Relevant bibliographies by topics / Spinal cord Locomotion

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Spinal cord Locomotion'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Spinal cord Locomotion"

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Gerasimenko, Yury, Chet Preston, Hui Zhong, Roland R. Roy, V. Reggie Edgerton, and Prithvi K. Shah. "Rostral lumbar segments are the key controllers of hindlimb locomotor rhythmicity in the adult spinal rat." Journal of Neurophysiology 122, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 585–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00810.2018.

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The precise location and functional organization of the spinal neuronal locomotor-related networks in adult mammals remain unclear. Our recent neurophysiological findings provided empirical evidence that the rostral lumbar spinal cord segments play a critical role in the initiation and generation of the rhythmic activation patterns necessary for hindlimb locomotion in adult spinal rats. Since added epidural stimulation at the S1 segments significantly enhanced the motor output generated by L2 stimulation, these data also suggested that the sacral spinal cord provides a strong facilitory influence in rhythm initiation and generation. However, whether L2 will initiate hindlimb locomotion in the absence of S1 segments, and whether S1 segments can facilitate locomotion in the absence of L2 segments remain unknown. Herein, adult rats received complete spinal cord transections at T8 and then at either L2 or S1. Rats with spinal cord transections at T8 and S1 remained capable of generating coordinated hindlimb locomotion when receiving epidural stimulation at L2 and when ensembles of locomotor related loadbearing input were present. In contrast, minimal locomotion was observed when S1 stimulation was delivered after spinal cord transections at T8 and L2. Results were similar when the nonspecific serotonergic agonists were administered. These results demonstrate in adult rats that rostral lumbar segments are essential for the regulation of hindlimb locomotor rhythmicity. In addition, the more caudal spinal networks alone cannot control locomotion in the absence of the rostral segments around L2 even when loadbearing rhythmic proprioceptive afferent input is imposed. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The exact location of the spinal neuronal locomotor-related networks in adult mammals remains unknown. The present data demonstrate that when the rostral lumbar spinal segments (~L2) are completely eliminated in thoracic spinal adult rats, hindlimb stepping is not possible with neurochemical modulation of the lumbosacral cord. In contrast, eliminating the sacral cord retains stepping ability. These observations highlight the importance of rostral lumbar segments in generating effective mammalian locomotion.
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Rossignol, S., G. Barrière, O. Alluin, and A. Frigon. "Re-expression of Locomotor Function After Partial Spinal Cord Injury." Physiology 24, no. 2 (April 2009): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00042.2008.

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After a complete spinal section, quadruped mammals (cats, rats, and mice) can generally regain hindlimb locomotion on a treadmill because the spinal cord below the lesion can express locomotion through a neural circuitry termed the central pattern generator (CPG). In this review, we propose that the spinal CPG also plays a crucial role in the locomotor recovery after incomplete spinal cord injury.
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Rossignol, S., E. Brustein, L. Bouyer, D. Barthélemy, C. Langlet, and H. Leblond. "Adaptive changes of locomotion after central and peripheral lesions." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 82, no. 8-9 (July 1, 2004): 617–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y04-068.

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This paper reviews findings on the adaptive changes of locomotion in cats after spinal cord or peripheral nerve lesions. From the results obtained after lesions of the ventral/ventrolateral pathways or the dorsal/dorsolateral pathways, we conclude that with extensive but partial spinal lesions, cats can regain voluntary quadrupedal locomotion on a treadmill. Although tract-specific deficits remain after such lesions, intact descending tracts can compensate for the lesioned tracts and access the spinal network to generate voluntary locomotion. Such neuroplasticity of locomotor control mechanisms is also demonstrated after peripheral nerve lesions in cats with intact or lesioned spinal cords. Some models have shown that recovery from such peripheral nerve lesions probably involves changes at the supra spinal and spinal levels. In the case of somesthesic denervation of the hindpaws, we demonstrated that cats with a complete spinal section need some cutaneous inputs to walk with a plantigrade locomotion, and that even in this spinal state, cats can adapt their locomotion to partial cutaneous denervation. Altogether, these results suggest that there is significant plasticity in spinal and supraspinal locomotor controls to justify the beneficial effects of early proactive and sustained locomotor training after central (Rossignol and Barbeau 1995; Barbeau et al. 1998) or peripheral lesions.Key words: spinal lesions, nerve lesions, locomotion, neuroplisticity, locomotor training.
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Huang, A., B. R. Noga, P. A. Carr, B. Fedirchuk, and L. M. Jordan. "Spinal Cholinergic Neurons Activated During Locomotion: Localization and Electrophysiological Characterization." Journal of Neurophysiology 83, no. 6 (June 1, 2000): 3537–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2000.83.6.3537.

