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Journal articles on the topic 'Spindles (Machine-tools) Machine-tools'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Yamazaki, Taku, Toshiyuki Muraki, Atsushi Matsubara, Mitsuho Aoki, Kenji Iwawaki, and Kazuyuki Kawashima. "Development of a High-Performance Spindle for Multitasking Machine Tools." International Journal of Automation Technology 3, no. 4 (2009): 378–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2009.p0378.

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In recent years, high-performance spindles are required for multi-tasking machine tools to enhance the productivity. Such spindles enable efficient rough cutting and fine finishing of a workpiece on one machine. In order to meet this requirement, a spindle unit must be highly stiff and operate at high rotational. Spindle specifications require a rotational number of 50,000min-1 and dN value of 3,000,000, a smaller motor was downsized and an electric loss restrained by reducing the thickness of laminate sheets composing the rotor core. A direct-injection type of ultra trace quantity lubrication and a preload switching system were used for ball bearings for high rotational speed and high stiffness. We discuss how these technical requirements were met and the results of basic experiments.

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Yagyu, Shinsuke, Shinji Shimizu, and Noboru Imai. "Mechanism of Thermal Deviation Characteristic in Spindle System of Machine Tools." International Journal of Automation Technology 2, no. 3 (2008): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2008.p0191.

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Thermal deviation in machine tools often caused by spindle rotation, feed motion, or environment temperature change has been widely studied but most of these studies have concentrated on improving or compensating for thermal deviation. No study has covered generating mechanism of thermal deviation, however, and guidelines remain to be established for improving their design. We studied thermal deviation in the spindles of machine tools and propose a thermal deviation model in the spindle taking into consideration the generation mechanism, finding that: (1) The thermal time constant that differs between spindle speed-up and slow-down occurs due to a large difference in the heat capacity of each spindle component. (2) The thermal time constant that decreases with increasing spindle speed occurs due the effect of heat capacity or the heat transfer rate of spindle components.

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Tung, Pham Dinh, Sam Sang You, Nguyen Ngoc Nam, and Sang Do Lee. "Dynamical analysis for the motorised spindles of machine tools." International Journal of Machining and Machinability of Materials 22, no. 3/4 (2020): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmmm.2020.10028414.

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Nam, Nguyen Ngoc, Sang Do Lee, Sam Sang You, and Pham Dinh Tung. "Dynamical analysis for the motorised spindles of machine tools." International Journal of Machining and Machinability of Materials 22, no. 3/4 (2020): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmmm.2020.107055.

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Sawamura, Ryota, Shinya Ikenaga, and Atsushi Matsubara. "Development of Dynamic Loading Device for Rotating Spindle of Machine Tools." Key Engineering Materials 523-524 (November 2012): 544–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.523-524.544.

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High performance milling spindles, which have high rigidity and high speed, are required for high productive machining. In order to evaluate the rigidity change of the spindle, authors has been developed a magnetic loading device. This device provides attractive force in radial direction to a dummy tool attached to a spindle. By using this device, the static stiffness of the rotating spindle has been successfully evaluated. However the loading rate could not be controlled due to the electric response lag caused by the magnetic field. To solve this problem, electric response of the coil-tool system with the air gap is analyzed and the dynamic response is estimated. The air-gap's influence on the load was also evaluated. Based on the analysis, a dynamic loading test is designed carried out for the measurement of the rigidity of a machine tool spindle.

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Brecher, C. Prof, S. Neus, H. M. Eckel, T. Motschke, and M. Fey. "Frequenzgangmessung an Spindeln unter Drehzahl*/FRF Measurement on rotating spindles." wt Werkstattstechnik online 107, no. 05 (2017): 318–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2017-05-14.

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Das statische und dynamische Verhalten von Hauptspindelsystemen ist über Nachgiebigkeitsfrequenzgänge beschreibbar. Dabei beeinflussen Drehzahleffekte die dynamischen Nachgiebigkeiten des Systems Werkzeug – Werkzeugschnittstelle – Spindel maßgeblich. Dieser Fachartikel beschreibt eine Methodik zur messtechnischen Ermittlung von Nachgiebigkeitsfrequenzgängen an rotierenden Spindeln mit absoluter sowie relativer Kraftanregung in Verbindung mit berührungsloser Verlagerungsmessung. &nbsp; The static and dynamic behavior of main spindles in machine tools can be described via Frequency Response Functions (FRFs). Dynamic compliances of the system tool-interface-spindle are decisively influenced by rotational speed effects. This technical article describes a methodology for FRF measurement of rotating spindles with absolute and relative force excitation in conjunction with non-contact displacement measurement.

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Shamine, D. M., S. W. Hong, and Y. C. Shin. "Experimental Identification of Dynamic Parameters of Rolling Element Bearings in Machine Tools." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 122, no. 1 (1998): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.482432.

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In-situ identification is essential for estimating bearing joint parameters involved in spindle systems because of the inherent interaction between the bearings and spindle. This paper presents in-situ identification results for rolling element bearing parameters involved in machine tools by using frequency response functions (FRF’s). An indirect estimation technique is used for the estimation of unmeasured FRF’s, which are required for identification of joint parameters but are not available. With the help of an index function, which is devised for indicating the quality of estimation or identification at a particular frequency, the frequency region appropriate for identification is selected. Experiments are conducted on two different machine tool spindles. Repeatable and accurate joint coefficients are obtained for both machine tool systems. [S0022-0434(00)02501-6]

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Chan, Tzu-Chi, Ze-Kai Jian, and Yu-Chuan Wang. "Study on the Digital Intelligent Diagnosis of Miniature Machine Tools." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (2021): 8372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188372.

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Several industries are currently focusing on smart technologies, high customization, and the integration of solutions. This study focuses on the intelligent diagnosis of digital small machine tools. Furthermore, the main technology processes and cases for smart manufacturing for machine tool applications are introduced. Owing to the requirements of automated processing to determine the quality of a process in advance, the health status of a machine should be monitored in real time, and machine abnormalities should be detected periodically. In this study, we captured the real-time signals of temperature, spindle current, and the vibration of three small five-axis machine tools. Moreover, we used a principal component analysis to diagnose and compare the health status of the spindles and machines. We developed a miniature machine tool health monitoring application to avoid time delays and loss from damage, and used the application to monitor the machine health online under an actual application. Therefore, the technology can also be used in an online diagnosis of machine tools through modeling technology, allowing the user to monitor trends in the machine health. This research provides a feasible method for monitoring machine health. We believe that the intelligent functions of machine tools will continue to increase in the future.

