Dissertations / Theses: 'Spinale anesthesie'

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Fishell, Royce A. "The Relationship Between Position and Incidence of Spinal Headache Following Spinal Anesthesia in the Young Adult Female." VCU Scholars Compass, 1988. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4550.

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This investigation determined the difference in the incidence of spinal headache in 33 patients placed in 30 degrees (°) head-up position versus 33 patients who remained flat for four hours following the administration of spinal anesthesia. An experimental design was used. The two randomly assigned groups presented for elective postpartum tubal ligation under spinal anesthesia. Group A was placed flat and group B had the head of their beds elevated 30° postoperatively. Strict procedural protocol was adhered to prior to and during the administration of the spinal anesthetic. To determine if the patients had any symptoms consistent with spinal headache, patients were visited postoperatively in the hospital and were contacted again on the seventh to ninth postoperative day. Pain in the frontal and/or occipital area which was aggravated by sitting up and relieved by lying down was used as the criteria for spinal headache. The data were analyzed using the Fisher Exact Test. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of headache between the postpartum tubal ligation patients who were placed flat postoperatively and those who had the head of their bed elevated 30° (p = 1). The null hypothesis was therefore supported at p > .05. The findings support relaxing restrictions placed on patient's positioning following spinal anesthesia.

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Wang, Yuan, and 王苑. "The effect of intravenous and intrathecal morphine preconditioning on hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury in normal and cirrhotic livers." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47849848.

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Hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury occurs when patients undergoing liver operations such as liver transplantation, tumour resection and shock. Intravenous and intrathecal administration of morphine can be used to provide analgesia prior or after liver surgery. It has been reported that systemically administered morphine conferred protective effect on numerous organs, including heart, brain and kidney. The focus of my research is to investigate the effect of intravenous and intrathecal morphine preconditioning on normal and cirrhotic livers. Further, PI3K/Akt, STAT3 and HO-1/iNOS pathways had been shown to ameliorate hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Hence, we aim to investigate these possible signaling pathways associated with morphine mediated hepato-protection. A partial hepatic ischaemia reperfusion injury model in rats was used. The experiments were divided into two series: one involved in normal livers and the other one involved in cirrhotic livers. For the normal livers, morphine at different doses were administrated intravenously or intrathecally prior the onset of ischaemia, and the experiments were repeated with previous intravenous administration of naloxone methiodide (opioid receptor antagonist), or wortmannin (Akt inhibitor), respectively. For the cirrhotic livers, morphine at optimal doses were injected intravenously or intrathecally prior the onset of ischaemia. Those rats with only induced hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury only were marked as control groups. The effect of morphine preconditioning on hepatic architecture, apoptosis and liver function were evaluated respectively by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, Terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, the expression of cleaved Caspase-3, and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Meanwhile, the expression of phosphorylated Akt, phosphorylated JAK2, phosphorylated STAT3, HO-1 and iNOS were detected by Western Blot to determine the signaling pathways involved by intravenous and intrathecal morphine preconditioning. The normal livers series presented intravenous and intrathecal morphine preconditioning at the 100μg/kg, 10μg/kg, respectively, better persevered hepatic architecture when compared with control groups. The degree of liver cell apoptosis and expression of cleaved caspase-3 were also reduced by intravenous and intrathecal morphine preconditioning. In additional, intravenous and intrathecal morphine preconditioning ameliorated hepatocellular damage by reducing ALT&AST release. Moreover, the expressions of phosphorylated Akt and its downstream protein STAT3 were significantly increased by intravenous and intrathecal morphine preconditioning, compared with their respective control groups. The hepato-protective effect of intravenous and intrathecal morphine preconditioning was reversed by naloxone methiodide or wortmannin pretreatment. The similar pattern of protection was observed in cirrhotic livers. Both intravenous and intrathecal morphine preconditioning protected hepatic architecture much better than control groups. They also attenuated hepatic apoptosis degree and hepatocellular enzyme release. Furthermore, the expression of HO-1 was up-regulated, whereas the expression of iNOS was down-regulated by intravenous and intrathecal morphine preconditioning. In summary, this study provided evidence that intravenous and intrathecal morphine preconditioning could attenuate hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury in normal and cirrhotic livers. The involvement of opioid receptors, Akt/STAT3 pathway and HO-1 pathway might be the underlying mechanisms of morphine hepato-protection. Finally, the protective effect of morphine preconditioning might provide a potential therapeutic approach for clinical usage.
published_or_final_version
Anaesthesiology
Master
Master of Philosophy

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Erdoğan, Ayşen. "Spinal ve genel anestezinin artroskopik girişimlerde kullanılan turnikeye bağlı iskemi-reperfüzyon hasarına etkisi /." Isparta: SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, 2005. http://tez.sdu.edu.tr/Tezler/TT00251.pdf.

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Poma, Mara Aparecida Maricato. "Gabapentin association as an adjuvant the spinal anesthesia for acute pain control in conventional cholecystectomy." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16382.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
The cholelithiasis is the main biliary tract disease that affects a significant amount of the population, an issue of global public health. In Brazil, is the most common surgical abdominal disease, with about 200,000 hospitalizations annually by the Unified Health System (SUS). The treatment is surgical and can be done conventionally or laparoscopic surgery, the is gold standard option. But the reality of our public health system shows that the vast majority of surgical procedures performed are conventional cholecystectomy. What demand the need for appropriate anesthetic management for effective, safe anesthesia, with control of neuro endocrine response to trauma and postoperative pain. The objective of this clinical study, prospective, double-blind randomly distributed was to evaluate the use of gabapentin by mouth as an adjunct to spinal anesthesia for acute pain control in conventional cholecystectomy. We selected 59 patients with cholelithiasis for elective surgery in general surgery service of Hospital Santa Casa de Misericordia de Fortaleza, being divided into two groups: Gabapentin group (GGP), gabapentin was administered in 31 patients in the 600mg via dose oral 01 hour before surgery and the second control group (CG) were administered placebo, 1 tablet 01 hour before surgery in 28 patients. Both groups underwent spinal anesthesia with sufentanil for performing conventional cholecystectomy. The main variables were: age, gender, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glucose levels, pain scores and morphine consumption postoperatively. The results showed no statistically significant differences between the gabapentin group and the control group.We conclude that the use of gabapentin by mouth as an adjunct to spinal anesthesia in conventional laparoscopic not interfere with the hemodynamic response during surgery or in the control of acute postoperative pain, no consumption of morphine, either on the glycemic index in the post-period operatively.
A colelitÃase Ã a principal doenÃa do trato biliar que afeta uma quantidade significativa da populaÃÃo, representando um problema de saÃde pÃblica mundial. (BECKER et al 2013). No Brasil, Ã a doenÃa abdominal cirÃrgica mais comum, com cerca de 200.000 internaÃÃes ao ano pelo Sistema Ãnico de SaÃde (SUS). MinistÃrio da SaÃde - Sistema de InformaÃÃes Hospitalares do SUS (SIH/SUS) Seu tratamento Ã cirÃrgico podendo ser realizado de forma convencional ou por videocirurgia, que Ã o padrÃo ouro. (CASTRO;AKERMAN; MUNHOZ) 2014). PorÃm, a realidade do nosso sistema pÃblico de SaÃde demonstra que a grande maioria dos procedimentos cirÃrgicos realizados sÃo colecistectomias convencionais. O que demanda a necessidade de um manejo anestÃsico apropriado para obter anestesia eficaz, segura, com controle da resposta neuro endÃcrina ao trauma e da dor pÃs-operatÃria. O objetivo deste estudo clÃnico, prospectivo, aleatoriamente distribuÃdo e duplamente encoberto foi avaliar o uso da gabapentina por via oral como adjuvante da raquianestesia para controle da dor aguda em colecistectomia convencional. Foram selecionados 59 pacientes portadores de colelitÃase para cirurgia eletiva no serviÃo de cirurgia geral do Hospital Santa Casa de MisericÃrdia de Fortaleza, sendo distribuÃdos em dois grupos: grupo Gabapentina (GGP), administrou-se gabapentina, em 31 pacientes, na dose de 600mg via oral 01 hora antes do inÃcio da cirurgia e o segundo grupo Controle (GC) administrou-se placebo, 1 comprimido, 01 hora antes do inÃcio da cirurgia em 28 pacientes. Os dois grupos foram submetidos Ã raquianestesia com sulfentanil para a realizaÃÃo de colecistectomia convencional. As principais variÃveis avaliadas foram: idade, sexo, frequÃncia cardÃaca, pressÃo arterial sistÃlica e diastÃlica, nÃveis glicÃmicos, escores de dor e consumo de morfina no pÃs-operatÃrio. Os resultados obtidos nÃo demonstraram diferenÃas estatisticamente significantes entre o grupo gabapentina e o grupo controle. Conclui-se que o uso da gabapentina por via oral como adjuvante da raquianestesia em colecistectomia convencional nÃo interfere na resposta hemodinÃmica no intraoperatÃrio, nem no controle da dor aguda pÃs-operatÃria, nem no consumo de morfina, tampouco no Ãndice glicÃmico no perÃodo pÃs-operatÃrio.

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Dobrydnjov, Igor. "Perioperative effects of systemic or spinal clonidine as adjuvant during spinal anaesthesia /." Linköping : Univ, 2004. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2004/med859s.pdf.

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Behnami, Delaram. "Joint multimodal registration of medical images to a statistical model of the lumbar spine for spine anesthesia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/59570.

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Facet joint injections and epidural needle insertions are widely used for spine anesthesia. Needle guidance is usually performed by fluoroscopy or palpation, resulting in radiation exposure and multiple needle re-insertions. Several ultrasound (US)-based guidance approaches have been proposed to eliminate such issues.However, but they have not widely accepted in clinics due to difficulties in interpretation of the complex spinal anatomy in US, which leads to clinicians' lack of confidence in relying only on information derived from US for needle guidance. In this thesis, a model-based multi-modal joint registration framework is introduced, where a statistical model of the lumbar spine is concurrently registered to intraprocedure US and easy-to-interpret preprocedure images. The goal is to take advantage of the complementary features visible in US and preprocedure images, namely Computed Topography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance (MR) scans. Two versions of a lumbar spine statistical model are employed: a shape+pose model and a shape+pose+scale model. The underlying assumption is that the shape and size of the spine of a given subject are common amongst all imaging modalities . However, the pose of the spine changes from one modality to another, as the patient's position is different at different image acquisitions. The proposed method has been successfully validated on two datasets: (i) 10 pairs of US and CT scans and (ii) nine US and MR images of the lumbar spine. Using the shape+pose+scale model on the US+CT dataset, mean surface distance error of 2.42 mm for CT and mean Target Registration Error (TRE) of 3.14 mm for US were achieved. As for the US+MR dataset, TRE of 2.62 mm and 4.20 mm for the MR and US images, respectively. Both models models were equally accurate on the US+CT dataset. For US+MR, the shape+pose+scale model outperformed the shape+pose model. The joint registration allows augmentation of important anatomical landmarks in both intraprocedure US and preprocedure domains. Furthermore, observing the patient-specific model in preprocedure domains allows the clinicians to assess the local registration accuracy qualitatively. This can increase their confidence in using the US model for deriving needle guidance decisions.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Graduate

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Abimussi, Caio José Xavier [UNESP]. "Eficácia e efeitos hemodinâmicos da anestesia raquidiana com ropivacaína isobárica, hipobárica ou hiperbárica seletiva em cães anestesiados com isofluorano." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132895.

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Não recebi financiamento
Objetivou-se avaliar a anestesia raquidiana com ropivacaína em cães alterando a baricidade do anestésico local, investigando as alterações hemodinâmicas e complicações. Foram utilizados seis cães, Beagle, 4 anos, submetidos a anestesia inalatória com isofluorano e aos tratamentos: Ghipo = anestesia raquidiana hipobárica (0,5 mL NaCl 0,9% + 0,5 mL ropivacaína 0,75%); Giso = anestesia raquidiana isobárica (0,5 mL NaCl 1,53% + 0,5 mL ropivacaína 0,75%); Ghiper = anestesia raquidiana hiperbárica (0,5 mL glicose 10% + 0,5 mL ropivacaína 0,75%). Após indução anestésica e manutenção com isofluorano, os animais foram posicionados em decúbito lateral direito para a passagem de um cateter de artéria pulmonar pela veia jugular esquerda. Após esse procedimento, a punção subaracnóide foi realizada entre L5-L6 com uma agulha espinhal 22G, seguida da administração de 1 mL de anestésico local em 1 min. Os animais foram mantidos por 60 minutos anestesiados em decúbito ventral. A FC, f, PAM, DC, PAPm e TºC apresentaram aumento progressivo em todos os grupos enquanto que a PCPm, apenas no GHIPO, aumentou ao longo de todos os momentos. O IRPT no GISO apresentou valores significativamente superiores no M1, M5 e M10 comparado aos demais grupos, exceto no M5, em que o GISO diferiu somente do GHIPER. O IRVP no GISO aumentou no M5 em comparação ao MB. Foram observados efeitos adversos como déficit motor unilateral, atonia vesical, excitação, dor aguda e quemose. Conclui-se que as alterações hemodinâmicas não foram relevantes, embora a anestesia inalatória com isofluorano tenha influído sobre os resultados obtidos.
The aim of the study was to assess spinal anesthesia with ropivacaine in dogs altering the local anesthetic agent’s baricity in order to investigate hemodynamic changes and complications. Six beagle dogs aged 4 years old were anesthetized with isoflurane and subjected to the treatments: Ghypo = spinal anesthesia with hypobaric ropivacaine (0.5 mL of 0.9% NaCl + 0.5 mL ropivacaine at 0,75%); Giso = isobaric spinal anesthesia (0.5 mL of 0,906% NaCl + 0.5 mL ropivacaine at 0,75%); Ghyper = hyperbaric spinal anesthesia (0.5 mL of 10% glucose + 0.5 mL ropivacaine at 0.75%). After induction to anesthesia and maintenance with isoflurane, animals were positioned in right lateral recumbency for pulmonary artery catheterization through the left jugular vein. Rightafter, spinal anesthesia was performed between L5-L6 using a 22G Quincke tip needle, followed by administration of 1 mL of local anesthetic during 1 minute. Animals were maintained under anesthesia for 60 minutes in ventral recumbency. HR, FR, MAP, CO, mPAP and body temperature progressively increased in all groups. whereas PCWP increased only in GHYPO at all time points. The TPRI showed significantly higher values in GISO at M1, M5 and M10 compared to the other groups, except for M5, during which GISO differed only from GHYPER. The PVRI increased at M5 compared to MB in GISO. Side effects such as unilateral motor deficit, bladder atony, excitation, acute pain and chemosis were observed. In conclusion, the hemodynamic changes were not relevant, although inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane might have influenced the results.

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Forssblad, Magnus. "A concept for treatment of sports related knee injuries /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-799-1/.

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Souza, Marcio Antonio de. "Analgesia de parto : bloqueio combinado raqui-peridural versus bloquei peridural continuo em primigestas." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309851.

