Academic literature on the topic 'Spinal cord injury, physical activity, efficiency'
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Journal articles on the topic "Spinal cord injury, physical activity, efficiency"
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Przysada, Grzegorz, Justyna Wyszyóska, Mariusz Drużbicki, et al. "Selected factors affecting the efficiency of wheelchair mobility in individuals with spinal cord injury." Advances in Rehabilitation 30, no. 2 (2016): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rehab-2015-0039.
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Abstract Introduction: Locomotion efficiency levels in individuals with spinal cord injury deal cord injury depend upon the level of spinal cord injury. Rehabilitation of people with spinal cord injury aims to prepare them to function in society in the best possible manner. One of the significant tasks of rehabilitation is to develop the skill of moving in a wheelchair, which becomes the only means of locomotion for most people. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of selected factors such as age, sex, time from the occurrence of the injury, the level of spinal cord injury, participation in Active Rehabilitation camps and the level of physical activity on the efficiency of locomotion in a wheelchair in individuals with spinal cord injury. Material and methods: The study included 55 patients after a complete spinal cord injury (39 males and 16 females using manual wheelchairs), aged 19 to 59. The level of spinal cord injury was assessed on the basis of a subjective classification of ASIA. The efficiency of wheelchair mobility was evaluated using the wheelchair manoeuvring technique test by Tasiemski (evaluation of performance of 14 tasks taking into account architectural barriers). Results: The majority of respondents (n = 28) obtained medium level of the efficiency, 16 participants scored low, while 11 individuals scored high. The highest score which women obtained was the medium level. It was men only (n = 11) who scored high. There was no statistically significant correlation between the efficiency of wheel-chair mobility and the level of spinal cord injury. It was observed that younger individuals and those practising sport daily achieved the best test results. Conclusions: Participants’ age affected their locomotion efficiency in a wheelchair. Females demonstrated lower levels of efficiency wheelchair mobility than their male counterparts. Regular physical activity affected the participants’ efficiency of wheeled mobility significantly.
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Saraf, Poonam, Miriam R. Rafferty, Jennifer L. Moore, et al. "Daily Stepping in Individuals With Motor Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury." Physical Therapy 90, no. 2 (2010): 224–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20090064.
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BackgroundIn individuals with motor incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI), ambulatory function determined in the clinical setting is related to specific measures of body structure and function and activity limitations, although few studies have quantified the relationship of these variables with daily stepping (steps/day).ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to quantify daily stepping in ambulatory individuals with SCI and its relationship with clinical walking performance measures and specific demographics, impairments, and activity limitations.DesignA cross-sectional study was performed to estimate relationships among clinical variables to daily stepping in self-identified community versus non–community (household) walkers.MethodsAverage daily stepping was determined in 50 people with chronic, motor incomplete SCI. Data for clinical and self-report measures of walking performance also were collected, and their associations with daily stepping were analyzed using correlation and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. Relationships between daily stepping and the measures of demographics, impairments, and activity limitations were identified using correlation and regression analyses.ResultsThe ROC analyses revealed a significant discriminative ability between self-reported community and non–community walkers using clinical gait measures and daily stepping. Stepping activity generally was low throughout the sample tested, however, with an average of approximately 2,600 steps/day. Knee extension strength (force-generating capacity) and static balance were the primary variables related to daily stepping, with metabolic efficiency and capacity and balance confidence contributing to a lesser extent.LimitationsThe small sample size and use of specific impairment-related measures were potential limitations of the study.ConclusionsDaily stepping is extremely limited in individuals with incomplete SCI, with a potentially substantial contribution of impairments in knee extension strength and balance.
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Lipert, Anna, Kacper Wróbel, Michał Spychała, et al. "The Effectiveness of Active Rehabilitation Camp on Physical Performance of Disabled People Moving in Wheelchairs." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (2021): 7572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147572.
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(1) Background: Regular participation in physical activity (PA) prevents many medical complications and improves the physical fitness of people with spinal cord injury, and in turn improves the functional independence, psychosocial status and quality of life. The goal of Active Rehabilitation Camps (ARCs) is to use various forms of PA in order for the participants to obtain the greatest efficiency and independence in everyday life. (2) Purpose: To evaluate the improvement in physical performance of people with chronic spinal cord disabilities moving in wheelchairs taking part in the Active Rehabilitation Camp depending on (a) sex, (b) type of disability, (c) the level of injury and (d) the type of wheelchair. (3) Methods: The study included 42 wheelchair users: 28 men and 14 women aged 18–65 years (34.7 ± 14.9 years) taking part in the Active Rehabilitation Camp. Finally, the study involved 27 paraplegics, 9 tetraplegics and 6 individuals with myelomeningocele. The participants took part in four fitness tests: (1) sprint test (SP)—individual time to cover a distance of 15 m in the wheelchair; (2) slalom test (SL)—time to ride between four cones front and back; (3) basketball ball throw at a distance (BT), (4) zig-zag test (ZZ)—riding continuously for 6 min on the designated track. The tests were performed at the beginning and at the end of the ACR. Active wheelchairs were used by 32 participants, and 10 participants used the classic wheelchairs. (4) Results: Paraplegics achieved the best average results in all the tests and the best improvement in physical performance in comparison to individuals with myelomeningocele and tetraplegics. People in active wheelchairs achieved a statistically significant improvement in the results of SL and ZZ (p < 0.001). People with injury above Th-9 level of the spinal cord achieved a statistically significant improvement in the results of SP (p < 0.01), SL and ZZ (p < 0.01). People with injury below Th6 achieved a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.05) in SP, SL and ZZ. (5) Conclusions: Regular PA during the Active Rehabilitation Camp improves the physical performance of disabled people in wheelchairs, but the scale of improvement of physical performance fitness depends on the type of wheelchair used and the level and the type of injury.
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Somredngan, Sirilak, Kasem Theerakittayakorn, Hong Thi Nguyen, et al. "The Efficiency of Neurospheres Derived from Human Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Spinal Cord Injury Regeneration in Rats." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 4 (2023): 3846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043846.