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Choi, Chi-Hyuk, and Choon-Man Lee. "A variable preload device using liquid pressure for machine tools spindles." International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 13, no. 6 (2012): 1009–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12541-012-0131-2.

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Kondo, Ryo, Daisuke Kono, and Atsushi Matsubara. "Evaluation of Machine Tool Spindle Using Carbon Fiber Composite." International Journal of Automation Technology 14, no. 2 (2020): 294–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2020.p0294.

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Spindle is one of the most important component of machine tools because spindle’s performance including thermal property and dynamic property greatly influences the accuracy and productivity in machining process. This study investigates the effect of the application of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) to the spindle shaft on the performance of machine tool spindles. CFRP and steel spindle shafts with the same geometry were developed for fair comparison. Thermal and dynamic properties of the developed shaft and spindle unit were evaluated and compared. The experimental and simulation results showed that the CFRP spindle shaft improved the axial thermal displacement and dynamic stiffness. The axial thermal displacement was decreased to 1/3 of that of the steel spindle. The compliance was also decreased to 1/2. The design of the thermal displacement distribution around the bearing should be an important issue in the CFRP spindle for the thermal stability of the dynamic property.

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Weber, M., M. Helfert, F. Unterderweide, E. Abele, and M. Weigold. "Synchronreluktanz-Motorspindeln in Werkzeugmaschinen*/Synchronous reluctance motor spindles in machine tools – Energy-efficient drives increase accuracy and reduce cooling requirements of machining centers." wt Werkstattstechnik online 109, no. 01-02 (2019): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2019-01-02-74.

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Im Rahmen des vom Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi) geförderten Projekts „ETA-Fabrik“ am Institut für Produktionsmanagement, Technologie und Werkzeugmaschinen (PTW) der Technischen Universität Darmstadt konnte die Energieeffizienz von Motorspindeln als Hauptenergieverbraucher von Werkzeugmaschinen durch Einsatz der Synchronreluktanztechnologie gesteigert werden. In der Konsequenz ergeben sich weitere Energieeinsparpotenziale und produktionstechnische Vorteile durch eine gesamtenergetische Betrachtung der Werkzeugmaschine mit Kühlsystem und intelligentem Spindelthermomanagement. &nbsp; As part of the ‘ETA-Fabrik’ project funded by the BMWi, the Institute of Production Management, Technology and Machine Tools (PTW) of the TU Darmstadt has used synchronous reluctance drives to increase the energy efficiency of motor spindles as main energy consumers of machine tools. Subsequently, new opportunities for energy savings and advantages for the manufacturing process arise by taking a holistic view on machine tools including the cooling system, proposing an intelligent spindle thermal management.

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Zivkovic, Aleksandar, Milos Knezev, Milan Zeljkovic, Slobodan Navalusic, and Livia Dana Beju. "A study of thermo-elastic characteristics of the machine tool spindle." MATEC Web of Conferences 290 (2019): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929001009.

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In order to avoid the failure of machine tools spindles in the real machining process due to an increase in temperature, it is essential to predict its thermal behavior in the designing phase. The characteristics of machine tools significantly depend on the thermal-elastic behavior of the spindle. These parameters directly affect the productivity and quality of machining operations. This paper presents a thermal - elastic model of the machine tool spindle which was based on the quasi-static model of bearings and the finite element (FE) model of the spindle shaft. Based on quasi-static model of bearings with angular contact, heat generated and thermal contact resistances (TCR) are determined for each position of the balls. The aforementioned constraints have been applied to the 3D FE model of the spindle which allowed for establishing non-stationary change of temperature and thermal deformation. In order to prove the efficacy of the proposed model, experimental measurements of spindle and bearing temperatures were done using thermocouples and thermal imager.

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Xiang, Sitong, Xiaolong Zhu, and Jianguo Yang. "Modeling for spindle thermal error in machine tools based on mechanism analysis and thermal basic characteristics tests." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 228, no. 18 (2014): 3381–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406214531219.

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This paper proposes a method to accurately predict thermal errors in spindles by applying experimental modifications to preliminary theoretical models. First, preliminary theoretical models of the temperature field and the thermal deformation are built via mechanism analysis, which is based on the size of the spindle and the parameters of the bearing. Then, thermal basic characteristics tests are conducted at two different initial temperatures. Finally, the results of the thermal basic characteristic tests are evaluated, and the preliminary theoretical model is modified to obtain the final model. A simulation of axial thermal deformation under different speeds is conducted by finite element analysis. It shows that the relationship between the axial thermal deformation and the speed is approximately linear. The model is validated via some experiments on the spindle of a numerical control lathe. The results indicate that the proposed model precisely predicts the spindle’s temperature field and multi-degree of freedom thermal errors.

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Li, Song Sheng, Hua Wei Mao, Ping Chen, Xiao Huang, and Xiao Yang Chen. "Study of the Method on Cutting-Force Modeling Based on the Current of High-Speed Electric Spindles." Advanced Materials Research 156-157 (October 2010): 517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.156-157.517.

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It is important to build the models for calculating the cutting-forces in high-speed machining, but it is difficult as the special test-bed with the cutting-force measurement system is complicated, cost much and cannot be applied directly on general machining tools. Aiming at the problems above, a new method was put forward about cutting-force modeling based on the current of high-speed electric spindles, in which the cutting-force models could be gained indirectly by analyzing the built-in motor current and the data gotten from cutting experiments on those general machining tools which are installed with electric spindles. Then on a vertical milling machine tool which is equipped with a high-speed electric spindle, a model for calculating the milling force was gotten using the method put forward by this paper. The results show that the method is simple and easy to be used in routine machine tools in plant spots and need no any special test-beds and any complicated measurement systems possessed only in the laboratory conditions.

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Brecher, C., M. Fey, J. Falker, and B. Möller. "Externe Dämpfung bei Hochgeschwindigkeitsspindeln*/External damping in high speed spindles - Comparative investigation of the influence of a damping bush on the stability behavior during milling." wt Werkstattstechnik online 105, no. 05 (2015): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2015-05-9.

