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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Spine - Anatomy'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Reimbold, Micheline. "Stability analysis of the spine pertaining to idiopathic scoliosis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1992. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ44102.pdf.

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2

Oppong, Francis. "Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Reduces Dendritic Spine Density across Sensory Cortices." VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2482.

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Dendritic spines are the major site of excitatory synapses in cortex, and factors that reduce dendritic spine numbers will produce serious cortical processing deficits, such as has been demonstrated for mental retardation and other psychiatric disorders. Prenatal alcohol exposure also has detrimental effects on brain development that lead to Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD), which results in reduction of dendritic spine numbers in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and somatosensory cortex. FASD also is associated with temporal processing disorders involving sequential auditory stimuli that would be processed in auditory cortical areas. However, it is unknown if the reduction of spine density following prenatal alcohol exposure occurs at auditory cortex, or is generally reduced across the different sensory cortices. This present study examined that question. Young adult ferrets (176 days old, 1 male, 1 female), that were exposed to alcohol during the equivalent of third-trimester development, were used to prepare Golgi-Cox stained sections through primary auditory cortex (A1). Other cortical regions examined included primary somatosensory (S1), and higher-level multisensory cortices of lateral rostral suprasylvian (LRSS) and rostral posterior parietal (PPr) areas. Control values from normal animals (n=3) were derived from a previous study. The results of this present study demonstrated that, dendritic spine density was significantly (Student's t-test, P < 0.05) lower in the alcohol treated group than in normal controls in all the cortical regions examined. These data indicate that although reduced spine density in auditory cortex may underlie temporal processing disorders in FASD, pre-natal alcohol exposure has widespread consequences for sensory cortical processing in general.
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3

Steffen, Thomas 1958. "Three-dimensional spine biomechanics : a combined in-vivo and ex-vivo approach." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35502.

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4

Bajwa, Moazzum. "Dendritic Spine Density Varies Between Unisensory and Multisensory Cortical Regions." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/87.

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In the brain, the dendritic spine is a point of information exchange that extends the neuronal surface on which synapses occur, as well as facilitates and stabilizes those contacts. Furthermore, dendritic spines dynamically change in shape and number in response to a variety of factors. Dendritic spine numbers are reduced in mental retardation, enhanced during development, sensory enrichment or physical exercise, or fluctuate during the reproductive cycle. Thus, for a given neuron type, it might be expected that dendritic spine number might achieve a dynamic optimum. Indeed, many studies of spine density of pyramidal neurons in sensory cortex indicate that an average of ~1.4 spines/micron occurs is present (Briner et al., 2010). Most such studies examined dendritic spines from primary sensory areas which are dominated by inputs from a single sensory modality. However, there are a large number of neural regions that receive inputs from more than one sensory modality and it is hypothesized that spine density should increase to accommodate these additional inputs. To test this hypothesis, the present experiments used Golgi-Cox stained layer 2-3 pyramidal neurons from ferret primary somatosensory (S1) and auditory (A1) cortical regions, as well as from the higher-level rostral posterior parietal (PPr) and lateral rostral suprasylvian (LRSS) multisensory areas. Spine densities in S1 (avg 1.309 ± 0.247 spines/micron) and A1 (avg 1.343 ± 0.273 spines/micron) were measured to be significantly greater (p<0.05, t-test) than those observed in multisensory regions PPr (avg 1.242 ± 0.205 spines/micron) or LRSS (avg 1.099 ± 0.217 spines/micron). These results also indicate that spine densities are greater in primary (S1, A1) than in higher-level (PPr, LRSS) sensory areas. The functional consequences of such unexpected findings are discussed in light of potential biophysical differences between unisensory and multisensory neurons.
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5

Alves, Lidiane da Silva. "Descrição anatômica das estruturas osteoarticulares do esqueleto axial do tatu-galinha (Dasypus novemcinctus Linnaeus, 1758) por meio da radiografia e tomografia computadorizada." Botucatu, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/134341.