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Orientador: João Luiz de Carvalho Pinto e Silva
Dissertação ( mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O trabalho de parto produz desconforto e dor intensa à maioria das parturientes. O método de eleição que seria ideal para produzir analgesia deveria reduzir ao máximo os inconvenientes e a dor provocados pelo trabalho de parto, permitindo que a mãe participasse ativamente e com prazer da experiência de dar à luz. A analgesia combinada raqui-peridural (ACRP) apresentaria, como vantagens, a possibilidade de instalação precoce, rápido início de ação analgésica, uso de baixas doses de anestésicos locais, associando-se a trabalhos de partos mais curtos, menor bloqueio motor e ofereceria maior satisfação à parturiente. A analgesia peridural contínua (APC) utilizaria doses maiores de anestésicos locais, produzindo maior bloqueio motor, mas deveria ser realizada em fases mais adiantadas do período de dilatação. O potencial atrativo da ACRP seria o de incorporar as vantagens da administração intratecal de fármacos de ação analgésica rápida, com a manutenção de acesso através de um cateter peridural, disponível continuamente para complementação com novas doses ou adição de outras drogas, minimizando as desvantagens apresentadas por ambas as técnicas. O estudo compara os desfechos maternos e perinatais com a utilização da ACRP e APC em parturientes primigestas. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS Foi realizado um ensaio clínico aleatorizado com 128 gestantes primigestas em trabalho de parto, divididas em dois grupos de igual tamanho (grupo APC e grupo ACRP) admitidas no pré-parto de duas maternidades na cidade de Jundiaí - SP, sendo estudadas as seguintes variáveis: tempo de latência de instalação da analgesia, intensidade da dor ao longo da analgesia, tempo total decorrido até a completa dilatação do colo uterino, Índice de Apgar de primeiro e quinto minutos, tempo de resolução do parto, grau de bloqueio motor, efeitos adversos como náuseas, vômitos, prurido, hipotensão arterial e o grau de satisfação materna. ANÁLISE DOS DADOS: A análise dos dados foi feita através do teste de Mann-Whitney para as variáveis contínuas não paramétricas. Utilizou-se também teste exato de Fisher e teste qui-quadrado de Pearson para variáveis categóricas. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferenças entre os grupos em relação à velocidade de dilatação cervical, tempo para resolução do parto, parâmetros hemodinâmicos maternos, vitalidade do recémnascido, complementações analgésicas durante o trabalho de parto e parto. Ocorreu maior rapidez de instalação da analgesia no grupo da ACRP. Com relação ao bloqueio motor também se observou diferença estatística significativa entre os dois grupos, sendo menor no grupo de APC. CONCLUSÕES: As duas técnicas mostraram-se seguras e eficientes, porém a ACRP ofereceu uma analgesia mais rápida, com alívio mais precoce da dor. O bloqueio motor menos intenso no grupo APC proporcionou movimentação mais ativa no leito e uma colaboração mais efetiva das gestantes durante o período expulsivo. A grande maioria das mulheres (97,6%) referiu satisfação com a analgesia recebida. As doses de anestésicos locais e opióides utilizadas em ambas as técnicas analgésicas propostas não produziram efeitos adversos maternos significativos e tampouco alteraram a vitalidade dos recém-nascidos dos dois grupos. Ambas as técnicas não mostraram qualquer predomínio de efeitos adversos
Abstract: PROBLEM AND OBJECTIVES: The childbirth arouses distress and intense pain to most of the parturients. The ideal method of producing analgesia must reduce the labor's pain and inconveniences to the utmost level, allowing the mother to participate on the delivery experience in an active and pleasant manner. The Combined Spinal-Epidural (CSE) analgesia offers the advantages of an early insertion, fast onset of analgesia, small dose of local anesthetic and reduced degree of motor block, being thus associated to short-time labors and yielding greater satisfaction to the puerpera. Otherwise, the Continuous Epidural Analgesia (CEA) would require larger doses of local anesthetics and a larger motor block as well, but it would be applied only in advanced stages of dilatation. The CSE analgesia has an attractive prospect, since it incorporates the advantages of the intrathecal administration of rapid onset pharmaceuticals, preserving this access through an epidural catheter that is uninterruptedly available for the insertion of other drugs and, at the same time, reducing the disadvantages that these both anesthesia techniques present. This study compares the combined spinal-epidural analgesia with the continuous epidural analgesia in primiparous parturients, through maternal and perinatal outcomes. APPROACH AND METHOD: 128 primiparous parturients in labor were recruited for the study. They were separated into two equal groups (CEA group and CSE group) when they applied to two of the maternity hospitals in Jundiaí city, during the pre-labor stage. A random clinical rehearsal was accomplished and the following variables were analyzed: latency time for the analgesia onset, pain intensity after its onset, total time elapsed until the complete cervical dilation, Apgar Index at the 1st and 5th minutes, time for delivery conclusion, degree of motor block, level of sensitive block, adverse effects (such as nausea, vomiting, pruritus and arterial hypotension) and degree of motherly approval. Data Analysis: The analysis was performed through the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test for continuous variables. Fisher's exact test and Pearson's chi-square test were also employed. RESULTS: Concerning the compared variables on the speed of cervical dilation, time for delivery conclusion, maternal hemodynamic parameters, newborn's healthiness, complementary analgesia during labor and labor, there were no significant statistic differences between the two groups studied. However, the CSE group had a faster analgesia insertion. In relation to the motor block, a significant statistic difference was detected between the two groups, revealing a reduced motor block in the group that received the CEA. CONCLUSIONS: Both techniques were proved as safe and efficient, though the CSE analgesia offered a faster analgesia and sooner pain relief. Due to a less intense motor block, the parturients from the CEA group were able to accomplish an active movement and effective collaboration during the expulsion stage. The major part of the women (95,4%) expressed satisfaction with the analgesia that was applied. The doses of local anesthetics and opioids, contained in both analgesia techniques, did not cause considerable adverse effects on the mothers and did not either affect the newborns in any of the two groups
Mestrado
Tocoginecologia
Mestre em Tocoginecologia

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Sharwood-Smith, Geoffrey H. "The inferior vena caval compression theory of hypotension in obstetric spinal anaesthesia : studies in normal and preeclamptic pregnancy : a literature review and revision of fundamental concepts." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1815.

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Three clinical investigations together with a combined editorial and review of the cardiovascular physiology of spinal anaesthesia in normal and preeclamptic pregnancy form the basis of a thesis to be submitted for the degree of Doctor of Medicine at the University of St Andrews. First, the longstanding consensus that spinal anaesthesia could cause severe hypotension in severe preeclampsia was examined using three approaches. The doses of ephedrine required to maintain systolic blood pressure above predetermined limits were first compared in spinal versus epidural anaesthesia. The doses of ephedrine required were then similarly studied during spinal anaesthesia in preeclamptic versus normal control subjects. The principal outcome of these studies, that preeclamptic patients were resistant to hypotension after a spinal anaesthetic, was then further investigated by studying pulse transit time (PTT) changes in normal versus preeclamptic pregnancy. PTT was explored both as beat-to-beat monitor of cardiovascular function and also as an indicator of changes in arterial stiffness. The cardiovascular physiology of obstetric spinal anaesthesia was then reviewed in the light of the three clinical investigations, developments in reproductive vascular biology and the regulation of venous capacitance. It is argued that the theory of a role for vena caval compression as the single cause of spinal anaesthetic induced hypotension in obstetrics should be revised.

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Rane, Lindgren Kerstin. "Intrathecal adenosine for treatment of acute pain : safety assessments and evaluation in experimental, surgical and labour pain /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-750-9.

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Zaouter, Cedrick. "Automated sedation integrated with a decision support for patients undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia with controlled sedation." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=117211.

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Automated systems for propofol delivery and decision support system (DSS) have been shown to decrease anesthesiologists' workload and increase their vigilance during surgery, respectively. However, automated systems have been used mainly for general anesthesia but never for controlled sedation alone. In addition, DSSs have never been used before to help anesthesiologists to monitor patients receiving a spinal anesthesia with sedation. Thus, we have developed the first medical device incorporating a closed loop system for sedation and a decision support system for controlled sedation for patients undergoing knee or hip arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia with controlled sedation. The present project aims to determine the performances and the safety of this novel hybrid medical device. The hypothesis is that this novel device provides better sedation than manual control and could help to detect critical events, which could occur during spinal anesthesia with sedation, more promptly. The hybrid system tested in this trial can control sedation better than manually delivered propofol sedation and can detect critical events in a shorter time length allowing faster therapeutic treatments.
Les systèmes automatisés pour l'administration de propofol et les systèmes d'aide décisionnel (DSSs) permettent de diminuer la charge de travail des anesthésistes et d'accroître leurs vigilances pendant la chirurgie, respectivement. Cependant, les systèmes automatisés d'injection de prpofol ont été utilisés principalement pour l'anesthésie générale, mais jamais pour la sédation consciente. De plus, les DSSs n'ont jamais été utilisés auparavant pour aider les anesthésistes à surveiller les patients recevant une rachianesthésie avec sédation. Ainsi, nous avons développé le premier dispositif médical incorporant un système en boucle fermée pour la sédation automatisée avec propofol incluant un DSS pour la surveillance de patients subissant une intervention d'arthroplastie du genou ou de la hanche sous rachianesthésie et sédation consciente. Le projet vise à déterminer les performances et la sécurité de ce nouveau dispositif médical hybride. L'hypothèse est que ce nouveau dispositif offre une meilleure sédation que le contrôle manuel et une détection plus précoce des événements critiques qui peuvent survenir pendant la rachianesthésie avec sédation utilisant le propofol. Le système hybride testé dans cet essai permet de contrôler la sédation avec propofol mieux que l'administration manuelle et peut détecter les événements critiques plus vite permettant un traitement de ces derniers plus rapide.

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Carvalho, Rafael Cardoso. "Topografia vértebro-medular e anestesia espinhal em jabuti das patas vermelhas Geochelone carbonaria (SPIX, 1824)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-06082007-163438/.

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Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa descrever a topografia vértebro-medular do jabuti de patas vermelhas, com o intuito de assentar bases morfológicas que possam ser utilizadas em pesquisas aplicadas como a anestesiologia, assim como, desenvolver técnica de anestesia espinhal que possa ser utilizada na rotina clínico-cirúrgica veterinária. Para tanto, este trabalho foi dividido em duas etapas. A primeira etapa, correspondeu aos estudos morfológicos (anatomia), e a segunda, ao desenvolvimento/avaliação da técnica de anestesia espinhal. Para os estudos morfológicos utilizaram-se seis animais adultos provenientes do estado do Maranhão, os quais vieram a óbito por causas naturais. Canulou-se a artéria carótida comum, fazendo-se a perfusão do sistema arterial com solução salina aquecida a 37ºC, procedendo-se então com a fixação do material com solução de formaldeído a 20%. As peças então foram submetidas à ação de solução descalcificadora modificada, por um período de 72 horas, e em seguida, iniciou-se a dissecção com a abertura dorsal da carapaça mediante auxílio de cizel e martelo ortopédico, e posteriormente a musculatura dorsal era dissecada e os arcos vertebrais seccionados, para acesso à medula espinhal. A segunda etapa que consistiu no desenvolvimento/avaliação da técnica de anestesia espinhal, foi realizada no Orquidário Municipal de Santos - São Paulo, onde foram utilizados oito animais, os quais foram submetidos ao emprego da técnica de anestesia espinhal, que consistiu na administração de lidocaína (2%) no volume de 0,2mL/10cm de carapaça, em um dos espaços articulares compreendidos entre a 15ª a 22ª vértebras coccígeas. Os parâmetros avaliados foram o período de latência, o relaxamento muscular e analgesia das regiões de membro pélvico, cauda e cloaca. Os resultados evidenciam que a medula espinhal do G.carbonaria, apresentou-se como uma massa alongada, de coloração esbranquiçada, situada dentro do canal vertebral, preenchedo-o até a articulação entre a penúltima e a última vértebra caudal. A intumescência cérvico-torácica apresentou-se localizada entre os segmentos medulares de C5-T1, enquanto a intumescência tóraco-sacral pelos segmentos medulares de T6-Ca1. A técnica de anestesia espinhal, apresentou-se como técnica segura e eficaz, promovendo relaxamento muscular e analgesia satisfatória para as regiões de membro pélvico e cauda/cloaca, podendo ser utilizada como alternativa anestésica bastante eficiente para procedimentos cirúrgicos nestas regiões.
The objective of this study was to describe the topographic anatomy of spinal cord of the Red Footed Tortoise in order to obtain morphologic bases that can be used in an applied researches as anesthesiology as well as to develop spinal anesthesia techniques that can be used in a clinic and surgery veterinary routine. The first part was the anatomy morphologic study and the second was the evaluation development of the technique spinal anesthesia. It was used six adult animals that died for natural causes, for the morphologic studies from Maranhão State. It was dissected the common carotid artery and the arterial system was perfusion with warm saline solution at 37ºC. The material was fixed with formaldenyde solution at 20%. Then the pieces were submitted by modify decalcified solution action, for 72 hours. The dissection started by the dorsal shell opening with help of a chizel and an orthopedic hammer. The dorsal muscle was dissected and the vertebral arch was sectioned for the spinal cord access. The second part, consisting in a development / valuation of the spinal anesthetic technique, was realized at Orquidário Municipal in Santos - SP where it was used eight animals submitted at this technique. The evaluation parameters were the latent period, the muscle relaxation and the analgesia of the pelvic member region, tail and cloaca. The results proved that the G. carbonaria spinal cord showed as an elongated mass with whitish color, situated in the vertebral duct, between the penultimate and the last caudal vertebrae. The cervical swelling was localizated between the medular segment (C5 to T1) while the sacral swelling was placed between the T6 to Ca1 medular segments. The spinal anesthetic technique showed to be a safe and effective technique, promoting muscular relaxation and satisfactory analgesia for the pelvic member, tail and cloaca regions, being suitable to use as an anesthetic alternative quite efficient for the surgical procedures in this regions.

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Souza, Vinícius Pereira de [UNIFESP]. "Efeitos da infusão profilática contínua de fenilefrina sobre a estratégia de redução da massa de anestésico local em pacientes submetidas à raquianestesia para cesariana." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2010. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/9399.

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A redução da massa de anestésico local é utilizada para minimizar os efeitos da hipotensão arterial, relacionados com raquianestesia para cesariana, diminuindo a incidência de eventos adversos maternos e preservando o bem-estar fetal. Esta estratégia tem o risco de resultar em anestesia insuficiente. Por outro lado, a hipotensão associada às maiores massas de anestésico local no espaço subaracnóideo pode ser controlada com infusão contínua profilática de fenilefrina.! Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da infusão contínua e profilática de fenilefrina para controle pressórico sobre os eventos adversos maternos e conceptuais em cesarianas com diferentes doses de bupivacaína na raquianestesia. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo clínico prospectivo, não-aleatório, com 60 gestantes a termo, admitidas para cesariana eletiva. Todas as pacientes receberam raquianestesia com bupivacaína hiperbárica, acrescida de 5 mcg de sufentanil e 100 mcg de morfina. Foram alocadas em dois grupos, G12 e G8, na dependência da dose de bupivacaína hiperbárica administrada, 12 ou 8 mg, respectivamente. Foi realizada hidratação com 10 ml/Kg de solução de Ringer Lactato, 10 a 15 minutos antes da realização do bloqueio. Logo após, iniciou-se infusão contínua de 100 mcg/min de fenilefrina, com o objetivo de manter a pressão arterial dentro de limites estritos. Foram avaliados níveis sensitivos de bloqueio anestésico, consumo de vasopressores, incidência de eventos adversos maternos e condições do recém-nascido. Resultados: Os dados maternos mostraram que os dois grupos foram semelhantes, quanto ao nível de bloqueio anestésico, consumo de fenilefrina por unidade de tempo e incidências de hipotensão e hipertensão arterial, bradicardia, náuseas, vômitos, dispnéia, dor e tremores. Os dados conceptuais evidenciaram que os grupos foram semelhantes quanto à gasometria de artéria e veia umbilicais e lactato arterial e venoso. Todos os RN apresentaram pH > 7,2 e apenas 1 obteve pontuação < 7 no Apgar do primeiro minuto. Conclusões: Quando a pressão arterial é mantida dentro de controle rígido, por meio da infusão profilática contínua de fenilefrina, a incidência de eventos adversos maternos e conceptuais não difere quando a raquianestesia é realizada com 12 mg ou 8 mg de bupivacaína hiperbárica.
Background: Reduced local anesthetic dose is used for minimizing hypotension changes related with spinal anesthesia for cesarean section, optimizing both maternal and fetal outcomes. This strategy can result in neuroaxial block failure. On the other hand, the higher doses associated with hypotension can be controlled with continuous prophylactic infusion of phenylephrine. The present study assessed the effects of continuous infusion of phenylephrine under strict blood pressure control and the maternal-fetal outcomes in patients under spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean section with two anesthetic solution. Methods: The number of 60 patients, scheduled for elective cesarean section, was allocated into 2 non-randomized groups (30 individuals each) for this prospective clinical study identified as Group 12 (G12), who were administered 12 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine and; Group 8 (G8), who were injected with 8 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine. In both groups, the anesthetic solution was added to sufentanyl 5 !g and morphine 100 !g. Pre-hydration with Ringer Lactate solution – 10 ml/Kg. Continuous phenylephrine infusion started at the end of the spinal block, with a infusion rate of 100 !g/min under strict blood pressure control. Comparatively, sensitive anesthetic block level, vasopressor consumption, adverse maternal and neonate outcomes were evaluated. Results: The incidence of maternal adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, dispnea, pain, tremor, and bradicardy, necessity of atropine, hypotension and hypertension showed no significant difference between groups. In addition, other parameters were evaluated in neonates, pH, pCO2, BE and lactate of umbilical vases and the consumption of phenylephrine per time unit. All neonates showed pH higher than 7.20, as well as the Apgar score higher than 7 at 5`; only one neonate of G12 showed the Apgar score lower than 7 at 1`. Conclusion: Strict arterial blood pressure performed with prophylactic continuous infusion of phenylephrine, doesn’t change the maternal and fetal outcomes in patients scheduled for elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.
TEDE
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

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15

Weilenmann, Leni, and Anu Taina. "Anestesisjuksköterskans stöd till den födande kvinnan : Vid planerat kejsarsnitt i spinalanestesi." Thesis, Röda Korsets Högskola, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:rkh:diva-286.

