medicine therapies; Neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury. Main outcome(s): The primary outcome of our NMA will be measured by overall response rate and urodynamic tests, which includes postvoiding residual urine volume, maximum urinary flow rate, and maximal detrusor pressure.
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Yang, Xinwei, Huan Tu, and Xiali Xue. The improvement of the Lower Limb exoskeletons on the gait of patients with spinal cord injury: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.8.0095.

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Review question / Objective: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the efficacy of lower extremity exoskeletons in improving gait function in patients with spinal cord injury, compared with placebo or other treatments. Condition being studied: Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is a severely disabling disease. In the process of SCI rehabilitation treatment, improving patients' walking ability, improving their self-care ability, and enhancing patients' self-esteem is an important aspect of their return to society, which can also reduce the cost of patients, so the rehabilitation of lower limbs is very important. The lower extremity exoskeleton robot is a bionic robot designed according to the principles of robotics, mechanism, bionics, control theory, communication technology, and information processing technology, which can be worn on the lower extremity of the human body and complete specific tasks under the user's control. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the lower extremity exoskeleton on the improvement of gait function in patients with spinal cord injury.
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Jagid, Jonathan R., and Ian D. Hentall. Treatment of Pain and Autonomic Dysreflexia in Spinal Cord Injury with Deep Brain Stimulation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada600687.

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Jagid :Ian D., Jonathan R. Treatment of Pain and Autonomic Dysreflexia in Spinal Cord Injury with Deep Brain Stimulation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada622286.

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Hutchinson, Mark, Janet Coller, Jillian Clark, Ruth Marshall, James Middleton, Vicky Staikopoulos, Melanie Gentgall, Francesca Alvaro, and Kathy Heyman. Chronic Pain Following Spinal Cord Injury: The Role of Immunogenetics and Time of Injury Pain Treatment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada613751.

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Wu, Liang. Optimal treatment and clinical outcomes of intramedullary spinal cord metastasis from lung carcinoma: a systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review Protocols, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.4.0063.

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Wu, Liang. Optimal treatment and clinical outcomes of intramedullary spinal cord metastasis from breast cancer: a systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review Protocols, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.4.0064.

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Hutchinson, Mark, Janet Coller, Jillian Clark, Ruth Marshall, James Middleton, Vicky Staikopoulos, Francesca Alvaro, and Kathy Heyman. Chronic Pain Following Spinal Cord Injury: The Role of Immunogenetics and Time of Injury Pain Treatment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada569291.

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Blight, Andrew. Clinical Trial of AC105 (Mg/PEG) for Treatment of Acute Spinal Cord Injury (SCI). Phase 2. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada599938.

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Wu, Liang. Optimal treatment and long-term outcomes of primary solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma of spinal cord: a systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review Protocols, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.4.0062.

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