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The objective of the present study was to determine the location of the cholinergic neurons activated in the spinal cord of decerebrate cats during fictive locomotion. Locomotion was induced by stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR). After bouts of locomotion during a 7–9 h period, the animals were perfused and the L3–S1 spinal cord segments removed. Cats in the control group were subjected to the same surgical procedures but no locomotor task. The tissues were sectioned and then stained by immunohistochemical methods for detection of the c-fos protein and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) enzyme. The resultant c-fos labeling in the lumbar spinal cord was similar to that induced by fictive locomotion in the cat. ChAT-positive cells also clearly exhibited fictive locomotion induced c-fos labeling. Double labeling with c-fos and ChAT was observed in cells within ventral lamina VII, VIII, and possibly IX. Most of them were concentrated in the medial portion of lamina VII close to lamina X, similar in location to the partition and central canal cells found by Barber and collaborators. The number of ChAT and c-fos–labeled neurons was increased following fictive locomotion and was greatest in the intermediate gray, compared with dorsal and ventral regions. The results are consistent with the suggestion that cholinergic interneurons in the lumbar spinal cord are involved in the production of fictive locomotion. Cells in the regions positive for double-labeled cells were targeted for electrophysiological study during locomotion, intracellular filling, and subsequent processing for ChAT immunohistochemistry. Three cells identified in this way were vigorously active during locomotion in phase with ipsilateral extension, and they projected to the contralateral side of the spinal cord. Thus a new population of spinal cord cells can be defined: cholinergic partition cells with commissural projections that are active during the extension phase of locomotion.
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Liu, Jun, Turgay Akay, Peter B. Hedlund, Keir G. Pearson, and Larry M. Jordan. "Spinal 5-HT7 Receptors Are Critical for Alternating Activity During Locomotion: In Vitro Neonatal and In Vivo Adult Studies Using 5-HT7 Receptor Knockout Mice." Journal of Neurophysiology 102, no. 1 (July 2009): 337–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.91239.2008.

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5-HT7 receptors have been implicated in the control of locomotion. Here we use 5-HT7 receptor knockout mice to rigorously test whether 5-HT acts at the 5-HT7 receptor to control locomotor-like activity in the neonatal mouse spinal cord in vitro and voluntary locomotion in adult mice. We found that 5-HT applied onto in vitro spinal cords of 5-HT7+/+ mice produced locomotor-like activity that was disrupted and subsequently blocked by the 5-HT7 receptor antagonist SB-269970. In spinal cords isolated from 5-HT7−/− mice, 5-HT produced either uncoordinated rhythmic activity or resulted in synchronous discharges of the ventral roots. SB-269970 had no effect on 5-HT-induced rhythmic activity in the 5-HT7−/− mice. In adult in vivo experiments, SB-269970 applied directly to the spinal cord consistently disrupted locomotion and produced prolonged-extension of the hindlimbs in 5-HT7+/+ but not 5-HT7−/− mice. Disrupted EMG activity produced by SB-269970 in vivo was similar to the uncoordinated rhythmic activity produced by the drug in vitro. Moreover, 5-HT7−/− mice displayed greater maximal extension at the hip and ankle joints than 5-HT7+/+ animals during voluntary locomotion. These results suggest that spinal 5-HT7 receptors are required for the production and coordination of 5-HT-induced locomotor-like activity in the neonatal mouse and are important for the coordination of voluntary locomotion in adult mice. We conclude that spinal 5-HT7 receptors are critical for alternating activity during locomotion.
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Tresch, Matthew C., and Ole Kiehn. "Population Reconstruction of the Locomotor Cycle From Interneuron Activity in the Mammalian Spinal Cord." Journal of Neurophysiology 83, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 1972–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2000.83.4.1972.

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Lesion studies have shown that neuronal networks in the ventromedial regions of the neonatal rat spinal cord are critical for the production of locomotion. We examined whether the locomotor cycle could be accurately predicted based on the activity recorded in a population of spinal interneurons located in these regions during pharmacologically induced locomotion. We used a Bayesian probabilistic reconstruction procedure to predict the most likely phase of locomotion given the observed activity in the neuronal population. The population reconstruction was able to predict the correct locomotor phase with high accuracy using a relatively small number of neurons. This result demonstrates that although the spike activity of individual spinal interneurons in the ventromedial region is weak and varies from cycle to cycle, the locomotor phase can be accurately predicted when information from the population is combined. This result is consistent with the proposed involvement of interneurons within these regions of the spinal cord in the production of locomotion.
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Chen, Yi, Lu Chen, Rongliang Liu, Yu Wang, Xiang Yang Chen, and Jonathan R. Wolpaw. "Locomotor impact of beneficial or nonbeneficial H-reflex conditioning after spinal cord injury." Journal of Neurophysiology 111, no. 6 (March 15, 2014): 1249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00756.2013.