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Die dynamischen Eigenschaften der Maschinenstruktur sowie der Hauptspindel bestimmen maßgeblich das dynamische Prozessverhalten von Werkzeugmaschinen. Über eine gezielte Dämpfung an den Lagerstellen der Spindel soll die stabile Schnitttiefe erhöht werden. In diesem Fachbeitrag wird der Einfluss einer Dämpfungsbuchse am Loslagersitz auf das statische, dynamische und das Bearbeitungsverhalten durch die vergleichende Untersuchung zweier Hochgeschwindigkeitsspindeln betrachtet. &nbsp; The dynamic process behavior of machine tools depends on both the characteristics of the machine structure and the main spindle. By means of an additional damping of the bearing bushes, the stable cutting depth of the main spindle is to be increased. In this article, the influence of a damping bush at the floating bearing seat on the static, dynamic and stability behavior is investigated by comparing two high speed spindles.

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Schlagenhauf, T., J. Hillenbrand, B. Klee, and J. Fleischer. "Integration von Machine Vision in Kugelgewindespindeln*/Integration of machine vision in ball screw drives – Integrated system for condition monitoring of ball screw drives." wt Werkstattstechnik online 109, no. 07-08 (2019): 605–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2019-07-08-95.

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Unvorhergesehene Maschinenausfälle von Werkzeugmaschinen durch natürlichen Verschleiß sind häufig auf den Kugelgewindetrieb zurückzuführen. Für eine frühzeitige Erkennung der auftretenden Schäden, präsentiert dieser Beitrag einen Ansatz für die Überwachung von Spindeln von Kugelgewindetrieben mittels integriertem Kamerasystem. Ziel ist die frühzeitige Detektion von Schäden, die auf der Spindeloberfläche erscheinen, um entsprechende Wartungsmaßnahmen abzuleiten. &nbsp; Unforeseen failures of machine tools due to wear are often caused by ball screws. To allow for an early detection of damage, this article presents an approach for monitoring ball screw spindles using an integrated camera system. The aim is to detect initial defects that appear on the spindle surface and derive appropriate maintenance measures.

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Urreta, Harkaitz, Gorka Aguirre, Pavel Kuzhir, and Luis Norberto Lopez de Lacalle. "Seals Based on Magnetic Fluids for High Precision Spindles of Machine Tools." International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 19, no. 4 (2018): 495–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12541-018-0060-9.

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Krstić, Vladislav, Dragan Milčić, and Miodrag Milčić. "A THERMAL ANALYSIS OF THE THREADED SPINDLE BEARING ASSEMBLY IN NUMERICALLY CONTROLLED MACHINE TOOLS." Facta Universitatis, Series: Mechanical Engineering 16, no. 2 (2018): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fume170512022k.

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A threaded gear in machine tools is a mechanical actuator that converts rotary motion into linear one of the machine axis using a recirculating ball-nut. It provides positioning accuracy, uniform motion, silent operation, reduced wear and an increased service life. The bearing assembly of the threaded spindles should provide load transfer (cutting forces and friction forces) while maintaining high guiding accuracy. Due to a high number of the threaded spindle revolutions and the presence of tension in the bearing and a high axial force originating from the cutting and friction forces, the increased heat load due to friction in the bearings is normally expected. For this reason, this paper presents a thermal analysis of the bearing assembly of the threaded spindle which is realized via an axial ball bearing with angular contact of the ZKLN type, produced by the German manufacturer Schaeffler (INA); in other words, a numerical thermal analysis has been performed.

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Dai, He, Shilong Wang, Xin Xiong, Baocang Zhou, Shouli Sun, and Zongyan Hu. "Thermal error modelling of motorised spindle in large-sized gear grinding machine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 231, no. 5 (2017): 768–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405417696335.

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Thermal errors are one of the most significant factors that influence the machining precision of machine tools. For large-sized gear grinding machine tools, thermal errors of beds, columns and rotary tables are decreased by their huge heat capacity. However, different from machine tools of normal sizes, thermal errors increase with greater power in motorised spindles. Thermal error compensation is generally considered as a relatively effective, convenient and cost-efficient approach in thermal error control and reduction. This article proposes two thermal error prediction models for motorised spindles based on an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and support vector machine, respectively. In the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system–based model, the temperature values are divided into different groups using subtractive clustering. A hybrid learning scheme is adopted to adjust membership functions so as to learn from the input data. In the particle swarm optimisation support vector machine–based model, particle swarm optimisation is used to optimise the hyperparameters of the established model. Thermal balance experiments are conducted on a large-sized computer numerical control gear grinding machine tool to establish the prediction models. Comparative results show that the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system model has higher prediction accuracy (with residual errors within ±2.5 μm in the radial direction and ±3 μm in the axial direction) than the support vector machine model.

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Fedorynenko, Dmytro, Serhii Sapon, Sergiy Boyko, and Anastasiia Urlina. "Increasing of Energy Efficiency of Spindles with Fluid Bearings." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 11, no. 3 (2017): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ama-2017-0031.

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AbstractPromising ways of energy efficiency gain of spindles with fluid flow bearings are offered. New design of journal hybrid flow bearing which contains spherical bearing pockets and adjustable valves with relay control system is offered to improve energy efficiency of spindle units of machine tools. To reduce power losses of fluid bearings at high speed special lubrication based on water with integrated system of corrosion protection is offered. Results of theoretical research of energy consumption of grinding machine tool with a new design of spindle hybrid bearings are presented. Power losses of the spindle unit with both new design and base design of journal bearings are assessed. Effectiveness of new design of spindle hybrid bearings at high operating speeds is shown.

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Li, Song Hua, Ming Hao Feng, Xue Li, Yu Hou Wu, and Xiao Lin Jin. "Research on Application of Advanced Ceramics in Machine Tool Spindles." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 1448–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.1448.

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One important demand on spindle systems in modern machine tools is to realize higher rotational speed in order to increase the machining efficiency. So, the low rotational inertia and high fundamental natural frequency are indispensable. Because of advanced ceramics' extraordinary physical properties such as high hardness, low thermal expansion, light weight, abrasion resistant and good chemical and thermal stability, it accommodates very well the high-speed and precision requirements of machine tool spindles. In this study, a high-speed ceramic spindle system equipped with high-performance structural ceramic shaft and fully-ceramic ball bearings was designed and developed. The high-speed ceramic motorized spindle prototype was assembled with high precision successfully, and its performance test and analysis were finished. The test results show that ceramic motorized spindle can reduce the high-speed rotational centrifugal force and inertia force and increase the stiffness and rotation accuracy of spindle-bearing system greatly.

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Gaber, Omar, and Seyed M. Hashemi. "Prediction of Updated Cutting Parameters for a Spindle Subjected to Bearing Wear: A Free Vibration-Based Approach." Advanced Materials Research 816-817 (September 2013): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.816-817.119.