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Orientador: Luiz Carlos Vulcano
Resumo: O tatu-galinha é um dos animais mais populosos da ordem Xenarthra com distribuição do sul dos Estados Unidos até a América do Sul. São animais frequentemente caçados e, em muitos casos, são vítimas de atropelamentos rodoviários. Existem diversos estudos descritivos sobre a fisiologia, a genética e o comportamento, porém a anatomia óssea e articular destes animais ainda é restrita. Este estudo tem por objetivo, descrever a anatomia das estruturas osteoarticulares do esqueleto axial em 20 tatus-galinhas, vivos e carcaças, por meio da radiografia digital e da tomografia computadorizada propiciando informações mais detalhadas da anatomia esquelética desta espécie. Os resultados obtidos são descritivos e detalhados de cada estrutura; sendo observado processos complementares xenartros nas vértebras torácicas caudais até a última vértebra lombar, com proeminentes processos mamilares no segmento toracolombar, vértebras cervicais fusionadas da segunda à quarta vértebras e a presença de sinsacro correspondendo as vértebras sacrais e caudais fusionadas à pelve. A fórmula vertebral obtida nessa amostra de espécimes foi de sete cervicais, dez torácicas, cinco lombares, nove vértebras representando o sinsacro e de 20 a 27 vértebras caudais livres. São animais homodontes apresentando somente dentes molariformes com oito em cada lado do ramo mandibular/maxilar, totalizando 32 dentes. Tais características peculiares do tatu-galinha em relação à coluna vertebral e à dentição foram acreditadas ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Nine-banded armadillo is the most populous of the Xenarthra order with its distribution from southern United States to the South America. The main causes of death for the nine-banded armadillo are hunting and being run over by vehicles. There are several descriptive studies with its physiology, genetic and behavior, but about osseous and joint anatomy of these animals still limited. The aim of this study is to describe the osteoarticular structures anatomy of the axial skeleton in 20 nine-banded armadillos in vivo and carcasses by means of digital radiography and computed tomography providing more detailed information of the skeletal anatomy of this species. Results are descriptive and detailed for each structure, observing xenarthrous complementary processes in the caudal thoracic vertebra to the last lumbar vertebra, with prominent mamillary processes in the thoracolumbar segment, fused cervical vertebra from the second to fourth vertebra, and the presence of synsacrum related to sacral and caudal vertebra fused to the pelvis. Vertebral formula obtained in this sample specimens was 7 cervical, 10 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 9 vertebrae related to the synsacrum, and 20-27 free caudal vertebrae. They are homodont animals presenting only molariform teeth with formula of 8/8, totaling 32 teeth. Such peculiar features of the nine-banded armadillo regarding to the vertebral column and teeth were wondering to be habits adaptations to digging and rolling, and the omnivorous diet, respectiv... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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6

Bauer, Rachel J. "THE EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM DEAFNESS ON DENSITY AND DIAMETER OF DENDRITIC SPINES ON PYRAMIDAL NEURONS IN THE DORSAL ZONE OF THE FELINE AUDITORY CORTEX." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/6028.

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Neuroplasticity has been researched in many different ways, from the growing neonatal brain to neural responses to trauma and injury. According to recent research, neuroplasticity is also prevalent in the ability of the brain to repurpose areas that are not of use, like in the case of a loss of a sense. Specifically, behavioral studies have shown that deaf humans (Bavalier and Neville, 2002) and cats have increased visual ability, and that different areas of the auditory cortex enhance specific kinds of sight. One such behavioral test demonstrated that the dorsal zone (DZ) of the auditory cortex enhances sensitivity to visual motion through cross-modal plasticity (Lomber et. al., 2010). Current research seeks to examine the anatomical structures responsible for these changes through analysis of excitatory neuron dendritic spine density and spine head diameter. This present study focuses on the examination of DZ neuron spine density, distribution, and size in deaf and hearing cats to corroborate the visual changes seen in behavioral studies. Using Golgi-stained tissue and light microscopy, our results showed a decrease in overall spine density but slight increase in spine head diameter in deaf cats compared to hearing cats. These results, along with several other studies, support multiple theories on how cross-modal reorganization of the auditory cortex occurs after deafening
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7

Nascimento, Anderson Luis do. "Estudo morfométrico do pedículo cervical." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17142/tde-07062017-134424/.

