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Journal articles on the topic 'Spinal cord Sex role'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Nejat, Farideh, Farid Radmanesh, Saeed Ansari, Parvin Tajik, Abdolmohammad Kajbafzadeh, and Mostafa El Khashab. "Spina bifida occulta: is it a predictor of underlying spinal cord abnormality in patients with lower urinary tract dysfunction?" Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 1, no. 2 (2008): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/ped/2008/1/2/114.

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Object The purpose of this study was to evaluate the importance of spina bifida occulta in radiographs of children with lower urinary tract or bowel dysfunction. Methods The authors prospectively investigated the presence of spinal cord abnormalities in 176 patients with functional urinary and bowel problems: 88 children with radiographic evidence of spina bifida occulta (SBO) and 88 age-and sex-matched controls. Each group included 46 boys and 42 girls (age range 5–14 years). Nocturnal enuresis, isolated diurnal enuresis, enuresis during both day and night, urinary tract infection, urinary fr

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Fernández-López, Blanca, Natividad Pereiro, Anunciación Lafuente, María Celina Rodicio, and Antón Barreiro-Iglesias. "Data on the Quantification of Aspartate, GABA and Glutamine Levels in the Spinal Cord of Larval Sea Lampreys after a Complete Spinal Cord Injury." Data 6, no. 6 (2021): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data6060054.

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We used high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods to quantify aspartate, GABA, and glutamine levels in the spinal cord of larval sea lampreys following a complete spinal cord injury. Mature larval sea lampreys recover spontaneously from a complete spinal cord transection and the changes in neurotransmitter systems after spinal cord injury might be related to their amazing regenerative capabilities. The data presented here show the concentration of the aminoacidergic neurotransmitters GABA (and its precursor glutamine) and aspartate in the spinal cord of control (non-injured) and 2-

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Saxena, Sangeeta, Dharmraj Meena, Harsh Khokar, and Aditya Ganeriwala. "Diagnostic and prognostic role of magnetic resonance imaging in spinal trauma, and correlation with clinical profile." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, no. 7 (2018): 2275. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20182444.

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Background: Trauma is a common and devastating insult to the spine and spinal cord with important long-term sequelae for the individual. Diagnostic imaging, particularly Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), plays a crucial role in evaluating and detecting spinal trauma. MRI is not only a diagnostic tool in spinal trauma but also a prognostic predictor. It is possible to predict the neurological outcome of the patients with different cord abnormalities. The objective of this study is to enumerate the cord findings in MRI in patients with spinal trauma and to correlate the findings with clinical pr

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Leung, Victoria, Jeffery Pugh, and Jonathan A. Norton. "Utility of neurophysiology in the diagnosis of tethered cord syndrome." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 15, no. 4 (2015): 434–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.10.peds1434.

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OBJECT The diagnosis of tethered cord syndrome (TCS) remains difficult, and the decision to operate is even more complex. The objective of this study was to examine how detailed examination of neurophysiological test results can affect the diagnosis for patients undergoing a surgical cord release. METHODS Patients undergoing tethered spinal cord releases were matched by age and sex with control patients undergoing scoliosis correction in the absence of spinal cord pathology. The latency and width of the P37 peak of the posterior tibial nerve somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) and the motor

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Tator, C. H., E. G. Duncan, V. E. Edmonds, L. I. Lapczak, and D. F. Andrews. "Comparison of Surgical and Conservative Management in 208 Patients with Acute Spinal Cord Injury." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 14, S1 (1987): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100026858.

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ABSTRACT:The role of surgery in the management of acute spinal cord or cauda equina injuries remains controversial. The present study analyzed ten admission features and three outcome variables in 208 patients treated in an Acute Spinal Cord Injury Unit, 116 (56%) of whom underwent at least one spinal operation. The surgical and non-surgical groups showed no significant differences in the following seven clinical features: age, sex, distance travelled to the Unit, time interval between trauma and admission, type of accident, severity of injuries to the spinal cord, and severity of associated i

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Al-Holou, Wajd N., Karin M. Muraszko, Hugh J. Garton, Steven R. Buchman, and Cormac O. Maher. "The outcome of tethered cord release in secondary and multiple repeat tethered cord syndrome." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 4, no. 1 (2009): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.2.peds08339.

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Object After primary repair of a myelomeningocele or a lipomyelomeningocele, patients can present with symptoms of secondary tethered cord syndrome (TCS). After surgical untethering, a small percentage of these patients can present with multiple repeat TCS. In patients presenting with secondary or multiple repeat TCS, the role as well the expected outcomes of surgical untethering are not well defined. Methods Eighty-four patients who underwent spinal cord untethering after at least 1 primary repair were retrospectively evaluated using scaled and subjective outcome measures at short-term and lo

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Loyd, Dayna R., and Anne Z. Murphy. "The Role of the Periaqueductal Gray in the Modulation of Pain in Males and Females: Are the Anatomy and Physiology Really that Different?" Neural Plasticity 2009 (2009): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/462879.