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The effects of spindles vibrational behavior on the stability lobes and the chatter behavior of machine tools are discussed. Multi-segment spinning spindle models, developed based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam bending theory, have revealed that the system exhibits coupled Bending-Bending (B-B) vibration and its natural frequencies are found to decrease with increasing spinning speed. It has also been observed from the experimental data that an average spindle goes through three stages of operation, namely settling, normal operation and failure. As spindle fundamental frequency changes, the stability lobes change, i.e., the originally selected cutting parameters could lead to chatter. It is shown that using the experimental results, it is possible to establish an expression for the variation of spindle's fundamental frequency in terms of machine hours, which can in turn be used to predict chatter-free cutting parameters through calibrated models and the stability lobes.

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Orlowski, Kazimierz A., Przemyslaw Dudek, Daniel Chuchala, Wojciech Blacharski, and Tomasz Przybylinski. "The Design Development of the Sliding Table Saw Towards Improving Its Dynamic Properties." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20 (2020): 7386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207386.

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Cutting wood with circular saws is a popular machining operation in the woodworking and furniture industries. In the latter sliding table saws (panel saws) are commonly used for cutting of medium density fiberboards (MDF), high density fiberboards (HDF), laminate veneer lumber (LVL), plywood and chipboards of different structures. The most demanded requirements for machine tools are accuracy and precision, which mainly depend on the static deformation and dynamic behavior of the machine tool under variable cutting forces. The aim of this study is to present a new holistic approach in the process of changing the sliding table saw design solutions in order to obtain a better machine tool that can compete in the contemporary machine tool market. This study presents design variants of saw spindles, the changes that increase the critical speeds of spindles, the measurement results of the dynamic properties of the main drive system, as well as the development of the machine body structure. It was proved that the use of only rational imitation in the spindle design on the basis of the other sliding table saws produced does not lead to the expected effect in the form of correct spindle operation.

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Berger, Matthias, and Dennis Korff. "Avoiding Collision Damage of Motor Spindles through an Innovative Overload Protection System." Advanced Materials Research 1018 (September 2014): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1018.357.

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Different causes lead to unforeseen contact situations between moving components in the working space of machine tools. These collisions can result in damage of the machine components. High cost and machine downtime are the consequences. This article presents a solution for the reduction of contact forces in case of collision. The damages of the machine structure and the main components like the motor spindle can be successfully avoided. Further a modified mechanism with higher stiffness and better process properties of the protection system will be described and compared to the current status.

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Chen, Chih Ming, and Cheng Ho Chen. "Discussion the Re-Use Precision Locknut of the Machine Tools Spindle in the Vertical Assembly Characteristics." Advanced Materials Research 853 (December 2013): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.853.441.

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This paper is to investigate the characteristics of re-use precision locknuts of the machine tools spindles in the vertical assembly under different effective diameters, locking axial forces and clasp screw locking torques in the static tests for the axial force change rates. The results with the new flank locking precision locknuts are compared to the re-use nuts with different values; we obtain the decline of axial force change rates from predetermined equations using regress analysis to conduct experimental forecasts. In the experimental results, plastic deformation has occurred in re-use nuts structure in the vertical spindle assembly. The decline of the axial force will be increased along with the nut size; and those of the re-use nuts decline more than the new nuts. Therefore, repetitive uses of the reuse nuts are not recommended.

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Sugimura, Nobuhiro, Shigeru Ueno, Nozomi Mishima, and Soichi Hachiga. "Design and Evaluation of a New-Type Multifunctional Machine Tool - Functional Requirements and Design -." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 9, no. 6 (1997): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1997.p0427.

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The objective of this research is to develop a new type of flexible and multifunctional machine tool which can be integrated into such manufacturing processes as machining, inspection and the heat treatment of mechanical products. The functional requirements of the multifunctional machine tools were initially analyzed based on a questionnaire given to both the users and the designers of machine tools. The basic configuration of the machine tool is proposed to conform to the functional requirements. The configuration designed has two main spindles, for both the tool and the work, one subspindle, and eight rotational and linear feed axes. All the machining processes of turning, milling, 5-axis machining of sculpted surfaces, grinding, slotting gear shaving and laser processing can be carried out using the proposed machine tool without the need for manual set-ups. A simulation model and a scale model are developed that simulate the manufacturing motion processes and the set-up processes of the machine tool.

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Lv, Lang, Wan Li Xiong, and Ju Long Yuan. "Optimization Design of Electrical and Magnetic Characteristics of an Ultra-Precision Machine Tool Motorized Spindle." Advanced Materials Research 69-70 (May 2009): 258–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.69-70.258.

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Electrical and magnetic characteristics of motorized spindles have a great effect on machining quality of ultra-precision machine tools. Bad characteristics will result in significant heat losses, low efficiency and large vibration. Study on optimizing electrical and magnetic characteristics of an inverter-fed induction motor is presented in this paper. A method of optimization design of an inverter-fed induction motor is given. The method is used to design a motor used for an ultra-precision machine tool motorized spindle. By comparing the optimal design with the traditional one, it shows that the total electrical and magnetic heat losses are obviously decreased and the efficiency can be improved.

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Xiang, Sitong, Hongxing Lu, and Jianguo Yang. "Thermal error prediction method for spindles in machine tools based on a hybrid model." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 229, no. 1 (2014): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405414525383.

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Zhang, Guanghui, and Kornel F. Ehmann. "Dynamic design methodology of high speed micro-spindles for micro/meso-scale machine tools." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 76, no. 1-4 (2014): 229–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-014-5887-3.

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Ishizaki, Kosuke, Burak Sencer, and Eiji Shamoto. "Cross Coupling Controller for Accurate Motion Synchronization of Dual Servo Systems." International Journal of Automation Technology 7, no. 5 (2013): 514–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2013.p0514.

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In order to attain higher manufacturing efficiency, “dual” (two) servo systems are widely used in advanced Computer Numerical Controlled (CNC) machine tools. A well-known example is the linear motor driven gantry type of micro machine tools where dual servos are employed to drive the heavier gantry axis. Recently, dual servos are also used in spindle systems. “Double sided milling” is an example where two spindles are required to cooperatively remove material on both sides of a workpiece. Synchronization of dual servo systems is crucial for achieving the desired manufacturing accuracy. This paper presents a crosscoupling controller to accurately synchronize dualmotor driven servo systems. Proposed cross coupling controller penalizes differential positioning error between dual servo drives by modifying the reference position and velocity commands. It improves motion synchronization without affecting the overall tracking bandwidth. A tuning method for the proposed controller is also presented for the control engineer’s practice.