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Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes inflammation and neuronal degeneration, resulting in functional movement loss. Since the availability of SCI treatments is still limited, stem cell therapy is an alternative clinical treatment for SCI and neurodegenerative disorders. Human umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSCs) are an excellent option for cell therapy. This study aimed to induce hWJ-MSCs into neural stem/progenitor cells in sphere formation (neurospheres) by using neurogenesis-enhancing small molecules (P7C3 and Isx9) and transplant to recover an SCI in a rat model. Inducted neurospheres were characterized by immunocytochemistry (ICC) and gene expression analysis. The best condition group was selected for transplantation. The results showed that the neurospheres induced by 10 µM Isx9 for 7 days produced neural stem/progenitor cell markers such as Nestin and β-tubulin 3 through the Wnt3A signaling pathway regulation markers (β-catenin and NeuroD1 gene expression). The neurospheres from the 7-day Isx9 group were selected to be transplanted into 9-day-old SCI rats. Eight weeks after transplantation, rats transplanted with the neurospheres could move normally, as shown by behavioral tests. MSCs and neurosphere cells were detected in the injured spinal cord tissue and produced neurotransmitter activity. Neurosphere-transplanted rats showed the lowest cavity size of the SCI tissue resulting from the injury recovery mechanism. In conclusion, hWJ-MSCs could differentiate into neurospheres using 10 µM Isx9 media through the Wnt3A signaling pathway. The locomotion and tissue recovery of the SCI rats with neurosphere transplantation were better than those without transplantation.
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Park, Jae Hyeon, Hyeon Seong Kim, Seong Ho Jang, et al. "Cardiorespiratory Responses to 10 Weeks of Exoskeleton-Assisted Overground Walking Training inChronic Nonambulatory Patients with Spinal Cord Injury." Sensors 21, no. 15 (2021): 5022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21155022.
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Exercise intensity of exoskeleton-assisted walking in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) has been reported as moderate. However, the cardiorespiratory responses to long-term exoskeleton-assisted walking have not been sufficiently investigated. We investigated the cardiorespiratory responses to 10 weeks of exoskeleton-assisted walking training in patients with SCI. Chronic nonambulatory patients with SCI were recruited from an outpatient clinic. Walking training with an exoskeleton was conducted three times per week for 10 weeks. Oxygen consumption and heart rate (HR) were measured during a 6-min walking test at pre-, mid-, and post-training. Exercise intensity was determined according to the metabolic equivalent of tasks (METs) for SCI and HR relative to the HR reserve (%HRR). Walking efficiency was calculated as oxygen consumption divided by walking speed. The exercise intensity according to the METs (both peak and average) corresponded to moderate physical activity and did not change after training. The %HRR demonstrated a moderate (peak %HRR) and light (average %HRR) exercise intensity level, and the average %HRR significantly decreased at post-training compared with mid-training (31.6 ± 8.9% to 24.3 ± 7.3%, p = 0.013). Walking efficiency progressively improved after training. Walking with an exoskeleton for 10 weeks may affect the cardiorespiratory system in chronic patients with SCI.
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Shokouhyan, Seyed Mohammadreza, Mathias Blandeau, Laura Wallard, et al. "Sensorimotor Time Delay Estimation by EMG Signal Processing in People Living with Spinal Cord Injury." Sensors 23, no. 3 (2023): 1132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031132.
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Neuro mechanical time delay is inevitable in the sensorimotor control of the body due to sensory, transmission, signal processing and muscle activation delays. In essence, time delay reduces stabilization efficiency, leading to system instability (e.g., falls). For this reason, estimation of time delay in patients such as people living with spinal cord injury (SCI) can help therapists and biomechanics to design more appropriate exercise or assistive technologies in the rehabilitation procedure. In this study, we aim to estimate the muscle onset activation in SCI people by four strategies on EMG data. Seven complete SCI individuals participated in this study, and they maintained their stability during seated balance after a mechanical perturbation exerting at the level of the third thoracic vertebra between the scapulas. EMG activity of eight upper limb muscles were recorded during the stability. Two strategies based on the simple filtering (first strategy) approach and TKEO technique (second strategy) in the time domain and two other approaches of cepstral analysis (third strategy) and power spectrum (fourth strategy) in the time–frequency domain were performed in order to estimate the muscle onset. The results demonstrated that the TKEO technique could efficiently remove the electrocardiogram (ECG) and motion artifacts compared with the simple classical filtering approach. However, the first and second strategies failed to find muscle onset in several trials, which shows the weakness of these two strategies. The time–frequency techniques (cepstral analysis and power spectrum) estimated longer activation onset compared with the other two strategies in the time domain, which we associate with lower-frequency movement in the maintaining of sitting stability. In addition, no correlation was found for the muscle activation sequence nor for the estimated delay value, which is most likely caused by motion redundancy and different stabilization strategies in each participant. The estimated time delay can be used in developing a sensory motor control model of the body. It not only can help therapists and biomechanics to understand the underlying mechanisms of body, but also can be useful in developing assistive technologies based on their stability mechanism.
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Zehr, E. Paul. "Evidence-based risk assessment and recommendations for physical activity clearance: stroke and spinal cord injury1This paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled Evidence-based risk assessment and recommendations for physical activity clearance, and has undergone the Journal’s usual peer review process." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 36, S1 (2011): S214—S231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h11-055.
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Physical activity (PA) has potential benefits after stroke or spinal cord injury (SCI), especially in improving efficiency and functional capacity in activities of daily living. Currently, many who could benefit from PA may be routinely excluded from participation because of myths related to functional capacity and the concern for harm. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the literature for reports of adverse events during exercise after stroke or SCI, and to provide recommendations regarding exercise participation in supervised and unsupervised environments. Studies were evaluated for quality, and the summary level and quality of evidence were evaluated using the AGREE rubric, modified to address the main outcome measure of adverse events. Levels of exercise stress were evaluated for aerobic activities, using an established rubric. Included in the current analysis were 32 studies for stroke and 4 for SCI. In aggregate, this yielded a total of 730 experimental participants with stroke and 143 with SCI. It should be noted that almost all studies were not designed to examine naturally occurring adverse events from PA. Significant contraindications to unsupervised exercise include manifestation of autonomic dysreflexia in SCI and cardiovascular comorbidity after stroke. There are clear benefits of exercise training on physiological outcomes in stroke and SCI, but the relation between outcomes and safety remains unclear. However, taken on balance, the risk-to-benefit ratio favors the recommendation of exercise. This recommendation is based on studies in which participants were almost universally screened for participation in supervised environments. Thus, the grading of evidence for finding adverse events to support this conclusion is inadequate.
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Galea, M. P. "Spinal cord injury and physical activity." Injury 41 (July 2010): S45—S46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2010.01.061.
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Coelho-Magalhães, Tiago, Emerson Fachin-Martins, Andressa Silva, Christine Azevedo Coste, and Henrique Resende-Martins. "Development of a High-Power Capacity Open Source Electrical Stimulation System to Enhance Research into FES-Assisted Devices: Validation of FES Cycling." Sensors 22, no. 2 (2022): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22020531.