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Bakgrund: Kejsarsnitt har blivit vanligare, orsaken kan vara medicinska indikationer, men också förlossningsrädsla. Att kvinnor som föder barn vaginalt får en bättre upplevelse om de får stöd av en medmänniska är välkänt. Studier av kvinnor som föder barn med planerade kejsarsnitt visar att de också behöver stöd. Detta stöd ges framför allt av anestesisjuksköterskor eftersom barnmorskan är sterilklädd. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva hur anestesisjuksköterskan ger stöd till den födande kvinnan vid planerat kejsarsnitt i spinalanestesi. Metod: En empirisk, deskriptiv studie med kvalitativ ansats genomfördes. Fem anestesisjuksköterskor intervjuades. Deras berättelser analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: I resultatet framkom fem olika teman och tio subkategorier. Resultatet visar hur anestesisjuksköterskorna ger stöd. Temana var främja delaktighet (kommunicera, involvera närstående), värna integritet (stå bakom, dela födelsen), inge trygghet (vara närvarande, utstråla kompetens, teamarbete) och skapa relation (emotionellt engagemang, använda personligheten, känna in den unika patienten). Det femte temat produktionskrav beskriver de tidspressade förhållanden som gäller där anestesisjuksköterskorna ger stödet. Slutsats: Att ge stöd vid kejsarsnitt innebär att anestesisjuksköterskorna pendlar mellan närhet och distans till patienten, utifrån den unika patientens behov. Målet för stödet var att den blivande modern skulle kunna föda sitt barn lugn och trygg, tillsammans med sin närstående. Arbetsmiljö med flera kejsarsnitt per dag påverkar anestesisjuksköterskornas möjligheter att ge stöd. Klinisk betydelse: Denna studie avser att öka kunskapen om anestesisjuksköterskans stöd vid planerade kejsarsnitt. Detta är en pilotstudie som det kan vara värdefullt att reflektera kring som kliniskt verksam anestesisjuksköterska.
Background: Caesarean section has become more common, the cause may be medical indications, but also fear of childbirth. It is well known that women who give birth vaginally have a better experience if they are supported by a fellow human being. Studies of women who give birth with planned caesarean section shows that they also need support. The purpose was to describe how the nurse anesthetist provides support to the woman in labor at elective caesarean section in spinal anesthesia. Method: An empirical, descriptive study with qualitative approach was conducted. Five nurse anesthetists were interviewed. Their stories were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: The results revealed five different themes and ten subcategories. The results show how a nurse anesthetist provides support. Nurse anesthetists provide support by promoting participation, protect integrity, provide safety and build relationships. The fifth theme, which is called the production requirements, describes the time-strained circumstances of the place where nurse anesthetists provide support. Conclusion: Nurse anesthetists were prepared to provide support so that the mother could give birth to the baby while feeling safe and calm. Working environment with multiple caesarean sections per day affects nurse anesthetist capacity to provide support. Clinical significance: This study intends to increase awareness of the nurse anesthetist support for this form of childbirth. This is a pilot study that it may be useful for the clinically active nurse anesthetist to reflect on.

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Borendal, Wodlin Ninnie. "Fast track abdominal hysterectomy : On the mode of anesthesia, postoperative recovery and health economics." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Obstetrik och gynekologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-70469.

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Introduction: Hysterectomy is the most common major gynecological operation in the Western World and approximately 5000 benign hysterectomies are performed in Sweden every year. Consequently it is a surgical procedure that affects many women. The procedure comprises challenges concerning perioperative health care, perceived postoperative symptoms, quality of life aspects and health economics. The concept of fast track is a multimodal strategy to reduce hormonal surgical stress response and achieve an enhanced postoperative recovery and is today considered to be evidence based in relation to colorectal surgery. Spinal anesthesia, as an important part of fast track, provides benefits of extended effect on analgesia and reduced postoperative morbidity. It is reasonable to believe that employing the strategies of fast track including spinal anesthesia could also provide substantial benefits for women requiring surgical removal of the uterus. Aims: To determine whether duration of hospital stay, presence and intensity of postoperative symptoms, duration of sick leave and cost-effectiveness differ between women undergoing benign fast track abdominal hysterectomy in spinal anesthesia with intrathecal morphine (SA) and in standard general anesthesia (GA). Material & Methods: 180 women participated in this open randomized multicenter study with five participating hospitals in the southeast region of Sweden. One hundred and sixty two completed the study; 82 women were randomized to SA and 80 to GA. A fast track model comprising premedication without sedatives, intravenous fluid regulation, analgesics based on non-opioids, pre-emptive antiemetic therapy, early enteral nutrition and mobilization and standard criteria for discharge were used. End points were duration of hospital stay, use of analgesics, perceived postoperative symptoms, occurrence of postoperative complications, duration of sick leave and health economic evaluations. Results: Duration of hospital stay did not differ between the two modes of anesthesia. Vomiting and pruritus occurred significantly more often after SA. Complication rates did not differ between groups. Women with SA experienced less overall discomfort and had a reduced need for opioids postoperatively. Abdominal pain, drowsiness and fatigue occurred less often and with lower intensity among the women in the SA group. Health related quality of life improved faster and the duration of sick leave was shorter in women after SA. Total costs (hospital costs plus costs for productivity loss) were lower for the SA group. Within the first 29 days after hysterectomy the women in the SA group gained more QALYs than women in the GA group. Conclusions: The duration of hospitalisation after fast track abdominal hysterectomy was less than 50 hours and mode of anesthesia did not influence this. SA displayed considerable advantages regarding postoperative symptoms and recovery. SA was considered cost-effective in comparison with GA due to lower total costs and more QALYs gained. Our study indicates that SA should be recommended as the first choice of anesthesia in benign abdominal hysterectomy.

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Müller, Katja. "Untersuchung der Erregbarkeit spinaler Motoneurone während Propofolmononarkosen." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15423.

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Einleitung: Zur Messung der Narkosetiefe standen bisher vor allem aus dem EEG abgeleitete Parameter im Mittelpunkt der Forschung, die sehr gut geeignet sind, die hypnotische Komponente der Anästhesie abzubilden. Eine Vorhersage auf motorische Reaktionen lassen sie jedoch nicht zu. Eine vorausgehende Studie hat gezeigt, dass unter Sevofluran der spinale H-Reflex mit der chirurgischen Immobilität korreliert. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, ob motorische Reaktionen während Propofolmononarkosen mittels H-Reflex besser vorausgesagt werden können als mit den EEG-Parametern Bispektraler Index (BIS), spektrale Entropie (SE) und response Entropie (RE). Außerdem wurde der Einfluss von Propofol auf die Erholungskurve des H-Reflexes unter Doppelstimulation untersucht. Methodik: Nach Zustimmung der Ethikkommission und schriftlicher Einwilligung wurden 17 Patienten in die Studie eingeschlossen und ausgewertet. Nach der „up-and-down“-Methode von Dixon wurde die Konzentration von Propofol auf einen Wert eingestellt, bei dem die Hälfte der Patienten auf einen am Unterarm ausgelösten elektrischen Tetanus-Reiz (60 mA) mit einer gezielten motorischen Reaktion reagierten. Nach einer Kontrollmessung wurde die Konzentration von Propofol 15 min konstant gehalten. Danach wurde von einem „steady state“ ausgegangen und der Tetanusreiz wurde ausgelöst. Die Vorhersagefähigkeit der möglichen Narkosetiefe-parameter auf eine Bewegung wurde mit der „Prediction Probability“ (PK-Wert) ermittelt. Im zweiten Teil wurde der H-Reflex anhand der Doppelstimulation mit größer werdenden Interstimulusintervallen (50-8000 ms) untersucht. Ergebnisse: Die Wachwerte für die H-Reflexamplitude liegen bei 5,9 (± 3,8 SD) mV. Der von uns berechnete C50-Tetanus-Wert beträgt 4,5 ± 0,45 mg/l. Die PK-Werte 0,47 für den H-Reflex und 0,45 für die Herzfrequenz lassen nur zufällige Aussagen auf motorische Reaktionen zu. Die EEG-Parameter zeigen höhere PK-Werte: BIS (0,74), SE (0,73), RE (0,71). In diesem Bereich liegt auch der PK-Wert der Propofolzielkonzentration (0,76). Der Schmerzreiz beeinflusste weder die H-Reflexamplitude noch die EEG-Parameter. Bei der Doppelstimulation zeigte sich eine verzögerte Erholung des H-Reflexes unter Doppelstimulation, die am stärksten im Bereich der interkurrenten Fazilitation unter den Interstimulusabständen von 150 und 200 ms. Schlussfolgerung: Für die Vorhersage motorischer Reaktionen während Propofolmono-narkosen sind EEG-Parameter wie BIS, SE und RE etwas besser geeignet als der spinale H-Reflex. Dies steht im Gegensatz zu einer Untersuchung mit Sevofluran und wird auf die unterschiedlichen Wirkmechanismen von volatilen und intravenösen Anästhetika zurückgeführt. Die Unterdrückung der Erholungskurve des H-Reflexes unter Doppelstimula-tion, die vor allem im Bereich der interkurrenten Fazilitation stattfindet, ist möglicherweise durch eine Reduktion supraspinaler exzitatorischer Einflüsse zu erklären.
Introduction: The measurement of „depth of anaesthesia“ is mostly done by parameters of the electroencephalogram (EEG) which can predict hypnosis whereas the prediction of immobility is not possible with those parameters. A previous study has shown that the H-reflex amplitude can be used for monitoring of immobility during sevoflurane anaesthesia. This study examined whether the prediction of movement to painful stimulation is also possible during propofol anaesthesia on the basis of the H-reflex-amplitude compared with the EEG-parameters bispectral index (BIS), spectral entropy (SE) and response entropy (RE). Furthermore the influence of propofol on the H-reflex-recovery under double pulse stimulation was tested. Methods: After approval of the institutional review board and informed consent were obtained, 17 patients were included into this study. Using the “up-and down”-method the concentration of propofol was adjusted to the level where half of the patients do not move to painful stimulation (C50-tetanus-value). Propofol was administered after a baseline measurement. After at least 15 minutes of constant propofol concentration a "steady-state" was assumed and a painful electrical stimulation (tetanic stimulus of 60mA) was applied. To estimate and compare the predictive value of the parameters, prediction probability Pk was calculated. The H-reflex during double pulse stimulation was examined with interstimulus intervals ranging from 50 to 8000 ms. Results: At awake level, H-reflexes had a mean amplitude of 5.9 (+/- 3.8 SD) mV. The calculated C50-tetanus-value was 4.5 (+/- 0.45 SD) mg/l. With Pk-values of 0.47 for the H-reflex amplitude and 0.45 for the heart rate the prediction of movements is just by chance. The Pk-values of the EEG-parameters were higher: BIS (0.74), SE (0.73), RE (0.71). At this level was also the Pk-value of the propofol concentration (0.76). The painful stimulation influenced neither the H-reflex amplitude nor the EEG-parameters. The double pulse stimulation showed a delay in the H-reflex-recovery at interstimulus intervals of 150 and 200 ms. Conclusion: The prediction of movement during propofol anaesthesia is better using the EEG-parameters BIS, SE and RE compared to the H-reflex-amplitude. These results are in contrast to a previous study with sevoflurane which can be explained by the different molecular mechanisms of action of volatile and intravenous anaesthetics. The depression of the recovery-curve of the H-reflex under double pulse stimulation is possibly due to the reduction of supraspinal excitatory influences.

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Santos, Sandra Cássia Braga dos. "Efeito da raquianestesia com bupivacaína associada ou não à clonidina em gatas submetidas a ovariosalpingohisterectomia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10137/tde-06012015-092943/.

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O presente estudo comparou os efeitos da raquianestesia com o anestésico local bupivacaína isobárica a 0,5% isolado ou associado ao agonista alfa adrenérgico clonidina em gatas anestesiadas com propofol e isofluorano para realização de ovariosalpingohisterectomia. Trinta gatas foram pré-tratadas com meperidina; decorridos 15 minutos, a indução da anestesia foi realizada com propofol, seguido de isofluorano para manutenção anestésica. As gatas foram distribuídas em três grupos, onde receberam, na raquianestesia: solução fisiológica (GSF); bupivacaína isobárica (GB), ou bupivacaína isobárica e clonidina (GBC). Todos os animais foram submetidos a ovariosalpingohisterectomia. As frequências cardíaca e respiratória, pressão arterial e temperatura retal foram mensuradas durante todos os momentos de avaliação. Durante a anestesia, foram incluídas as análises da fração expirada de dióxido de carbono, fração expirada de isofluorano e saturação da oxihemoglobina periférica. A hemogasometria foi realizada previamente a raquianestesia a ao término do procedimento cirúrgico. O grau de sedação, foi analisado no período de recuperação com auxílio de escore A raquianestesia com bupivacaína e clonidina não promoveu alterações na frequência e ritmo cardíaco, pressão arterial nem depressão respiratória tendo em vista que os valores de frequência respiratória e fração expirada de dóxido de carbono permaneceram dentro dos valores fisiológicos. O emprego de bupivacaína isolada e em associação à clonidina promoveu redução da concentração expirada de isofluorano (respectivamente 63,5% e 70) quando comparados ao grupo controle. O uso de clonidina determinou sedação no período de recuperação. O uso da raquianestesia com bupivacaína isobárica a 0,5% isolada ou em associação à clonidina demonstrou boa estabilidade hemodinâmica e significativa diminuição no requerimento de anestésico geral; a clonidina potencializou o efeito da bupivacaína isobárica no momento cirúrgico e apresentou grau satisfatório de sedação no período pós operatório
This study compares effects of spinal anesthesia with isobaric bupivacaine at 0,5% either isolated or associated to clonidine administered to female cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy under the effect of propofol and isoflurane. Meperidine was administered to thirty female cats whose anesthetic induction was performed 15 minutes later with the help of propofol followed by isoflurane for maintenance of anesthesia. The female cats were split into three different groups which received one of the following substances each for spinal anesthesia: physiological saline solution (GSF); isobaric bupivacaine (GB); isobaric bupivacaine and clonidine (GBC). All thirty animals underwent ovariohysterectomy. Heart and respiratory rate, blood pressure and rectal temperature were measured throughout the procedures. Under anesthesia, the fraction of expired carbon dioxide, the fraction of expired isoflurane and the saturation of oxihemoglobin were analyzed. Arterial blood gasometry was performed before spinal anesthesia and after surgical procedures. The level of sedation was analyzed during recovery with the help of scores from Selmi et al. (2004) Spinal anesthesia associated to bupivacaine and clonidine did not alter the heart rate, blood pressure or respiratory depression once the respiratory rate numbers and the fraction of expired carbon dioxide numbers ranged within the normal physiological values. The use of bupivacaine, either isolated or associated to clonidine, led to the reduction of the concentration of expired isoflurane (63,5% and 70% respectively) when compared to the control group. The use of clonidine led to sedation during recovery. The use of spinal anesthesia combined with isobaric bupivacaine at 0,5%, isolated or associated to clonidine, demonstrated good hemodynamic stability and a significant decrease in the need of general anesthesia; clonidine optimized the effect of isobaric bupivacaine throughout surgical procedures and also showed a satisfactory level of sedation during the postoperative period

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Pereira, Ivan Dias Fernandes [UNESP]. "Complicações intra-operatórias das anestesias do neuroeixo realizadas de maio de 1990 a maio de 2008 na FMB-UNESP: análise retrospectiva." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97726.

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A anestesia regional (AR) apresenta vantagens quando comparada à anestesia geral, como determinação de menor morbidade e mortalidade, analgesia pós-operatória de melhor qualidade e menor tempo de internação hospitalar. Diversas complicações podem ser decorrentes dos bloqueios do neuroeixo, algumas de maior gravidade, como as infecções do sistema nervoso central, lesões neurológicas devidas a hematomas espinhais, toxicidade pelos anestésicos locais ou trauma direto, e outras menos graves, como hipotensão e bradicardia, até mesmo consideradas fisiológicas. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar as complicações intra-operatórias desencadeadas pelos bloqueios do neuroeixo, em pacientes com idades iguais ou superiores a 18 anos submetidos a procedimentos não obstétricos, em um período de 18 anos, em hospital de atendimento terciário – Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu- UNESP. A partir do banco de dados do departamento de anestesiologia (Microsoft Access), foi realizada análise retrospectiva, de maio de 1990 a maio de 2008, de todas as complicações relacionadas às anestesias do neuroeixo (anestesias subaracnóidea simples e contínua, peridural simples e contínua e duplo bloqueio – raqui-peridural). As complicações encontradas foram: hipoxemia, hipoventilação, hipertensão arterial, hipotensão arterial, bradicardia sinusal, taquicardia sinusal, agitação, cefaléia, convulsão, oligúria, reação vaso-vagal, falha de bloqueio, perfuração acidental da dura-máter, disritmias ventriculares, parada cardíaca e óbito. Estas foram correlacionadas com a técnica anestésica, estado físico descrito pela Sociedade Americana de Anestesiologia (ASA), idade, sexo e comorbidades pré-operatórias, como hipertensão arterial, disritmias atriais e ventriculares, obesidade...
The regional anesthesia (RA) presents advantages when compared to the general anesthesia, as determination of smaller morbidity and mortality, postoperative analgesia of better quality and smaller time of hospitalar internment. Several complications can be resulting from the neuraxial blockades, some of larger gravity, as the infections of the central nervous system, neurological lesions owed to spinal or epidural hematomas, toxicity due to the local anesthetics or direct trauma, and other less serious, as hypotension and bradycardia, even considered physiological. The goal of this research was to assess the intraoperative complications caused by the neuraxial blockades in patients 18 years of age or older not submitted to obstetrician procedures, during a period of 18 years, in a hospital with tertiary treatment – Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu – UNESP. Starting from the database (Microsoft Access) of the Anesthesiology Department, retrospective analysis was accomplished, from May 1990 to May 2008, of some of the complications related to the neuraxial anesthesias (spinal, continuous spinal, epidural, continuous epidural and combined spinal-epidural anesthesias). The found complications were: hypoxemia, hypoventilation, arterial hypertension, arterial hypotension, sinusal bradycardia and tachycardia, agitation, headache, convulsion, oliguria, vasovagal reaction, blockade failure, accidental perforation of the duramater, ventricular dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest and death. These were correlated with the anesthetic technique, physical state described by the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA), age, sex and preoperative comorbidities, as arterial hypertension, atrial and ventricular dysrhythmias, obesity, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure,... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Holmgren, Anniqa. "Att vara bedövad : – En pilotstudie om hur patienter erfar spinalanestesi." Thesis, Röda Korsets Högskola, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:rkh:diva-470.