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Anatomical and physiological studies conducted in the 1960s identified the periaqueductal gray (PAG) and its descending projections to the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) and spinal cord dorsal horn, as a primary anatomical pathway mediating opioid-based analgesia. Since these initial studies, the PAG-RVM-spinal cord pathway has been characterized anatomically and physiologically in a wide range of vertebrate species. Remarkably, the majority of these studies were conducted exclusively in males with the implicit assumption that the anatomy and physiology of this circuit were the same in fem

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Shifman, M. I., and M. E. Selzer. "Expression of the Netrin Receptor UNC-5 in Lamprey Brain: Modulation by Spinal Cord Transection." Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 14, no. 1 (2000): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154596830001400106.

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The sea lamprey recovers from spinal cord transection by a process that involves directionally specific regeneration of axons. The mechanisms underlying this speci ficity are not known, but they may involve molecular cues similar to those that guide the growth of spinal cord axons during development, such as netrins and semaphorins. To test the role of guidance cues in regeneration, we cloned netrin and its receptor UNC-5 from lamprey central nervous system (CNS) and studied their expression after spinal cord transection. In situ hybridization showed that (1) mRNA for netrin is ex pressed in t

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Uta, Daisuke, Takumi Oti, Tatsuya Sakamoto, and Hirotaka Sakamoto. "In Vivo Electrophysiology of Peptidergic Neurons in Deep Layers of the Lumbar Spinal Cord after Optogenetic Stimulation of Hypothalamic Paraventricular Oxytocin Neurons in Rats." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 7 (2021): 3400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073400.

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The spinal ejaculation generator (SEG) is located in the central gray (lamina X) of the rat lumbar spinal cord and plays a pivotal role in the ejaculatory reflex. We recently reported that SEG neurons express the oxytocin receptor and are activated by oxytocin projections from the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVH). However, it is unknown whether the SEG responds to oxytocin in vivo. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of the brain–spinal cord neural circuit that controls male sexual function using a newly developed in vivo electrophysiological technique. Optogenetic stim

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Severino, Amie L., Rong Chen, Kenichiro Hayashida, et al. "Plasticity and Function of Spinal Oxytocin and Vasopressin Signaling during Recovery from Surgery with Nerve Injury." Anesthesiology 129, no. 3 (2018): 544–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000002290.

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Abstract What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New Background Recovery from pain after surgery is faster after cesarean delivery than after other abdominal procedures. The authors hypothesized that recovery in rats after surgery could be reversed by antagonism of spinal oxytocin or vasopressin receptors, that there may be a sex difference, and that spinal oxytocin innervation could change after surgery. Methods Male and female rats underwent partial spinal nerve ligation surgery. Effects of nonselective and selective oxytocin and vasopressin 1A receptor antag

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Gorgey, Ashraf S., Areej N. Ennasr, Gary J. Farkas, and David R. Gater. "Anthropometric Prediction of Visceral Adiposity in Persons With Spinal Cord Injury." Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation 27, no. 1 (2021): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.46292/sci20-00055.

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Over two-thirds of persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) experience neurogenic obesity-induced cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) and other chronic comorbidities. Obesity is likely to impede social and recreational activities, impact quality of life, and impose additional socioeconomic burdens on persons with SCI. Advances in imaging technology facilitate the mapping of adiposity and its association with the cardiometabolic profile after SCI. Central adiposity or central obesity is characterized by increased waist (WC) and abdominal circumferences (AC) as well as visceral adipose tissue (VAT). A n

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Seddon, Merilyn, Narelle Warren, and Peter W. New. "‘I don’t get a climax any more at all’: Pleasure and non-traumatic spinal cord damage." Sexualities 21, no. 3 (2017): 287–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363460716688681.

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Women typically report reduced participation in sex and satisfaction with their sexuality following Spinal Cord injuries (SCI) due to changes in sensation and physical functioning. Psychosocial factors are also important but, despite significant differences in the patterning and impact of SCIs by aetiology, these have not been explored in the context of Spinal Cord Damage (SCD, non-traumatic SCI). This article seeks to gain insight into the experience of sexual pleasure for women. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 women (mean age 67.8 years) who had experienced SCD. Sexuality a

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Mandadi, Sravan, Peter Hong, Arjun Sunny Dhoopar, and Patrick Whelan. "Control of Neonatal Spinal Networks by Nociceptors: A Potential Role for TRP Channel Based Therapies." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 16, no. 2 (2013): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/j3w02s.