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A inserção do parafuso pedicular cervical é um procedimento cirúrgico tecnicamente desafiador. Assim, o amplo conhecimento da morfologia das vértebras cervicais, particularmente do pedículo, é essencial para minimizar o risco de ferimentos graves a estruturas neurovasculares. O objetivo deste estudo foi conduzir uma avaliação detalhada de exames de tomografia computadorizada (TC) na população brasileira do ponto de entrada, trajetória, e dimensões dos pedículos da coluna cervical. Duzentos pacientes consecutivos foram retrospectivamente avaliados utilizando a TC da coluna cervical, com a reconstrução da imagem de cada vértebra no plano axial com 2 mm, e no plano sagital com 3 mm. Os parâmetros no plano axial incluíram a espessura pedicular (EP), o comprimento pedicular axial (CPA), o ângulo pedicular transverso (APT) e a distância do ponto de entrada ao ângulo entre a lâmina e o processo espinhoso (DPE). As medidas no plano sagital envolveram a altura pedicular (AP) e o ângulo pedicular sagital (APS). A EP e AP média são menores nos pacientes do sexo feminino do que nos pacientes do sexo masculino em todas as vertebras cervicais, porém não houve diferença significativa do APT entre os sexos. O APS variou de 15,2° a 23,7°. Os valores médios do CPA e DPE apresentaram uma tendência a diminuir de proximal para distal na coluna cervical. A EP encontrada foi menor que 4 mm em 7,5% dos pacientes do sexo masculino (C3) e em 25% dos pacientes do sexo feminino (C3), e menores que 4,5 mm em 20% dos pacientes do sexo masculino (C3) e em 66% dos pacientes do sexo feminino (C3). A confiabilidade intra e interobservador foram muito boas para a medida tomográfica da EP, e boa para a AP. Para o CPA, a confiabilidade intraobservador foi boa, porém a confiabilidade interobservador variou de moderada a boa. Considerando o APT e APS, a confiabilidade intraobservador foi boa, mas a confiabilidade interobservador moderada para o APT e fraca para o APS. As medidas do DPE evidenciaram fraca confiabilidade intraobservador e fraca ou moderada confiabilidade interobservador. Nossos resultados apresentaram tendência similar aos de estudos prévios, no entanto a frequência de pacientes com a EP < 4,5 mm em nossa população é maior, sugerindo um risco aumentado durante a tentativa de realizar a técnica transpedicular
Pedicular screw insertion is a technically challenged surgical procedure. Thus, extensive knowledge of the morphology of the cervical vertebra, primarily the pedicle, is crucial to reduce severe damage to neurovascular structures. The goal of this study was to conduct a detailed computed tomography (CT) assessment in the Brazilian population of the screw starting point, trajectory, and dimensions of pedicle in the cervical spine. Two hundred consecutive patients were retrospectively evaluated using cervical spine CT, with imaging reconstruction of each cervical vertebra in the axial plane with 2mm, and in sagittal reconstructions with 3mm. Parameters in axial plane included the pedicle width (PW), pedicle axis length (PAL), pedicle transverse angle (PTA), and the distance from the entry point to the point between the lamina and spinous process (DEP). Measurements in the sagittal plane involved the pedicle height (PH) and the pedicle sagittal angle (PSA). The mean PW and PH were smaller in females than in males in all cervical vertebrae, but there were no significant differences of PTA among genders. PSA ranged from 15.2° to 23.7°. Mean values of PAL and DEP had a tendency to decrease from the proximal to distal cervical vertebrae. PW was <4 mm in 7.5% of men (C3) and 25% of women (C3), and <4.5 mm in 20% (C3 male) and 66% (C3 female). The intra- and inter-observer reliability were very good for the tomographic measurement of PW, and good for PH. For PAL, the intraobserver reliability was good, but the interobserver reliability varied from moderate to good. Considering PTA and PSA, the intraobserver reliability was good, but the interobserver reliability moderate for PTA and poor or fair for PSA. DEP measurements showed poor intraobserver reliability, and poor or moderate interobserver reliability. Our results presented similar trend of previous studies, but the frequency of patients with PW <4.5 mm in our population is higher, suggesting an increased risk during the attempting of transpedicular screw technique
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8

Alves, Lidiane da Silva [UNESP]. "Descrição anatômica das estruturas osteoarticulares do esqueleto axial do tatu-galinha (Dasypus novemcinctus Linnaeus, 1758) por meio da radiografia e tomografia computadorizada." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/134341.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
O tatu-galinha é um dos animais mais populosos da ordem Xenarthra com distribuição do sul dos Estados Unidos até a América do Sul. São animais frequentemente caçados e, em muitos casos, são vítimas de atropelamentos rodoviários. Existem diversos estudos descritivos sobre a fisiologia, a genética e o comportamento, porém a anatomia óssea e articular destes animais ainda é restrita. Este estudo tem por objetivo, descrever a anatomia das estruturas osteoarticulares do esqueleto axial em 20 tatus-galinhas, vivos e carcaças, por meio da radiografia digital e da tomografia computadorizada propiciando informações mais detalhadas da anatomia esquelética desta espécie. Os resultados obtidos são descritivos e detalhados de cada estrutura; sendo observado processos complementares xenartros nas vértebras torácicas caudais até a última vértebra lombar, com proeminentes processos mamilares no segmento toracolombar, vértebras cervicais fusionadas da segunda à quarta vértebras e a presença de sinsacro correspondendo as vértebras sacrais e caudais fusionadas à pelve. A fórmula vertebral obtida nessa amostra de espécimes foi de sete cervicais, dez torácicas, cinco lombares, nove vértebras representando o sinsacro e de 20 a 27 vértebras caudais livres. São animais homodontes apresentando somente dentes molariformes com oito em cada lado do ramo mandibular/maxilar, totalizando 32 dentes. Tais características peculiares do tatu-galinha em relação à coluna vertebral e à dentição foram acreditadas a adaptações de hábitos de escavar e de rolar, e de sua alimentação onívora, respectivamente.
Nine-banded armadillo is the most populous of the Xenarthra order with its distribution from southern United States to the South America. The main causes of death for the nine-banded armadillo are hunting and being run over by vehicles. There are several descriptive studies with its physiology, genetic and behavior, but about osseous and joint anatomy of these animals still limited. The aim of this study is to describe the osteoarticular structures anatomy of the axial skeleton in 20 nine-banded armadillos in vivo and carcasses by means of digital radiography and computed tomography providing more detailed information of the skeletal anatomy of this species. Results are descriptive and detailed for each structure, observing xenarthrous complementary processes in the caudal thoracic vertebra to the last lumbar vertebra, with prominent mamillary processes in the thoracolumbar segment, fused cervical vertebra from the second to fourth vertebra, and the presence of synsacrum related to sacral and caudal vertebra fused to the pelvis. Vertebral formula obtained in this sample specimens was 7 cervical, 10 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 9 vertebrae related to the synsacrum, and 20-27 free caudal vertebrae. They are homodont animals presenting only molariform teeth with formula of 8/8, totaling 32 teeth. Such peculiar features of the nine-banded armadillo regarding to the vertebral column and teeth were wondering to be habits adaptations to digging and rolling, and the omnivorous diet, respectively.
CNPq: 133373/2015-0
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9

Cornwall, Jonathan Edgar, and n/a. "The functional morphology of the human thoracolumbar transversospinal muscles." University of Otago. Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090615.144650.