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Bakgrund Knä- och höftplastikoperationer genomförs vanligtvis i spinalanestesi som är en säkrare behandling för patienten. En tredjedel av de patienter som ska genomgå spinalanestesi är mycket oroliga före operation. Få studier fokuserar på patienters upplevelser och erfarenheter av spinalanestesi. Syftet med studien var att undersöka patienters upplevelser av spinalanestesi Metod Studien har en kvalitativ ansats och datainsamling har skett med hjälp av sex semistrukturerade intervjuer. Ett bekvämlighetsurval gjordes av de patienter som fanns inbokade på en ortopedmottagning, våren 2012. Datamaterialet bearbetades och analyserades med en fenomenologisk tolkning av de fyra existentialerna rummet, kroppen, tiden och relationen. Resultatet Patienter beskrev att kroppen upplevdes som en maskindel som skulle repareras. Det var knappt märkbart att få ryggbedövning med ett stick i ryggen men att få flera stick upplevdes ge svåra smärtor. Att objektivera den egna kroppen genom att flytta in i sig själv, inte känna efter och överlämna kroppen i någon annans ansvar var strategier som användes. Att själv få välja att vara medveten om rummet och ha kontroll gjorde upplevelsen behaglig men att välja det omedvetna rummet var befriande för dem som upplevde situationen obehaglig. Trygghet upplevdes av en omhändertagande personal och känslan av att vara unik infann sig när patienter bekräftades med sitt namn. Otrygghet upplevdes då personalen inte informerade och kommunicerade vid bedövningen. Den objektiva tiden upplevdes utav några patienter som lät tiden ha sin gång. För andra blev upplevelsen av tiden mer svåruppfattad, den subjektiva tiden kändes kortare, längre eller inte alls. Slutsats Kroppen upplevdes utifrån och patienter objektiverade sina kroppar genom att överlämna och stänga av dem när de var bedövade. Det trygga rummet fanns i det fungerande sociala rummet och det otrygga rummet upplevdes när det sociala rummet var otillräckligt. Patienter valde själva det medvetna eller det icke medvetna rummet. Den levda tiden var svåruppfattad och upplevdes kortare, längre eller så fann sig patienterna i tiden. Klinisk betydelse Patienters upplevelser är en värdefull källa till kunskap för att personalen ska kunna förstå, utvärdera och utveckla vården för att kunna ge patienterna ett bättre omhändertagande.
Background Knee and hip replacement surgery usually carried out under spinal anaesthesia, which is a safer management of the patient. One third of the patients to undergo spinal anaesthesia are very anxious before surgery. Of the studies carried out so far, only a few have focused on patient’s experiences of spinal anaesthesia. The aim of the study was to investigate patients experiences of spinal anaesthesia. Method The study has a qualitative approach and data collection was performed using six semistructured interviews. A convenience sample was made using the patients who were scheduled for an orthopaedic reception, spring 2012. The data was processed and analyzed using a phenomenological interpretation of the four existentials lived space, lived body, lived time and lived human relation. Result Patients reported that the body was perceived as a piece of machinery to be repaired. It was barely noticeable to get an spinal anestheisa with a single injection in the back but getting additional injections was perceived as severe pain. Objectification of the body by moving in on itself, shutting out feelings and submit it to someone else's responsibility were strategies frequently used. To be able to chose if you want to be aware of the room and the surrounding environment to be in control, contributed to an over all comforting experience for patients that were confident with the situation. On the other hand, choosing the unaware state and not being aware of the environment resulted in a relief for patients that experienced their situation as discomforting. A patients perception of security was reinforced by caring health professionals and the feeling of being unique was confirmed when patients were called their names. The feeling of insecurity was reinforced by the lack of information to and communication with the patient during the anaesthetics. Some patients that put up with time passing experienced a correct clock time. For others, the difference between subjective and objective time was harder to perceive, the subjective time felt shorter, longer or not at all. Conclusion The body was perceived from the outside and patients objectified their bodies by handing them over and shut them down when they were anaesthetized. The safe room was in the functioning of social space and the room felt insecure when the social space was insufficient. Patients chose themselves the conscious or non-conscious room. The lived time was difficult to perceive. It was either shorter, longer or they found themselves patients in actual time. Clinical contribution Patients views will always be a valuable source of information from which health professionals can evaluate and develop their care.

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Cowan, Kirsten. "The Effect of Two Surgeons on Operative Time, Anesthesia Time, and Blood Loss in Pediatric Patients with Neuromuscular Scoliosis Undergoing Posterior Spinal Fusion Surgery." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/315824.

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A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.
Objective The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of using a two attending surgeon approach on operative time, anesthesia time, and estimated blood loss in patients with neuromuscular scoliosis undergoing posterior spinal fusion surgery. Methods This was a retrospective chart review study of patients with neuromuscular scoliosis who underwent posterior spinal fusion surgery at Phoenix Children’s Hospital in 2011 and 2012. Results Results from 70 patients showed a significant reduction in operative and anesthesia times for patients with two attending surgeons as opposed to one. Mean operative time for the two surgeon group was 3 hours 30 minutes (SD = 49 minutes) and was significantly shorter than 4 hours 26 minutes (SD = 1 hour 22 minutes), the mean operative time for the one surgeon group, t (56) =3.44, p = .001. Mean anesthesia time for the two surgeon group was 5 hours 28 minutes (SD = 55 minutes) and was significantly shorter than 6 hours 9 minutes (SD = 1 hour 28 minutes), the mean anesthesia time for the one surgeon group, t (57) = -2.34, p = .023. There was no significant difference in estimated blood loss found between the groups. The mean blood loss for the two surgeon group was 1202.1 ml( SD = 1033.1) versus 1042.1 ml (SD = 959.41) for the one surgeon group, t(68) = .671, p = .50. This pattern of results remained the same in subgroup analysis designed to compare cases with similar severity of presentation. Significance Patients with neuromuscular scoliosis may benefit from a two attending surgeon approach to posterior spinal fusion. More studies are needed to determine modifiable risk factors for excessive blood loss in neuromuscular scoliosis patients as well as to investigate the effect of using a two surgeon approach on specific post-operative complications.

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Lassas, Anna. ""LIA eller morfin spinalt vid primär total höftplastik". : en långtidsuppföljning av effekter för postoperativ smärta och mobilisering." Thesis, University of Gävle, University of Gävle, Department of Caring Sciences and Sociology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-5182.

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Vid operation av primär total höftplastik finns det olika metoder för postoperativ smärtlindring. En tidigare genomförd studie på ett mellansvenskt sjukhus (nedan kallad ”höftprojektet”) visade att ”Local infiltration analgesia” (LIA) initialt minskade postoperativ smärta, underlättade mobilisering samt förkortade vårdtiden, jämfört med spinalt morfin. I denna studie genomfördes en långtidsuppföljning av höftprojektet med mätningar efter 6 respektive 12 veckor. Studiegruppen hade fått LIA vid operationsslutet och kontrollgruppen spinalt morfin. Båda grupperna hade en spinal bedövning under operationen. Denna långtidsuppföljning genomfördes med hjälp av journalgranskning och hade en deskriptiv och jämförande design med en kvantitativ ansats. Studiegruppen bestod av 40 patienter och kontrollgruppen 11 patienter. Studerade variabler var smärta mätt genom Visuell Analog Skala (VAS), behov av analgetika och mobilisering. Resultatet visade att det inte fanns någon signifikant skillnad mellan de båda grupperna när det gäller mobilisering under ett längre perspektiv. Det fanns dock en signifikant skillnad när det gäller smärta efter 3 månader, då studiegruppen uppgav en lägre grad av smärta än kontrollgruppen.

There are several methods for postoperative pain treatment after primary total hip replacement. It was shown in a earlier study at a Swedish hospital (below named as "the hip project") that "Local infiltration analgesia" (LIA) decreased pain, facilitated early postoperative mobility and earlier discharge from the hospital, compared with spinally administered morphine. Present study is a long term follow up of the hip project with two measures at 6 and 12 weeks. The study group was given LIA towards the end of the operation while the control group were given spinal morphine at the induction. Both groups had spinal analgesia during the surgery. The long term follow up was conducted by a comparative design and the data was collected from the patient’s charts and files. The variables were pain measured by Visual Analogous Scale (VAS), need of pain relieves and general mobility. The study group contained of 40 patients and the control group of 11. The result relived no significant differences between the two groups regarding long term mobility. There was, however, a significant difference in pain after 12 weeks; the study group had less pain that the control group.

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Moroto, Denise. "A dexametasona administrada pela via subaracnoidea é toxica à medula espinal e meninges de coelhos?" Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153620.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Introdução: Dor perioperatória desencadeia resposta neuroendócrina ao estresse, responsável por efeitos adversos em vários órgãos e sistemas. Estratégias foram desenvolvidas para controle da dor e dessa resposta ao trauma, como a injeção de dexametasona, glicocorticoide de alta potência, no espaço peridural e subaracnoideo. Embora a injeção de corticosteroides no neuroeixo seja realizada com aparentes benefícios em seres humanos no contexto da dor aguda e crônica, a eficácia e segurança desse procedimento continuam discutíveis e alvo de controvérsia na literatura. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos histológicos que a dexametasona administrada no espaço subaracnoideo determina sobre o tecido nervoso da medula espinal e das meninges dos coelhos. Método: Após aprovação pela Comissão de Ética no Uso de Animais, 28 coelhos adultos jovens foram randomizados em dois grupos (G) experimentais com 14 animais cada: G1 recebeu solução salina a 0,9% pela via subaracnoidea e G2, dexametasona na dose de 0,37 mg.kg-1. Os animais foram mantidos em cativeiro por 21 dias, durante os quais se avaliou motricidade e sensibilidade dolorosa. Depois desse período, sob anestesia venosa, foram submetidos a sacrifício para retirada da porção lombar e sacral da medula espinal e das meninges para avaliação histológica pelo método de Hematoxilina-eosina (HE) e de marcação imuno-histoquímica para Proteína Glial Fibrilar Ácida (GFAP). Resultados: Todos os animais permaneceram sem alterações clínicas durante o período de cativeiro. Nenhum animal do G1 apresentou alterações histológicas à microscopia óptica. No G2, 13 animais exibiram infiltrado inflamatório linfoplasmocitário perivascular nos vasos das meninges, com ou sem acometimento também das meninges e do parênquima nervoso. Os animais do G2 também tiveram percentual de células marcadas pelo GFAP inferior aos do G1 (p<0,05). Conclusão: Neste modelo experimental em coelhos, a solução de dexametasona determinou alterações histológicas no tecido nervoso da medula espinal e, principalmente, nas meninges.
Background: Perioperative pain triggers neuroendocrine response to stress, responsible for adverse effects on various organs and systems. Strategies were developed to control pain and this response to trauma, such as the injection of dexamethasone, a high-potency glucocorticoid, into the epidural and subarachnoid space. Although corticosteroid spinal injection is performed with apparent benefits in humans in the context of acute and chronic pain, the efficacy and safety of this procedure remain controversial in the literature. The objective of this study was to evaluate the histological effects that dexamethasone administered into the subarachnoid space determines on the nervous tissue of the spinal cord and the meninges of rabbits. Methods: After approval by the animal research ethics committee, 28 young adult rabbits were randomized in two experimental groups (G) with 14 animals each: G1 received 0.9% saline solution into the intrathecal space and G2 received 0.37mg.kg-1 of dexamethasone by the same route. The animals were clinically evaluated for 21 days. After this period of observation, sacrifice was performed under intravenous anesthesia and then the lumbar and sacral portion of their spinal cords were removed for histological examination by Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Glial Fibrillary Acidic protein (GFAP) immunohistochemical staining. Results: All animals remained without clinical changes during the period of captivity. No histological changes were observed in G1 animals. In G2, 13 animals exhibited perivascular lymphoplasmocytic inflammatory infiltrate in the meninges vessels, with or without involvement of the meninges and the nervous parenchyma. G2 animals also showed lower percentage of GFAP stained cells than rabbits of G1 (p<0.05). Conclusion: In this experimental model, the dexamethasone solution determined histological changes in the nervous tissue of the spinal cord and, especially, the meninges of rabbits.
FAPESP: 2014/23740-2

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Yamaguchi, Eduardo Tsuyoshi. "Dosagens sanguíneas de ocitocina por enzimoimunoensaio após diferentes regimes de infusão de ocitocina em gestantes submetidas à cesariana eletiva com raquianestesia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5152/tde-20072011-150620/.

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INTRODUÇÃO: Apesar de ser a droga de primeira escolha na prevenção da hemorragia pós-parto, o uso da ocitocina em cesarianas permanece empírico. O objetivo deste estudo foi dosar a ocitocina sérica após a administração profilática de diferentes regimes de ocitocina em pacientes submetidas à cesariana eletiva. MÉTODOS: 30 pacientes que se apresentaram para cesariana eletiva foram randomizadas para receber ocitocina intravenosa, após o clampeamento do cordão umbilical, nos seguintes grupos: G1 (n=9): 10 UI de ocitocina infundidas em 30 minutos (0,33 UI/min), G2 (n=11): 10 UI de ocitocina infundidas em 3 minutos e 45 segundos (2,67 UI/min) e G3 (n=10): 80 UI de ocitocina infundidas em 30 minutos (2,67 UI/min). Este estudo foi encoberto para as pacientes e para os cirurgiões. A avaliação do tono uterino foi realizada pela equipe cirúrgica e a dosagem da concentração sérica de ocitocina foi feita pela técnica de enzimoimunoensaio (ELISA), antes da anestesia (T0) e nos tempos 5 (T5), 30 (T30) e 60 (T60) minutos após o início da infusão da ocitocina. RESULTADOS: Os níveis de ocitocina sérica (média ± erro padrão, ng/mL) foram semelhantes entre os grupos em T0 (0,062 ± 0,021; 0,039 ± 0,019 e 0,067 ± 0,041; respectivamente, p = 0,76) e em T60 (0,648 ± 0,257; 0,356 ± 0,257 e 0,683 ± 0,257; respectivamente, p = 0,58). G3 apresentou níveis maiores de ocitocina que G1 em T5 (3,651 ± 0,741 versus 0,709 ± 0,268; p = 0,01). Em T30, G3 apresentou níveis de ocitocina sérica maiores que G1 (6,190 ± 1,195 versus 1,174 ± 0,375; p < 0,01) e, também, que G2 (6,190 ± 1,195 versus 0,411 ± 0,206; p < 0,01). Os parâmetros hemodinâmicos foram semelhantes entre os grupos. O tono uterino foi considerado satisfatório em todos os intervalos estudados e não houve a necessidade de utilização de uterotônico complementar. CONCLUSÃO: Foram demonstradas dosagens séricas de ocitocina por ELISA em gestantes submetidas à cesariana eletiva. A administração de 80 UI de ocitocina em 30 minutos resulta em níveis séricos de ocitocina maiores que os outros dois métodos de administração aos 5 e 30 minutos, porém, estas concentrações não diferem aos 60 minutos
BACKGROUND: The use of oxytocin to prevent postpartum hemorrhage after elective cesarean delivery still remains empirical. The purpose of this study was to determine oxytocin serum levels following differents regimens of prophylactic oxytocin administration in pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean delivery. METHODS: 30 healthy pregnant patients were randomized to receive intravenous oxytocin, after clamping of the umbilical cord, into the following groups: G1 (n=9), 10 IU of oxytocin infused over 30 minutes (0.33 IU/min); G2 (n=11), 10 IU of oxytocin infused over 3 minutes and 45 seconds (2.67 IU/min) and G3 (n=10), 80 IU of oxytocin infused over 30 minutes (2.67 IU/min). Both patient and surgeon were blinded to the study group allocation. Uterine tone was assessed by palpation by the surgeon. Serum oxytocin concentration was determined by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) before anesthesia (T0) and at 5 (T5), 30 (T30) and 60 (T60) minutes following the start of oxytocin infusion. RESULTS: Serum oxytocin levels (mean ± standard error, ng/mL) were similar in the groups at T0 (0.062 ± 0.021, 0.039 ± 0.019 and 0.067 ± 0.041, respectively, P = 0.76), and T60 (0.648 ± 0.257, 0.356 ± 0.257 and 0.683 ± 0.257, respectively, P = 0.58). G3 presented higher serum oxytocin than G1 at T5 (3.651 ± 0.741 versus 0.709 ± 0.268, P = 0.01). At T30, serum oxytocin levels of G3 were higher than G1 (6.190 ± 1.195 versus 1.174 ± 0.375, P < 0.01) and also than G2 (6.190 ± 1.195 versus 0.411 ± 0.206, P < 0.01). Hemodynamic data were similar in all groups. Uterine tone was considered satisfactory in all intervals studied and no additional uterotonic agent was needed. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate serum oxytocin determinations by EIA in healthy pregnant women presented for elective cesarean delivery. Administering 80 IU in 30 min results in higher serum oxytocin levels at 5 and 30 min than the other two methods of oxytocin administration, but the concentrations did not differ at 60 min

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Santos, Flávia Maria Leite Virgínio dos. "Efeitos do parecoxibe subaracnoideo sobre a medula espinal e as meninges de coelhos." Botucatu, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153484.