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When new motor learning changes neurons and synapses in the spinal cord, it may affect previously learned behaviors that depend on the same spinal neurons and synapses. To explore these effects, we used operant conditioning to strengthen or weaken the right soleus H-reflex pathway in rats in which a right spinal cord contusion had impaired locomotion. When up-conditioning increased the H-reflex, locomotion improved. Steps became longer, and step-cycle asymmetry (i.e., limping) disappeared. In contrast, when down-conditioning decreased the H-reflex, locomotion did not worsen. Steps did not become shorter, and asymmetry did not increase. Electromyographic and kinematic analyses explained how H-reflex increase improved locomotion and why H-reflex decrease did not further impair it. Although the impact of up-conditioning or down-conditioning on the H-reflex pathway was still present during locomotion, only up-conditioning affected the soleus locomotor burst. Additionally, compensatory plasticity apparently prevented the weaker H-reflex pathway caused by down-conditioning from weakening the locomotor burst and further impairing locomotion. The results support the hypothesis that the state of the spinal cord is a “negotiated equilibrium” that serves all the behaviors that depend on it. When new learning changes the spinal cord, old behaviors undergo concurrent relearning that preserves or improves their key features. Thus, if an old behavior has been impaired by trauma or disease, spinal reflex conditioning, by changing a specific pathway and triggering a new negotiation, may enable recovery beyond that achieved simply by practicing the old behavior. Spinal reflex conditioning protocols might complement other neurorehabilitation methods and enhance recovery.
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Chen, Yi, Lu Chen, Yu Wang, Jonathan R. Wolpaw, and Xiang Yang Chen. "Persistent beneficial impact of H-reflex conditioning in spinal cord-injured rats." Journal of Neurophysiology 112, no. 10 (November 15, 2014): 2374–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00422.2014.

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Operant conditioning of a spinal cord reflex can improve locomotion in rats and humans with incomplete spinal cord injury. This study examined the persistence of its beneficial effects. In rats in which a right lateral column contusion injury had produced asymmetric locomotion, up-conditioning of the right soleus H-reflex eliminated the asymmetry while down-conditioning had no effect. After the 50-day conditioning period ended, the H-reflex was monitored for 100 [±9 (SD)] (range 79–108) more days and locomotion was then reevaluated. After conditioning ended in up-conditioned rats, the H-reflex continued to increase, and locomotion continued to improve. In down-conditioned rats, the H-reflex decrease gradually disappeared after conditioning ended, and locomotion at the end of data collection remained as impaired as it had been before and immediately after down-conditioning. The persistence (and further progression) of H-reflex increase but not H-reflex decrease in these spinal cord-injured rats is consistent with the fact that up-conditioning improved their locomotion while down-conditioning did not. That is, even after up-conditioning ended, the up-conditioned H-reflex pathway remained adaptive because it improved locomotion. The persistence and further enhancement of the locomotor improvement indicates that spinal reflex conditioning protocols might supplement current therapies and enhance neurorehabilitation. They may be especially useful when significant spinal cord regeneration becomes possible and precise methods for retraining the regenerated spinal cord are needed.
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Minassian, Karen, Ursula S. Hofstoetter, Florin Dzeladini, Pierre A. Guertin, and Auke Ijspeert. "The Human Central Pattern Generator for Locomotion: Does It Exist and Contribute to Walking?" Neuroscientist 23, no. 6 (March 28, 2017): 649–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073858417699790.

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The ability of dedicated spinal circuits, referred to as central pattern generators (CPGs), to produce the basic rhythm and neural activation patterns underlying locomotion can be demonstrated under specific experimental conditions in reduced animal preparations. The existence of CPGs in humans is a matter of debate. Equally elusive is the contribution of CPGs to normal bipedal locomotion. To address these points, we focus on human studies that utilized spinal cord stimulation or pharmacological neuromodulation to generate rhythmic activity in individuals with spinal cord injury, and on neuromechanical modeling of human locomotion. In the absence of volitional motor control and step-specific sensory feedback, the human lumbar spinal cord can produce rhythmic muscle activation patterns that closely resemble CPG-induced neural activity of the isolated animal spinal cord. In this sense, CPGs in humans can be defined by the activity they produce. During normal locomotion, CPGs could contribute to the activation patterns during specific phases of the step cycle and simplify supraspinal control of step cycle frequency as a feedforward component to achieve a targeted speed. Determining how the human CPGs operate will be essential to advance the theory of neural control of locomotion and develop new locomotor neurorehabilitation paradigms.
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Frigon, Alain, and Serge Rossignol. "Locomotor and Reflex Adaptation After Partial Denervation of Ankle Extensors in Chronic Spinal Cats." Journal of Neurophysiology 100, no. 3 (September 2008): 1513–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.90321.2008.