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The thoracolumbar transversospinal muscles are vital in normal function and are implicated in the pathogenesis of different forms of spinal pathology and pain. They are the target for specific forms of clinical intervention such as exercise regimens and the release of �trigger points�, and are often analysed through imaging studies and electromyographic recordings. Despite the importance of these muscles, there is a paucity of knowledge in regard to aspects of their functional morphology. The aim of this thesis was to examine the thoracolumbar transversospinal muscles between the mid-thoracic spine and sacrum, examining their gross morphology, fibre arrangement, fibre types, and an animal model in order to provide a better understanding of their functional morphology. The gross morphology of these muscles was studied by micro-dissection of cadaveric material. Their form was found to differ from that published in either text book or peer reviewed articles, clearly indicating the existence of a �semispinalis� muscle in the lumbar spine. In addition, the arrangement of these muscles was found to be homologous between the thoracic and lumbar regions, which is contrary to published descriptions. Arrangement of the muscle fibres was examined by identifying motor endplates with acetylcholinesterase histochemistry in all muscles throughout the area of interest. Only one endplate per fibre was observed, and no in-series fibres were found. All muscles showed a complex multipinnate form with large areas of muscle tendon intruding into each muscle. Fibre type proportions in each muscle were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Results indicate the percentage of total muscle area occupied by type I fibres decreased the more caudad the vertebral level of origin, for all muscles. There were significant differences in the area percentage of type I fibres between many different vertebral levels. These differences were mostly found between the most cranial and most caudal levels examined. The percentage of type I fibres recorded suggest all muscles are likely postural in function, and the gradual decrease in type I fibres and the lack of a distinct thoracic / lumbar boundary in the data suggests the thoracic and lumbar transversospinal muscles are homologous. The thoracolumbar transversospinal muscles of the MLC3F nlacZ transgenic mouse were micro-dissected to determine their morphology, and their fibre arrangement subsequently determined using acetylcholinesterase histochemistry. These muscles showed a homogeneous form throughout the thoracolumbar spine, and no in-series muscle fibres were observed with all muscles having one motor endplate per fibre. Results indicated similarities between the morphology of mouse and human transversospinal muscles, perhaps indicative of an adaptation to an upright posture. This thesis provides information that facilitates a more complete understanding of the morphology and function of the thoracolumbar transversospinal muscles. In addition, results indicate that these muscles are homologous through the thoracic and lumbar spine, and therefore the classification and nomenclature used to describe these muscles should be re-examined. Furthermore, the morphological evidence, combined with recent embryological studies, supports the use of the term �spinotransverse� to more accurately describe this muscle group.
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10

Pinto, Deborrah C. "Variability in the Spine: A Histomorphometric Analysis of Spinous Processes from the Posterior Vertebral Arch." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1238092506.

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11

Cain, Christopher Marden John. "Assessment of spinal cord blood flow and function in sheep following antero-lateral cervical interbody fusion in animals with and without spinal cord injuries /." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MD/09mdc135.pdf.

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12

Zirkle, Dexter. "The Development of the Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine: A Comparative Analysis Among Hominids and African Apes." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1427206046.

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13

Oura, P. (Petteri). "Search for lifetime determinants of midlife vertebral size:emphasis on lifetime physical activity and early-life physical growth." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2017. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526215792.