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Orientador: Eliana Marisa Ganem
Resumo: Introdução: O parecoxibe, um pró-fármaco hidrolisado à valdecoxibe, é um antagonista da COX-2 com intensa atividade anti-inflamatória e analgésica. Embora muitos estudos tenham sido realizados indicando a eficácia dos antagonistas da COX em aliviar o processo da dor, quase nada foi estudado sobre a toxicidade desses fármacos no neuroeixo. Objetivos: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar os efeitos que diferentes doses de parecoxibe, administrado pela via subaracnoidea, em punção única, determinariam sobre a medula espinal e as meninges de coelhos. Metodologia: Após aprovação pela Comissão de Ética no Uso de Animais, 30 coelhos adultos jovens, da raça grupo genético de Botucatu, com pesos entre 2510 g e 3560 g, fornecidos pelo Biotério da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, foram randomizados em três grupos: grupo S – solução salina a 0,9%, grupo P4 – parecoxibe (dose: 4 mg) e grupo P8 – parecoxibe (dose: 8 mg). Após a anestesia intravenosa com xilazina e cetamina os animais foram submetidos à punção subaracnoidea guiada por ultrassom, com agulha de Quincke 25G, no espaço entre primeira e a segunda vértebras sacrais e realizada a injeção de uma das soluções previamente sorteadas em volume de 0,4 mL (10 µL por centímetro de medula espinal medida entre a base do crânio e o espaço lombossacral). Após a recuperação da anestesia e por 21 dias, os animais foram avaliados quanto à sensibilidade e à motricidade. Em seguida, foram sacrificados por decapitação e retiradas as porções lomb... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Background: Parecoxib, a pro-drug that is hydrolyzed to valdecoxib, is a COX-2 antagonist with strong anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. Although many studies have demonstrated the efficacy of COX antagonists in relieving pain, almost nothing is known about the toxicity of these drugs when administered into the neuraxis. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a single injection of different doses of parecoxib into the subarachnoid space on the spinal cord and meninges of rabbits. Methods: After approval by the Ethics Committee on Animal Use, 30 young adult rabbits of the Botucatu genetic group weighing 2,510 to 3,560 g, were randomized into three groups: group S - 0.9% saline; group P4 – parecoxib (dose: 4 mg); group P8 – parecoxib (dose: 8 mg). After intravenous anesthesia with xylazine and ketamine, the animals underwent ultrasound-guided subarachnoid puncture with a Quincke 25G needle in the space between the first and second sacral vertebrae and the injection of one of the previously established solutions was performed in a volume of 0.4 mL (10 µL per cm of spinal cord measured from the skull base to the lumbosacral space). After recovery from anesthesia, the animals were evaluated regarding sensitivity and motor function for 21 days. After this period, the animals were sacrificed by decapitation and the lumbar and sacral portions of the spinal cord and the roots of the cauda equina were removed for histological examination by light micros... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor

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Frans, L. J. "Comparison of the effect of co-administration of crystalloid versus colloid, with phenylephrine infusion for the prevention of hypotension from spinal anesthesia during elective caesarian section." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1082.

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Thesis (M Med (Anaesthesiology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2012.
Aim: To determine whether there is any difference when phenylephrine in-fusion is combined with either a crystalloid or a colloid in the prevention of symptomatic hypotension during spinal anaesthesia for caesarian section. Objectives: 1. To determine whether there is any difference in the total dose of phenylephrine needed to maintain normal blood pressure when crystalloid or a colloid is used. 2. To determine the number of women who develop symptoms (viz. dizziness, restlessness, nausea and vomiting) when phenylephrine infusion is combined with either a crystalloid or a colloid. 3. To determine the severity of symptoms in the phenylephrine plus crystalloid group versus the phenylephrine plus colloid group. 1 Sampling methods ,study designs and procedures Study design: A prospective, randomised, comparative study of women who had caesarian section under spinal anaesthesia was conducted. The aim was to determine whether giving a phenylephrine infusion plus a crys-talloid versus a phenylephrine infusion plus a colloid made a difference in the prevention of symptomatic hypotension. Sample criteria: Pregnant women undergoing caesarian section under spinal anaesthesia were selected and divided randomly into two groups; one to receive a phenylephrine infusion plus a crystalloid (group A), the other to receive a phenylephrine infusion plus a colloid (group B). Patients were excluded for the following reasons: 1. Absolute contra indications to spinal anaesthesia. 2. Emergency Caesarian section 3. Diabetes mellitus 4. Renal disease 2 Sample size: The necessary sample was determined to be 122 patients, each group having 61 patients. Procedures: Each patient received bupivacaine with dextrose (12.5 mg) plus sufentanyl 2.5μg intrathecally at L3-L4 intervertebral space. Patients in group A received 350ml of Ringer's Lactate over 15 minutes, started immediately after administration of anaesthesia, and 3ml of the same fluid for each 1ml of blood lost. Patients in group B received 150ml of Voluven (Hydroxyethyl starch 130/40) over 15 minutes, started immediately after administration of anaesthesia, and 1ml of the same fluid for each 1ml of blood lost. Each patient also received an infusion of phenylephrine (50μg/min), started within a minute of giving anaesthesia and stopped if the mean blood pressure exceeded the baseline by 20%. A 50ug bolus was given any time the mean blood pressure was 20% below the original. Non-invasive blood pressure measurements were taken every 2.5 minutes for 45 minutes. 3 At the end of the procedure patients were questioned for the following symptoms: dizziness, nausea, vomiting and restlessness (as observed by researcher).They were then classified as follows: asymptomatic, mildly symptomatic (symptoms discovered only on questioning), moderately symptomatic (patient complained about symptoms but not restless), or se-verely symptomatic (patient complained about symptoms and was rest-less). Statistical analysis The analysis was based on descriptive statistics with variables expressed as Mean± Standard deviation. Differences between the two groups were determined using the student t-test and conversion of the value of (t) to p-value. Differences were considered significant when the p-value was ≤ 0.05. Relational statistics were calculated using the Chi-Square analysis to reflect the association of the use of a crystalloid or colloid plus phe-nylephrine infusion, with prevention of hypotension during spinal anaesthe-sia for elective Caesarian section. 4 Results Blood pressure readings at the beginning and the end of measurement period were statistically similar between the two groups, suggesting equal effectiveness in maintaining blood pressure. The medians for the infused amounts and total amounts of phenylephrine were the same for both groups (2200μg).There was no statistically significant difference in the number of patients requiring rescue boluses of phenylephrine (p=0.52),nor was there a significant difference in the total amount of drug used as bo-lus(p=0.7).The majority of patients in both groups were asymptomatic(57% in group B and 69% in group A),with a p-value of 0.2. Most of these pa-tients experienced mild symptoms (63% in group A versus 64% in group B, p=0.8). Conclusion The results of this study suggest there is no added advantage in using a colloid co-administration with a phenylephrine infusion to prevent hypoten-sion during spinal anaesthesia for elective caesarian section. A crystalloid co-administration is equally effective.

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Silva, Ronaldo Antonio da. "A reação inflamatória nas meninges desencadeada pela punção subaracnoidea através da pele tatuada pode evoluir para aracnoidite adesiva?" Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/181803.

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Orientador: Eliana Marisa Ganem
Resumo: Justificativa e objetivo: Cada vez mais o anestesiologista se depara com a necessidade de decidir por realizar ou não bloqueio de neuroeixo através da pele tatuada, já que o número de pessoas com tatuagem tem aumentado. Neste estudo foi avaliado se a punção subaracnoidea sobre área tatuada provoca alterações inflamatórias agudas nas meninges e medula espinal e se pode evoluir para aracnoidite adesiva. Material e Método: 42 coelhos machos foram divididos, aleatoriamente, em 3 grupos de 14 animais: G1, punção subaracnoidea através de pele não tatuada e injeção de solução salina, cativeiro 30 dias; G2, punção subaracnoidea através de pele tatuada e injeção de solução salina, cativeiro 30 dias; G3, punção subaracnoidea através de pele tatuada e injeção de solução salina, cativeiro 360 dias. Os animais foram anestesiados com cloridrato de xilazina e cloridrato de cetamina e realizou se punção subaracnoidea, guiada por ultrassom, no espaço intervertebral entre S1 – S2, com injeção de solução salina 0,2mL. Após período de cativeiro os animais foram sacrificados, sob anestesia, por decapitação e a porção lombossacra da medula espinal foi removida para análise histológica. Resultados: Nenhuma alteração histológica foi encontrada nos animais do grupo 1. Onze animais do grupo 2 apresentaram focos de infiltrado inflamatório linfocitário perivascular na pia-máter e/ou aracnoide. No grupo 3, oito coelhos apesentaram infiltrado inflamatório linfocitário ou linfoplasmocitário perivascular e ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Background and Objectives: As the number of people with tattoos has been increasing, anesthesiologists are more and more faced with the decision to perform a neuraxial blockage through tattooed skin. In this study, we evaluated the possibility of puncture through tattooed skin determines acute inflammatory changes in the meninges and spinal cord and later evolve into adhesive arachnoiditis. Method: Forty-two male rabbits were randomized into 3 equal groups of 14: G1, spinal puncture through non-tattooed skin and saline solution injection; G2, spinal puncture through tattooed skin and saline solution injection, captive for 30 days; G3, spinal puncture through tattooed skin and saline solution injection, captive for 360 days. The animals were anesthetized and ultrasound-guided spinal puncture was performed in the intervertebral spaces between S1–S2. During the period of captivity, the animals were clinically assessed for sensitivity and motor function. After that, they were sacrificed and the lumbosacral portion of the spinal cord was excised for histological analysis. Results: No histological changes were found on group 1. Eleven animals from group 2 presented with foci of perivascular lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate in the pia mater and/or arachnoid. In Group 3, 8 rabbits presented with inflammatory changes in the meninges, which were associated with thickening and/or adhesion of the pia mater and arachnoid in some cases and 5 rabbits presented only thickening of pia-mate... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor

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Pereira, Ivan Dias Fernandes. "Complicações intra-operatórias das anestesias do neuroeixo realizadas de maio de 1990 a maio de 2008 na FMB-UNESP : análise retrospectiva /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97726.

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Orientador: Eliana Marisa Ganem
Banca: Yara Marcondes Machado Castiglia
Banca: Flora Margarida Barra Bisinotto
Resumo: A anestesia regional (AR) apresenta vantagens quando comparada à anestesia geral, como determinação de menor morbidade e mortalidade, analgesia pós-operatória de melhor qualidade e menor tempo de internação hospitalar. Diversas complicações podem ser decorrentes dos bloqueios do neuroeixo, algumas de maior gravidade, como as infecções do sistema nervoso central, lesões neurológicas devidas a hematomas espinhais, toxicidade pelos anestésicos locais ou trauma direto, e outras menos graves, como hipotensão e bradicardia, até mesmo consideradas fisiológicas. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar as complicações intra-operatórias desencadeadas pelos bloqueios do neuroeixo, em pacientes com idades iguais ou superiores a 18 anos submetidos a procedimentos não obstétricos, em um período de 18 anos, em hospital de atendimento terciário - Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu- UNESP. A partir do banco de dados do departamento de anestesiologia (Microsoft Access), foi realizada análise retrospectiva, de maio de 1990 a maio de 2008, de todas as complicações relacionadas às anestesias do neuroeixo (anestesias subaracnóidea simples e contínua, peridural simples e contínua e duplo bloqueio - raqui-peridural). As complicações encontradas foram: hipoxemia, hipoventilação, hipertensão arterial, hipotensão arterial, bradicardia sinusal, taquicardia sinusal, agitação, cefaléia, convulsão, oligúria, reação vaso-vagal, falha de bloqueio, perfuração acidental da dura-máter, disritmias ventriculares, parada cardíaca e óbito. Estas foram correlacionadas com a técnica anestésica, estado físico descrito pela Sociedade Americana de Anestesiologia (ASA), idade, sexo e comorbidades pré-operatórias, como hipertensão arterial, disritmias atriais e ventriculares, obesidade... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The regional anesthesia (RA) presents advantages when compared to the general anesthesia, as determination of smaller morbidity and mortality, postoperative analgesia of better quality and smaller time of hospitalar internment. Several complications can be resulting from the neuraxial blockades, some of larger gravity, as the infections of the central nervous system, neurological lesions owed to spinal or epidural hematomas, toxicity due to the local anesthetics or direct trauma, and other less serious, as hypotension and bradycardia, even considered physiological. The goal of this research was to assess the intraoperative complications caused by the neuraxial blockades in patients 18 years of age or older not submitted to obstetrician procedures, during a period of 18 years, in a hospital with tertiary treatment - Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP. Starting from the database (Microsoft Access) of the Anesthesiology Department, retrospective analysis was accomplished, from May 1990 to May 2008, of some of the complications related to the neuraxial anesthesias (spinal, continuous spinal, epidural, continuous epidural and combined spinal-epidural anesthesias). The found complications were: hypoxemia, hypoventilation, arterial hypertension, arterial hypotension, sinusal bradycardia and tachycardia, agitation, headache, convulsion, oliguria, vasovagal reaction, blockade failure, accidental perforation of the duramater, ventricular dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest and death. These were correlated with the anesthetic technique, physical state described by the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA), age, sex and preoperative comorbidities, as arterial hypertension, atrial and ventricular dysrhythmias, obesity, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure,... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Campos, Guilherme Oliveira. "Ensaio clínico randomizado comparando palonosetrona com ondansetrona para profilaxia de náuseas e vômitos após histerectomia abdominal sob raquianestesia com morfina." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152451.

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Introdução: histerectomia abdominal é cirurgia amplamente realizada no mundo, e raquianestesia com adição de morfina é considerada a técnica anestésica de escolha devido a melhor qualidade de recuperação e adequado controle da dor pós-operatória. No entanto, náuseas e vômitos pós-operatórios (NVPO) são problemas frequentes quando morfina é utilizada no neuroeixo. Palonosetrona é um antagonista serotoninérgico potente e com longa duração de ação, efetivo na prevenção de NVPO após anestesia geral. O seu efeito após anestesia no neuroeixo ainda não foi estabelecido. Nós comparamos palonosetrona com ondansetrona para profilaxia de NVPO quando raquianestesia com morfina foi usada em pacientes com alto risco para NVPO. A hipótese é que a palonosetrona promove melhor controle de NVPO quando comparada com ondansetrona nesse contexto. Métodos: após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, foram incluídas no estudo 140 pacientes elegíveis para histerectomia abdominal sob raquianestesia com adição de morfina. Todas receberam anestesia subaracnóidea com administração de 15 mg de bupivacaína hiperbárica e 0,1 mg de morfina. Dexametasona 8 mg foi administrada por via endovenosa em todas as pacientes como uma abordagem multimodal para prevenção de NVPO. As pacientes foram divididas aleatoriamente em dois grupos para receber 0,075 mg de palonosetrona ou 4 mg de ondansetrona antes do início da cirurgia. O desfecho primário avaliado foi a incidência global de NVPO nas 48h após a cirurgia. Adicionalmente, náuseas e vômitos foram analisados separadamente, e classificados como eventos precoces (≤ 6h) ou tardios (> 6h). Questionários foram aplicados para determinar a ocorrência de NVPO clinicamente importante, e satisfação geral. Resultados: a incidência global de NVPO foi de 42,9% no grupo palonosetrona e 52,9% no grupo ondansetrona (p = 0,23). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante na incidência de náusea precoce (21,4% vs 27,1%, p = 0,43), náusea tardia (30% vs 35,7%, p = 0,47), ou vômito precoce (14,3% vs 20%, p = 0,37) entre os dois grupos. A ocorrência de vômitos tardios foi significativamente menor no grupo palonosetrona (11,4% vs 27,1%, p = 0,018). NVPO clinicamente importante teve uma baixa incidência nos dois grupos (2,8% vs 5,7%, p > 0.05), e não houve diferença na satisfação dos pacientes. Conclusão: palonosetrona não reduz a incidência global de NVPO em comparação com ondansetrona, mas reduz a incidência de vômitos tardios após histerectomia abdominal sob raquianestesia e morfina subaracnóidea.

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Junior, José Carlos Bonjorno. "Estudo das repercussões hemodinâmicas através da cardioimpedância durante o uso de metilmetacrilato em cirurgia de artroplastia de quadril sob raquianestesia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/82/82131/tde-28112013-090529/.