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This work investigates the capacity of the spinal cord to generate locomotion after a complete spinal section and its ability to adapt its locomotor pattern after a peripheral nerve lesion. To study this intrinsic adaptive capacity, the left lateral gastrocnemius-soleus (LGS) nerve was sectioned in three cats that expressed a stable locomotion following a complete spinal transection. The electromyograph (EMG) of multiple hindlimb muscles and reflexes, evoked by stimulating the left tibial (Tib) nerve at the ankle, were recorded before and after denervation during treadmill locomotion. Following denervation, the mean amplitude of EMG bursts of multiple hindlimb muscles increased during locomotion, similar to what is found after an identical denervation in otherwise intact cats. Reflex changes were noted in ipsilateral flexors, such as semitendinosus and tibialis anterior, but not in the ipsilateral knee extensor vastus lateralis following denervation. The present results demonstrate that the spinal cord possesses the circuitry necessary to mediate increased EMG activity in multiple hindlimb muscles and also to produce changes in reflex pathways after a muscle denervation. The similarity of changes following LGS denervation in cats with an intact and transected spinal cord suggests that spinal mechanisms play a major role in the locomotor adaptation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spinal cord Locomotion"

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Chen, Yi. "Re-educating the injured spinal cord by operant conditioning of a reflex pathway." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1147873519.

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Restrepo, Arboleda Carlos Ernesto. "Neurotransmitter phenotypes of neurons in the spinal cord and their functional role in the mouse locomotor network." Stockholm, 2010. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2010/978-91-7409-833-4/.

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Thota, Anil Kumar. "NEUROMECHANICAL CONTROL OF LOCOMOTION IN INTACT AND INCOMPLETE SPINAL CORD INJURED RATS." UKnowledge, 2004. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/195.

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Rodent models are being extensively used to investigate the effects of traumatic injuryand to develop and assess the mechanisms of repair and regeneration. We presentquantitative assessment of 2D kinematics of overground walking and for the first time3D joint angle kinematics of all four limbs during treadmill walking in the intact and inincomplete spinal cord contusion injured (iSCI) adult female Long Evans rats. Phaserelationship between joint angles on a cycle-by-cycle basis and interlimb footfalls areassessed using a simple technique. Electromyogram (EMG) data from major flexor andextensor muscles for each of the hindlimb joints and elbow extensor muscles of theforelimbs synchronized to the 3D kinematics is also obtained in intact rats. EMG activityindicates specific relationships of the neural activity to joint angle kinematics. We findthat the ankle flexors as well as the hip and elbow extensors maintain constant burstduration with changing cycle duration. Overground walking kinematics providesinformation on stance width (SW), stride length (SL) and hindfoot rotation (Rot). SW andRot increased in iSCI rats. Treadmill walking kinematics provides information on jointangle trajectories. In iSCI rats double burst pattern in ankle angle as seen in intact ratsis lost and knee extension and range are reduced. Intra and interlimb coordination isimpaired. Left-right interlimb coordination and forelimb kinematics are not alteredsignificantly. In iSCI rats, maximum flexion of the knee during swing occurs in phasewith the hip as opposed to knee flexion preceeding hip flexion in intact rats. A mildexercise regimen in intact rats over eight weeks does not alter the kinematics.
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Bulea, Thomas Campbell. "A Variable Impedance Hybrid Neuroprosthesis for Enhanced Locomotion after Spinal Cord Injury." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1333564164.

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Knafo, Steven. "Sensorimotor integration in the moving spinal cord." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066559/document.