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Abstract Osteoporotic vertebral fractures are common among ageing populations worldwide. Although small vertebral size has been established as an independent risk factor for vertebral fracturing, relatively few determinants of vertebral size are currently known. The present study aimed to reveal lifetime factors that associate with midlife vertebral size. Overall physical activity across the lifespan, sports participation in adulthood, occupational physical activities in adulthood, and physical growth in early life were investigated. A subsample of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort Study 1966 was used, with a 46-year follow-up (n = 1,540). Vertebral dimensions were obtained by magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine at the age of 46. The present data showed that high lifelong leisure-time physical activity and active participation in high-impact sports in adulthood were associated with large midlife vertebral size among women, but no such association was detected among men. Occupational physical activities were not associated with vertebral size among either sex. Early-life weight gain predicted large midlife vertebrae among both sexes, and the effect of height gain on vertebral size seemed to be mediated by adult height. The present findings show that the female vertebra in particular seems to benefit from high leisure-time physical activity and active participation in high-impact sports. Regardless of sex, early development also seems to play a role in determining later-life vertebral size. Prospective studies should confirm the causality of the present findings, and further research is needed to shed light on other lifetime factors as determinants of vertebral size
Tiivistelmä Selkänikaman osteoporoottiset murtumat ovat maailmanlaajuisesti yleinen ikääntyvän väestön vaiva. Pienen nikamakoon tiedetään lisäävän nikamamurtuman riskiä, mutta nikamakokoon vaikuttavia tekijöitä tunnetaan toistaiseksi varsin vähän. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena on selvittää keski-iän nikamakokoon vaikuttavia elinaikaisia tekijöitä. Erityisesti tutkitaan vapaa-ajan liikunnallisuuden, lajikohtaisen harrastusaktiivisuuden, työn liikunnallisten piirteiden sekä lapsuuden ja nuoruuden fyysisen kehityksen yhteyttä nikamakokoon. Tutkimusjoukkona käytetään osaotosta Pohjois-Suomen vuoden 1966 syntymäkohortista (n = 1 540). Seuranta-aika on ollut 46 vuotta, ja selkänikaman koko on määritetty tutkittavista 46 vuoden iässä otetuista lannerangan magneettikuvista. Tutkimusaineistossa naisten elinaikainen vapaa-ajan liikunnallisuus sekä aktiivinen luustoa kuormittavien liikuntalajien harrastaminen ovat yhteydessä suureen nikamakokoon keski-iässä. Miesten liikunnallisuuden ja nikamakoon välillä ei sen sijaan havaittu vastaavaa yhteyttä, eivätkä työn liikunnalliset piirteet olleet yhteydessä nikamakokoon kummallakaan sukupuolella. Varhainen painon kasvu ennusti suurta keski-iän nikamakokoa sukupuolesta riippumatta, ja varhaisen pituuskasvun vaikutus nikamakokoon näytti välittyvän aikuispituuden kautta. Tutkimuksen tulosten perusteella siis erityisesti naiset näyttäisivät hyötyvän vapaa-ajan liikunnallisesta aktiivisuudesta ja luuta kuormittavien lajien harrastamisesta aikuisiällä. Sukupuolesta riippumatta myös lapsuuden ja nuoruuden fyysisellä kehityksellä näyttäisi olevan merkitystä keski-iän nikamakokoon. Tulevaisuudessa prospektiivisten tutkimusasetelmien tulisi vahvistaa tässä tutkimuksessa havaittujen yhteyksien kausaliteetti. Lisäksi tutkimusta tarvittaisiin jatkossa muiden nikamakokoon vaikuttavien elinaikaisten tekijöiden selvittämiseksi
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Bartsch, Adam Jesse. "Biomechanical Engineering Analyses of Head and Spine Impact Injury Risk via Experimentation and Computational Simulation." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1291318455.

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Guenoun, Daphné. "Etude du rachis et des vertèbres : outils diagnostics de la vertèbre ostéoporotique : prévention et traitement de la fracture à l'aide de nouveaux biomateriaux." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0620/document.

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L’ostéoporose est définie par une diminution de la masse osseuse et une altération de la structure osseuse. L’évaluation de l’architecture de l’os trabéculaire vertébral est un des enjeux majeurs de recherche actuels visant à la caractérisation des modifications du tissu osseux liées au vieillissement. Par ailleurs, le traitement de la fracture vertébrale ostéoporotique par vertébroplastie a démontré son efficacité. Le ciment actuel utilisé pour la vertébroplastie est le polyméthylméthacrylate. Ce ciment est efficace pour stabiliser la vertèbre et diminuer la douleur mais il existe une toxicité pour les tissus mous avoisinant, notamment la moelle en cas de fuite, et des inquiétudes quant au risque de fracture des vertèbres adjacentes. De nouveaux ciments biointégrables du type ciments phosphocalciques supplémentés en bisphosphonates pourraient avoir leur place à l’avenir dans le traitement des vertèbres.Notre travail de thèse s’est inscrit dans un projet pluridisciplinaire de recherche sur les altérations de la structure de l’os trabéculaire vertébral, reposant sur une analyse en imagerie médicale et une étude biomécanique, et sur le développement d’un nouveau ciment phosphocalcique supplémenté en bisphosphonates.L’ensemble de nos résultats pourra nous permettre :-D’améliorer la prédiction du risque de fracture vertébrale ostéoporotique-D’optimiser les nouveaux ciments biointégrables
The current definition of osteoporosis is a low bone mass associated with a microarchitecture deterioration. Vertebral trabecular bone microarchitecture assessment is an important research topic aiming at the characterization of the modifications of the bone tissue bound to ageing. On the other hand, the vertebral fracture treatment by vertebroplasty is known to be effective. Currently the cement used in vertebroplasty is the polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA). This cement stabilizes the vertebral fracture and decreases the pain, but there are a toxicity for nearby soft tissues, in particular spinal marrow in case of leakage, and concerns as for the risk of fracture of the neighboring vertebrae. In the future, new biointegrable calcium phosphate cement supplemented in bisphosphonate could be used in the vertrebrae treatment.Our work was based on a multidisciplinary project which aimed firstly at evaluating trabecular vertebral bone microarchitecture using medical imaging and biomechanical testing in this crucial anatomical region, secondly at developing a new calcium phosphate cement supplemented in bisphosphonate. Our results may lead to:- improve the fracture risk prediction in osteoporotic vertebra- improve the new biointegrable cements
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16

Wagnac, Eric. "Expérimentation et modélisation détaillée de la colonne vertébrale pour étudier le rôle des facteurs anatomiques et biomécaniques sur les traumatismes rachidiens." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22140.

