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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Spindle (Cell division) Cell migration'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Nestor-Bergmann, Alexander. "Relating cell shape, mechanical stress and cell division in epithelial tissues." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/relating-cell-shape-mechanical-stress-and-cell-division-in-epithelial-tissues(ebf1bce8-ca35-4f5a-8be9-f2e19c96e20d).html.

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The development and maintenance of tissues and organs depend on the careful regulation and coordinated motion of large numbers of cells. There is substantial evidence that many complex tissue functions, such as cell division, collective cell migration and gene expression, are directly regulated by mechanical forces. However, relatively little is known about how mechanical stress is distributed within a tissue and how this may guide biochemical signalling. Working in the framework of a popular vertex-based model, we derive expressions for stress tensors at the cell and tissue level to build ana

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Chanasakulniyom, Mayuree. "Single cell devices for migration and division studies." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5072/.

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Microfluidic technologies and devices now provide powerful tools for many biological studies to gain knowledge and insight into cell behaviour because of their potential to control the local in vitro environment. This thesis aims to develop microfluidic devices for the single cell proliferation and migration studies that are fundamental in determining cell and tissue behaviour. There are two designs of microfluidic devices that have been used in this project. The first one is hydrodynamic single cell trap device having a bagatelle- like structure. The bagatelle-like devices were used to trap m

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Stewart, Neil Padilla Pamela Ann Fox. "Identifying genetic interactions of the spindle checkpoint in Caenorhabditis elegans." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12203.

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Golub, Ognjen. "Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Subcellular Localization and Function of Mitotic Spindle Orientation Determinants." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20711.

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Proper orientation of the mitotic spindle is essential during animal development for the generation of cell diversity and organogenesis. To understand the molecular mechanisms regulating this process, genetic studies have implicated evolutionarily conserved proteins that function in diverse cell types to align the spindle along an intrinsic cellular polarity axis. This activity is achieved through physical contacts between astral microtubules of the spindle and a distinct domain of force generating proteins on the cell cortex. In this work, I shed light on how these proteins form distinct cort

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Joslin, Elizabeth Jane. "Quantitative studies of EGFR autocrine induced cell signaling and migration." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39910.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Biological Engineering Division, 2007.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor autocrine and/or paracrine signaling plays an important role in normal epithelial cell proliferation, survival, adhesion and migration. Aberrant expression of the EGF receptor and its cognate ligands have been implicated in various types of cancers, hence EGF receptor autocrine activation is thought to also be involved in tumorigenesis. EGF family ligands are synthesized as membrane-anchored proteins requiring proteolyt

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Chu, Calvin School of Biomedical Engineering UNSW. "Development of a semi-automatic method for cellular migration and division analysis." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Biomedical Engineering, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20543.

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Binary image processing algorithms have been implemented in this study to create a background subtraction mask for the segmentation of cellular time lapse images. The complexity in the development of the background subtraction mask stems from the inherent difficulties in contrast resolution at the cellular boundaries. Coupling the background subtraction mask with the path reconstruction method via superposition of overlapping binary segmented objects in sequential time lapse images produces a semi-automatic method for cellular tracking. In addition to the traditional center of mass or centroid

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7

Reschen, Richard Frederick. "The roles of Dgp71WD at the centrosome and spindle in Drosophila." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609808.

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Stewart, Neil. "Identifying genetic interactions of the spindle checkpoint in Caenorhabditis elegans." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12203/.

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Faithful segregation of chromosomes is ensured by the spindle checkpoint. If a kinetochore does not correctly attach to a microtubule the spindle checkpoint stops cell cycle progression until all chromosomes are attached to microtubules or tension is experienced while pulling the chromosomes. The C. elegans gene, san-1, is required for spindle checkpoint function and anoxia survival. To further understand the role of san-1 in the spindle checkpoint, an RNAi screen was conducted to identify genetic interactions with san-1. The kinetochore gene hcp-1 identified in this screen, was known to have

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Kosmin, Alan Simon. "Cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration within the human fetal retina." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366488.

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10

Hung, Hui-Fang. "Roles of the Mother Centriole Appendage Protein Cenexin in Microtubule Organization during Cell Migration and Cell Division: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2016. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/842.