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O envelhecimento promove o aparecimento de doenças crônicodegenerativas, entre elas a osteoartrose. Artroplastia Total de Quadril (ATQ) tem sido procedimento comumente frequentemente com uso de cimento ósseo metilmetacrilato (MTC). Por outro lado, importantes alterações hemodinâmicas são descritas durante o procedimento de cimentação. A raquianestesia é um procedimento anestésico que produz menores efeitos hemodinâmicos e melhor analgesia pós-operatória em comparação a anestesia geral para a ATQ. Entretanto, especificamente neste procedimento cirúrgico tais alterações permanecem a ser investigadas. Buscamos avaliar os efeitos hemodinâmicos através da técnica de cardioimpedância em pacientes idosos submetidos à cirurgia de ATQ com o uso de MTC e raquianestesia. Utilizamos um estudo transversal, observacional, comparativo, inter-metodológico e com intervenção ativa. Método: Doze pacientes de ambos os sexos, > 65 anos, com indicação ortopédica para ATQ foram estudados. Os sujeitos receberam avaliação pré-anestésica e realizaram exames laboratoriais préoperatórios. Foram submetidos à cirurgia de ATQ com utilização de raquianestesia e implante de cimento de MTC. Os pacientes foram monitorados hemodinamicamente por meio da cardiografia de impedância, da saturação de oxigênio e pressão arterial, no intra-operatório, no momento acordado, durante a indução anestésica, na colocação do MTC e após este procedimento. Após a expansão volêmica observamos que houve aumento do DC quando comparado a raquianestesia, cimentação, inserção, redução da prótese e ao final da cirurgia (P<0,05). Tais resultados foram de certa forma, atenuados na presença de efedrina. No entanto, o VS sofreu alterações nos eventos supracitados na presença ou não da droga. Por outro lado, a FC, o IC e a RVS sofreu poucas alterações durante os eventos estudados. O DC, IC e o VS se correlacionaram com a massa corporal (r = 0,81, 0,60 e 0,67 respectivamente), o VS se correlacionou negativamente com a idade (r = -0.67), o IC se correlacionou negativamente com a classe funcional pela NYHA (r = -0,61) e o DC se correlacionou positivamente com a quantidade de efedrina administrada (r = 0,70). Conclusão: O procedimento cirúrgico de ATQ com MTC sob raquianestesia produz alterações hemodinâmicas e a cardioimpedância foi um instrumento útil para guiar os procedimentos e conduta do intraoperatório, configurando-se como uma técnica interessante para monitorização não invasiva.
Aging promotes the onset of chronic diseases, including osteoarthritis. Hip arthroplasty procedure has been commonly often the use of methylmethacrylate bone cement (MMA) has been used in the surgical procedure. On the other hand, significant hemodynamic changes are described in the cementation procedure. Spinal anesthesia is an anesthetic that produces less hemodynamic effects and better postoperative analgesia compared to general anesthesia for surgery arthroplasty. However, this particular surgical procedure (hip arthroplasty) such changes remain to be investigated. To evaluate the hemodynamic effects through cardioimpedance technique in elderly patients undergoing surgery for hip arthroplasty with the use of MMA for prosthetic hip and spinal. Twelve patients of both sexes, > 65 years, with orthopedic indication for hip arthroplasty were studied. The subjects received preanesthetic evaluation and underwent preoperative laboratory. From then underwent surgery for hip arthroplasty with use of spinal anesthesia and MMA cement. Patients were haemodynamically monitored by impedance cardiography, oxygen saturation and blood pressure intraoperative, when awake, during anesthesia induction, installing the MMA cement and after this procedure. After volume expansion, we observed that there was increase in CO when compared to spinal anesthesia, cementing, insertion, and reduction of the prosthesis at surgery (P<0.05). These results were somewhat attenuated in the presence of ephedrine. However, the SV underwent changes at aforementioned event on the presence or not of drugs. On the other hand, HR, CI and SVR has a few changed during the studied event. The CO, CI and the SV was correlated with body mass (r = 0.81, 0.60 and 0.67 respectively), SV was negatively correlated with age (r = -0.67), the CI was negatively correlated with NYHA functional class (r = -0.61) and CO was positively correlated with the amount of ephedrine administered (r = 0.70).Conclusion: The surgical procedure for hip arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia with MMA produces haemodynamic changes and cardioimpedance was a useful tool to guide the procedures and conduct of the intraoperative considering as interesting technique for noninvasive monitoring.

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Mondino, Ludimila Nunes Zini. "Avaliação do risco de hipotensão arterial durante a indução de raquianestesia em pacientes tratados cronicamente com fármacos antihipertensivos." Niterói, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/3294.

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A Raquianestesia com bupivacaína isobárica 0,5% (BP) é amplamente utilizada para cirurgia ortopédica de artroplastia primária de quadril (AQ), e a hipotensão Arterial é uma das complicações mais freqüentes desta técnica. O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar a incidência de hipotensão arterial em pacientes submetidos à AQ e identificar fatores de risco independentes associados ao aumento da incidência de hipotensão após a indução da raquianestesia. Estudo de caso-controle, realizado com a análise de 937 (100%) registros de anestesia de pacientes de ambos os sexos, com uso de BP e idade igual ou superior a 40 anos. De acordo com os critérios pré-definido de "hipotensão arterial" (diminuição da pressão arterial média (PAM) maior que 30% do valor da PAM na pré-indução ou quando a PAM for inferior a 70mmHg), o evento foi detectado em 35,3% (n = 284) dos pacientes incluídos na análise. O risco relativo para hipotensão em pacientes que usam inibidores da ECA ou diuréticos é de 1,66 e 1,63 vezes, respectivamente. Por análise multivariada, idade (OR-1,034), hipertensão arterial (OR-2,44) e / ou diabetes melittus (OR- 17,14) foram independentemente associados com a ocorrência de hipotensão durante a indução da raquianestesia.
Spinal anesthesia with isobaric bupivacaine 0,5% (BP) is widely used for orthopedic surgery of primary hip arthroplasty (AQ), and the hypotension is one of the most frequent complications of this technique. The goal of this study was to quantify the incidence of hypotension in patients undergoing AQ and identify independent risk factors associated with increased incidence of hypotension after induction of anesthesia. Case-Control study was conducted, with the analysis of 937 (100%) anesthesia records of patients of both sexes, use of BP and age equal or greater than 40 years. According to the predefined criteria of "hypotension" (decrease > 30% of Mean arterial blood preassure (MAP) in the pre-induction or when MAP <70 mmHg), the event was detected in 35.3% (n = 284) of the patients included in the analysis. The relative risk for hypotension in patients who use ACE inhibitors or diuretics is 1.66 and 1.63 times respectively. By multivariate analysis, age (OR-1,034), hypertension (OR-2,44) and/or presence of diseases diabetes (OR-17,14) were independently associated with the occurrence of hypotension during induction of anesthesia.

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Hamaji, Adilson. "Estudo prospectivo randomizado comparando duas técnicas de expansão volêmica em cirurgia de artroplastia total de quadril: hidroxietilamido (130/0,4) e Ringer lactato." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5152/tde-27082009-154106/.

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Introdução: Os hidroxietilamidos (HES) são considerados expansores plasmáticos efetivos em pacientes submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos de grande porte. Entretanto, seu uso clínico é limitado principalmente por sua interferência na hemostasia, representada por alterações da função plaquetária e na coagulação. A extensão dessas alterações está relacionada ao seu ipeso molecular ou à sua substituição molar. Este estudo clínico, foi realizado durante cirurgia de artroplastia de quadril em pacientes adultos para comparar os efeitos do HES (130/0,4) e a solução de Ringer lactato em relação ao sangramento intra-operatório, parâmetros hemodinâmicos, alterações na coagulação, necessidade de transfusões e resultados clínicos. Métodos: Quarenta e oito pacientes candidatos à cirurgia de artroplastia total de quadril sob anestesia subaracnoidea foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos 24 pacientes foram selecionados para receber HES (30 ml/kg após anestesia) e 24 pacientes para receber solução de Ringer lactato (30ml/kg). O período de observação teve início após a indução da anestesia e terminou 5 horas após o termino do procedimento cirúrgico. Durante esse período o critério para a infusão de doses adicionais de fluido (10ml/kg de Solução de Ringer lactato para ambos os grupos) foi pressão arterial sistólica inferior a 90 mmHg e/ou um decréscimo de 20% da pressão arterial inicial, frequência cardíaca acima de 100 bpm, e/ou débito urinário menor de 0,4ml/kg/h. Vasopressor foi utilizado nos casos em que a hipotensão persistiu, após a reposição de volume. Transfusão de concentrado de hemácias foi administrada nos pacientes que se mantiveram instáveis hemodinamicamente após bolus adicionais de Ringer lactato ou vasopressor, Parâmetros hemodinâmicos foram mensurados em três períodos da cirurgia; dados bioquímicos foram coletados e testes da coagulação realizados e comparados. Os pacientes foram acompanhados durante sua internação hospitalar. Resultados: Os grupos foram uniformes em relação aos dados demográficos, tipo e duração da cirurgia, assim como a doenças pré-existentes. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas em relação aos parâmetros hemodinâmicos ou temperatura corporal durante o estudo. Os testes de coagulação, função plaquetária, análise de gases sanguíneos e dados bioquímicos mostraramse semelhantes entre os grupos. Perdas sanguíneas foram significativamente maiores no grupo HES (1296x890,p=0,04), necessitou de menos unidades de concentrado de hemácias durante o período observacional (17%versus46%, p=0,029) apresentou menores taxas de infecção (0 versus 4 ,p<0,03), comparado ao grupo Ringer lactato. Conclusões: Em cirurgia de artroplastia total de quadrill, a hemodiluição com hidroxietilamido resultou em maiores taxas de sangramento, menos transfusões sanguíneas e menos infecção pós-operatória.
Introduction: Hydroxyethyl starches (HES) are considered effective plasma expanders in patients undergoing major surgeries. However, the clinical use of HES is limited mainly by their affection of hemostasis, detectable by impaired platelet function and altered coagulation. The extent of such alteration has classically been related to the molecular weight or molar substitution of the used HES solution. This prospective, randomized study was performed during hip arthroplasty in adult patients under spinal anesthesia to compare the effects of HES 130/0.4 with lactateds Ringer solution regarding intraoperative bleeding, hemodynamic parameters, coagulation profile, transfusion requirements and clinical outcomes. Methods: Forty eight patients scheduled to hip arthroplasty after spinal anesthesia were randomized in two groups 24 patients were allocated to receive HES 130/0.4 (30 ml/Kg just after anesthesia) and 24 patients were signaled to receive lactateds Ringer solution (30 ml/Kg). The observational period started after the induction of anesthesia and finished 5 hours after the end of the surgery. During this period, the triggers for infusion of additional boluses of fluids (10 ml/Kg of lactateds Ringer for both groups) were a systolic blood pressure lower than 90 mmHg and/or a decrease of 20% from baseline, a heart rate higher than 100 bpm, and/or a urine output lower than 0.4 ml.Kg-1.h-1. Vasopressors were used if there was persistent hypotension despite of fluid reposition. Red blood cell transfusion was administered if patient remained unstable despite of additional boluses of Ringer or vasopressors, according to the preestablished triggers. Hemodynamic measurements were done in three periods of the surgery, biochemical parameters were analyzed and coagulation tests were performed and compared between groups. After surgery, patients were followed during the hospital stay. Results: The groups were well matched regarding demographic data, type of surgery, and duration of surgery, as well as preexisting diseases. No significant differences in hemodynamic or body temperature were seen during the study. Coagulation variables, platelet function, gases analysis and biochemical parameters were not different between groups. Blood losses were significantly higher in HES 130/0.4 group comparing to Ringers group (1296 x 890 ml, p= 0.046). Despite of that, HES group required less units of blood in the observational period comparing to Ringer group (17% versus 46%, p=0.029). HES group presented lower infection rate compared to Ringer group (0 versus 4 cases, p=0.03). Conclusions: During hip arthroplasty, hemodilution with hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 resulted in higher rates of bleeding. However, patients treated with hydroxyethyl starch required less transfusion and presented lower rate of infection.

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Cançado, Thais Orrico de Brito. "Avaliação de dor crônica pós-cesariana. Influência da técnica anestésico-cirúrgica e da analgesia pós-operatória." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5152/tde-20052013-154715/.

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INTRODUÇÃO: O Brasil ocupa o primeiro lugar entre os países com maiores taxas de cesariana no mundo. Pouco se sabe a respeito das consequências futuras deste procedimento, sobre a saúde materna. Este estudo investigou a influência da técnica anestésico-cirúrgica e analgesia pós-operatória, no aparecimento de dor crônica após a cesariana. Procuramos também identificar os fatores de risco de dor crônica pós-cesariana. MÉTODO: Este estudo prospectivo com distribuição aleatória foi conduzido em 443 pacientes que foram submetidas à cesariana (eletivas e emergenciais), com diferentes doses de bupivacaína 0,5% hiperbárica e opioides na raquianestesia, bem como uso de anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais peri-operatório. Os grupos foram: G8SMA- 8 mg bupivacaína hiperbárica + 2,5 mcg sufentanil + 100 mcg morfina; G10SMA- 10 mg bupivacaína hiperbárica + 2,5 mcg sufentanil + 100 mcg morfina; G12,5MA- 12,5 mg bupivacaína hiperbárica + 100 mcg morfina; G15MA- 15 mg bupivacaína hiperbárica + 100 mcg morfina; G12,5M - 12,5 mg bupivacaína hiperbárica + 100 mcg morfina. Somente as pacientes do grupo G12,5M não receberam AINE no peri-operatório. Dor em repouso e em movimento foram avaliadas no pós-operatório imediato. Fatores peri-operatórios, cirúrgicos e obstétricos foram investigados. Contato telefônico foi realizado, após três e seis meses do procedimento cirúrgico, para identificação das pacientes com dor crônica. RESULTADOS: A incidência de dor crônica nos grupos foi: G8SMA= 20%, G10SMA= 13%; G12,5MA= 7,1%; G15MA= 2,2% e G12,5M= 20,3%. Pacientes que apresentaram escores de dor mais elevados no período pós- operatório imediato, que referiram doenças crônicas em tratamento, que apresentaram maior tempo em trabalho de parto sem analgesia, tiveram maior incidência de dor crônica (p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: A incidência de dor crônica diminui com emprego de doses maiores de anestésicos locais e uso de anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais. Escores mais elevados de dor no período pós-operatório imediato tiveram associação com aparecimento de dor crônica após a cesariana. Os fatores de risco encontrados foram: doença crônica em tratamento, maior tempo em trabalho de parto sem analgesia e escores de dor elevados no pós- operatório imediato
INTRODUCTION: Brazil holds first place in cesarean section rate in the world. Little is known about the consequences upon maternal health. This study investigated the influence of anesthetic, surgical techniques and postoperative analgesia on chronic pain after cesarean section. We also tried to identify risk factors for chronic pain after cesarean section. METHODS: A prospective randomized study was conducted among 443 patients who underwent elective or emergency cesarean section with different doses of hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% and opioids in spinal anesthesia, associated or not to non steroidal anti-inflamatory drugs. The groups were: G8SMA- 8mg hyperbaric bupivacaine + 2.5 mcg sufentanil + 100 mcg morphine; G10SMA- 10 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine + 2.5 mcg sufentanil + 100 mcg morphine; G12.5MA- 12.5 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine + 100 mcg morphine; G15MA- 15 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine + 100 mcg morphine; G12.5M- 12.5 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine + 100 mcg morphine (only in this group, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug was not used). Pain at rest and during movement were evaluated on the first two postoperative days using the verbal numerical rating scale. Perioperative, surgical and obstetric factors were investigated. Phone survey was conducted after three and six months to identify patients with chronic pain RESULTS: Incidences of chronic pain in groups were: G8SMA= 20%, G10SMA= 13%; G12.5MA= 7.1%; G15MA= 2.2% and G12.5M= 20.3 %. Patients with co-morbidities, and who had been more than 15 hours in labor before the cesarean (without analgesia) had more chance to have chronic pain than those who did not have pain. Patients who had higher pain scores on the two postoperative days were associated to chronic pain (p<0.05).!! CONCLUSION: The incidence of chronic pain decreases with higher doses of local anesthetic and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Patients who had higher pain scores in the immediate postoperative period were more likely to develop chronic pain. The only predictors of chronic pain were: previous history of disease, longer time in labor, intensity of postoperative pain and the use of lower doses of local anesthetic in spinal anesthesia

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Bedin, Antonio. "A duloxetina como analgésico reduz o consumo de opioides após cirurgia de coluna, estudo duplo encoberto, aleatório e controlado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5152/tde-04012018-093145/.