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Rivkin, Alexey. "Research modular tool system influence on the dynamic characteristics of the boring machines." MATEC Web of Conferences 298 (2019): 00028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929800028.

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The article presents the analysis of modern modular tooling systems (MTS). The calculations of the stiffness of joints modules compounds «Yartim-Flex» and dynamic research of spindles of machine tools models IR-320PMF30 and 2D450F2, equipped with this modular tool system.

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Wegener, Konrad, and Atsushi Matsubara. "Special Issue on Advanced Material Driven Design of Machine Tools." International Journal of Automation Technology 14, no. 2 (2020): 261–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2020.p0261.

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The design of machine tools strongly depends on the materials chosen. Increasing requirements on machine tools require the joint optimization of material and design and thus also drive the development of new materials in this field. Digital technologies finally creating a digital shadow of the machine in development also enable the required co-development taking into consideration dynamic, thermal and long term influences and behavior, enabling state and health monitoring to increase the performance of the machine tool to the maximum possible. The choice of material for the different components of machine tools is today even more difficult than ever. The recent review paper by Möhring et al. [1] sheds light on the vast field of properties and decision opportunities of combining materials at hand with design features. In former times, cast iron was the predominant material for machine bodies and has left its footprints on the design of machine tool bodies lasting still up to now. Because massive machine bodies have been the wealth of good properties, high accuracy, stiffness, good material damping properties have been attributed to cast iron design, then with increasing strength requirements higher strength cast irons came into fashion having much less material damping and finally lead to welded frames. Today requirements of dynamics and thermal behavior change the scene again. The goal is to achieve high productivity with high accuracy, which typically is a contradiction. But increasing dynamics requires distinguishing between moving bodies and their non-moving counterparts, and opens the floor for multimaterial design. For moving parts, which have to move with high dynamics meaning, high speed, high acceleration, high jerk, light weight design prevailed with the utilization of standard materials. Because manufacturability plays a major role, the bionic structures have to be degraded to thin walled rib structures as demonstrated in Fig. 1, while in future additive manufacturing will remove that restriction and enable some real bionic structures. Furthermore material choice has a huge impact on inertia savings which opens the door for CFRP, which becomes especially interesting, when the anisotropy of this material is exploited as shown in Fig. 2. From the manufacturability truss structures then result shown in Fig. 3. For the nonmoving elements, the base body, cast iron, welded steel, polymer cast, and concrete are typical materials chosen. Also aluminium structures are discussed despite the fact that aluminium has only one third of the stiffness of steel, but it offers much better thermal conductivity equalizing temperature differences faster and thus reduces the warp of the structure, which typically causes larger errors than an isotropic thermal expansion. For the choice of materials no generalizable guideline exists. The question which material is the better choice is not answerable in generality, because design follows material, which means that a sound comparison requires completely new design approaches for the different materials, where the difference between metal and polymer concrete or CFRP is really large, offering different potentials. As an example, a design of a fast moving bridge of a gantry machine might be considered. The guiding of a support on this bridge with roller guidings imposes severe problems to the design due to the material mix and different thermal expansion coefficients. Thus the choice of CFRP for the bridge necessarily must be followed up by a decision of the guiding principle, where in this case aerostatic bearings were considered as the most promising possibility. Also the potentials for function integration into the material are of major interest for the material choice, as this is easily possible for low temperature castings like for mineral cast, CFRP, or concrete. This integration of functionalities actually is a fairly new approach and relates again the machine body design to inspiration from biology, as for instance trees or leaves are from the point of view of materials weaker than our technical materials, but have a fine integration of functionalities as transmittance of information and nourriture. Sensor integration opens the field for “feeling machines” also inspired from biology, which enables the machine to detect its embedding environment and react accordingly. Cheap and miniaturized sensors are on the other side the developments that enable this approach of machine design. In the age of compensation, Industrie 4.0 and biological transformation, this functional integration will have a huge impact on material choice. Also in terms of thermal issues in machine tools, the material choice plays a major role, as thermal elongation is a physical property which is influenced by material choice. A much larger influence comes from design as indicated already above. With growing importance of compensation besides sensor integration, especially the thermal linearity and reproducibility are of crucial importance, which makes multi material design a non-trivial design task. The discussion on the superiority of thermally fast reacting machines or thermally slow reacting machines has not come to an end yet. Problematic are machines composed of components that react fast and those that react slow. A major step in that direction is the discovery of thermal resonances in [5], which shows that temperature change frequencies can depending on the machine design lead to higher or lower thermal displacements of the TCP and therefore need to be taken into account in the design phase and are significantly influenced by the choice of materials. Restrictions and influences are also coming from the process a machine tool has to enable. The material choice must take into account the influence of different media as for instance the metal working fluids as well as the debris like hot chips etc. The aforementioned discussion is mainly a discussion of main structural parts of machine tools. It must be pointed out that a machine tool is more than the sum of its structural elements, as also covers, which typically get forgotten in all academic discussion of behaviors of machine tools, but are significant for the influence of the environment on the machine tool. Also here the material choice plays a major role. Finally material choice to a large extent decides on the costs of a machine tool, but due to the huge amount of influence factors a sound fact based decision requires a nearly full design elaboration of various material choices and the summation of costs at the end of this process. This special issue with its various individual papers elucidates different aspects of the influence of materials on the design of machine tools without being capable of offering clear rules for material choice. ===danraku===1) Isolating material to exclude environmental influences on machine tools is proposed. ===danraku===2) A new guiding system with rollers and sliding guidings is proposed and the different materials for the sliding part are investigated. ===danraku===3) Gears from bamboo fibres are proposed and the manufacturability as well as their performance are discussed. The gears offer great advantages from the environmental point of view. ===danraku===4) CFRP for spindle shafts is evaluated and CFRP spindles are compared with steel spindles within the same geometric boundary conditions. The performance increase in compliance and thermal stability is significant. ===danraku===5) A topological optimization of a grinding machine tool structure is presented and showed drastically increased performance. The difficulty to transfer it to a mass producible machine tool structure is pointed out. ===danraku===6) A design of a CFRP ram for a high speed stamping press is presented and testing procedures to ensure the ability of the ram to withstand billions of impacts are designed and carried out. ===danraku===7) CFRP can beneficially applied for the cutting tool structure and besides enhancing dynamics in terms of mass and damping the material also is a valuable basis for smart tools. There are good arguments for each of the materials, which cover the whole scope of machine tool functionality: manufacturability, stiffness, strength, specific mass, thermal properties, function integrability, reproducibility, availability, environmental friendliness, and costs.