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Epithelial cells are necessary building blocks of the organs they line. Their apicalbasolateral polarity, characterized by an asymmetric distribution of cell components along their apical-basal axis, is a requirement for normal organ function. Although the centrosome, also known as the microtubule organizing center, is important in establishing cell polarity the mechanisms through which it achieves this remain unclear. It has been suggested that the centrosome influences cell polarity through microtubule cytoskeleton organization and endosome trafficking. In the first chapter of this thesis, I

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Hung, Hui-Fang. "Roles of the Mother Centriole Appendage Protein Cenexin in Microtubule Organization during Cell Migration and Cell Division: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2008. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/842.

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Epithelial cells are necessary building blocks of the organs they line. Their apicalbasolateral polarity, characterized by an asymmetric distribution of cell components along their apical-basal axis, is a requirement for normal organ function. Although the centrosome, also known as the microtubule organizing center, is important in establishing cell polarity the mechanisms through which it achieves this remain unclear. It has been suggested that the centrosome influences cell polarity through microtubule cytoskeleton organization and endosome trafficking. In the first chapter of this thesis, I

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12

Sze, Man-fong. "Characterization of mitotic checkpoint proteins, MAD1 and MAD2, in hepatocellular carcinoma." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36841286.

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13

Smith, Nicholas Robert 1981. "Autoinhibition and ultrasensitivity in the Galphai-Pins-Mud spindle orientation pathway." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11303.

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xiv, 81 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.<br>Protein-protein interaction networks translate environmental inputs into specific physiological outputs. The signaling proteins in these networks require regulatory mechanisms to ensure proper molecular function. Two common regulatory features of signaling proteins are autoinhibition and ultrasensitivity. Autoinhibition locks the protein in an inactive state through cis interactions with a regulatory module until it is activated by a

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14

Fish, Jennifer. "The evolution of neuronal progenitor cell division in mammals: The role of the abnormal spindle-like microcephaly associated (Aspm) protein and epithelial cell polarity." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1184837029919-80275.

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Among mammals, primates are exceptional for their large brain size relative to body size. Relative brain size, or encephalization, is particularly striking among humans and their direct ancestors. Since the human-chimp split 5 to 7 million years ago, brain size has tripled in the human lineage (Wood &amp; Collard 1999). The focus of this doctoral work is to investigate some of the cell biological mechanisms responsible for this increase in relative brain size. In particular, the processes that regulate symmetric cell division (ultimately generating more progenitors), the constraints on pro

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Kim, Haein. "Temporal Coordination Of Mitotic Chromosome Alignment And Segregation: Structural And Functional Studies Of Kif18a." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2018. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/930.

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Chromosome alignment is highly conserved in all eukaryotic cell divisions. Microtubule (MT) -based forces generated by the mitotic spindle are integral for proper chromosome alignment and equal chromosome segregation. The kinetochore is a multi-subunit protein complex that assembles on centromeric regions of chromosomes. Kinetochores tether chromosomes to MTs (K fibers) that emanate from opposite poles, in a process called biorientation. This linkage translates K fiber dynamics into chromosome movements during alignment and segregation. Stable, high-affinity kinetochore attachments promote spi

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16

Allen, John C. "FGF4 Induced Wnt5a Gradient in the Limb Bud Mediates Mesenchymal Cell Directed Migration and Division." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4309.

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The AER has a vital role in directing embryonic limb development. Several models have been developed that attempt to explain how the AER directs limb development, but none of them are fully supported by existing data. I provide evidence that FGFs secreted from the AER induce a gradient of Wnt5a. I also demonstrate that limb mesenchyme grows toward increasing concentrations of Wnt5a. We hypothesize that the changing shape of the AER is critical for patterning the limb along the proximal to distal axis. To better understand the pathway through which Wnt5a elicits its effects, we have performed v

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Sze, Man-fong, and 施敏芳. "Characterization of mitotic checkpoint proteins, MAD1 and MAD2, in hepatocellular carcinoma." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38438550.

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18

Müller-Reichert, Thomas. "Spindle organization in three dimensions." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1166107130476-22269.