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Pediatric spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to increased nociceptive input resulting in aberrant motor output like tremor and spasticity. Acute plasticity within spinal pain and motor networks following pediatric SCI may result in long-term sensorimotor disabilities. Despite this, pediatric SCI remains poorly understood. Part of the problem lies in the paucity of detailed studies aimed at defining sensorimotor control by nociceptors during development. This review provides an overview of work that highlights afferent control of sensorimotor networks by defined nociceptors in the developing

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Craig, Ashley, Nirupama Wijesuriya, and Yvonne Tran. "The Influence of Self-Efficacy on Mood States in People with Spinal Cord Injury." ISRN Rehabilitation 2013 (March 6, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/232978.

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Objective. Negative mood is prevalent in people with a neurological injury such as spinal cord injury (SCI). However, research is needed for determining those people with SCI who are vulnerable to negative mood states, as well as establishing the influence of self-efficacy, that is, expectations of their control over their lives. The objective of this research was to investigate the protective role that self-efficacy may play in adult people with SCI compared to able-bodied controls. Methods. Participants included 41 adults with SCI living in the community and 41 able-bodied controls similar i

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Wagner, Wolfgang, Lydia Peghini-Halbig, Johannes C. Mäurer, and Axel Perneczky. "Intraoperative SEP monitoring in neurosurgery around the brain stem and cervical spinal cord: differential recording of subcortical components." Journal of Neurosurgery 81, no. 2 (1994): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1994.81.2.0213.

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✓ The results of intraoperative monitoring of median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP's) were evaluated in 75 neurosurgical patients in order to assess the role of differential derivation of brain stem (P14) and spinal cord (N13) wave activity. These components were compared with the conventionally recorded neck potential (“N13”) that reflects overlap of P14 and N13. The spinal cord N13 wave was recorded from the posterior to anterior lower aspect of the neck and the brain stem P14 wave from the midfrontal scalp to the nasopharynx; both derivations enabled isolated low-artifact recor

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Torregrosa-Ruiz, Manuela, María-Ángeles Molpeceres-Pastor, and Jose-Manuel Tomás-Miguel. "Relaciones entre sexismo e ideología de género con autoconcepto y autoestima en personas con Lesión Medular." Anales de Psicología 33, no. 2 (2017): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.33.2.232371.

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The process of adapting to a physical disability is complex and multi-dimensional. It is influenced by many variables that affect adequate life adjustment and psychological wellbeing. This study addresses the specific effects of sexism and gender stereotypes on self-esteem and self-concept in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). The research design is cross-sectional and correlational. The sample comprises 127 persons, including 95 men and 32 women, with a long-term spinal injury. The results of the MANOVAs do not demonstrate statistically significant differences based on sex for the followi

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Filippatou, Angeliki, Thomas Shoemaker, Megan Esch, et al. "Spinal cord and infratentorial lesions in radiologically isolated syndrome are associated with decreased retinal ganglion cell/inner plexiform layer thickness." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 25, no. 14 (2018): 1878–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458518815597.

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Background: The role of retinal imaging with optical coherence tomography (OCT) in assessing individuals with radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) remains largely unexplored. Objective: To assess retinal layer thicknesses in RIS and examine their associations with clinical features suggestive of increased risk for conversion to multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: A total of 30 RIS subjects and 60 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) underwent retinal imaging with spectral-domain OCT, followed by automated segmentation of retinal layers. Results: Overall, retinal layer thicknesses did not

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Bartlett, Rachael, Vanessa Sluyter, Debbie Watson, Ronald Sluyter, and Justin J. Yerbury. "P2X7 antagonism using Brilliant Blue G reduces body weight loss and prolongs survival in female SOD1G93Aamyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice." PeerJ 5 (March 1, 2017): e3064. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3064.

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BackgroundAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease characterised by the accumulation of aggregated proteins, microglia activation and motor neuron loss. The mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration and disease progression in ALS are unknown, but the ATP-gated P2X7 receptor channel is implicated in this disease. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine P2X7 in the context of neurodegeneration, and investigate whether the P2X7 antagonist, Brilliant Blue G (BBG), could alter disease progression in a murine model of ALS.MethodsHuman SOD1G93Atransge