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Introdução: a analgesia multimodal é amplamente usada para o controle da dor perioperatória em um esforço para reduzir o uso de opioides. A duloxetina é um inibidor seletivo da recaptação da serotonina e noradrenalina com eficácia para estados de dor crônica. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia de duas doses orais de 60 mg de duloxetina em termos de consumo de fentanil durante o período pós-operatório em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia eletiva de artrodese de coluna lombar. Método: este estudo foi um ensaio clínico prospectivo, duplo encoberto, aleatório e controlado com placebo. Os pacientes receberam 60 mg de duloxetina ou placebo idêntico uma hora antes da cirurgia e 24 horas depois. Os sujeitos do estudo foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo C (controle) de indivíduos que receberam o placebo; e grupo D (duloxetina) de indivíduos que receberam 60 mg de duloxetina. O consumo total de fentanil administrado pelo próprio paciente em 24 e 48 horas após a cirurgia foi mensurado. Os desfechos secundários foram os escores de dor e a presença ou ausência de efeitos adversos, tais como cefaleia, náuseas, vômitos, prurido, tonturas e sonolência. Resultados: as características demográficas não diferiram entre os grupos. Houve uma diferença significativa no consumo de fentanil nas primeiras 24 horas entre os grupos C e D (diferença média, 223,11 ± 39,32 ?g; p < 0,001). O consumo de fentanil também diferiu entre os grupos C e D após 48 horas (diferença média, 179,35 ± 32,55 ug; p < 0,00). Os escores de dor em mais de 48 horas não diferiram significativamente entre os grupos. A incidência de efeitos colaterais foi semelhante nos dois grupos. Conclusão: a duloxetina foi associada à redução do consumo de fentanil no pós-operatório de cirurgias sobre a coluna lombar, portanto, sendo eficaz como adjuvante para a analgesia pós-operatória e redução do consumo de opioides
Background: Multimodal analgesia is widely advocated for the control of perioperative pain in an effort to reduce the use of opioids. Duloxetine is a selective serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor with efficacy for chronic pain states. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two oral doses of 60 mg duloxetine in terms of fentanyl submitted to elective lumbar spine arthrodesis surgery. Method: This study was prospective, double blind, randomized, and placebo controlled clinical trial. Patients received duloxetine 60 mg or identical placebo one hour before surgery and 24 hours later. The study subjects were divided into two groups: group C (control) of subjects who received placebo; and group D (duloxetine) from subjects received 60 mg. The total fentanyl consumption by the patient himself at 24 and 48 hours after surgery was measured. Secondary outcomes were pain scores and the presence or absence of adverse effects such as headache, nausea, vomiting, pruritus, dizziness and drowsiness. Results: Demographic characteristics did not differ between groups. There was a significant difference in fentanyl consumption in the first 24 hours between groups C and D (mean difference, 223.11 ± 39.32 ?g; p < 0.001). Fentanyl consumption also differed between groups C and D after 48 hours (mean difference, 179.35 ± 32.55 ?g; p < 0.00). Pain scores in more than 48 hours did not differ significantly between groups. The incidence of side effects was similar in both groups. Conclusion: Duloxetine was associated with reduction of fentanyl consumption in the postoperative period of surgeries on the lumbar spine, therefore, it was effective as adjuvant for postoperative analgesia and reduction of opioid consumption

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Mertin, Susan Lori. "Perioperative outcome evaluation of total spinal anesthesia combined with intrathecal morphine and general anesthesia versus general anesthesia for cardiac surgery." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/20867.

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Shih, Su-Mei, and 施素梅. "Evaluating the Effects of a pre-Anesthesia EducationProgram for Spinal Surgery Patients With General Anesthesia." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09162123819041537763.

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碩士
臺北醫學大學
護理學系
92
Health education is one of an important task for nurses, and to be thought as a cost-effective intervention program. However, if patients could obtain related information and receive appropriate nursing education before surgery, not only anxiety can be reduced, but also made operation completed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a pre-anesthesia education program for spinal surgery patients with general anesthesia by ward nurses or anesthesia nurses. The design was two groups pre-test and post-test comparison. Subjects were chosen from a region medical teaching hospital in middle of Taiwan and randomly assigned to experimental or control group, 33 for the experimental group and 32 for the control group. Data were collected from February of 2004 to April of 2004. Costs, level of anxiety, blood pressure, respiration rate, and heart rate, patient satisfaction between two groups were compared. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square, t-test, paired t-test, and Pearson’s correlation. The results were as follows: 1).For the demographic of the subjects, 35 were males (53.8%)，30 were females (46.2%). Twenty subjects (30.8%) were elementary graduates. Patients with no previous surgery experience were the most (n= 37; 56.9%). However, no significant differences were founbetween these two groups in three variables (p=.540; p=.542; p=.886, respectively). 2). For the nurses’ labor costs, NT$ 44.95 was for the experimental group, NT$54.48 for the control group. For the hypertensive medication costs, NT$ 3.21 was for the experimental group, NT$101.38 for the control group. For the hospitalization costs, 11.27 days (NT$25,035.84) were found for the experimental group, 12.19 days (NT$27,011.14) for the control group. The total costs (labor costs + hypertensive medication costs+ hospitalization costs) were NT$25,084 for the experimental group and NT$27,167 for the control group. But, no significant difference was found between these two groups. 3). The average different scores of the anxiety before and after education, 0.94 points for the experimental group and 0.16 points for the control group and a significant difference was found (p=.000). 4). There was significant difference between these two groups in the changes of blood pressure, respiration rate, and heart rate. (p=.006; p=.002; p=.005; p=.009, respectively). 5. For the patient satisfaction, the average scores were 47.67 points (total scores equal to 52 points) for the experimental group and 40.88 points for the control group and a significant difference was found (p=.000). The findings indicate that pre-surgery education should be performed by anesthetic nurses in order to decrease the labor and medication costs, to reduce patient’s anxiety, and to improve patient satisfaction. Hence, extending pre-surgery education by anesthetic nurses is needed to improve the quality of patient care and to reduce patient’s anxiety. Key words: Spinal surgery patient, Pre-anesthesia education program, General anesthesia.

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Chen, Li-Hsing, and 陳麗幸. "A Study of Elderly Spinal Anesthesia Risk Model Development." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14318639331424828298.

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碩士
長榮大學
醫務管理學研究所
96
Abstract The aging of population is a focus of global medical care policy. The use of spinal anesthesia in elderly patients has been advocated. In Taiwan, there are 2,312,359 elderly people that occupy 10.09% of the total population. This number is expected to go beyond 21.45% in 2 decades. There appear to be a future trend in the rise of number of elderly patients receiving anesthesia and surgery. Aging increases the risk by 1.42 folds per decade. The multiple risk factors include the influence of aging on drug pharmacokinetics, hemodynamics, physiological status and history of diseases. Although spinal anesthesia and central neuraxial blockade in elderly patients have been advocated, there are still incidences of adverse events or accidents during spinal anesthesia. A review of foreign literature suggests that the incidence rate falls between 7.5-46.8%.In terms of medical errors or types of adverse events, these numbers are a part of active errors, and only present a small component of the system problems. Webster et al suggested that the nuclear power industry is a good analogy for safety in high risk anesthesia practices. Risk management program in anesthesia must be materialized in all aspects of the organization and emphasize the creation of optimum conditions of the “what” and the “how” of anesthesia practice and optimum preparation, in order to minimize the adverse events in anesthesia care. Methods: The clinical assessment and intervention workflow of spinal anesthesia in the elderly, including preparation of anesthesia and risk assessment, and intervention during spinal anesthesia, are proposed by presenting a model of system design. The dependent variables of risk severity of this design were bradycardia and hypotention during elderly spinal anesthesia. Risk assessment and intervention pathway of safety was depicted, and a total of 59 intervention pathways were found. Finally, compare the intervention pathways with records of elderly spinal anesthesia to confirm the approval. SPSS software was applied to perform descriptive analysis, principal components analysis to examine the feasibility of the design, and to find out the principal components. Results: A total of 335 elderly patients were recruited into the study, and 277 patients were found to match the pathway, with a matching rate of 82.7%. After a principal component analysis of all the cases, three principal components appeared that were redefined as: The first component was medication consideration, which included nerve block height, need of operation time and nutrition condition. The second component was elderly physical status consideration, which included aging and ASA status. The third component was preloading of fluid. The three principal component factors could act as references for decision-making of proactive and reactive intervention for anesthetic practice during elderly spinal anesthesia, in order to minimize adverse events and frequency of near miss in anesthesia care, leading to a decrease in accidents, harm, and incidents.

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Fung, Parry. "Advisory system for administration of Phenylephrine following spinal anesthesia for cesarean section." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/15422.

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Phenylephrine is a drug used at British Columbia Women's Hospital, Vancouver British Columbia to treat maternal hypotension induced by spinal anesthesia for Cesarean Section. Hypotension can cause serious fetus hypoxia, therefore maternal blood pressure must be kept above a minimum level. Phenylephrine dosage is mainly determined in a heuristic manner by the anesthesiologist's experience and observation. Since an overdose of phenylephrine can result in maternal bradycardia and hypertension, an advisory system is developed to recommend the optimal dosage of phenylephrine that ensures an appropriate blood pressure response. Data was collected from patients undergoing Cesarean Section at the British Columbia Women's Hospital for drug response modeling. Preliminary results indicated that the quality of noninvasive blood pressure measurement by the existing cuff sphygmomanometry was a prominent source of model uncertainty. Therefore an algorithm that improves the resolution of the blood pressure measurement using pulse transit time, the travelling time of a pulse wave between two sites, was developed and is presented in this thesis. The refined blood pressure reading was used for patient modeling. Separating phenylephrine's blood pressure response from the spinal anesthesia's is the main challenge for this system identification. Various techniques are discussed and validated in Chapter 3. The advisory system based on the results of Chapter 3 was then developed. When hypotension occurs, the advisory model predictive controller recommends an adequate phenylephrine dose according to the identified internal patient model. The design, tuning and online adaptation of the system are illustrated in Chapter 4. Chapter 5 concludes this thesis and points towards future research in this field.

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Sung, Fang-Ling, and 宋芳齡. "The Effect of Occipital Altitude on Postudural Puncture Headache After Spinal Anesthesia." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48128594055473248186.

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碩士
臺北醫學大學
護理學研究所
97
Background： To investigate the incidences of postdural puncture headache(PDPH)after spinal anesthesia between different occipital altitude. We assumed a hypothesis that the incidences of PDPH after spinal anesthesia under different occipital altitude were equivalent. On the basis of traditional nursing care standard protocols, patients should be kept straight in supine position without any pillow for at least six to eight hours after spinal anesthesia. However, further investigations are needed to disclose if these aforementioned nursing protocols would influence postoperative patient satisfaction. In addition to examining the usefulness of pillow support with regard to prevention of PDPH , this study also updates the post spinal anesthesia care protocols to provide a better quality of patient care. Material & method: This clinical study was approved by Tri-service general hospital joint IRB. A prospective, randomized, control study was conducted to examine the effect of pillow support in relationship with incidence of post dural puncture headache within 24, 48, and 72 hours postoperatively in two patient groups. Data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical package (power setting α= .05 and β= .2). 1000 patients (age ranged from 18 to 50 years old; ASA class I or II) were randomly allocated to receive pillow support (study group), or without pillow support (control group). All patients received spinal anesthesia with 0.5% Marcaine 10-15mg by 25 gauge Quincke needle. PDPH severity was assessed with Croker’s classification; neck stiffness and satisfactory degree were assessed with VAS (Visual Analog Scale). Results: No differences were observed in the incidences of postdural puncture headache(PDPH)after spinal anesthesia with or without pillow support. There were significantly less neck stiffness and significantly improved patients satisfaction in the study group. Conclusions: Pillow support after spinal anesthesia reduces neck stiffness and improves patient satisfaction without an increase on the incidence of postdural puncture headache(PDPH).

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Webb, Adrian Arthur. "Re-evaluation of the role of intramuscular ephedrine as prophylaxis against hypotension associated with spinal anesthesia for Caesarean section." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/21258.

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A research report submitted to the Faculty of Medicine, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Medicine in the branch of Anaesthesia.
Spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean section is associated with an unacceptably high incidence of hypotension despite the administration of an intravenous fluid preload and the use of uterine displacement. The theoretical benefits of preventing hypotension as opposed to treating it as it occurs are the avoidance of considerable maternal discomfort, a reduced risk of serious cardiovascular or respiratory depression and the avoidance of transient foetal asphyxia. The use of prophylactic intramuscular ephedrine prior to spinal anaesthesia has been recommended but not well studied. The advantages of the intramuscular route for ephedrine administration are its simplicity and its favourable pharmacokinetic profile. Cardiovascular support is sustained throughout the surgery and into the post operative period. Opposition to the use of intramuscular ephedrine in the prevention of hypotension is based on two studies in which spinal anaesthesia was not used [1,2]. These studies showed an unacceptably high incidence of hypertension, a deleterious effect on foetal gas exchange and a lack of efficacy when intramuscular ephedrine was used in epidural and general anaesthesia respectively. This research report describes a randomised, double blind, interventional study designed to assess the safety (prevalence of hypertension, tachycardia or foetal compromise) and efficacy (prevalence of hypotension) of 37,5mg of ephedrine given prior to spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean section. Forty patients who had given informed consent were entered into the study. Blood pressures and pulse rates were recorded for 90 minutes after ephedrine administration, samples of umbilical venous blood were collected and Apgar scores assessed. This study found that giving 37,5mg of intramuscular ephedrine prior to spinal anaesthesia was safe from a maternal point of view in that it was not associated with reactive hypertension or tachycardia. When the ephedrine was given 10 minutes prior to induction of the spinal the technique proved to be effective in reducing the incidence and severity of hypotension. When used in the above manner the technique was not associated with foetal depression or acidosis.
WHSLYP2016

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Lin, Chao-Shun, and 林朝順. "Application of artificial neural networks to predict postinduction hypotension during general and spinal anesthesia." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34157592980559645687.

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博士
臺北醫學大學
醫學科學研究所
99
Perioperative hypotension is associated with adverse outcomes in patients undergoing surgery. A computer-based model that integrates related factors and predicts the risk of hypotension would be helpful in clinical anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to develop artificial neural network (ANN) models to identify patients at high risk for postinduction hypotension during general and spinal anesthesia. In part I, Anesthesia records for the period of March through November 2007 were reviewed, and 1017 records were analyzed. Eleven patient-related, two surgical, and five anesthetic variables were used to develop the ANN and logistic regression (LR) models. The quality of the models was evaluated by an external validation dataset. Three clinicians were asked to make predictions of the same validation dataset on a case-by-case basis. The ANN model had an accuracy of 82.3%, sensitivity of 76.4%, and specificity of 85.6%. The accuracy of the LR model was 76.5%, the sensitivity was 74.5%, and specificity was 77.7%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the ANN and LR models were 0.893 and 0.840. The clinicians had the lowest predictive accuracy and sensitivity compared to the ANN and LR models. In part II, from Sep 2004 to Dec 2006, the anesthesia records of 1501 patients receiving surgery under spinal anesthesia were used to develop the ANN and LR models. 75% of data were used for training and the last 25% of data were used as test set for validation. Five anesthesiologists were asked to review the data of test set and to make predictions of hypotensive event during spinal anesthesia by clinical experience. The ANN model had a sensitivity of 75.9% and specificity of 76.0%. The LR model had a sensitivity of 68.1% and specificity of 73.5%. The area under ROC curves were 0.796 and 0.748. The ANN model performed significantly better than the LR model. The prediction of clinicians had the lowest sensitivity of 28.7%, 22.2%, 21.3%, 16.1%, and 36.1%. The ANN model for general anesthesia was applied to clinical practice to verify its feasibility. Randomly selected 34 patients were enrolled into the study group and 37 patients into the control group. In the study group the ANN model was used to predict whether patients had postinduction hypotension and informed the clinician. It depended on the clinician to choose some strategies to prevent the occurrence of hypotension. In the control group the clinician was not informed about the predictive result of the ANN model. The incidence of hypotension in study group was less than that in the control group (11.8% vs. 29.7%). Application of the ANN model significantly reduced the incidence of postinduction hypotension. The ANN models developed in this study had good discrimination and calibration and would be helpful in providing decision support to clinicians and in increasing vigilance in those patients at high risk of postinduction hypotension during general and spinal anesthesia.

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Hung, Hsin-Tzu, and 洪心慈. "The Efficacy of Auricular Acupressure on Anxiety、Relaxant and Physiological indicator for Patients with Spinal Anesthesia." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74285230663413350438.

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碩士
國立台北護理學院
護理研究所
96
According to The Department of Health of the Executive Yuan demonstrated about 300 thousand people accepts the spinal anesthesia every year when they had to be operative. Then the patient of spinal anesthesia has conscious clear, the anxiety is common purpose for nursing care during the surgery process. This purpose of this study is investigate the efficacy of the auricular acupressure on anxiety、relaxation and physiological indicators for patients with spinal anesthesia. This study utilized experimental pre-test and post-test design and convenience sampling. Data was collected from sixty patients received surgery from medical center in northern Taiwan. Criteria for this particular study include the surgery patient with spinal anesthesia, 20 to 65 years old, can be communicated in either Mandarin or Taiwanese dialect, and have agreed to participate in this research. Sixty patients who participated in this research were randomized to the experimental groups or the control group. The patients in the experimental group A received per 15 minutes of auricular acupressure and regular nursing care during the surgery process. The patients in the experimental group B received per 30 minutes of auricular acupressure and regular nursing care during the surgery process. The patients in the control group only received regular nursing care. Measures included Visual Analog Scale for anxiety and relaxant (VAS), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and vital sign check. Data collected were analyzed with descriptive statistics, General Linear Model (GLM), Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE). Result of the research showed the participants with moderate to severe levels of anxiety in pre-operative. The patients received auricular acupressure in the experimental group A and B can reduce levels of anxiety and advance relaxant significantly from the control group (p＜0.05). Then the patients in the experimental group A received per 15 minutes of auricular acupressure can reduce levels of anxiety and advance relaxant powerfully from the experimental group B received per 30 minutes of auricular acupressure (p＜0.05). But measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), only the experimental group B received per 30 minutes of auricular acupressure reduce levels of anxiety from the control group (p=0.016). In addition, the finding: the experimental groups that vital signs are stable than control group (p < 0.05). The results of this research can provide an important basis to professional nurses, reduce levels of anxiety, improve vital signs are stable during the surgery process, and then increase the quality of care for the surgery patient with spinal anesthesia.