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Since the first Cybathlon 2016, when twelve teams competed in the FES bike race, we have witnessed a global effort towards the development of stimulation and control strategies to improve FES-assisted devices, particularly for cycling, as a means to practice a recreational physical activity. As a result, a set of technical notes and research paved the way for many other studies and the potential behind FES-assisted cycling has been consolidated. However, engineering research needs instrumented devices to support novel developments and enable precise assessment. Therefore, some researchers struggle to develop their own FES-assisted devices or find it challenging to implement their instrumentation using commercial devices, which often limits the implementation of advanced control strategies and the possibility to connect different types of sensor. In this regard, we hypothesize that it would be advantageous for some researchers in our community to enjoy access to an entire open-source FES platform that allows different control strategies to be implemented, offers greater adaptability and power capacity than commercial devices, and can be used to assist different functional activities in addition to cycling. Hence, it appears to be of interest to make our proprietary electrical stimulation system an open-source device and to prove its capabilities by addressing all the aspects necessary to implement a FES cycling system. The high-power capacity stimulation device is based on a constant current topology that allows the creation of biphasic electrical pulses with amplitude, width, and frequency up to 150 mA, 1000 µs, and 100 Hz, respectively. A mobile application (Android) was developed to set and modify the stimulation parameters of up to eight stimulation channels. A proportional-integral controller was implemented for cadence tracking with the aim to improve the overall cycling performance. A volunteer with complete paraplegia participated in the functional testing of the system. He was able to cycle indoors for 45 min, accomplish distances of more than 5 km using a passive cycling trainer, and pedal 2400 m overground in 32 min. The results evidenced the capacity of our FES cycling system to be employed as a cycling tool for individuals with spinal cord injury. The methodological strategies used to improve FES efficiency suggest the possibility of maximizing pedaling duration through more advanced control techniques.
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Babar, Usman Ishfaq, Khwaja Muhammad Musa, Babar Ali, Usman Farooq, Syed Alamdar Hussain, and Shafiq ur Rehman. "Level of physical activity and its association with depression among chronic spinal cord injury patients at a paraplegic centre in Peshawar." Iberoamerican Journal of Medicine 4, no. 4 (2022): 206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.53986/ibjm.2022.0037.
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Introduction: Spinal cord injury results in disability, limited participation in physical activities, and mental health problems which greatly affects the quality of life of the injured person. Engaging in physical activity is necessary for optimal recovery in individuals with spinal cord injury. Chronic spinal cord injury patients suffer from many secondary complications which become a challenge for the patient and the health care community to manage due to which recovery will be complex and difficult. The aim of this study is to find out the association of physical activity with depression among chronic spinal cord injury patients at Paraplegic Centre Peshawar. Material and methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey in which a consecutive sampling technique was used. Data was collected from n=109 spinal cord injury patients in which 85 (78.0%) were males and 24 (22.0%) were females. Physical activity was measured using the PARA-SCI scale and the CESD-R-10 questionnaire was used to assess depression. Results: The average minutes of participating in mild physical activity was 67.72 ± 17.98 minutes/week, moderate physical activity was 140.79 ± 33.47 minutes/week, heavy physical activity was 21.92 ± 9.18 minutes/week and total PA was 247.93 ± 55.76. P value= .004 for mild physical activity with depression, p value= .097 for moderate physical activity with depression, p value= .137 for heavy physical activity with depression and p value= .001 for total physical activity with depression. Conclusions: Mild and total physical activity was associated with depression. Moderate and heavy physical activity was not associated with depression.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spinal cord injury, physical activity, efficiency"
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Zbogar, Dominik. "Physical activity during inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/55204.
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Introduction
Rehabilitation activities of a sufficient intensity are necessary for optimal recovery in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Optimizing rehabilitation and activity prescription requires quantification of physical activity and its predictors during this time.
Purpose
To determine, during inpatient rehabilitation, the:
1) reliability and validity of measures of physical activity.
2) level of physical activity using objective and self-report measures.
3) level of cardiovascular stress experienced during physical therapy (PT) and occupational therapy (OT).
4) variables associated with greater time spent at higher heart rate during PT.
5) number of active movement repetitions occurring during PT and OT.
Methods
Design: A test retest design was used to determine the reliability of physical activity measures. A longitudinal observation design was used to determine movement repetitions and physical activity levels. A cross-sectional observational design was used to determine the level of cardiovascular stress.
Subjects: Participants (n=108) were recruited from consecutive admissions to rehabilitation.
Results
Good reliability for accelerometry and step counts, and moderate reliability for self-report, was demonstrated. Validity was demonstrated for wrist accelerometry and step counts but not self-report physical activity.
For most groups and variables, no changes occurred during therapy time from admission to discharge. Outside of therapy all groups increased from admission to discharge in accelerometer measured activity kilocounts but not self-report minutes, where the majority of time was spent in leisure time sedentary activity (~4.5 hours).
The average time spent at a heart rate within the cardiovascular training zone was 6.0±9.0 minutes in PT and lower in OT. Lower spasticity, higher exercise self-efficacy, and better orthostatic tolerance correlated with a greater amount of time within a cardiovascular training zone.
Average repetitions for PT and OT combined did not exceed 300 for the upper or lower extremity. Most repetition variables remained unchanged over the inpatient rehabilitation stay while clinical outcomes improved significantly.
Conclusions
Individuals report that a large amount of time is spent engaged in higher intensity activities. Measurement of heart rate during therapy sessions shows little time is spent at intensities sufficient to accrue cardiovascular benefits. Repetitions in therapy are low compared to the motor learning literature.<br>Medicine, Faculty of<br>Graduate
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Ito, Ramos De Oliveira Beatriz. "Increasing physical activity levels among individuals with spinal cord injury." Thesis, Curtin University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/69344.
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Three mixed methods studies were completed within the Spinal Cord Injury and Physical Activity in the Community (SCIPA Com) program: 1) identification barriers and facilitators to physical activity among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI); 2) implementation of physical activity programs in community fitness centres; and 3) measures of personality attributes related to active behaviour. Results support the ecological validity of SCIPA Com in increasing physical activity levels and health benefits in the SCI population.
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Williams, Toni L. "Spinal cord injury and physical activity : health, well-being and (false) hope." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/21138.