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Kumar, Krishna, Gary Hunter, and Denny Demeria. "Spinal Cord Stimulation in Treatment of Chronic Benign Pain: Challenges in Treatment Planning and Present Status, a 22-Year Experience." Neurosurgery 58, no. 3 (2006): 481–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000192162.99567.96.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE: To present an in-depth analysis of clinical predictors of outcome including age, sex, etiology of pain, type of electrodes used, duration of pain, duration of treatment, development of tolerance, employment status, activities of daily living, psychological status, and quality of life. Suggestions for treatment of low back pain with a predominant axial component are addressed. We analyzed the complications and proposed remedial measures to improve the effectiveness of this modality. METHODS: Study group consists of 410 patients (252 men, 58 women) with a mean age of 54 years

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González-Orozco, Juan Carlos, Aylin Del Moral-Morales, and Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo. "Progesterone through Progesterone Receptor B Isoform Promotes Rodent Embryonic Oligodendrogenesis." Cells 9, no. 4 (2020): 960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9040960.

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Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS). These cells arise during the embryonic development by the specification of the neural stem cells to oligodendroglial progenitor cells (OPC); newly formed OPC proliferate, migrate, differentiate, and mature to myelinating oligodendrocytes in the perinatal period. It is known that progesterone promotes the proliferation and differentiation of OPC in early postnatal life through the activation of the intracellular progesterone receptor (PR). Progesterone supports nerve myelination after spinal cord injury in adults. H

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Kowalski, Jesse, Nguyen Nguyen, Ricardo Battaglino, Scott Falci, Susan Charlie, and Leslie Morse. "69742 miR-338-5p as a Biomarker of Neuropathic Pain After Spinal Cord Injury." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 5, s1 (2021): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2021.632.

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ABSTRACT IMPACT: Identification of microRNA (miRNA) associated with neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury (SCI) will elucidate underlying epigenetic mechanisms contributing to its development and identify targets for intervention to optimize treatment strategies and outcomes. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Approximately 70% of individuals with SCI experience neuropathic pain, which is refractory to pharmacologic intervention, and can reduce overall health and wellbeing. This study aims to identify predictive miRNA biomarkers of neuropathic pain after SCI to identify targets for the development of effic

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Saadi, Altaf, Emily A. Ferenczi, and Haatem Reda. "Spinal Decompression Sickness in an Experienced Scuba Diver: A Case Report and Review of Literature." Neurohospitalist 9, no. 4 (2019): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941874419828895.

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Decompression sickness from diving is a rare but potentially reversible cause of spinal injury. Early treatment with hyperbaric oxygen is associated with a better neurologic outcome, making prompt recognition and management clinically important. We describe a case of a 65-year-old diver who presented with thoracic back pain and bilateral leg weakness after a 70 feet of sea water (fsw) (21 meters of sea water [msw]) dive, with no acute abnormality on spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). He made a partial recovery after extended hyperbaric oxygen therapy. We discuss the epidemiology and path

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Ji, Ru-Rong, Andrea Nackley, Yul Huh, Niccolò Terrando, and William Maixner. "Neuroinflammation and Central Sensitization in Chronic and Widespread Pain." Anesthesiology 129, no. 2 (2018): 343–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000002130.

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Abstract Chronic pain is maintained in part by central sensitization, a phenomenon of synaptic plasticity, and increased neuronal responsiveness in central pain pathways after painful insults. Accumulating evidence suggests that central sensitization is also driven by neuroinflammation in the peripheral and central nervous system. A characteristic feature of neuroinflammation is the activation of glial cells, such as microglia and astrocytes, in the spinal cord and brain, leading to the release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Recent studies suggest that central cytokines and chemo

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Verma, Kavita, Satya Raj Negi, and Sanjay Garhwal. "To study histopathological features, GFAP staining and Ki 67/ MIB-1 labelling index in diagnoses and histological grading of gliomas." Indian Journal of Forensic and Community Medicine 8, no. 2 (2021): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfcm.2021.023.

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: A group of tumors that develops in the brain and spinal cord is called glioma. Histologically gliomas are classified into astrocytoma, ependymoma, oligodendroglioma, brain stem glioma and oligoastrocytoma. The present study was conducted to study histological grading of gliomas and correlate it with patient’s age, sex, GFAP staining, role of the Ki-67/MIB-1 labelling indices (PIs). The present retrospective study was conducted on 50 biopsies received. All specimens were subjected to immunohistochemistory for GFAP and MIB-1 and correlated with WHO grading for glioma.: High incidence of glial

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Cloney, Michael Brendan, Andy C. Smith, Kenneth Weber, et al. "356 Quantitative Magnetization Transfer MRI Measurements of the Anterior Spinal Cord Region are Associated with Clinical Outcomes in Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy." Neurosurgery 64, CN_suppl_1 (2017): 281–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyx417.356.