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During cell division, chromosome segregation takes place on bipolar, microtubulebased spindles. Here, C. elegans is used to analyze spindle organization under both mitotic and meiotic conditions. First, the role of SAS-4 in organizing centrosome structure was analyzed. Partial depletion of SAS-4 in early embryos results in structurally defective centrioles. The study of this protein sheds light on the poorly understood role of the centrioles in dictating centrosome size. Second, the ultrastructure of wild-type mitotic spindle components was analyzed by electron tomography. This 3-D analysis re

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19

Riche, Soizic. "Etude comparative du positionnement du fuseau mitotique dans les espèces de C.elegans et C. briggsae." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1053/document.

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La division cellulaire asymétrique est un mécanisme fondamental qui assure la diversité cellulaire, le renouvellement des cellules souches et le maintien de l’identité cellulaire. Elle dépend du bon positionnement du fuseau mitotique car il dicte le plan de division des cellules. La première division des embryons de C. elegans, est asymétrique et génère deux cellules fille de taille et devenir différents. Elle consiste en deux étapes : la centration des pronoyaux en prophase puis le déplacement postérieur du fuseau mitotique en anaphase. Lors de l'anaphase le fuseau subit des oscillations tran

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20

Chen, Helen. "The non-motor protein RHAMM locates TPX2 to coordinate spindle assembly and balance motor forces needed to segregate chromosomes and complete cell division." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/60235.

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Cell division requires the assembly and organization of a microtubule-based mitotic spindle. Microtubule assembly at multiple sites is dependent on Aurora kinase A activity, which is promoted through a complex with TPX2 (targeting protein for XKlp2). Subsequent organization of these microtubules and progression into anaphase requires balance between forces orchestrated by antagonistic motor complexes. My studies show that the non-motor protein RHAMM (receptor for hyaluronan mediated motility) integrates structural and biochemical pathways to ensure the fidelity of cell division. Silencing RHAM

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21

Deretic, Jovana. "Identifying new shared substrates of Aurora kinases at the mitotic apparatus." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31137.

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Aurora A and B are the major kinases that control key events in mitosis, such as centrosome function, spindle assembly, chromosome segregation and cytokinesis, through phosphorylation of multiple proteins. These kinases share identical consensus target motifs, so the substrate specificity is determined by distinctive sub-cellular localization of the Auroras. Many proteins have been identified as targets of either Aurora A, or Aurora B, or both kinases by mass spectrometry studies. However, only a few of the identified phosphorylation sites in these targets have a characterized function in vivo

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Bauer, Nicola, Ana-Violeta Fonseca, Mareike Florek, et al. "New Insights into the Cell Biology of Hematopoietic Progenitors by Studying Prominin-1 (CD133)." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-136136.

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Prominin-1 (alias CD133) has received considerable interest because of its expression by several stem and progenitor cells originating from various sources, including the neural and hematopoietic systems. As a cell surface marker, prominin-1 is now used for somatic stem cell isolation. Its expression in cancer stem cells has broadened its clinical value, as it might be useful to outline new prospects for more effective cancer therapies by targeting tumor-initiating cells. Cell biological studies of this molecule have demonstrated that it is specifically concentrated in various membrane structu

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Bauer, Nicola, Ana-Violeta Fonseca, Mareike Florek, et al. "New Insights into the Cell Biology of Hematopoietic Progenitors by Studying Prominin-1 (CD133)." Karger, 2008. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27699.

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Prominin-1 (alias CD133) has received considerable interest because of its expression by several stem and progenitor cells originating from various sources, including the neural and hematopoietic systems. As a cell surface marker, prominin-1 is now used for somatic stem cell isolation. Its expression in cancer stem cells has broadened its clinical value, as it might be useful to outline new prospects for more effective cancer therapies by targeting tumor-initiating cells. Cell biological studies of this molecule have demonstrated that it is specifically concentrated in various membrane structu

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24

Scrofani, Jacopo 1984. "Mechanism of RanGTP dependent microtubule assembly during mitosis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/289621.

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During mitosis, spindle assembly involves different sources of microtubules including centrosomes and chromosomes. While the role of centrosomes has been extensively studied, we still do not fully understand how chromosomes trigger microtubule assembly thereby contributing to the formation of the mitotic spindle. The chromosomal pathway is largely determined by a RanGTP gradient centered on the chromosomes that induces the local activation of spindle assembly factors. To get a better understanding on the RanGTP-dependent microtubule assembly during mitosis we aimed at: i) Identifying new Ran

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Zumdieck, Alexander. "Dynamics of Active Filament Systems." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1139849910030-68242.