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L’objectif de la thèse était d’étudier l’influence de facteurs anatomiques et biomécaniques tels que la présence d’ostéophytes vertébraux, le taux de chargement et le profil sagittal rachidien (défini par l’orientation et la forme de la colonne vertébrale dans le plan sagittal) sur les traumatismes de la colonne vertébrale thoracique et lombaire. Pour ce faire, des essais expérimentaux sur spécimens cadavériques rachidiens ont été réalisés et un modèle biomécanique détaillé du rachis T1-sacrum a été raffiné, validé expérimentalement et exploité. Les résultats ont démontré que les segments ostéophytiques présentaient des fractures de moindre sévérité localisées au niveau de la vertèbre proximale, contrairement aux segments sans ostéophytes, qui présentaient des fractures sévères (souvent comminutives) au niveau de la vertèbre médiane. Ils ont également confirmé que le taux de déformation jouait un rôle-clé dans l’initiation du traumatisme et que le profil sagittal avait une influence significative sur les caractéristiques des fractures osseuses lors d’accidents impliquant un mécanisme principalement en compression. En revanche, le profil sagittal n’exercerait qu’une influence limitée sur la nature des traumatismes lors d’un accident impliquant un mécanisme de flexion-distraction
The objective of this thesis was to study the influence of anatomical and biomechanical factors such as the presence of vertebral osteophytes, the loading rate and the sagittal profile of the spine (defined by the orientation and shape of the spine in the sagittal plane) on spinal injuries at the thoracic and lumbar levels. To fulfill this objective, experiments on human cadaveric spines were performed and a detailed biomechanical model of the spine was refined, validated against experimental data, and exploited. Results showed that the presence of large osteophytes significantly influenced the location, pattern and type of fracture, and provided to the underlying vertebra a protective mechanism against severe compression fractures (e.g. burst fractures). They also showed that the loading rate played a key-role on the onset of spinal trauma and that the sagittal profile of the spine had a significant influence on the bone fracture in accidents that involve compression mechanisms. On the other hand, the sagittal profile of the spine had a limited influence on the nature of spinal injuries in accidents that involved flexion-distraction mechanisms
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17

Stammen, Jason Anthony. "Biomechanical Characterization of the Human Upper Thoracic Spine – Pectoral Girdle (UTS-PG) System: Anthropometry, Dynamic Properties, and Kinematic Response Criteria for Adult and Child ATDs." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1344880193.

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18

Mahato, Niladri Kumar. "Development of Novel Imaging and Image Modeling Techniques for the Assessment andQuantification of Inter-Vertebral Motion Using MRI." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1470841487.

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19

King, Jason. "Energy Release Management Through Manipulated Geometries of Surgical Devices." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1342730044.

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20

Bronsard, Nicolas. "Morphologie des articulations intervertébrales postérieures : Etude réalisée à partir de l'ostéothèque régionale LOMBONICE 2005." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5008/document.

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But de l'étude: Nos connaissances anatomiques sur le rachis lombaire reposent sur des dissections cadavériques rares, comprenant peu de sujets, très agés. La précision du scanner fait référence pour la morphologie articulaire. Une base de données scannographique (Lombonice 2005) a été crée puis 400 patients ont été mesurés. L'objectif est d'élaborer un Atlas biométrique de référence. Nous chercherons également à décrire la forme afin de concevoir une prothèse anatomique. Enfin, nous espérons dégager un dimorphisme sexuel et ainsi prédire l'âge ou le sexe d'un sujet en se basant ses articulations lombaires. Patients et méthodes : Nous avons mesuré 217 hommes et 183 femmes d'âge moyen 59 ans. Les coupes natives font 1,25 mm d'épaisseur (de L1 à S1). Nous crérons chaque plan de coupe puis nous positionnons des points de repères sur ces plans. Les coordonnées de ces points nous permettront de calculer des distances, des angles et le rayon des cercles mécaniques. Nous comparons ensuite les mesures obtenues avec l'âge, le côté, le sexe ou le niveau étudié. Résultats : De L1 à S1, les articulaires se rapprochent du mur postérieur mais s'éloignent l'une de l'autre. L'angle d'étrave postérieure augmente vers la caudalité. Le rayon des cercles mécaniques droit et gauche ne sont symétriques que dans 50% des cas et se confondent dans moins de 10 % des cas. Les mesures réalisées ne permettent pas de déterminer le sexe ou l'âge du sujet. Les mesures centrées sur le corps vertébral semblent plus discriminantes. Conclusion: La forme en 3D des articulaires postérieures est plus complexe qu'un fragment de sphère
Aim of the study: Our anatomical knowledge about lumbar spine is based on few cadaveric dissections with very few specimens of very old. The CT scan is very informative concerning about bony facets morphology. We have first created a database of lumbar CT called « Lombonice 2005 » and then we have made differents measureson 400 subjects. The aim of this study is to obtain a biometric atlas. Then, we wanted to create a new anatomic lumbar facet prosthesis. At least, we would like to determine the age or the sex of a sunject only with anatomic measures. Patients and methods : We have measured 217 men and 183 women of 59 years old on average. The native slices was 1,25 mm thick and goes from L1 to S1. We have created each cutting plan and we have placed many landmarks on them. The coordonates of these landmarks let us calculate differents distances, angles or mechanical circle radius which describe well the shape of the facets. We have compared then the measures obtained and the age, sex, side or level studied. Results : From L1 to S1, on transversal plan, the facets are getting closer to posterior wall but are getting away from each other. The posterior angle like a boat's bow increase from L1 to S1. The mechanical circle radius of each sides are symmetrical just in 50% of cases and unique in less than 10 % of cases. All the measures even in 3 dimensions does'nt let us determine the sex or the age of subjects. Measures on vertebral body seems to be more discriminant. Conclusion: We found that 3D shape of lumbar facets is more complicated than a spere fragment as expected. The side asymmetry makes it difficult to reproduce an anatomical facet's prosthesis
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21