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Certaines observations suggèrent que les afférences méchano-sensorielles peuvent moduler l’activité des générateurs centraux du rythme locomoteur (ou Central Pattern Generators, CPGs). Cependant, il est impossible d’explorer les circuits neuronaux sous-jacents chez l’animal en mouvement à l’aide d’enregistrements électrophysiologiques lors d’expériences de locomotion dite « fictive ». Dans cette étude, nous avons enregistré de façon sélective et non-invasive les neurones moteurs et sensoriels dans la moelle épinière pendant la locomotion active en ciblant génétiquement le senseur bioluminescent GFP-Aequorin chez la larve de poisson zèbre. En utilisant l’imagerie calcique à l’échelle des neurones individuels, nous confirmons que les signaux de bioluminescence reflètent bien le recrutement différentiel des groupes de motoneurones spinaux durant la locomotion active. La diminution importante de ces signaux chez des animaux paralysés ou des mutants immobiles démontre que le retour méchano-sensoriel augmente le recrutement des motoneurones spinaux pendant la locomotion active. En accord avec cette observation, nous montrons que les neurones méchano-sensoriels spinaux sont en effet recrutés chez les animaux en mouvement, et que leur inhibition affecte les réflexes d’échappement chez des larves nageant librement. L’ensemble de ces résultats met en lumière la contribution du retour méchano-sensoriel sur la production locomotrice et les différences qui en résultent entre les locomotions active et fictive
There is converging evidence that mechanosensory feedback modulates the activity of spinal central pattern generators underlying vertebrate locomotion. However, probing the underlying circuits in behaving animals is not possible in “fictive” locomotion electrophysiological recordings. Here, we achieve selective and non-invasive monitoring of spinal motor and sensory neurons during active locomotion by genetically targeting the bioluminescent sensor GFP-Aequorin in larval zebrafish. Using GCaMP imaging of individual neurons, we confirm that bioluminescence signals reflect the differential recruitment of motor pools during motion. Their significant reduction in paralyzed animals and immotile mutants demonstrates that mechanosensory feedback enhances the recruitment of spinal motor neurons during active locomotion. Accordingly, we show that spinal mechanosensory neurons are recruited in moving animals and that their silencing impairs escapes in freely behaving larvae. Altogether, these results shed light on the contribution of mechanosensory feedback to motor output and the resulting differences between active and fictive locomotion
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Wikström, Martin. "Dopaminergic and serotonergic modulation of cellular and locomotor network properties in the lamprey spinal cord /." Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3731-1/.

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Hagevik, André. "Brainstem and spinal cord mechanisms that control locomotor activity in larval lamprey /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9842533.

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Perry, Sharn. "Deciphering the Locomotor Network : The Role of Spinal Cord Interneurons." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för neurovetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-305601.

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In the spinal cord, an intricate neural network generates and coordinates the patterning of limb movements during locomotion. This network, known as the locomotor central pattern generator (CPG), comprises of various cell populations that together orchestrate the output of motor neurons. Identification of CPG neurons through their specific gene expression is a valuable tool that can provide considerable insight to the character, intrinsic properties and role of a population, which represents a step toward understanding locomotor circuit function and correlating neural activity to behaviour. We selectively targeted two inhibitory CPG populations to investigate their molecular characteristics, circuitry and functional role; Renshaw cells (RCs) marked by their specific expression of the cholinergic nicotinic receptor α2 (Chrna2) and a subset of the dI6 population derived by their selective expression of the Doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 3 (Dmrt3). We found that RCs have hyperpolarisation-activated cation (Ih) and small calcium-activated potassium (ISK) modulatory currents that differentially regulate their excitation and firing properties, which influence the instantaneous feedback to motor neurons through the recurrent inhibition circuit. Due to previous difficulties isolating RCs from the surrounding locomotor circuits, their functional role remains poorly defined. For the first time, we selectively silenced RC inhibition and found that all aspects of motor behaviour, including coordination and gait were normal. The deletion of RC signalling instead altered the electrical and synaptic properties of the recurrent inhibitory circuit, suggesting that developmental plasticity compensates for the loss of RC inhibition. We reveal Dmrt3 neurons comprise a population of glycinergic inhibitory, spike-frequency adapting commissural interneurons active during locomotion. Conditional silencing of the Dmrt3 population resulted in considerable gait abnormalities in the neonatal and adult mouse. This manifested as an uncoordinated CPG output in vitro, impaired limb coordination in pups and increased fore- and hindlimb synchrony in adults that was exacerbated at faster locomotor speeds. Dmrt3 mediated inhibition subsequently impacts locomotion and suggests the Dmrt3 population contribute to coordinating speed dependent left-right limb alternation. This thesis provides cellular, circuit and behavioural insights into the Renshaw cell and Dmrt3 populations and enhances our knowledge regarding their probable function within the locomotor CPG.
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Pomfret, David. "Differences in Aerobic Response to Wheelchair Locomotion." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2010. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/299.

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The purpose of this study was to explore the differences in the aerobic response to wheeling between wheelchair dependent individuals and able-bodied individuals of similar genders and ages. Five wheelchair dependent men (WC) and five able-bodied men (AB) performed a 13 minute wheeling test (5 min. at rest, 8 min. wheeling) at 4.0 km∙hr-1. Heart rate (HR) and VO2 were recorded using a Vmax ST system during the constant speed test. There was no significant difference in HR or VO2 between the two groups during rest. Both HR and VO2 were higher for WC during exercise. The mean METS during exercise for WC and AB were 3.589 ± 0.516 and 2.726 ± 0.164, respectively. The results indicate that at a given workload a spinal cord injured wheelchair user will have a greater aerobic response than an able-bodied person in a wheelchair completing the same task.
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Hansen, Christopher Nelson. "REMOTE DISRUPTION OF FUNCTION, PLASTICITY, AND LEARNING IN LOCOMOTOR NETWORKS AFTER SPINAL CORD INJURY." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1385716231.