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Park, Hyung Wook. "Study of an Identification Method of the Mesoscale Tool Position." Key Engineering Materials 450 (November 2010): 271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.450.271.

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The increasing demand for micro/mesoscale components for electronic, biological, and medical applications has brought about continuing developments in mechanical micromachining. Various economic and technical advantages have led to decreases in the overall sizes of the machine tools used in this process, which are known as mesoscale machine tools (MMTs). Rather than shrinking and adapting conventional instruments, this technical trend has motivated the development of new techniques involving clamping devices, inspection, spindles, etc. This study reviewed possible detection techniques for mesoscale tool positioning, including conductivity-based, laser-beam, thin-plate, and acoustic-emission (AE) methods. Preliminary experimental studies of the laser-beam and AE methods were carried out using simple test beds.

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Molodtsov, Vladimir Vladimirovich, and Andrey Yurevich Barbin. "Reasonable Choice of Motorized Spindles with HSK Tool Connection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 607 (July 2014): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.607.229.

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The article describes the problem of reasonable choice of parameters of main motion drive of modern multi-purpose machine tools. Authors propose a multi-purpose methodological model for reasonable estimation of operational capabilities of motorized spindles and efficiency of equipment usage for performing of required technological operations. Dependencies are provided considering influence of HSK connection on operational parameters of drives.

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Tu, J. F., and J. L. Stein. "Active Thermal Preload Regulation for Machine Tool Spindles With Rolling Element Bearings." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 118, no. 4 (1996): 499–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2831059.

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Modern machine tools are required to operate at wide speed ranges for higher productivity and quality. Because spindle bearings generate a large amount of heat at high speeds, the compensation for thermal effects in machine tools becomes exceedingly important. In this paper, a preload model is developed to describe how external cooling (or heating) affects the bearing preload. Based on the model, an active thermal preload regulation scheme is proposed and its feasibility is validated experimentally. The proposed preload regulation scheme is achieved by circulating a cooling (or heating) flow around the spindle housing to manipulate the housing and the outer ring temperatures. The results show that thermal preload is highly sensitive to the spindle outer ring and housing temperatures, and with proper preload level regulated by the cooling flow, the bearing runs steadier with less thermal preload fluctuations and is less disturbed by external loading. The results are significant for modern high performance spindle designs where different preload levels are required to cope with different machining conditions and where cooling is adopted to remove the large amount of heat produced at high speeds.

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Chen, Shao Hsien, Shang Te Chen, and Chien Cheng Hsu. "The Impact of Different Axial Oil Chamber Design on Hydrostatic Spindle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 789-790 (September 2015): 296–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.789-790.296.

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High-precision machining and large-scale tool are the most primary development trend of current machine tool and hydrostatic products are key technologies of high-precision machining equipments. However, these equipments mostly process miniature components, thus the adopted tools are relatively small and the spindles mainly use are mainly built-in types of HSK32 to HSK25 with revolutions speed over 25,000rpm. Some processing equipments are even equipped with hydrostatic or gas-static spindles. The study extends the axial oil chamber to radial ones to expand the action area of axial oil pressure and form a closed oil seal edge by combining the radial clearance. Consequently, the axial bearing stiffness can be enhanced to enlarge the application scope of hydrostatic spindle. The design mode can enhance axial stiffness of spindle modules or strengthen the stiffness of hydrostatic spindle in a ball screw.

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Gaber, Omar, and Seyed M. Hashemi. "Vibration Modeling of Machine Tool Spindles: A Calibrated Dynamic Stiffness Matrix Method." Advanced Materials Research 651 (January 2013): 710–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.651.710.

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The effects of spindles vibrational behavior on the stability lobes and the Chatter behavior of machine tools have been established. The service life has been observed to reducethe system natural frequencies. An analytical model of a multi-segment spinning spindle, based on the Dynamic Stiffness Matrix (DSM) formulation, exact within the limits of the Euler-Bernoulli beam bending theory, is developed. The system exhibits coupled Bending-Bending (B-B) vibration and its natural frequencies are found to decrease with increasing spinning speed. The bearings were included in the model usingboth rigid, simply supported, frictionless pins and flexible linear spring elements. The linear spring element stiffness is then calibrated so that the fundamental frequency of the system matches the nominal value.

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Gopalakrishnan,, V., D. Fedewa,, M. G. Mehrabi,, S. Kota, and, and N. Orlandea. "Parallel Structures and Their Applications in Reconfigurable Machining Systems." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 124, no. 2 (2002): 483–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1459468.

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Reconfigurable Machine Tools (RMTs), assembled from machine modules such as spindles, slides and worktables are designed to be easily reconfigured to accommodate new machining requirements. Their goal is to provide exactly the capacity and functionality, exactly when needed. In this paper, we present a novel parallely-actuated work-support module as a part of an RMT to meet the machining requirements of specific features on a family of automotive cylinder heads. A prototype of the proposed module is designed/built and experimental results regarding its performance are presented.

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Urreta, Harkaitz, Gorka Aguirre, Pavel Kuzhir, and Luis Norberto Lopez de Lacalle. "Actively lubricated hybrid journal bearings based on magnetic fluids for high-precision spindles of machine tools." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 30, no. 15 (2019): 2257–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x19862358.

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The research work reported in this article is focused on the use of magnetic fluids as active lubricant for improving the performance of hybrid journal bearings, with application to high-precision machine tools. Prototype design was optimized following numerical computation of Reynolds equation and computational fluid dynamics calculations, in both cases with Herschel–Bulkley model for the magnetorheological fluid. This fluid (LORD Corp. MRF 122-2ED) was experimentally characterized in detail. The improvement of the hydrodynamic effect in journal bearings was demonstrated with 50% higher load capacity and stiffness, mainly at half of shaft eccentricity 0.4 < ε < 0.7. Active hydrostatic lubrication achieved quasi-infinite stiffness within working limits (load and speed), at low frequencies. For high dynamic response, the active lubrication based on magnetorheological valves did not show good response. The feasibility of using magnetic fluids for developing high performance machine tool spindles and the validity of the simulation models was demonstrated experimentally.

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Hwang, Young-Kug, and Choon-Man Lee. "Development of a simple determination method of variable preloads for high speed spindles in machine tools." International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 16, no. 1 (2015): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12541-015-0016-2.