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Abstract INTRODUCTION Magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) is a quantitative measure that correlates with myelin loss and neural tissue destruction in a variety of neurological diseases. For example, in patients with multiple sclerosis, MTR of white matter lesions may predict clinical disability. However, the usefulness of MTR in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) has not been examined. METHODS We prospectively enrolled seven CSM patients and seven age-matched controls to undergo MRI imaging of the cervical spine. Nurick, Neck Disability Index (NDI), and modified Japanese Orthop

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Oughourlian, Talia C., Chencai Wang, Noriko Salamon, Langston T. Holly, and Benjamin M. Ellingson. "Sex-Dependent Cortical Volume Changes in Patients with Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 17 (2021): 3965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10173965.

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Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a progressive condition characterized by degeneration of osseocartilaginous structures within the cervical spine resulting in compression of the spinal cord and presentation of clinical symptoms. Compared to healthy controls (HCs), studies have shown DCM patients experience structural and functional reorganization in the brain; however, sex-dependent cortical differences in DCM patients remains largely unexplored. In the present study, we investigate the role of sex differences on the structure of the cerebral cortex in DCM and determine how structural

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van Dongen, Jenny, Scott D. Gordon, Veronika V. Odintsova, et al. "Examining the Vanishing Twin Hypothesis of Neural Tube Defects: Application of an Epigenetic Predictor for Monozygotic Twinning." Twin Research and Human Genetics 24, no. 3 (2021): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2021.25.

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AbstractStrong associations between neural tube defects (NTDs) and monozygotic (MZ) twinning have long been noted, and it has been suggested that NTD cases who do not present as MZ twins may be the survivors of MZ twinning events. We have recently shown that MZ twins carry a strong, distinctive DNA methylation signature and have developed an algorithm based on genomewide DNA methylation array data that distinguishes MZ twins from dizygotic twins and other relatives at well above chance level. We have applied this algorithm to published methylation data from five fetal tissues (placental chorio

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Weber, Lene, Nanna Hoffgaard Voldsgaard, Nicolaj Jersild Holm, Lone Helle Schou, Fin Biering-Sørensen, and Tom Møller. "Exploring the contextual transition from spinal cord injury rehabilitation to the home environment: a qualitative study." Spinal Cord 59, no. 3 (2021): 336–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41393-020-00608-y.

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Abstract Study design Explorative qualitative study based on an interpretative phenomenological approach. Objectives This study explored the possibility of transferring knowledge and skills from a spinal cord injury (SCI) unit to the home environment; the individual and structural factors that potentially influenced this transfer; and its compatibility with a meaningful everyday life. Setting Hospital-based rehabilitation unit and community in Denmark. Methods Fourteen individuals with SCI were selected with maximum variation according to age, sex, marital status, and level of injury. In-depth

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Shahrokhi, Nader, Mohammad Khaksari, Zahra Soltani, Mehdi Mahmoodi, and Nouzar Nakhaee. "Effect of sex steroid hormones on brain edema, intracranial pressure, and neurologic outcomes after traumatic brain injury." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 88, no. 4 (2010): 414–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y09-126.

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Recent studies have reported that estrogen and progesterone have a neuroprotective effect after traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, the mechanism(s) for this effect have not yet been elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of sex steroid hormones on changes in brain edema, intracranial pressure (ICP), and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) after TBI in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. In this study, 50 female rats were divided into 5 groups: control (intact), sham, and 3 TBI groups consisting of vehicle, estrogen (1 mg/kg), and progesterone (8 mg/kg). TBI was induced b

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Taylor, Bruce V., Robyn M. Lucas, Keith Dear, et al. "Latitudinal variation in incidence and type of first central nervous system demyelinating events." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 16, no. 4 (2010): 398–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458509359724.

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Increasing prevalence and variable geographic patterns of occurrence of multiple sclerosis suggest an environmental role in causation. There are few descriptive, population-level, data on whether such variability applies to first demyelinating events (FDEs). We recruited 216 adults (18—59 years), with a FDE between 1 November 2003 and 31 December 2006 in a multi-center incident case-control study in four locations on the south-eastern and eastern seaboard of Australia, spanning latitudes 27° south to 43° south. Population denominators were obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics cens

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Piran, Siavash, and Sam Schulman. "Incidence and Risk Factors for Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury: A Retrospective Study." Blood 128, no. 22 (2016): 1440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.1440.1440.