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It is vital that people with spinal cord injury (SCI) maintain a physically active lifestyle to promote lifelong health and well-being. Yet despite these benefits, within hospital rehabilitation and upon discharge into the community, people with SCI are largely inactive. Physiotherapists in SCI rehabilitation have been identified as the healthcare professionals (HCPs) ideally placed to promote a physically active lifestyle. However, to successfully engage people with SCI in physical activity (PA), physiotherapists have to manage their hopes and expectations of SCI rehabilitation. With all this in mind, the purpose of this thesis was to explore the role of PA for people with SCI in hospital rehabilitation and in the community. The first aim of this research was to explore the barriers, benefits and facilitators of PA for people with SCI. The second aim was to examine how hopes and expectations are managed by the physiotherapists in SCI rehabilitation and by health practitioners in a community-based leisure time physical activity (LTPA) setting. The third aim was to propose improvement to LTPA promotion for people with SCI. These aims were addressed through: 1) a meta-synthesis of the qualitative literature to identify the barriers, benefits and facilitators of LTPA for people with SCI; 2) an examination of the role of LTPA in SCI rehabilitation; and 3) an exploration of experiences of participants with SCI, and their trainers in a new type of LTPA; activity-based rehabilitation (ABR). Framed by interpretivism, data were analysed by thematic analysis and dialogical narrative analysis. This thesis has made an original and significant contribution to the literature by revealing a deep understanding of factors that constrain and facilitate physically active lifestyles for people with SCI. For example, this research has uniquely demonstrated the role of pleasure in facilitating continued engagement in LTPA. Furthermore, this thesis identified that despite valuing the role of PA for people with SCI, active promotion of PA remains largely absent from physiotherapy practice. The dilemmas of promoting PA for the physiotherapists in SCI centres included a lack of training and education in health promotion and a concern over the false hope of recovery from LTPA opportunities such as ABR. To try and avoid false hope of recovery, the physiotherapists drew upon the therapeutic plot of acceptance and employed therapeutic actions to guide patients towards realistic hopes and expectations. An identification of three narrative types operating in ABR did reveal that some clients were exercising in the hope to walk again. However, the trainers were not preoccupied with acceptance as they also tried to avoid false hopes of ABR. In light of these findings there are several practical recommendations for people with SCI, HCPs such as physiotherapists, the health care system and other health practitioners in community based LTPA opportunities. These practical implications are aimed at improving PA promotion and reducing the barriers to PA for people with SCI. For example, there is a need for more effective knowledge translation across the macro, meso and micro fields. At the macro level meaningful guidelines on PA for people with SCI need to be developed and embedded into UK and Ireland policies if they are to be received and utilised by physiotherapists in SCI rehabilitation and health practitioners in the community. At the meso and micro level appropriate training and education need to be delivered to physiotherapists on PA and SCI to equip them with sufficient knowledge to prescribe and promote PA. Furthermore, the knowledge on PA shared with physiotherapists needs to include the diversity of LTPA opportunities available to people with SCI including ABR. Closer communication and engagement should be implemented at the micro level between physiotherapists in SCI centres and the health practitioners working in community initiatives such as ABR to confront issues regarding hope. In addition to knowledge translation practices, there needs to be support within the healthcare system to facilitate a physically active lifestyle for people with SCI. Equally, a more critical attitude to PA promotion is called for in terms of the possible adverse consequences.
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McCracken, Laura A. "Cardiac function and physical activity participation in individuals with spinal cord injury." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/61357.
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Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) are at greatly increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This is likely due to physical inactivity and impaired sympathetic control of the heart and blood vessels, resulting in cardiovascular dysfunction. Cardiovascular dysfunction in individuals with SCI is associated with injury level, whereby individuals with higher lesions exhibit greater dysfunction. In people without SCI, cardiac dysfunction predicts CVD. The studies that have investigated cardiac indices in individuals with SCI tend to agree that cardiac atrophy and impaired systolic function occur following SCI. Physical activity is a key method to decrease CVD risk and improve cardiac function, yet few studies have examined the relationship between cardiac function and physical activity in individuals with SCI. Those that have investigated this relationship have used subjective measures of physical activity. The current guidelines for physical activity participation for individuals with SCI were based on a systematic review of the evidence on the benefits of physical activity, yet there was inadequate evidence to prescribe activity intensity and duration to improve cardiovascular health in this population. Individuals with SCI also experience numerous barriers and facilitators to physical activity participation that affect their ability to meet the guideline recommendations. The objectives of this thesis, therefore, were: 1) to objectively measure physical activity in individuals with SCI, using wrist-worn accelerometry during a six-day physical activity monitoring period, and to evaluate the utility of group based wrist accelerometry cut-points to estimate physical activity intensity by comparing MVPA determined by individual cut-points to MVPA determined by group-based cut-points; 2) to determine the relationship between objectively measured physical activity and cardiac structure and function in individuals with SCI across a range of injury levels, and 3) to explore the barriers and facilitators to physical activity participation experienced by individuals with SCI during a six-day physical activity monitoring period.<br>Education, Faculty of<br>Kinesiology, School of<br>Graduate
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Richardson-Smith, Laura Nicole. "Facilitators and Barriers to Physical Activity Among People With Spinal Cord Injury." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1924.
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Research has shown that people with physical disabilities are at risk for developing secondary health conditions. Many of these secondary health conditions may be reduced by engaging in physical activity, yet people with physical disabilities are less likely to participate in physical activity. Information gaps remain regarding facilitators and barriers to physical activity. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to understand the experiences with physical activity among adults with a spinal cord injury (SCI). Research questions asked were about exercise experiences, barriers and facilitators, and the role of the natural and social environment. The theoretical framework used was the theory of planned behavior, in which attitudes and perceived advantages and disadvantages to performing a behavior are considered. In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 adults, 18 years of age and older, who have an SCI that requires the use of a wheelchair. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically by identifying key phrases, determining recurring phrases, and grouping codes into themes. NVivo, a qualitative software, aided in the analysis. The participants in this study faced many obstacles, including physical and social barriers. Despite these barriers, participants recognized the importance of physical activity and identified factors that encouraged exercise. The implications for positive social change from this research include a better understanding among healthcare professionals working with people with disabilities and disability advocates of the experiences people with an SCI have when exercising and the potential to minimize the barriers to physical activity in an effort to reduce related secondary health conditions.
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Martin, Brent. "Physical activity after spinal cord injury: exploring experiences in the Cape Metropolitan area." The University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5779.