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Aktive Filament-Systeme, wie zum Beispiel das Zellskelett, sind Beispiele einer interessanten Klasse neuartiger Materialien, die eine wichtige Rolle in der belebten Natur spielen. Viele wichtige Prozesse in lebenden Zellen wie zum Beispiel die Zellbewegung oder Zellteilung basieren auf dem Zellskelett. Das Zellskelett besteht aus Protein-Filamenten, molekularen Motoren und einer großen Zahl weiterer Proteine, die an die Filamente binden und diese zu einem Netz verbinden können. Die Filamente selber sind semifexible Polymere, typischerweise einige Mikrometer lang und bestehen aus einigen hunder

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Zumdieck, Alexander. "Dynamics of Active Filament Systems: The Role of Filament Polymerization and Depolymerization." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2005. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24642.

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Aktive Filament-Systeme, wie zum Beispiel das Zellskelett, sind Beispiele einer interessanten Klasse neuartiger Materialien, die eine wichtige Rolle in der belebten Natur spielen. Viele wichtige Prozesse in lebenden Zellen wie zum Beispiel die Zellbewegung oder Zellteilung basieren auf dem Zellskelett. Das Zellskelett besteht aus Protein-Filamenten, molekularen Motoren und einer großen Zahl weiterer Proteine, die an die Filamente binden und diese zu einem Netz verbinden können. Die Filamente selber sind semifexible Polymere, typischerweise einige Mikrometer lang und bestehen aus einigen hunder

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Shirasu-Hiza, Michele. "Mitotic microtubule depolymerization and XMAP215 /." 2004. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3109912.

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Alsop, G. Bradley. "Dissecting induction of cell cleavage." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/30497.

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Cytokinesis separates replicated chromosomes and cytoplasm into two daughter cells. In animal cells, this is achieved by the formation of a cleavage furrow that bisects the mitotic (or meiotic) spindle. It is known that the mitotic apparatus defines the cell cleavage plane. However, it is not clear how the mitotic apparatus initiates the cleavage furrow. Each part of the mitotic apparatus; namely asters, central spindle (microtubule arrays and the spindle midzone), and chromosomes, has been found capable of inducing a cleavage furrow in certain cell types. Yet it is uncertain which part is the

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Tsai, Wan-Yu, and 蔡宛育. "Spindle Scaling and Orientation in Symmetric and Asymmetric Cell Division." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67478467389797114286.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>分子與細胞生物學研究所<br>104<br>During cell division, a microtubule-based macromolecular machine known as mitotic spindle plays an important role to segregate chromosomes to two daughter cells. Molecules locating at cell cortex and spindle equator regulate spindle architecture and orientation. In our study, mitotic spindles in symmetric and asymmetric cell division were investigated. Several human cancer cell lines from lung, breast and colon were chosen as models of symmetric division. By immunofluorescence, we found that the functionally selected highly invasive lung adenocarcinoma cel

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Hirsch, Sophia Madeleine. "Spatial regulation of protein function in cell division and midbody assembly." Thesis, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-rya4-0758.

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Cytokinesis is the physical division of one cell into two driven by an actomyosin contractile ring and positioned by signals from microtubules. This process is highly regulated spatially and temporally to ensure accurate division into two daughter cells. Here, I present work that builds upon our understanding of cytokinesis, focusing on the spatial requirements for protein function during cell division and midbody assembly. In Chapter 1, I present an introduction to cytokinesis and the cell and molecular mechanisms that govern the process. In Chapter 2, I present work I contributed to on the u

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Cui, Hong Ph D. "Role of the mitotic spindle in the equal segregation of an extrachromosomal element in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/17846.