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Books on the topic "Spinal cord Locomotion"

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IBRO Symposium (1991 Paris, France). Muscle afferents and spinal control of movement. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1992.

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Spinal locomotion: A new approach to human neurophysiology and treatment in spinal cord lesion. [Bratislava?: Slovak Academy of Science?, 1996.

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Locomotor Training Principles And Practice. Oxford University Press, 2011.

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Stecina, Katinka, Kristine C. Cowley, Claire Francesca Meehan, Michelle Maria Rank, and Michael A. Lane, eds. Propriospinal Neurons: Essential Elements in Locomotion, Autonomic Function and Plasticity after Spinal Cord Injury and Disease. Frontiers Media SA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88966-916-5.

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D, Binder Marc, ed. Peripheral and spinal mechanisms in the neural control of movement. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1999.

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Tsai, Eve Chung. Mechanisms of locomotor recovery after spinal cord repair with peripheral nerves, fibroblast growth factor 1, and fibrin glue after complete spinal cord transection in the adult mammal. 2004.

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Biewener, Andrew A., and Shelia N. Patek, eds. Neuromuscular Control of Movement. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198743156.003.0008.

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The control of movement is essential for animals traversing complex environments and operating across a range of speeds and gaits. We consider how animals process sensory information and initiate motor responses, primarily focusing on simple motor responses that involve local reflex pathways of feedback and control, rather than the more complex, longer-term responses that require the broader integration of higher centers within the nervous system. We explore how local circuits facilitate decentralized coordination of locomotor rhythm and examine the fundamentals of sensory receptors located in the muscles, tendons, joints, and at the animal’s body surface. These sensors monitor the animal’s physical environment and the action of its muscles. The sensory information is then carried back to the animal’s nervous system by afferent neurons, providing feedback that is integrated at the level of the spinal cord of vertebrates and sensory-motor ganglia of invertebrates.
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(Editor), T. Kumazawa, L. Kruger (Editor), and K. Mizumura (Editor), eds. The Polymodal Receptor - A Gateway to Pathological Pain (Progress in Brain Research). Elsevier Science, 1996.

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Takao, Kumazawa, Kruger Lawrence, and Mizumura Kazue, eds. The polymodal receptor: A gateway to pathological pain. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Spinal cord Locomotion"

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Burke, Robert E., and J. W. Fleshman. "Strategies to Identify Interneurons Involved in Locomotor Pattern Generation in the Mammalian Spinal Cord." In Neurobiology of Vertebrate Locomotion, 245–67. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09148-5_17.

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Buchanan, James T. "Premotor Interneurons in the Lamprey Spinal Cord: Morphology, Synaptic Interactions and Activities during Fictive Swimming." In Neurobiology of Vertebrate Locomotion, 321–33. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09148-5_21.

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Shevtsova, Natalia A., Khaldoun Hamade, Samit Chakrabarty, Sergey N. Markin, Boris I. Prilutsky, and Ilya A. Rybak. "Modeling the Organization of Spinal Cord Neural Circuits Controlling Two-Joint Muscles." In Neuromechanical Modeling of Posture and Locomotion, 121–62. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3267-2_5.

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Grillner, Sten. "The Effect of L-DOPA on the Spinal Cord — Relation to Locomotion and the Half Center Hypothesis." In Neurobiology of Vertebrate Locomotion, 269–77. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09148-5_18.

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Alam, Monzurul, and Jufang He. "Cortically Controlled Electrical Stimulation for Locomotion of the Spinal Cord Injured." In Converging Clinical and Engineering Research on Neurorehabilitation, 35–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34546-3_6.

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Ogata, Toru, Noritaka Kawashima, Kimitaka Nakazawa, and Masami Akai. "Reconstruction and Tuning of Neural Circuits for Locomotion After Spinal Cord Injury." In Clinical Systems Neuroscience, 139–48. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55037-2_8.

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Wild, Klaus, and G. A. Brunelli. "Restoration of locomotion in paraplegics with aid of autologous bypass grafts for direct neurotisation of muscles by upper motor neurons — the future: surgery of the spinal cord?" In Neurosurgical Re-Engineering of the Damaged Brain and Spinal Cord, 107–12. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6081-7_23.