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Slavov, Vasil, Martin Kimmelmann, and Uwe Heisel. "Media, Data and Energy Transmission in Machine Tool Spindles: An FE Analysis of Implementation Possibilities." Applied Mechanics and Materials 794 (October 2015): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.794.403.

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The intention of the research project „BaZMod“ [1], funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), is to develop connections for additional cyber-physical modules, such as intelligent tools, actuators and measuring systems, to machine tools. At present, everybody is talking about such intelligent systems, known under the catchword “Industry 4.0”. Using simulations, it is analysed in this paper how the media, data and energy transmission within the spindle unit can be expanded. An FE model of a spindle unit is created and validated with experimental data by solving an optimisation problem. Then transmission concepts and design solutions are suggested with respect to transmitting media, data and energy through the spindle shaft. In addition, it is presented how the necessary changes in design affect the static and dynamic system behaviour.

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Komanduri, R., J. McGee, R. A. Thompson, et al. "On a Methodology for Establishing the Machine Tool System Requirements for High-Speed/High-Throughput Machining." Journal of Engineering for Industry 107, no. 4 (1985): 316–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3186004.

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This paper presents a methodology for determining the machine tool system requirements for high-speed machining (HSM)/high-throughput machining (HTM). Both technological and economic factors should be considered in the formulation of the model for determining machine tool system requirements. The HSM function model is given here in the form of ICAM-defined (IDEFo) charts with corresponding text. For machining most aluminum alloys, the maximum cutting speed is not limited by tool life, and the technology for high-speed machine tools (spindles, table drives, controls, chip management, and other features) exists today. Therefore, HSM of aluminum alloys can be implemented. Selection of a suitable HSM system involves detailed technological analysis and economic justification for a given part-family production configuration. The recent introduction of Si3N4 based tool materials has enabled significantly higher cutting speeds (up to 1524 mpm or 5000 sfpm) in the machining of gray cast iron. However, the machine tools using this type of tool material should be more rigid and capable of higher power, higher speed, and faster feed in order to increase productivity and reduce manufacturing costs. In the machining of the difficult-to-machine materials (e.g., superalloys), the cutting speed is still limited by tool wear. Nevertheless, a high-throughput machining (HTM) strategy is pertinent for this application.

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Fu, Cheng-Biao, An-Hong Tian, Her-Terng Yau, and Mao-Chin Hoang. "Thermal monitoring and thermal deformation prediction for spherical machine tool spindles." Thermal Science 23, no. 4 (2019): 2271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci1904271f.

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Machine tool operations and processing can cause temperature changes in various components because of internal and external thermal effects. Thermal deformations caused by thermal effect in machine tools can result in errors in processing size or shape and decrease processing precision. Thus, this paper focuses on the analysis of heating during machine tool spindle?s high speed operation, which is the heat source that causes component and structural deformation. In this paper, thermal monitoring was used to build a thermal error prediction model. Temperature change around the spindle was measured with a DS18B20, then multiple regression analysis was used to establish the relationship between thermal deformation quantity and temperature fields at specific points. Finally, finite element analysis was used to build the thermal error model. A solution for the correlation coefficient was obtained using the least squares method. The result of this study verified that finite element analysis can predict front bearing and rear bearing temperature rise, and is consistent with laboratory results. The error in thermal steady-state deformation prediction was less than 2 ?m. This information can be used by the controller to effectively compensate the processing and improve processing precision.

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Aramaki, Hirotoshi, Yoshio Shoda, Yuka Morishita, and Takeshi Sawamoto. "The Performance of Ball Bearings With Silicon Nitride Ceramic Balls in High Speed Spindles for Machine Tools." Journal of Tribology 110, no. 4 (1988): 693–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261715.

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Two types of angular contact ball bearings for machine tools having steel rings and silicon nitride balls were tested and the temperature rise was compared with that of conventional steel ball bearings with grease lubrication and oil-air lubrication as well. Experimental results indicated that the temperature rise of silicon nitride ball bearings was much lower than that of steel ball bearings at high speeds. Calculations made using a computer demonstrated that the reduction of gyroscopic moments and centrifugal forces acting on balls because of the low density of silicon nitride resulted in about 30 to 50 percent less frictional loss at high speeds even with low-cost lubrication such as grease or oil-air.

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SHIMIZU, Shinji, Hua Soo LEE, and Kojiro NISHIDA. "Basic study on the development of an automatic balancer for high-speed spindles used in machine tools." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 56, no. 526 (1990): 1592–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.56.1592.

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Yu, Dong Man, Chang Pei Shang, Di Wang, and Zhi Hua Gao. "Bearing Loads Study for High-Speed Motorized Spindle." Key Engineering Materials 480-481 (June 2011): 1511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.480-481.1511.

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Due to high rotation accuracy, high dynamic stiffness, high vibration damping and long life, high-speed spindles supported by hydrodynamic and hydrostatic hybrid bearings are widely applied in the field of high-speed precision machine tools. The basic structure and working principal was detailed introduced, and then demonstrated a series of models and specifications of motorized spindle manufactured by FISCHER company in Switzerland. The finite element model of high-speed motorized spindle was built up and carried out thermal analysis to study the heat generation and heat transfer. With the help of ANSYS finite element software, the temperature field distribution and the temperature rise condition for motorized spindle were analyzed. The result indicates that the front bearing has a higher temperature than that of back bearing. The maximum temperature of inner ring is bigger than that of outer ring.

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Wang, K. W., Y. C. Shin, and C. H. Chen. "On the Natural Frequencies of High-Speed Spindles with Angular Contact Bearings." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Mechanical Engineering Science 205, no. 3 (1991): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1991_205_105_02.

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Experimental evidence has shown that the natural frequencies of a high-speed spindle decrease with increasing rotational speeds. While this phenomenon is important to the design and operation of high-speed machine tools, it has not been thoroughly analysed. This paper presents a spindle model that can be used to analyse the changes in bearing stiffness and the natural frequencies of the system. It is shown that the system dynamics can vary substantially due to bearing centrifugal force and shaft gyroscopic effects. The findings can be utilized in optimizing the design and control of high-speed spindle systems.

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Uhlmann, Eckart, Julian Polte, Sebastian Salein, et al. "Entwicklung einer thermoelektrisch temperierten Motorspindel/Development of a thermoelectrically tempered motorised spindle – Integration of Peltier modules in a high-frequency motorised spindle to reduce thermally induced displacements based on direct temperature control." wt Werkstattstechnik online 110, no. 05 (2020): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2020-05-31.