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The Saccharomyces cerevisiae plasmid, 2 micron circle, resides in the yeast nucleus at a high copy number. It provides no apparent growth advantage to its host, nor imposes any significant growth disadvantage. The plasmid is an excellent paradigm for studying mechanisms utilized in the persistence of a eukaryotic selfish DNA element that is selectively neutral. The plasmid achieves stable propagation and copy number maintenance by combining a partitioning system and an amplification system. The partitioning proteins Rep1p and Rep2p promote the recruitment of the histone H3 variant Cse4p and th

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Enzor, Rikki S. "The Fanconi anemia signaling network regulates the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5904.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)<br>Fanconi anemia (FA) is a heterogenous genetic syndrome characterized by progressive bone marrow failure, aneuploidy, and cancer predisposition. It is incompletely understood why FA-deficient cells develop gross aneuploidy leading to cancer. Since the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) prevents aneuploidy by ensuring proper chromosome segregation during mitosis, we hypothesized that the FA signaling network regulates the mitotic SAC. A genome-wide RNAi screen and studies in primary cells were performed to systematically evaluat

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Zimdahl, Bryan Jeffrey. "Requirement for Lis1 in Normal and Malignant Stem Cell Renewal." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/8042.

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<p>Stem cells are defined by their ability to make more stem cells, a property known as self-renewal and their ability to generate cells that enter differentiation. One mechanism by which fate decisions can be effectively controlled in stem cells is through asymmetric division and the correct partitioning and inheritance of cell fate determinants. While hematopoietic stem cells have the capacity to divide through asymmetric division, the molecular machinery that regulates this process is unknown and whether its activity is required in vivo remains unclear. Here we show that Lis1, a dynein-bind

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Papaluca, Arturo. "Asymmetric cell division intersects with cell geometry : a method to extrapolate and quantify geometrical parameters of sensory organ precursors." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12060.

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La division cellulaire asymétrique (DCA) consiste en une division pendant laquelle des déterminants cellulaires sont distribués préférentiellement dans une des deux cellules filles. Par l’action de ces déterminants, la DCA générera donc deux cellules filles différentes. Ainsi, la DCA est importante pour générer la diversité cellulaire et pour maintenir l’homéostasie de certaines cellules souches. Pour induire une répartition asymétrique des déterminants cellulaires, le positionnement du fuseau mitotique doit être très bien contrôlé. Fréquemment ceci génère deux cellules filles de tailles diff

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Seldin, Lindsey. "The Role of Spindle Orientation in Epidermal Development and Homeostasis." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/9835.

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<p>Robust regulation of spindle orientation is essential for driving asymmetric cell divisions (ACDs), which generate cellular diversity within a tissue. During the development of the multilayered mammalian epidermis, mitotic spindle orientation in the proliferative basal cells is crucial not only for dictating daughter cell fate but also for initiating stratification of the entire tissue. A conserved protein complex, including LGN, Nuclear mitotic apparatus (NuMA) and dynein/dynactin, plays a key role in establishing proper spindle orientation during ACDs. Two of these proteins, NuMA and dyne

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Fish, Jennifer [Verfasser]. "The evolution of neuronal progenitor cell division in mammals: the role of the abnormal spindle-like microcephaly associated (Aspm) protein and epithelial cell polarity / Jennifer Fish." 2007. http://d-nb.info/985849908/34.

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Rieckhoff, Elisa Maria. "Hierarchical regulation of spindle size during early development." 2019. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A74036.

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During embryogenesis, a single cell gives rise to a multi-cellular embryo through successive rounds of cell division. As cells become smaller, cellular organelles adapt their sizes accordingly. The size of the mitotic spindle—the microtubule-based structure controlling these divisions—is particularly important as it determines the distance over which chromosomes are segregated. To perform its function properly, spindle size scales with cell size. However, we still lack a mechanistic understanding of the underlying microtubule-based processes that regulate spindle scaling. In this thesis, I com

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Chee, Mark Kuan Leng. "B-cyclin/CDK Regulation of Mitotic Spindle Assembly through Phosphorylation of Kinesin-5 Motors in the Budding Yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/5419.

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<p>Although it has been known for many years that B-cyclin/CDK complexes regulate the assembly of the mitotic spindle and entry into mitosis, the full complement of relevant CDK targets has not been identified. It has previously been shown in a variety of model systems that B-type cyclin/CDK complexes, kinesin-5 motors, and the SCF<super>Cdc4</super> ubiquitin ligase are required for the separation of spindle poles and assembly of a bipolar spindle. It has been suggested that in the budding yeast,<italic> Saccharomyces cerevisiae</italic>, B-type cyclin/CDK (Clb/Cdc28) complexes promote spindl

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