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Masters of Science - Msc (Physiotherapy)<br>A spinal cord injury (SCI) is an acquired injury, by which damage to the spinal cord
causes complete or partial neurological impairment. The major causes of premature death
after a spinal cord injury have been documented as septicaemia, urinary tract infections
and respiratory disorders. However since the development of modern, comprehensive,
medical care, persons with spinal cord injuries generally live longer and thus age with
their disability. Several researchers have reported on physical activity and people with SCI
and the benefits of it. The overall aim of this study is to explore and describe the
experiences of community dwelling survivors of spinal cord injuries regarding their
involvement in physical activity or exercise in their respective communities. This was
a descriptive and exploratory study that utilised a qualitative approach.Participants for
this study were mainly recruited from a registry kept by a not-for-profit organization
rendering services and support to survivors of spinal cord injuries in the Cape
Metropolitan area. Furthermore, the use of the photo-voice technique was deemed appropriate
for this study as this would allow the participants to depict their experiences of physical
activity/exercises in their respective communities by means of photographs. Five themes
were generated from the thematic analysis: Knowledge of the benefits of physical activity
or exercise; getting to and from facilities for physical activity or exercise; availability
of facilities; influence of weather and future plans regarding involvement in physical
activity. The findings of this study was that most of the participants were aware of the
importance of physical activity and the majority was involved in some or other form
of physical activity or exercise. A number of factors influenced the participants approach
towards physical activity, mostly external barriers and facilitators, which was highlighted
by emerging themes. Permission and ethics clearance was obtained from Senate Higher
Degree and Research Committee of the University of the Quad-Para Association of South
Africa. Participation in this study was voluntary and confidentiality and anonymity was
assured. Participants were also assured of their right to participate, decline or withdraw at any
time without any implications. In case of any complaint, the participant will be referred for
appropriate intervention. An informed written consent was completed by every participant
who agreed to take part in the study. All participants were treated with dignity and respect and
feedback will be given to all relevant bodies.
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Eitivipart, Aitthanatt. "Physical Activity and Barriers to Exercise in Thai Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/24758.
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This doctoral work sought to describe and quantify current levels of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in Thai individuals with SCI (Thai-SCI) and relate these findings to barriers to exercise and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measures by employing a variety of methodologies, including an overview of systematic reviews, translation of surveys, cross-sectional studies, and qualitative analysis of interviews.
Key findings were; i) aerobic LTPA (>20 minutes per day) and resistance training (3 sets of 8-10 repetitions) both performed twice weekly for at least 6 weeks at moderate-to-vigorous intensity can improve aerobic fitness and muscle strength, respectively in people with SCI; ii) the proportion of Thai-SCI who were sedentary was high. The average time spent on moderate-to-vigorous intensity LTPA and daily-living activities were below SCI-specific PA recommendations and global health guidelines; iii) Thai-SCI who were injured for less than ten years, those who were on welfare and those who lived in a town or city area were more likely to engage in moderate-to-vigorous intensity LTPA.
Significant predictors of participating in moderate-to-vigorous LTPA were the individuals’ personal attitudes to enjoyment of exercise, owning exercise equipment at home and having visited any community recreation facility prior. The significant predictors for not participating in moderate-to-vigorous intensity LTPA were being in a relationship and the lack of a personal assistant who could support the individual to undertake exercise or LTPA. Distinctive characteristics of exercisers versus non-exercisers emerged under six broad themes: a sense of control over injury and health complications, rehabilitation experience, attitudes about exercise, concerns about living conditions, supports and interaction with others, and perceived reasons for exercising/not exercising.
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Latimer, Amy Ginis Kathleen A. Martin. "Bridging the gap: promoting physical activity among individuals with spinal cord injury within the context of the theory of planned behaviour /." *McMaster only, 2004.
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Mat, Rosly Maziah Binti. "Health and leisure time physical activity promotion through exergaming for individuals with spinal cord injury." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18888.
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This thesis comprised of six critical studies divided into three phases, which evaluated the context, explored available alternatives to exercise and sought to improve the unsettling scenario of “sedentary” lifestyles among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). In the first phase, descriptive information on moderate to vigorous exercises and its associated barriers to participation were extracted among community-dwelling SCI. The approach used non-invasive instruments (validated questionnaires) which allowed description of activities and the associated barriers in large epidemiological studies. The second phase, sought to explore and provide a scientifically grounded alternative to exercise termed “exergaming” (a combination of exercise and gaming with body movements) for this population in the form of a systematic review and a pilot study. The third and final phase of the thesis involved comparing exergaming to conventional exercise counterparts whilst finding directions for improvement.
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Rauch, Alexandra [Verfasser], and Alarcos [Akademischer Betreuer] Cieza. "Physical activity in people with spinal cord injury in Switzerland / Alexandra Rauch ; Betreuer: Alarcos Cieza." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1136270779/34.
Full textBooks on the topic "Spinal cord injury, physical activity, efficiency"
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Roberts, Nichola R. The significance of the body as a project for an understanding of physical activity among women with a spinal cord injury. 1998.
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Zetaruk, Merrilee, and Shareef F. Mustapha. Exercise, physical activity, and children with physical or intellectual disabilities. Edited by Neil Armstrong and Willem van Mechelen. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757672.003.0028.
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Many physical and psychological benefits of exercise and sport participation exist for blind or deaf children, as well as children with disabilities such as cerebral palsy, myelomeningocoele, spinal cord injury, and amputations. There are also a number of challenges these children must face in these endeavours. It is important to understand the injuries to which children with disabilities are predisposed and general strategies for prevention. Some adaptations via adjustments in rules and use of specialized wheelchairs and prosthetic devices allow participation in a more diverse range of athletic activity for this population. Many opportunities exist for children with disabilities, including Down syndrome and other intellectual disabilities, to participate in sports at a local or recreational level, all the way to the elite level in the Paralympic Games and Special Olympic World Games. It is important that health professionals become familiar with the unique challenges faced by these individuals.
Book chapters on the topic "Spinal cord injury, physical activity, efficiency"
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Yamasaki, Masahiro, Takashi Komura, Kaoru Fujiie, Hisato Sasaki, Kenji Kai, and Keisuke Ohdoko. "Development of Pressure Sores in Active and Inactive Persons with Spinal Cord Injury." In Adapted Physical Activity. Springer Japan, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68272-1_11.
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Ishii, Kojiro, Masahiro Yamasaki, Satoshi Muraki, Takashi Komura, Kunio Kikuchi, and Kazuya Maeda. "Exercise-Induced Temperature Changes in the Tympanic Membrane and Skin of Patients with Spinal Cord Injury." In Adapted Physical Activity. Springer Japan, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68272-1_13.
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Bassett R., Ginis K.M., Latimer A.E., and Wolfe D.L. "The availability of desired physical activity following spinal cord injury." In Assistive Technology Research Series. IOS Press, 2010. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-080-3-242.