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Abstract Introduction: The true incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with acute spinal cord injury (SCI) is unclear. The management of thromboprophylaxis varies among clinicians and is challenging due to the balance against bleeding. There is limited data on the risk factors associated with VTE in patients with an acute SCI. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of consecutive adult patients with acute traumatic or non-traumatic SCI presenting within 1 week of injury from 2009 to 2015. We excluded patients who were already on therapeutic oral anticoagulation, thos

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Zhou, Han, Yikun Li, Ying Gu, Zetian Shen, Xixu Zhu, and Yun Ge. "A deep learning based automatic segmentation approach for anatomical structures in intensity modulation radiotherapy." Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 18, no. 6 (2021): 7506–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2021371.

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<abstract> <sec><title>Objective</title><p>To evaluate the automatic segmentation approach for organ at risk (OARs) and compare the parameters of dose volume histogram (DVH) in radiotherapy. Methodology: Thirty-three patients were selected to contour OARs using automatic segmentation approach which based on U-Net, applying them to a number of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), breast, and rectal cancer respectively. The automatic contours were transferred to the Pinnacle System to evaluate contour accuracy and compare the DVH parameters.</p> </sec> &l

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Izzo, R., A. A. Diano, F. Lacquaniti, F. Zeccolini, and M. Muto. "Biomechanics of the Spine II." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 18, no. 5-6 (2005): 592–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140090501800511.

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Spine biomechanics represents a traditional area of research by orthopaedists, neurosurgeons, bioengineers and physicists. Working in an emergency setting and managing spinal traumas every day we began a study on extended literature devoted to biomechanics of the spine, to see beyond the usual static evaluation of neuroimaging patterns. After our earlier paper on biomechanics of the spine16, we have reviewed and broadened some topics such as the role of the ligaments and introduced the main mechanisms of primary spinal traumas and deformations. The spine is a multiarticular complex structure c

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Ginter, Geoffrey, Abdulghani Sankari, Mehdi Eshraghi, et al. "Effect of acetazolamide on susceptibility to central sleep apnea in chronic spinal cord injury." Journal of Applied Physiology 128, no. 4 (2020): 960–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00532.2019.

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Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an established risk factor for central sleep apnea. Acetazolamide (ACZ), a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, has been shown to decrease the frequency of central apnea by inducing mild metabolic acidosis. We hypothesized that ACZ would decrease the propensity to develop hypocapnic central apnea and decrease the apneic threshold. We randomized 16 participants with sleep-disordered breathing (8 SCI and 8 able-bodied controls) to receive ACZ (500 mg twice a day for 3 days) or placebo with a 1-wk washout before crossing over to the other drug arm. Study nights included polys

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Foongchomcheay, Anchalee, Aitthanatt Chachris Eitivipart, Jiraporn Kespichayawattana, and Monticha Muangngoen. "Quality of life after spinal cord injury in Thai individuals: A mixed-methods study." Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal 39, no. 01 (2019): 35–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1013702519500045.

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Background: Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) face various health-related difficulties. Physical limitations and health-related complications in individuals with SCI can lead to activity restrictions and lowering their quality of life (QoL). It is important to assess the QoL in population with SCI to gain more valuable insights into aspects of health-related QoL (HRQoL) that could play a key role in improving care for persons with SCI.Objective: To quantitatively measure the QoL in persons with SCI in Thailand and expand the results through qualitative investigation to provide meaning, co

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Lin, Qing, Jiri Palec̆ek, Veronika Palec̆ková, et al. "Nitric Oxide Mediates the Central Sensitization of Primate Spinothalamic Tract Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 81, no. 3 (1999): 1075–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.81.3.1075.

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Nitric oxide mediates the central sensitization of primate spinothalamic tract neurons. Nitric oxide (NO) has been proposed to contribute to the development of hyperalgesia by activating the NO/guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) signal transduction pathway in the spinal cord. We have examined the effects of NO on the responses of primate spinothalamic tract (STT) neurons to peripheral cutaneous stimuli and on the sensitization of STT cells following intradermal injection of capsaicin. The NO level within the spinal dorsal horn was increased by microdialysis of a NO donor, 3-morpholino

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Vinutha, S. P., V. Suresh, and R. Shubha. "Discriminant Function Analysis of Foramen Magnum Variables in South Indian Population: A Study of Computerised Tomographic Images." Anatomy Research International 2018 (September 26, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2056291.

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Background and Objectives. The foramen magnum as a transition area between skull and spine plays an important role as a landmark, because of its close relationship to vital structures such as the brain and spinal cord. Configuration and size of the foramen magnum play an important role for assessing craniovertebral relations. The objectives of the present study are to find out shape and dimensions of foramen magnum in cranial CT scans. All the variables were evaluated by using discriminant function analysis. Materials and Methods. The study sample comprised 200 CT scans (110 males and 90 femal

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Hodge, Charles J., A. Vania Apkarian, and Richard T. Stevens. "Inhibition of dorsal-horn cell responses by stimulation of the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus." Journal of Neurosurgery 65, no. 6 (1986): 825–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1986.65.6.0825.