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Frigon, Alain, Yann Thibaudier, Marie-France Hurteau, Alessandro Telonio, Charline Dambreville, and Victoria Kuczynski. "The Control of Interlimb Coordination during Left-Right and Transverse Split-Belt Locomotion in Intact and Spinal Cord-Injured Cats." In Biosystems & Biorobotics, 29–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08072-7_7.

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Bouyer, Laurent, and Serge Rossignol. "Spinal Cord Plasticity Associated with Locomotor Compensation to Peripheral Nerve Lesions in the Cat." In Spinal Cord Plasticity, 207–24. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1437-4_9.

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Cazalets, Jean-René. "Organization of the Spinal Locomotor Network in Neonatal Rat." In Neurobiology of Spinal Cord Injury, 89–111. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-200-5_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Spinal cord Locomotion"

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Gad, Parag, Jonathan Woodbridge, Igor Lavrov, Yury Gerasimenko, Hui Zhong, Roland R. Roy, Majid Sarrafzadeh, and V. Reggie Edgerton. "Using Forelimb EMG to Control an Electronic Spinal Bridge to Facilitate Hindlimb Stepping After Complete Spinal Cord Lesion." In ASME 2011 6th Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/biomed2011-66037.

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A complete spinal cord transection results in loss of all supraspinal motor control below the level of the injury. The neural circuitry in the lumbosacral spinal cord, however, can generate locomotor patterns in the hindlimbs of rats and cats with the aid of epidural stimulation and administration of serotoninergic agonists. We hypothesized that there are patterns of EMG signals from the forelimbs during quadrupedal locomotion that uniquely represent a signal for the “intent” to step with the hindlimbs. These observations led us to determine whether “indirect” volitional control of stepping can be restored after a complete spinal cord injury. We developed an electronic bridge that can trigger specific patterns of EMG activity from the forelimbs to enable quadrupedal stepping after a complete spinal cord transection in rats. We found dominant frequencies of 180–220 Hz in the EMG of forelimb muscles during active periods, whereas the frequencies were between 0–10 Hz when the muscles were inactive. A moving window detection algorithm was implemented in a small microprocessor to detect bilateral activity in the biceps brachii that then was used to initiate and terminate epidural stimulation. This detection algorithm was successful in detecting stepping under different pharmacological conditions and at various treadmill speeds and in facilitating quadrupedal stepping after a complete mid-thoracic spinal cord transection.
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Anderson, I., E. Parkinson, B. Scroggins, J. B. Walker, and M. Morse. "FES for joint stabilization during stance phase of locomotion in spinal cord injured." In Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1988.94708.

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Granat, M. H., A. C. Smith, G. F. Phillips, C. A. Kirkwood, R. W. Barnett, and B. J. Andrews. "Characterization of the electrically excited flexion withdrawal response used in restoration of locomotion in spinal cord injured paraplegics." In Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1988.94897.

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Wang, Ping, K. H. Low, and Adela Tow. "Effects of body-weight support locomotion training (BWSLT) on EMG activation in healthy and spinal cord injury (SCI) subjects." In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/robio.2010.5723339.

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Sullivan, Sarah R., Noshir A. Langrana, and Sue Ann Sisto. "Multibody Computational Biomechanical Model of the Upper Body." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84809.

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In the United States alone, more than 10,000 spinal cord injuries (SCI) are reported each year. This population depends upon their upper limbs to provide a means of locomotion during completion of their activities of daily living. As a result of greater than normal usage of the upper limbs, proper propulsion mechanics are paramount in preventing injuries. Upper limb pain and pathology is common among manual wheelchair users due to the requirements placed on the arms for wheelchair locomotion. During the wheelchair rehabilitation process following an SCI, an individual is prescribed a wheelchair (WC). The use of a patient-specific computational biomechanical model of WC propulsion may help guide rehabilitation that may improve clinical instruction and patient performance. The overall goal of this study is to develop and refine a computational model that may aide in minimizing shoulder pathology.
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Uchida, Hiroaki, Kenzo Nonami, Yoshihiko Iguchi, Huang Qing Jiu, and Takaaki Yanai. "Partial Model Based Walking Control of Quadruped Locomotion Robot With Self Renovation Control Function." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/movic-8432.