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Purpose: To determine the discrepancy between the types of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) people with spinal cord injury (SCI) desire and the types of LTPA available. A secondary objective was to determine the relationship between this discrepancy in desired and available LTPA and participants' thoughts and feelings towards LTPA. Methods: Questionnaires were completed during a telephone interview. People with SCI (n=259; 75% male, 63% quadriplegic) reported their current LTPA and were classified as active or inactive. The most desired LTPA and its availability was reported. Participants' thoughts and feelings toward LTPA were measured. Results: The most desired LTPA were sports and swimming. Only 54% stated their desired LTPA was available with no difference in availability between active and inactive people. This suggests it is possible to be active when ideal activities are unavailable. However, among inactive people attitudes, intentions and self-efficacy were higher among those who believed the desired LTPA was available versus those who did not (p&lt;.05). Conclusion: Among inactive individuals, increasing LTPA availability may positively influence thoughts and feelings toward LTPA. LTPA initiatives should focus on improving the availability of desired PA such as sports and swimming. Inactive individuals with access to desired PA must be encouraged to participate.
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de Groot S., Post M.W.M., Smit C.A.J., and van der Woude L.H.V. "The physical activity scale for individuals with physical disabilities: limited validity in people with spinal cord injury." In Assistive Technology Research Series. IOS Press, 2010. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-080-3-254.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the construct and divergent validity of the Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities (PASIPD) in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). The construct validity was examined by relationships between PASIPD and measures of fitness (peak oxygen uptake, peak power output, muscular strength) and activities (wheelchair skills, Utrecht Activity List, mobility range and social behaviour subscales of the SIP68) in 139 persons with SCI 1 year after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. Divergent validity was determined by comparing PASIPD scores of people with different personal (age, gender, body mass index) and lesion characteristics (paraplegia/tetraplegia, completeness, time since injury). PASIPD scores showed low correlations with fitness parameters (0.25-0.36, p&lt;0.05) and low to moderate correlations with activities (0.36-0.51, p&lt;0.01). Persons with a tetraplegia or longer time since injury had significantly lower PASIPD scores compared to those with a paraplegia (p&lt;0.02; effect size: 0.17) or those with a short time since injury (p&lt;0.03; effect size: 0.30). It can be concluded that the PASIPD showed weak to moderate relationships with fitness and activity parameters. This construct validity is comparable to self-report questionnaires from the general population. The divergent validity of the PASIPD was low. Therefore, the PASIPD should be used with caution in persons with SCI.
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Jordaan, Adelle, Terry Jeremy Ellapen, Mariette Swanepoel, and Yvonne Paul. "Role of Biokinetics Rehabilitation among Spinal Cord Injured (SCI) Patients." In Spinal Cord Injury - Current Trends in Acute Management, Function Preservation and Rehabilitation Protocols [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103148.
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Spinal cord rehabilitation is a complex and consuming pathology, requiring the skillsets of numerous experts to ensure optimal treatment. To this end, the expertise of an exercise therapist (biokineticist) can play a significant role in health maintenance, as well as in the prevention of the co-morbidities often experienced by this population (elevated risk for metabolic syndrome and coronary heart disease associated with SCI), positively improving patients’ overall quality of life. Biokinetics can furthermore help to lower cardiometabolic risks through the prescription of individualized exercise programs and by working in conjunction with other members of the patients’ health team. Physically active spinal cord injured individuals who use their wheelchairs as an exercise machine can benefit from the expertise of a biokineticist as far as these physically active spinal cord injured individuals often experience upper limb neuro-musculoskeletal overuse injuries. In so far as biokineticists are final-phase rehabilitation exercise therapists who prescribe structured physical activity to improve the physical and physiological conditioning of the patient, they are similar to other exercise therapists, such kinesiotherapists, physical therapists, or physiotherapists, and function within a multi-disciplinary rehabilitation team to improve the quality of life of a spinal cord injured individual.
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Hetz S.P., Latimer A.E., Martin Ginis K.A., and Buchholz A.C. "Activities of daily living and CHD risk factors among individuals with chronic spinal cord injury." In Assistive Technology Research Series. IOS Press, 2010. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-080-3-227.
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The purpose of the study was to evaluate the relationships between participation in activities of daily living (ADL) and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors in individuals with SCI. Participants completed the Physical Activity Recall Assessment for People with Spinal Cord Injury (PARA-SCI) and CHD risk factor assessment including waist circumference, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol (LDL), HDL-cholesterol (HDL), and triglycerides. Using generalized linear models, controlling for leisure time physical activity and covariates, increased Mobility ADL (transferring and wheeling) were associated with lower plasma total cholesterol and LDL. No other significant relationships emerged. Further investigation is needed to determine causality between Mobility ADL and CHD risk.
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van den Berg-Emons R.J., Bussmann J.B., Haisma J.A., et al. "Prospective study on physical activity levels after spinal cord injury during inpatient rehabilitation and the year after discharge." In Assistive Technology Research Series. IOS Press, 2010. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-080-3-134.
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Purpose: To assess change over time in physical activity level (PAL) after spinal cord injury (SCI), to explore its determinants, and to compare PAL 1 year after discharge from the rehabilitation center with able-bodied level. Methods: PAL, as indicated by duration of dynamic activities per day and intensity of everyday activity, was measured in 40 persons with SCI with an accelerometry-based activity monitor during 2 consecutive weekdays. Measurements were obtained at start of active rehabilitation, 3 months later, at discharge, 2 months after discharge, and 1 year after discharge. Results: Random coefficient analyses demonstrated that duration of dynamic activities and intensity of everyday activity increased during inpatient rehabilitation at rates of 41% and 19%, respectively (P&lt;.01). Shortly after discharge, there was a strong decline (33%; P&lt;.001) in duration of dynamic activities. One year after discharge, this decline was restored to discharge level, but was low in comparison with able-bodied level. Level and completeness of lesion were determinants of change in PAL after discharge. Conclusion: PAL increased during inpatient rehabilitation, but this increase did not continue after discharge and level 1 year after discharge was distinctly lower than able-bodied level. Subpopulations had a different change over time in PAL after discharge.
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Riva Giuseppe. "VIRTUAL REALITY IN PARAPLEGIA: A VR-ENHANCED ORTHOPAEDIC APPLIANCE FOR WALKING AND REHABILITATION." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 1998. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-902-8-209.
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Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) have a profound physical, social and emotional cost to patients and their families. Obviously SCIs severely disrupt normal patterns of interaction with the environment. Firstly, the opportunities for active interaction are inevitably diminished due to motor or sensory impairment. Moreover, such problems may increase as the time since injury lengthens and the patient becomes more withdrawn and isolated in all spheres of activity. However, advances in Information Technology are providing new opportunities for rehabilitation technology. These advances are helping people to overcome the physical limitations affecting their mobility or their ability to hear, see or speak.