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✓ The Kölliker-Fuse nucleus (KF) in the dorsolateral pons has been shown to be the major source of catecholamine innervation of the spinal cord. This has important implications in terms of pain control mechanisms, since catecholamine-mediated mechanisms are essential for the expression of opiate and other varieties of antinociception. This study examines the effects of KF stimulation on responses of dorsal-horn cells to innocuous and noxious cutaneous stimuli in anesthetized cats. Stimulation of the KF potently inhibits the responses of dorsal-horn cells to both noxious and innocuous stimuli.

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Caslin, Blaine, Cole Maguire, Aditi Karmakar, Kailey Mohler, Dennis Wylie, and Esther Melamed. "Alcohol shifts gut microbial networks and ameliorates a murine model of neuroinflammation in a sex-specific pattern." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 51 (2019): 25808–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1912359116.

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Alcohol is a widely consumed dietary component by patients with autoimmune neuroinflammatory diseases, but current evidence on the effects of alcohol in these conditions is confounding. Epidemiological studies suggest moderate consumption of alcohol may be protective in some autoimmune diseases; however, this correlation has not been directly investigated. Here, we characterize the effects of moderate-dose alcohol in a model system of autoimmune neuroinflammation, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Male and female C57BL/6J mice were fed a 2.6% alcohol or isocaloric diet for 3 wk

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Vafaee-Shahi, Mohammad, Roghayeh Saeedi, Neda Pak, Aina Riahi, and Saeide Ghasemi. "Snake Eye Appearance; A Rare Radiology Presentation in Acute Flaccid Paralysis: A Case Report." Open Neurology Journal 15, no. 1 (2021): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874205x02115010043.

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Background: Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) is defined by the acute onset of weakness or paralysis with reduced muscle tone in children. There are many non-infectious and infectious causes. Snake eye appearance (SEA) is a rare radiologic appearance and helps narrow down differential diagnoses in flaccid paralysis. Case Presentation: Here, we reported a 6 months-old girl who was admitted with sudden onset flaccid paralysis. She was lethargic and ill without any detectable deep tendon reflexes. She had a high fever that had started 3 days earlier with malaise, poor feeding and coryza. The first ch

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de Miguel, Ricardo, Javier Asín, Ana Rodríguez-Largo, et al. "Growth Performance and Clinicopathological Analyses in Lambs Repetitively Inoculated with Aluminum-Hydroxide Containing Vaccines or Aluminum-Hydroxide Only." Animals 11, no. 1 (2021): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010146.

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Aluminum (Al) hydroxide is an effective adjuvant used in sheep vaccines. However, Al-adjuvants have been implicated as potential contributors to a severe wasting syndrome in sheep—the so-called ovine autoimmune-inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA syndrome). This work aimed to characterize the effects of the repetitive injection of Al-hydroxide containing products in lambs. Four flocks (Flocks 1–4; n = 21 each) kept under different conditions were studied. Three groups of seven lambs (Vaccine, Adjuvant-only, and Control) were established in each flock. Mild differences in average d

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de Miguel, Ricardo, Javier Asín, Ana Rodríguez-Largo, et al. "Growth Performance and Clinicopathological Analyses in Lambs Repetitively Inoculated with Aluminum-Hydroxide Containing Vaccines or Aluminum-Hydroxide Only." Animals 11, no. 1 (2021): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010146.

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Aluminum (Al) hydroxide is an effective adjuvant used in sheep vaccines. However, Al-adjuvants have been implicated as potential contributors to a severe wasting syndrome in sheep—the so-called ovine autoimmune-inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA syndrome). This work aimed to characterize the effects of the repetitive injection of Al-hydroxide containing products in lambs. Four flocks (Flocks 1–4; n = 21 each) kept under different conditions were studied. Three groups of seven lambs (Vaccine, Adjuvant-only, and Control) were established in each flock. Mild differences in average d

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Onal, Yilmaz, and Cesur Samanci. "The Role of Diffusion-weighted Imaging in Patients with Gastric Wall Thickening." Current Medical Imaging Formerly Current Medical Imaging Reviews 15, no. 10 (2019): 965–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573405614666181115120109.

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Background: Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Aims: In the benign and malign gastric pathologies, we measured the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) value from the thickened section of the stomach wall. We assessed the diagnostic value of ADC and we wanted to see whether this value could be used to diagnose gastric pathologies. Study Design: This study has a prospective study design. Methods: A total of 90 patients, 27 with malign gastric pathologies 63 with benign gastric pathologies with Gastric Wall (GW) thickening in multidector CT, were evaluated by T

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Murray, Isabella, Gayatri Bhanot, and Aditi Bhargava. "Neuron-Glia-Immune Triad and Cortico-Limbic System in Pathology of Pain." Cells 10, no. 6 (2021): 1553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10061553.