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"The use of levobupivacaine and ropivacaine in spinal anaesthesia for lower limb and urological surgery." Thesis, 2011. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6075198.

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I found that 2.6ml of 0.5% levobupivacaine had similar clinical characteristics as the same volume of 0.5% bupivacaine in spinal anaesthesia. Both were effective for spinal anaesthesia in urological surgery, when a sensory block up to at least T10 dermatome was required. In comparing the use of levobupivacaine alone and levobupivacaine with fentanyl, there were no significant differences in haemodynamic changes and quality of sensory and motor block, when 2.6ml of levobupivacaine alone or 2.3ml of levobupivacaine with fentanyl 15mcg (0.3ml) were used in spinal anaesthesia. Both were effective for spinal anaesthesia in urological surgery. In comparing the use of ropivacaine 10mg and bupivacaine 10mg, both with fentanyl 15mcg in spinal anaesthesia for urological surgery, all the patients achieved adequate level of sensory block up to T10 dermatome or higher. The two drugs were similar in the onset time of motor block, the characteristics of sensory block and haemodynamic changes; however, the duration of motor block was shorter with ropivacaine. I concluded that both studied solutions, ropivacaine-fentanyl and bupivacaine-fentanyl, were effective for spinal anaesthesia in urological surgery and the duration of motor block was shorter with the ropivacaine-fentanyl solution. The dose-response relationship of ropivacaine in spinal anaesthesia for lower limb surgery requiring a sensory block up to at least the T12 dermatome was defined. Anaesthesia was successful in 0, 0, 42, 83 and 100% when ropivacaine at doses of 2, 4, 7, 10 and 14mg respectively were given. The derived values for ED50 and ED95 were 7.6mg and 11.4mg respectively. The cephalic level of sensory block and the degree of motor block increased with larger doses of ropivacaine. Finally, the median effective dose (ED50) of bupivacaine, levobupivacaine and ropivacaine in spinal anaesthesia for lower limb surgery were defined as 5.50mg (95% CI: 4.90--6.10mg), 5.68mg (95% CI: 4.92--6.44mg), and 8.41mg (95% CI: 7.15--9.67mg) respectively. The relative potency ratios were 0.97 (95% CI: 0.81--1.17) for levobupivacaine/bupivacaine, 0.65 (95% CI: 0.54--0.80) for ropivacaine/bupivacaine and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.55--0.84) for ropivacainellevobupivacaine.
In this series of studies, I have shown that levobupivacaine and ropivacaine are effective local anaesthetic agents for spinal anaesthesia in lower limb and urological surgery. This proved my hypothesis. Both are suitable alternatives to bupivacaine for spinal anaesthesia. Furthermore, these studies showed that ropivacaine is less potent than levobupivacaine and bupivacaine and the potency is similar between levobupivacaine and bupivacaine at median effective dose.
Levobupivacaine and ropivacaine are two relatively new local anaesthetics which were developed in view of their potential for less cardiotoxicity in comparison with bupivacaine, the most common local anaesthetic used in spinal anaesthesia for many years. Both are produced in pure S(-) enantiomer form in contrast to bupivacaine which is a racemic mixture. They have been shown to be effective in peripheral nerve blocks, and epidural analgesia and anaesthesia; nevertheless, experience of their use in spinal anaesthesia is limited. The objective of this thesis was to evaluate their use in spinal anaesthesia for surgery in non-obstetric patients. My hypothesis was that levobupivacaine and ropivacaine are effective local anaesthetic agents for spinal anaesthesia in lower limb and urological surgery. In order to test this hypothesis, I conducted five clinical studies on 269 patients who had urological surgery or lower limb surgery under spinal or combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia. First, I investigated the efficacy and clinical characteristics of levobupivacaine and the mixture of levobupivacaine with fentanyl in spinal anaesthesia. Next, I compared the use of ropivacaine-fentanyl with bupivacaine-fentanyl in spinal anaesthesia. Finally, I defined the dose-response relationship of ropivacaine in spinal anaesthesia using traditional dose-response methodology and defined the relative potency among levobupivacaine, ropivacaine and bupivacaine by comparing the defined ED50 in spinal anaesthesia using up-down sequential allocation method.
Lee, Ying Yin.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-06, Section: B, page: .
Thesis (M.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 133-150).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.

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Makoko, Uziele Marc. "Survey on maternal satisfaction in receiving spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean section." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18908.

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Survey on maternal satisfaction in receiving spinal anesthesia for Cesarean section
A quantitative descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the maternal satisfaction after the experience of spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean section in one public hospital of Gauteng Province in South Africa. Data were collected by administering a questionnaire which included the demographic profile and satisfaction score in terms of perioperative elements to 82 women in their postoperative period. Analysis of data was performed by The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 13 and Excel 2010 was used for tabular and graphical illustrations. The findings revealed that the majority of women studied were black (95,1%), not married (73,2%) and unemployed (64,6%). The levels of maternal satisfaction in terms of intraoperative, postoperative and other perioperative elements were high, at 94,4%, 90,3% and 85,4% respectively. The lowest percentage (76,8%) was found for the maternal satisfaction about the preoperative explanation. The overall level of maternal satisfaction in this study was 86,7%. The majority of women (82,9%) would opt for spinal anaesthesia in future, while 6,1% would not accept it and 11,0% were not sure if they would opt for it or not.
Health Studies
M.A. (Public Health)

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Gaudreault, Francois. "Pharmacométrie de la ropivacaïne suivant l’anesthésie locorégionale chez les patients orthopédiques : caractérisation de l’intensité et de la durée du bloc sensitif." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10331.

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Introduction & Objectifs : Pour assurer l’analgésie postopératoire, l’anesthésiste dispose, en plus des différentes classes de médicaments administrés par voie orale ou intraveineuse, de diverses techniques pour bloquer l’influx nerveux douloureux en administrant les anesthésiques locaux (AL) de manière centrale ou périphérique. La ropivacaïne (ROP), un AL à longue durée d’action, est un médicament de première intention partout dans le monde, en raison de sa grande efficacité et de son faible risque de toxicité. Contrairement à certains pays, la ROP n'est toujours pas indiquée au Canada pour la rachianesthésie (bloc central) en raison d'un manque de données probantes. Jusqu'à présent, les efforts de recherche ont essentiellement porté sur la sécurité ainsi que sur la durée d’action du médicament lorsqu’administré par voie spinale. De plus, les doses optimales de ROP pour l’anesthésie régionale périphérique ne sont pas encore précisément connues. La posologie devrait être adaptée au site d’administration ainsi qu’à l’intensité et la durée du stimulus produit par la chirurgie. Ultimement, cela permettrait aux cliniciens d’identifier le régime optimal en fonction des facteurs démographiques qui pourraient affecter la pharmacocinétique (PK) et la pharmacodynamie (PD) de l’AL (objectif global de ces travaux). Validation de la Méthode Analytique Manuscrit 1 : Une méthode analytique spécifique et sensible permettant de déterminer les concentrations plasmatiques de ROP a d’abord été optimisée et validée. Validation du Biomarqueur Manuscrit 2 : Nous avons ensuite mis au point et évalué la fiabilité d’une méthode quantitative basée sur la mesure du seuil de perception sensorielle (CPT) chez le volontaire sain. Ce test nécessite l’application d’un courant électrique transcutané qui augmente graduellement et qui, selon la fréquence choisie, est capable de stimuler spécifiquement les fibres nerveuses impliquées dans le cheminement de l’influx nerveux douloureux. Les résultats obtenus chez les volontaires sains indiquent que la mesure CPT est fiable, reproductible et permet de suivre l’évolution temporelle du bloc sensitif. Études cliniques Manuscrit 3 : Nous avons ensuite caractérisé, pendant plus de 72 h, l’absorption systémique de la ROP lorsqu’administrée pour un bloc du nerf fémoral chez 19 patients subissant une chirurgie du genou. Le modèle PK populationnel utilisé pour analyser nos résultats comporte une absorption biphasique durant laquelle une fraction de la dose administrée pénètre rapidement (temps d’absorption moyen : 27 min, IC % 19 – 38 min) dans le flux sanguin systémique pendant que l’autre partie, en provenance du site de dépôt, est redistribuée beaucoup plus lentement (demi-vie (T1/2) : 2.6 h, IC % 1.6 – 4.3 h) vers la circulation systémique. Une relation statistiquement significative entre l’âge de nos patients et la redistribution de l’AL suggère que la perméabilité tissulaire est augmentée avec l’âge. Manuscrit 4 : Une analyse PK-PD du comportement sensitif du bloc fémoral (CPT) a été effectuée. Le modèle développé a estimé à 20.2 ± 10.1 mg la quantité de ROP nécessaire au site d’action pour produire 90 % de l’effet maximal (AE90). À 2 X la AE90, le modèle prédit un début d’action de 23.4 ± 12.5 min et une durée de 22.9 ± 5.3 h. Il s’agit de la première étude ayant caractérisé le comportement sensitif d’un bloc nerveux périphérique. Manuscrit 5 : La troisième et dernière étude clinique a été conduite chez les patients qui devaient subir une chirurgie du genou sous rachianesthésie. Tout comme pour le bloc du nerf fémoral, le modèle PK le plus approprié pour nos données suggère que l’absorption systémique de la ROP à partir du liquide céphalo-rachidien est biphasique; c.à.d. une phase initiale (T1/2 : 49 min, IC %: 24 – 77 min) suivie (délai: 18 ± 2 min) d'une phase légèrement plus lente (T1/2 : 66 min, IC %: 36 – 97 min). L’effet maximal a été observé beaucoup plus rapidement, soit aux environs de 12.6 ± 4.9 min, avant de revenir aux valeurs de base 210 ± 55 min suivant l’administration de l’agent. Ces données ont permis d’estimer une AE50 de 7.3 ± 2.3 mg pour l'administration spinale. Conclusion : En somme, ces modèles peuvent être utilisés pour prédire l’évolution temporelle du bloc sensitif de l’anesthésie rachidienne et périphérique (fémorale), et par conséquent, optimiser l’utilisation clinique de la ROP en fonction des besoins des cliniciens, notamment en ce qui a trait à l’âge du patient.
Background & Objectives: To provide postoperative analgesia, the anesthesiologist has at his disposal a panel of different medications and also regional techniques of neural blockade. Loco-regional analgesia (central or peripheral) blocks conduction of painful influx to the central nervous system by the use of local anesthetics (LA). Among these drugs, ropivacaine (ROP), has an enormous potential given is long-acting efficacy and low incidence of toxicity. Currently, ROP is not licensed for use in spinal anesthesia (central block) in all countries due to a lack of data from controlled clinical trials. So far, research efforts on this topic have mainly focused on safety and dose-finding issues. In addition, the most appropriate dose for a peripheral nerve block has never been estimated empirically. Dosing recommendation for LAs should be site-specific and adapted to the intensity of the stimuli produced by a surgery and to the duration of analgesia required. Ultimately, these should guide clinicians in identifying the most appropriate block for the individual patients by taking into account demographic factors that may affect the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of LA overall objective of the current research) Analytical Method Validation Manuscript 1: First, a specific and sensitive assay has been developed and validated for the determination of ROP in human plasma. Biomarker Validation Manuscript 2: Second, the reliability of a neurostimulator measuring current perception threshold (CPT) was assessed in healthy volunteers. The device uses a constant transcutaneous electrical sine wave stimulus at different frequencies specific to pain-conducting fibers. Our results suggest that CPT are reliable and can be applied to characterize, in a quantitative manner, the sensory onset of a peripheral nerve block in a clinical setting. Clinical Studies Manuscript 3: The systemic absorption of ROP after a femoral nerve block in orthopedic patients was then characterized using extended rich PK-sampling, i.e. up to 4 days post-dosing. Our model used for data analysis confirms that, in a similar manner to neuraxial sites of LAs injection, the systemic absorption of ROP from the femoral space is biphasic, i.e. a rapid initial phase (mean absorption time of 25 min, % CI: 19 – 38 min) followed by a much slower phase (half-life (T1/2) of 3.9 h, % CI: 2.9 – 6.0 h). A significant age-related increase in the permeability of the LA was also observed in our elderly patients (n = 19, age = 62.6 ± 7.1 yr). Manuscript 4: A population PK-PD analysis of the sensory anesthesia (CPT) of ROP using our PK model was also performed. The effect-site amount producing 90% of the maximum possible effect (AE90) was estimated as 20.2 ± 10.1 mg. At 2 x AE90, the sigmoid Emax model predicted an onset time of 23.4 ± 12.5 min and a duration of 22.9 ± 5.3 h. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first PK-PD model developed for a peripheral nerve block. Manuscript 5: In the third and last study, a similar approach was used to characterise the PK-PD relationship of intrathecally administered ROP in patients undergoing minor lower limb surgery. The biphasic release of the agent from the intrathecal space was modeled using a rapid initial absorption phase (T1/2 of 49 min, % CI: 24 – 77 min) followed (lag-time of ~ 18 ± 2 min) by a slightly slower input rate (T1/2 of 66 min, % CI: 36 – 97 min). ROP maximal response was observed within 12.6 ± 4.9 min of dosing, with a subsequent return to baseline 210 ± 55 min after the administration of the LA. The effect-site amount producing 50 % of the Emax (AE50) was estimated at 7.3 ± 2.3 mg. Conclusion: Altogether, the proposed models can be used to predict the time-course of sensory blockade after a femoral nerve block and spinal anesthesia using ROP and to optimize dosing regimen according to clinical needs with regard to important cofactors such as age.

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Koščáková, Mária. "Vliv spinální anestezie na míru poškození DNA." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-380749.

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Background: The human organism is exposed daily to many endogenous and exogenous substances that are the source of oxidative damage. Cell structures, including DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) in the nucleus are damaged due to high concentrations of these substances and accumulation of oxidative stress in cells. The predominance of these damaging processes may later be responsible for human diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases or heart failure. In our study, we observed oxidative damage at the DNA level due to spinal anesthesia. Methods: Sample processing was performed by comet analysis. The principle consists in fixation of cells (lymphocytes) in the agarose gel, lysis of cell structures for nucleotide release, incubation with specific enzymes and exposure to electrophoresis. Damaged, negatively charged parts of the DNA in the electric field are directed to the positive charged anode, creating a typical comet shape. For visualization, the gels were stained with ethidium bromide (DNA intercalating dye). Results: We have quantified single-strand breaks, oxidized purines and pyrimidines (use of enzymes to detect specific damages). The results are reported in percentage of DNA in the comet's tail. The principle is to compare the intensity of the comet's tail with the total comet intensity....

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Karimdadian, Désirée. "Einfluss der Anästhesie auf das postoperative Auftreten des Restless Legs Syndroms." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-AF59-7.

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Lizarraga-Madrigal, Ignacio. "Spinal analgesic interaction between non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor systems : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Veterinary Science, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1466.

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Activation of spinal N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors stimulates cyclooxygenase and nitric oxide pathways. Compounds that block the activity of these NMDA receptor systems reduce pain hypersensitivity. However, their usefulness is limited by the side effects they produce. One way of reducing side effects is by combining drugs that produce the same overt effect by different mechanisms, which hopefully increase the net effect. In these series of studies, drugs that interact with NMDA receptor systems and their combinations were screened in vitro to identify spinal antinociceptive synergistic combinations that could be assessed in vivo. Based on developmental changes in thresholds, conduction velocities and blocking actions of the local anaesthetic lignocaine in neonatal rat L4/L5 dorsal root potentials, it was decided to use spinal cord in vitro preparation from 5- to 7-day-old rat pups. In single drug studies, the NMDA receptor channel blocker ketamine (1-50 µM) and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ketoprofen (200-600 µM), but not the NSAID salicylate (1000 µM) and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 1-100 µM), reduced spinal NMDA receptor-mediated transmission. Ketamine also depressed non-NMDA receptor-mediated transmission. Using isobolographic and composite additive line analyses, fixed-ratio combinations of ketamine and ketoprofen, ketamine and L-NAME, and ketopofen and L-NAME synergistically depressed NMDA receptor-mediated transmission. The two former combinations had a subadditive effect on non-NMDA receptor-mediated transmission, and the latter had no significant effect. These studies identified that all combinations synergistically reduced both nociceptive transmission and potential side effects. In free-moving sheep implanted with indwelling cervical intrathecal catheters, 100 µ1 subdural administration of ketamine (25-400 µM) and ketoprofen (200-3200 µM) alone and in a fixed-ratio combination (873.95-3350.78 µM, 0.045:0.955) did not raise nociceptive thresholds as assessed by mechanical stimulation of one foreleg. Subdural administration of NMDA (2 mM) decreased mechanical nociceptive thresholds, and this was prevented by the highest concentrations of ketamine and ketoprofen alone and in combination. These findings demonstrated that NMDA receptor channel blockers and NSAIDs alone or in combination had no direct hypoalgesic effects when given onto the spinal cord of sheep, but they prevented NMDA-induced pain hypersensitivity. Simultaneous blockade of NMDA receptor systems could have important clinical implications.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Spinale anesthesie'

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