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Kwan, Joseph S. K., Mona M. Y. Tse, and Leonard S. W. Li. "Neurological rehabilitation." In Oxford Textbook of Geriatric Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198701590.003.0120.
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Neurological rehabilitation aims to help people regain functional independence from physical and cognitive disabilities caused by neurological injuries or diseases, improving their participation in the society and quality of life. Among older patients, the more common need for neurological rehabilitation arises from acute stroke, traumatic brain injury, or spinal cord damage. There has been a recent paradigm shift in the approach of neurological rehabilitation towards promoting neural reorganization, restructure and modification of brain activity patterns (neuroplasticity). Stroke patients benefit from organized interdisciplinary care within a comprehensive stroke unit, followed by early supported discharge in the community. Early intensive therapy and prevention of complications such as infections are the key components of acute neurological rehabilitation. In the post-acute period, a problem-oriented approach using evidence-based strategies can enhance neuroplasticity and patient outcome. Special attention is needed for traumatic brain injury and spinal injury, younger patients, and those with neurocognitive dysfunction.
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Latimer A.E., Brawley L.R., Conlin C., and Martin Ginis K.A. "Examining community organizations' capacity to disseminate evidence-based physical activity promotion initiatives for people with spinal cord injury." In Assistive Technology Research Series. IOS Press, 2010. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-080-3-202.
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To estimate the potential for systematically promoting physical activity (PA) in the spinal cord injury (SCI) population, we examined the capacity of community organizations in a large Canadian province to implement PA promotion initiatives. Representatives from 23 community PA (n=7), sports (n=8) and advocacy (n=8) organizations for people with disabilities completed a community capacity questionnaire and a follow-up telephone interview. Organizations' strategic priorities and available resources for promoting PA were obtained. Descriptive statistics for questionnaire data and recurring themes from participants' interview responses were analyzed. While 96% of organizations valued PA, only 65% had a strategic priority to promote PA. The majority (&gt;73%) were willing to integrate PA promotion into current services (e.g., peer support programs) or link with other organizations already promoting PA (e.g., post a website ad). However, their capacity was limited; 40% indicated needing resources to foster PA promotion. Capacity building at multiple levels is needed for successful dissemination of evidence-based PA promotion initiatives for people with SCI.
Conference papers on the topic "Spinal cord injury, physical activity, efficiency"
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Kardes, Kubra, Yasemin Buran Cirak, Emine Atici, Burcu Isikci, Yunus Emre Tutuneken, and Nurgül Durustkan Elbasi. "Determination of parameters associated with physical activity levels in spinal cord injury." In ERS International Congress 2023 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2023.pa3767.
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Tan, CheeFai, Wei Chen, Marcel Verbunt, Christoph Bartneck, and Matthias Rauterberg. "Adaptive Posture Advisory System for Spinal Cord Injury Patient During Long Haul Air Travel." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86076.
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Today, air travel is popular as a way of transportation for different purpose such as business and tourism. The numbers of air travel passengers are increasing every year. At the same time the flight distance is increased because of better fuel efficiency and technology advancement of airplanes. Sitting is the most common activity during the flight. The US Department of Health advised the disable people to change their sitting posture frequently to relieve sitting pressures at least every 1 hour, and every 15 minutes for normal people. Decubitus is widely recognized as serious complication for a person with spinal cord injury. Motor paralyses affected a person’s ability to respond unconsciously to potential noxious stimuli. Decubitus affect the quality of life of spinal cord injury patient. For the spinal cord injury patient who travels with long haul flight, which is more than 5 hours, the decubitus risk will increase. The paper describes the development of an adaptive posture advisory system for spinal cord injury passengers. The aim of the system is to reduce the decubitus risk of the spinal cord injury patient during long haul flight.
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Brown, Emily, Yusra Farhat Ullah, Kimberly Gustafson, and William Durfee. "Preliminary Design of Musclae-Powered Exoskeleton for Users with Spinal Cord Injury." In 2022 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2022-1013.
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Abstract The exercise methods available to individuals with spinal cord injuries are limited, increasing their risk of pressure sores, muscle atrophy, diminished bone strength, and diminished blood flow efficiency. The FES Energy Storing Exoskeleton combines the simplicity of a passive exoskeleton with functional electrical stimulation of the quadriceps muscles, enabling the user to stand and walk using their own muscles. To reduce muscle fatigue, the initial energy supplied by FES is supplemented by gas springs for energy storage and bidirectional clutch mechanisms for joint locking and control. Gas springs have superior energy storage qualities over pneumatic cylinders and elastomer bands due to their high energy-to-weight ratio and constant force properties. A qualitative analysis of joint locking mechanisms has suggested that a bidirectional clutch mechanism has the potential to overcome the sagging exhibited by the wrap springs used in previous versions of the exoskeleton. While the design of the novel clutch mechanism is the subject of a future work, the functionality and benefits of the mechanism are described in the context of the overall performance of the exoskeleton. The revised design is predicted to weigh 10.2 kg, which is 6.8 kg lighter than the previous exoskeleton design, and is significantly lighter than most commercial motorized walking exoskeletons. A detailed CAD model of the improved system has been developed and future work includes creating and validating a physical prototype.
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Myers, Michael, Zak Evans, Orlando Cintron, et al. "E-Tetra Kayak: Adaptive Sport Kayak for Recreational Therapy for Persons With Spinal Cord Injuries." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14831.
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A person with tetraplegia has lost the ability to willfully control his/her arms and legs, usually due to a severe spinal cord injury. Existing technologies using head motion or puffs of breath to control device movement promise increased mobility and the possibility of expanding recreational activities in a variety of forms to this population. Lack of access to rehabilitative services and engaging recreational activity fosters inactivity. This often creates an environment that causes individuals with physical disabilities to experience reduced function and mobility beyond the cause of their disability, and further disengages them from society 1. Adaptive sports are increasing in popularity and provide many benefits to participants.
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Subashi, Brunilda, Fatjona Kamberi, Erlini Kokalla, et al. "Dimensional measurement accuracy to health, quality of life and health related quality of life." In Proceedings of the International Congress Public Health - Achievements and Challenges. Institute of Public Health of Serbia "Dr Milan Jovanović Batut", 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/batutphco24100s.