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Pain is an unpleasant sensation that alerts one to the presence of obnoxious stimuli or sensations. These stimuli are transferred by sensory neurons to the dorsal root ganglia-spinal cord and finally to the brain. Glial cells in the peripheral nervous system, astrocytes in the brain, dorsal root ganglia, and immune cells all contribute to the development, maintenance, and resolution of pain. Both innate and adaptive immune responses modulate pain perception and behavior. Neutrophils, microglial, and T cell activation, essential components of the innate and adaptive immune responses, can play b

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Sarkar, Sanchoy, Anthony R. Hobson, Paul L. Furlong, Clifford J. Woolf, David G. Thompson, and Qasim Aziz. "Central neural mechanisms mediating human visceral hypersensitivity." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 281, no. 5 (2001): G1196—G1202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.2001.281.5.g1196.

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Although visceral hypersensitivity is thought to be important in generating symptoms in functional gastrointestinal disorders, the neural mechanisms involved are poorly understood. We recently showed that central sensitization (hyperexcitability of spinal cord sensory neurones) may play an important role. In this study, we demonstrate that after a 30-min infusion of 0.15 M HCl acid into the healthy human distal esophagus, we see a reduction in the pain threshold to electrical stimulation of the non-acid-exposed proximal esophagus (9.6 ± 2.4 mA) and a concurrent reduction in the latency of the

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DeKoker, Brenda. "Sex and the Spinal Cord." Scientific American 275, no. 6 (1996): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican1296-30a.

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Pascual-Mancho, Jara, Pilar Pintado-Recarte, Carlos Romero-Román, et al. "Influence of Cerebral Vasodilation on Blood Reelin Levels in Growth Restricted Fetuses." Diagnostics 11, no. 6 (2021): 1036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11061036.

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Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is one of the most important obstetric pathologies. It is frequently caused by placental insufficiency. Previous studies have shown a relationship between FGR and impaired new-born neurodevelopment, although the molecular mechanisms involved in this association have not yet been completely clarified. Reelin is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein involved in development of neocortex, hippocampus, cerebellum and spinal cord. Reelin has been demonstrated to play a key role in regulating perinatal neurodevelopment and to contribute to the emergence and development o

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Chen, Teng, Wen Wen Zhang, Yu-Xia Chu, and Yan-Qing Wang. "Acupuncture for Pain Management: Molecular Mechanisms of Action." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 48, no. 04 (2020): 793–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x20500408.

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Acupuncture reduces pain by activating specific areas called acupoints on the patient’s body. When these acupoints are fully activated, sensations of soreness, numbness, fullness, or heaviness called De qi or Te qi are felt by clinicians and patients. There are two kinds of acupuncture, manual acupuncture and electroacupuncture (EA). Compared with non-acupoints, acupoints are easily activated on the basis of their special composition of blood vessels, mast cells, and nerve fibers that mediate the acupuncture signals. In the spinal cord, EA can inhibit glial cell activation by down-regulating t

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Halmer, Ramona, Laura Davies, Yang Liu, Klaus Fassbender, and Silke Walter. "The Innate Immune Receptor CD14 Mediates Lymphocyte Migration in EAE." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 37, no. 1 (2015): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000430351.

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Background: Multiple sclerosis is the most common autoimmune disease of the central nervous system in young adults and histopathologically characterized by inflammation, demyelination and gliosis. It is considered as a CD4+ T cell-mediated disease, but also a disease-promoting role of the innate immune system has been proposed, based e.g. on the observation that innate immune receptors modulate disease severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Recent studies of our group provided first evidence for a key role of the innate immune LPS receptor (CD14) in pathophysiology of experimen

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Matsushita, Katsuyuki, Hidetoshi Tozaki-Saitoh, Chinami Kojima, et al. "Chemokine (C-C motif) Receptor 5 Is an Important Pathological Regulator in the Development and Maintenance of Neuropathic Pain." Anesthesiology 120, no. 6 (2014): 1491–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000000190.

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Abstract Background: The chemokine family has been revealed to be involved in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. In this study, the authors investigated the role of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 and its receptors chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 1 and chemokine (C-C motif) receptor (CCR) 5 in neuropathic pain. Methods: A spinal nerve injury model was established in adult male Wistar rats. The von Frey test and hot plate test were performed to evaluate neuropathic pain behavior, and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization, and immunohistoc

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