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Bei der spanenden Bearbeitung mit Werkzeugmaschinen wird ein signifikanter Anteil der geometrischen Bauteilfehler durch eine thermisch bedingte veränderte Lagezuordnung zwischen Zerspanwerkzeug und Werkstück verursacht. Verantwortlich hierfür sind elektrische sowie mechanische Verlustleistungen, durch die signifikante Wärmeströme in die angrenzenden Komponenten induziert werden. Die Antriebe sowie die Lager von Motorspindeln stellen solche maßgebliche Wärmequellen dar und besitzen aufgrund der Nähe zur Zerspanstelle einen erheblichen Einfluss auf die erreichbare Arbeitsgenauigkeit von Werkzeugmaschinen. Mit dem Ziel, die thermischen Verlagerungen von Motorspindeln zu reduzieren, entwickelt das Institut für Werkzeugmaschinen und Fabrikbetrieb (IWF) in Kooperation mit der Alfred Jäger GmbH ein thermoelektrisches Temperiersystem für Motorspindeln. Der Lösungsansatz sieht die Integration von prismatischen sowie tubularen Peltierelemente vor, die eine unmittelbare Temperaturregelung der genauigkeitsbestimmenden Motorspindelkomponenten ermöglichen. Die Realisierung eines geregelten Kühl- und Heizbetriebs bietet insbesondere bei wechselnden Lasten das Potenzial zur Einhaltung eines thermischen Beharrungszustandes und damit zur Reduktion thermisch bedingter Verlagerungen. Die Funktionsweise des thermoelektrischen Temperiersystems sowie die positiven Auswirkungen auf das thermische Systemverhalten werden anhand von experimentellen Daten eines Demonstrators verdeutlicht. Zudem präsentiert der Beitrag den aktuellen Entwicklungsstand einer thermoelektrisch temperierten Motorspindel sowie das Potenzial zur Reduktion thermisch bedingter Verlagerungen. &nbsp; During machining of parts, a significant proportion of geometrical errors is caused by thermally induced shifts of the positional correlation between tool and workpiece. This is due to electrical and mechanical power losses, which induce significant heat flow rates into the adjacent machine tool components. The drives and bearings of motorised spindles represent such significant heat sources. Due to their position close to the cutting point, motorised spindles have a considerable influence on the achievable working accuracy of machine tools. In order to reduce the thermal displacements of motorised spindles, the Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management (IWF) and the Alfred Jäger GmbH develop a thermoelectric temperature control system for motorised spindles. The solution approach is based on prismatic as well as tubular Peltier modules, which allow a direct temperature control of the precision related components. Especially, in case of changing induced heat flow rates, the system offers the Potenzial to maintain a thermal steady state by controlled cooling or heating and thus, a reduction of thermally induced displacements. On basis of experimentally determined data of a scaled-down test bench, the functionality of the thermoelectric temperature control system as well as the positive effects on the thermal system behaviour could be demonstrated. In addition, the current state of development of the thermoelectrically tempered motorised spindle is presented and the Potenzial to reduce thermally induced displacements is pointed out.

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Fan, Hongwei, Jin Wang, Sijie Shao, Minqing Jing, Heng Liu, and Xuhui Zhang. "A Corrected Adaptive Balancing Approach of Motorized Spindle Considering Air Gap Unbalance." Applied Sciences 10, no. 6 (2020): 2197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10062197.

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Motorized spindles widely used for high-speed precision machine tools are very sensitive to the mass unbalance of rotors; thus, their balancing problem is always a research hotspot. Although many significant studies were done regarding the theory and application of various rotor balancing technologies for motorized spindles, the particularity of motorized spindles is not carefully considered in the existing balancing approaches. When the rotor unbalance of a motorized spindle occurs in operation, it is subject to both the mass unbalance-induced inertia force and air gap unbalance-induced electromagnetic force, which is an important feature that distinguishes the motorized spindle from a mechanical spindle. This paper describes an investigation into the corrected adaptive balancing approach of a motorized spindle by newly introducing a coefficient representing the removing effect of the air gap unbalance of the motor on the balancing capacity into the balancing formula. The determination of the newly defined coefficient refers to the calculation of electromagnetic force caused by the dynamic air gap eccentricity of motor; thus, much attention is paid to the analytical derivation of the unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP). Finally, a motorized spindle with an electromagnetic ring balancer was developed; then, the balancing tests and vibration signal analysis were done to validate the effectiveness of the newly proposed balancing approach in residual vibration reduction. It can be seen from the test results under different cases that the proposed balancing approach is effective.

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P. Sundar Singh Sivam, S., K. Saravanan, N. Pradeep, S. Rajendra Kumar, and Sathiyamoorthy Karuppiah. "Comparison of Manufacturing Data Analysis For 5 & 3-Axis Vertical Machining Center for the Time and Tool Benefits of Industries." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.5 (2018): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.5.20044.

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The dawn of globalization of business and competitiveness in manufacturing has forced firms to enhance their manufacturing facilities to reply to plug necessities. One of the crucial factors for this is often machine evaluation that involves a crucial decision using general and obscure information. The Primarily mass production aims high productivity so as to reduce cost and interchangeability to facilitate simple assembly which necessitates the production devices to increase the speed of manufacture. Across the business, the assembly challenges pivot around cutting lead times, increasing throughout and obtaining products to market as quickly as possible alongside some less challenging problems like shorter runs, higher product combine, tighter tolerances, a lot of complicated geometries in harder materials, and complete machining during a single handling. Advancements in technology have resulted in a creation of a lot of responsive tools referred to as MTM systems that are computer numerical Control (CNC) systems capable of acting a variety of operations with multiple tools and spindles in a single setup. The following project aims at reduction of manufacturing cost by modifying the process layout and operational parameters by novel approach for an identical element for 3 and 5- Axis Vertical Machining center. Nowadays, machining layout and operational sequence plays a significant role in automotive business to produce products at competitive price in market which consists of Machines, Tools, fixtures, computer interface, trained professionals and form of products. MAKINO PS60 is a Multi axis CNC machine (BRIDGE PORT), that helps to perform the machining operations on the roles at 5 totally different axes to create the required profiles whose implementation can pave means for a few terribly important benefits like, seven machines are replaced by Single machine, Man power are reduced from 9 to 3 per day, Tools usage reduced from 40 to 30 per day & production cost can reduce up to 60%.

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