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Background: Health is only one dimension of quality of life, and quality of life is more than health status, clinical symptoms, or functional ability, however it might be challenging to distinguish between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and both health and quality of life (QoL). Methods and Objectives: This study aims to identify dimensional measurement accuracy to health, quality of life and health related quality of life, and the focus of studies related to these terms. The PubMed database was searched for studies related to the terms 'dimensional measurement accuracy', 'health', 'quality of life', and 'quality of life related to health' without time limit. Results: A total of 14 results were found from the search: 4 results in relation to 'health', 5 results in relation to 'quality of life', 5 results in relation to 'health related quality of life. Among the 4 studies found in relation to health and dimensions of health, 2 of them had the objective of highlighting the importance of physical activity (respectively 6-minute walking and cardiorespiratory fitness) while one of them had the objective to compare weight estimation methods in an inner-city pediatric population with high obesity rates, while another study emphasizes the role of spatial contiguity and interfeature distances in the composite face illusion. While the 5 studies related to quality of life and health related quality of life turned out to be the same studies. 3 of the studies are related to the development and validation of an instrument (PROM) with respectively objectives, one study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of various symptoms and domains in differentiating patients with fibromyalgia from healthy controls, and the other study aims to assess psychological personal factors in individuals with spinal cord injury using Rasch analysis. Conclusions: The accuracy and precision of the dimensional measurement is essential for the validity and reliability of the studies.
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Mneimneh, Farah, Nesreen Ghaddar, Kamel Ghali, Charbel Moussalem, and Ibrahim Omeis. "Modeling the Effect of Cooling Vest on Body Thermal Response of People With Paraplegia During Exercise." In ASME 2019 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2019 13th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2019-3474.
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Abstract Persons with thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI), also named as people with paraplegia (PA), are encouraged to participate in sport activities for sake of improving their quality of life and health. Yet, heat strain is a major consequence of SCI after which the body loses its ability to regulate its temperature. Disruption in body temperature regulation and instability in core temperature (Tcr) endangers the patient health especially when subjected to extreme ambient conditions or high level of physical activity. Since thermophysiology is disrupted after SCI, using conventional personal cooling methods may not be effective on PA in a way similar to that of able-bodied people (AB). Experimental studies evaluated the effect of phase change material (PCM) and ice cooling vests on thermal response of PA during exercise. Results showed no change in Tcr values for both types of vest during exercise. This study aims at studying the effectiveness of PCM cooling vest for PA during exercise at intensity level of 6.5 MET within 21.1–23.9 °C room temperature and 50% relative humidity. A multi-segmented bioheat model of PA coupled with PCM cooling vest model (fabric-PCM-PA model) was deployed to predict Tcr values at different design conditions of the vest. Segmental core and skin temperatures profiles and the sensible and latent heat losses were obtained for torso segments to assess the percentage of enhancement in the cooling vest performance. Results showed that Tcr value of the body and Tcr values of the torso segments didn’t change at different design conditions of the vest; yet sensible heat losses were increased for all torso segments and latent heat losses were reduced. Decreases in latent heat losses affected Tsk values at the torso. Simulations were performed using fabric-PCM model integrated with PA bioheat model applying variation of skin coverage area, melting point of PCM and combination of both designs. An effective design of the vest for PA was found when using PCM packet at 10°C melting point and coverage area about 40% of torso because sensible heat losses were the highest compared to the other design cases of the vest.
Reports on the topic "Spinal cord injury, physical activity, efficiency"
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Selph, Shelly S., Andrea C. Skelly, Ngoc Wasson, et al. Physical Activity and the Health of Wheelchair Users: A Systematic Review in Multiple Sclerosis, Cerebral Palsy, and Spinal Cord Injury. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer241.
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Objectives. Although the health benefits of physical activity are well described for the general population, less is known about the benefits and harms of physical activity in people dependent upon, partially dependent upon, or at risk for needing a wheelchair. This systematic review summarizes the evidence for physical activity in people with multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, and spinal cord injury regardless of current use or nonuse of a wheelchair. Data sources. We searched MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, PsycINFO®, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase®, and Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Source from 2008 through November 2020, reference lists, and clinical trial registries. Review methods. Predefined criteria were used to select randomized controlled trials, quasiexperimental nonrandomized trials, and cohort studies that addressed the benefits and harms of observed physical activity (at least 10 sessions on 10 different days of movement using more energy than rest) in participants with multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, and spinal cord injury. Individual study quality (risk of bias) and the strength of bodies of evidence for key outcomes were assessed using prespecified methods. Dual review procedures were used. Effects were analyzed by etiology of impairment and physical activity modality, such as treadmill, aquatic exercises, and yoga, using qualitative, and when appropriate, quantitative synthesis using random effects meta-analyses. Results. We included 146 randomized controlled trials, 15 quasiexperimental nonrandomized trials, and 7 cohort studies (168 studies in 197 publications). More studies enrolled participants with multiple sclerosis (44%) than other conditions, followed by cerebral palsy (38%) and spinal cord injury (18%). Most studies were rated fair quality (moderate risk of bias). The majority of the evidence was rated low strength. • In participants with multiple sclerosis, walking ability may be improved with treadmill training and multimodal exercise regimens that include strength training; function may be improved with treadmill training, balance exercises, and motion gaming; balance is likely improved with postural control exercises (which may also reduce risk of falls) and may be improved with aquatic exercises, robot-assisted gait training, treadmill training, motion gaming, and multimodal exercises; activities of daily living may be improved with aquatic therapy; sleep may be improved with aerobic exercises; aerobic fitness may be improved with multimodal exercises; and female sexual function may be improved with aquatic exercise. • In participants with cerebral palsy, balance may be improved with hippotherapy and motion gaming, and function may be improved with cycling, treadmill training, and hippotherapy. • In participants with spinal cord injury, evidence suggested that activities of daily living may be improved with robot-assisted gait training. • When randomized controlled trials were pooled across types of exercise, physical activity interventions were found to improve walking in multiple sclerosis and likely improve balance and depression in multiple sclerosis. Physical activity may improve function and aerobic fitness in people with cerebral palsy or spinal cord injury. When studies of populations with multiple sclerosis and cerebral palsy were combined, evidence indicated dance may improve function. • Evidence on long-term health outcomes was not found for any analysis groups. For intermediate outcomes such as blood pressure, lipid profile, and blood glucose, there was insufficient evidence from which to draw conclusions. There was inadequate reporting of adverse events in many trials. Conclusions. Physical activity was associated with improvements in walking ability, general function, balance (including fall risk), depression, sleep, activities of daily living, female sexual function, and aerobic capacity, depending on population enrolled and type of exercise utilized. No studies reported long-term cardiovascular or metabolic disease health outcomes. Future trials could alter these findings; further research is needed to examine health outcomes, and to understand the magnitude and clinical importance of benefits seen in intermediate outcomes.