Weames, Greg G. "Comparison of the 1991 NIOSH lifting equation and erector spinae muscle electromyography." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9913.

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This study determined whether lifts rated as acceptable by the 1991 NIOSH equation calculations elicited myoelectric amplitudes of the erector spinae musculature (ES) within acceptable muscular load limits for continuous repetitive lifting tasks. Ten male subjects had surface electrodes placed bilaterally along the spine at levels T9, L1 and L3, 4 cm, 9 cm nd 3 cm lateral to the midline, respectively. Each subject performed eight trials of five lifting conditions that were used to examine the horizontal factor (HF) and asymmetrical factor (AF) of the 1991 NIOSH equation. All lifts were ordered randomly and initiated and terminated in a standing position. The lifting motion was unconstrained and incorporated a "flatback", free-style lifting technique. EMG data were collected and linear envelopes (LE) were ensemble averaged across subject trials for each condition and normalized to a maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). Subject LE EMGs were ensemble averaged to generate condition LE EMG averages and subsequently converted to amplitude probability distribution functions (APDF). Percent MVC values from the APDF curves were compared to muscular load limits. A three-way, repeated measures, mixed model analysis of variance determined significant main effects for conditions, electrode placements and probability levels of the APDFs. There was general agreement between the 1991 NIOSH equation and muscular load limits. Bilateral T9 ES often exceeded "static" muscular loads and right L3 often exceeded "static" and "median" muscular loads. There was a significant (p 0.01) difference for each main effect. The APDF EMG analysis was more sensitive to differentiating between conditions than the 1991 NIOSH equation. Phasic and amplitude EMG analysis of the ES for occupational lifting tasks could be best represented by the musculature at L3, 3 cm lateral to the midline.
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22

Bruneau, Michael. "Apport de l'étude anatomique et de l'imagerie peropératoire dans la chirurgie de l'artère vertébrale: développement de nouveaux concepts et matériel." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209889.

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La chirurgie au voisinage de l’artère vertébrale nécessite une connaissance approfondie de l’anatomie et l’application d’une technique chirurgicale rigoureuse. Le fil conducteur des travaux de cette thèse sera non seulement l’amélioration des conditions de sécurité opératoire mais également le développement de nouvelles techniques permettant l’élargissement des indications chirurgicales.

Le premier travail a été axé sur l’étude de l’anatomie et des variations anatomiques de l’artère vertébrale. Les hypothèses suivantes ont été soulevées, relatives à l’incidence des variations anatomiques du 2ème segment de l’artère vertébrale, telles les anomalies de niveau de pénétration dans le foramen transverse et les boucles vasculaires. Une vaste étude anatomique de 500 trajectoires d’artère a été entreprise, basée sur des imageries par tomodensitométrie et résonance magnétique. Elle a permis de déceler 7% d’anomalies de niveau de pénétration et la présence de boucles vasculaires médiales dans 2% des cas, sous forme de boucles soit corporéales, soit foraminales.

Ensuite, toujours dans le but de sécuriser cette chirurgie complexe, s’est posée la question de l’intérêt de l’imagerie peropératoire jusqu’alors peu développée. Cette question est devenue d’autant plus pertinente qu’est apparue une nouvelle technique d’imagerie peropératoire jusqu’alors jamais testée dans les procédures liées à l’artère vertébrale extracrânienne. Cette technique, la vidéoangiographie peropératoire à la fluorescéine, a fait l’objet d’un travail multicentrique basé sur 9 interventions chirurgicales, avec pour objectifs de juger de son applicabilité, de ses limitations et intérêts, tant pour localiser l’artère durant l’abord chirurgical, que pour la visualiser après son exposition et vérifier sa perméabilité. Il a été observé que le premier segment de l’artère vertébrale possédait un aspect vidéoangiographique différent de celui des 2ème et 3ème segments, ainsi que de celui de l’artère carotide commune. De plus, des phases artérielle et veineuse ont été distinguées. Cet aspect vidéoangiographique peut être corrélé à l’anatomie de l’artère. L’intérêt de la technique réside dans l’aide qu’elle apporte pour déterminer la perméabilité du vaisseau ainsi que pour le localiser plus précisément au sein de la gaine périostée. Tant que celle-ci n’est pas exposée, la vidéoangiographie n’apporte par contre pas d’informations pertinentes pour sa localisation qui doit être strictement recherchée par les repères anatomiques usuels adaptés selon l’iconographie préopératoire.