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Abstract It is considered that locomotion robots are aggressive under the circumstances where human hardly work, for example, in the nuclear power plant, in the bottom of the sea and on a planet. The injury and the fault of the robot might occur frequently under those circumstances. It is very important problem that the robot can realize the walking with the fault. This is very difficult problem for biped and quadruped robot to realize a stable walking in the case that actuator or sensor is broken. And, in walking of mammal, gait pattern is generated by neural oscillator existing in the spinal cord. In the case that a lower neural system is injured, mammal realize a walking by a higher neural system. Thus, mammal has a self renovation function. In this study, in order to realize the stable walking of the quadruped robot with fault, we discuss the control method with self renovation function for the fault of the decentralized controller and the angular sensor. First, we design the centralized controller of one leg by sliding mode control for the fault of decentralized controller. Second, Sky Hook Suspension Control is applied for the fault of the angular sensor. The proposed methods are verified by 3D simulations by CAD and experiments.
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Thapa, Saroj, Hao Zheng, Geza F. Kogler, and Xiangrong Shen. "A Robotic Knee Orthosis for Sit-to-Stand Assistance." In ASME 2016 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2016-9891.

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Nowadays a large number of individuals suffer from lower-limb weaknesses caused by multiple reasons, such as the gradual degeneration of musculoskeletal structure in elderly population, and the pathological losses of neuromuscular functions in stroke and spinal cord injury patients. In this paper, the design and control of a new robotic knee orthosis is presented, with the objective of assisting the user’s locomotion (primarily sit-to-stand motion) by applying an assistive torque on the knee, the largest joint in the human body. The orthosis consists of an orthosis shell and an actuation unit. The former functions as the user interface that transfers the assistive torque to the human body, while the latter generates the desired assistive torque with a motor-ball screw assembly. Through detailed design calculation, it has been demonstrated that the actuated orthotic joint is able to provide 20% of the required knee torque in the sit-to-stand motion. A controller for the robotic orthosis has also been developed by studying and emulating the knee biomechanics in the sit-to-stand motion. Benchtop testing conducted on a surrogate limb system demonstrated that the joint motion powered by the robotic orthosis is stable, smooth, and similar to the biological knee motion in the human sit-to-stand motion.
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Patel, Harsh, Wing Kin Chung, Vimal Viswanathan, and Sohail Zaidi. "Design and Testing of a Physical Therapy Device Controlled With Voice Commands." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23887.

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Abstract The world population is aging. Age-related disorders such as stroke and spinal cord injury are increasing rapidly, and such patients often suffer from mobility impairments. Wearable robotic exoskeletons are developed that serve as rehabilitation devices for these patients. An assistive knee brace is a simple wearable exoskeleton which is used to help people with mobility issues. This device provides partial assistance to the user and also helps in providing locomotion. Many exoskeletons are currently available in the market that have different functions and use. It is believed that, to date, no voice-controlled knee brace exists in an orthotic application, and that this project debuts a unique approach. This project presents the design of an assistive bionic knee joint with a motor-based actuator. The new exoskeletal mechanism uses the serial elastic actuator concept and mainly consists of a stepper motor, a ball screw, a set of spur gears, and a set of linear springs. The ball screw provides a linear movement to mimic the stretching and retracting action of a human knee. To create a proof-of-concept of the design, 3D printing is used. A voice recognition system has been developed in-house to control the exoskeleton using very simple voice commands. The motor is controlled using a motor driver and powered using an external power source. The 3D printed prototype with integrated voice-control module is tested for its essential functions. The test setup is loaded on the leg of a mannequin and tested under both no-load and full-load operation. The concept is proven to be successful in providing assistance to the human knee. However, the 3D printed material is observed to be bending, causing disruptions in the device’s operation. The reaction times are expected to be significantly larger compared to the theoretically calculated values.
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Cheng, Y. T., S. L. Ness, S. H. Hu, J. Raikin, L. D. Pan, T. Wang, D. G. Ouzounov, et al. "In-Vivo Three-Photon Excited Fluorescence Imaging in the Spinal Cord of Awake, Locomoting Mouse." In Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2016.jth2a.183.

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Mirbagheri, M. M., X. Niu, D. Varoqui, and M. Kindig. "Prediction of gait recovery as a tool to rationalize locomotor training in spinal cord injury." In 2012 4th IEEE RAS & EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/biorob.2012.6290707.

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Reports on the topic "Spinal cord Locomotion"

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Guertin, Pierre, and Mario Vaillancourt. Tritherapy (Spinalon)-Elicited Spinal Locomotor Network Activation: Phase I-IIa Clinical Trial in Spinal Cord-Injured Patients. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada617388.

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Gorman, Peter, Paula Geigle, and Keith Tansey. A Comparison of Robotic, Body Weight-Supported Locomotor Training and Aquatic Therapy in Chronic Motor Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury Subject. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada570537.

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Gorman, Peter, and Paula Geigle. A Comparison of Robotic, Body Weight-Supported Locomotor Training and Aquatic Therapy in Chronic Motor Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury Subject. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada594822.

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