Sur base de ces connaissances théoriques et chirurgicales, 2 nouvelles techniques opératoires ont été décrites et appliquées dans des indications très particulières. La première consiste en une technique de mobilisation du premier segment de l’artère en raison d’importantes tortuosités qu’il convenait de libérer pour restaurer l’accessibilité endovasculaire à une lésion intracrânienne. La seconde est une technique de fixation de l’atlas permettant de stabiliser une fracture tout en préservant la mobilité de l’articulation atlanto-axoïdienne.

Enfin, de nouvelles voies de recherche et de développements futurs ont été ouvertes sur base de travaux embryologiques, histologiques et anatomo-radiologiques qui ont été initiés pour juger de leur faisabilité future.

En conclusion, bien que complexe, la chirurgie au voisinage de l’artère vertébrale ouvre des voies d’abord spécifiques à certaines pathologies, raison pour laquelle elle mérite une attention toute particulière. De nouvelles procédures chirurgicales peuvent être développées, ainsi que des nouveaux concepts et matériel visant à améliorer la qualité de vie des patients. La singularité anatomique de l’artère vertébrale nécessite une connaissance détaillée et l’application d’une technique chirurgicale stricte. Avec le but poursuivi d’améliorer la sécurité de l’intervention chirurgicale, les travaux effectués ont clairement mis en évidence la nécessité d’une analyse approfondie de l’anatomie de l’artère vertébrale à un niveau individuel avant toute procédure. Les techniques d’imagerie intraopératoire peuvent apporter des informations utiles mais leurs avantages et limitations respectifs doivent être bien connus.

/

Surgery around the vertebral artery requires a detailed knowledge of the anatomy and the application of a strict surgical technique. The main theme of these thesis works will be not only the improvement of the surgical security but also the development of new techniques allowing surgical indications widening.

The first work has been devoted to the study of the vertebral artery anatomy and variations. The following hypotheses have been raised, related to the incidence of anatomical variations of the second vertebral artery segment, such as the abnormal level of entrance into the transverse foramen and vessel loops. A large anatomical study consisting in 500 arterial trajectories has been performed, based on computed tomographic and resonance magnetic imagings. This study detected 7% of abnormal levels of entrance and the presence of vessel loops in 2% of the cases, either corporeal or foraminal loops.

Subsequently, the interest of intraoperative imaging techniques uncommonly applied until now has been questioned again with the goal to secure this complex surgery. This question was especially more relevant since the development of a new intraoperative imaging modality never tested in surgeries related to the extracranial vertebral artery. This technique, the intraoperative videoangiography using fluorescein, has been analyzed through a multicentric work based on 9 surgical procedures, with the goals to define its applicability, its limitations and interests for localizing the artery during the approach and for visualizing it after its exposure and checking its patency. It has been noted that the first vertebral artery segment appeared differently on videoangiography than the second and third ones, and than the common carotid artery. Moreover, arterial and venous phases should be distinguished. This videoangiographic aspect can be correlated with the vertebral artery anatomy. The interest of this technique lies in its help for confirming vessel patency and localizing it precisely inside the periosteal sheath. As far as the artery is not exposed, videoangiography brings no relevant information for its localization which must remain absolutely defined based on usual anatomical landmarks fitted to preoperative imaging.

Based on theoretical and surgical backgrounds, 2 new surgical techniques have been described and applied in specific surgical indications. The first one consists in a technique of rerouting of the first vertebral artery segment due to severe kinks that must be released for restoring the endovascular accessibility to an intracranial lesion.

Finally, new research approaches and future developments have been planed based on embryological, histological and anatomo-radiological works that have been started for evaluating their future feasability.

In conclusion, although complex, surgery around the vertebral artery opens specific surgical approaches to some pathologies, deserving for this reason some consideration. New surgical procedures can be developed, as well as new concepts and material with the goal to improve patient’s quality of life. The specific anatomy of the vertebral artery requires a detailed knowledge and application of a rigorous surgical technique. With the goal to improve surgical safety, works performed have clearly highlighted the necessity of an in-depth knowledge of the vertebral artery anatomy on an individual basis before any surgery. Intraoperative imaging techniques can contribute to bring relevant information but their respective advantages and limitations must be well-known.


Doctorat en Sciences médicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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23

Govender, Sabashnee. "The anatomical description of the erector spinae, paravertebral and epidural block for post-operative pain management in paediatric care." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78938.

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Summary The anatomical description of the erector spinae -, paravertebral - and epidural block for post-operative pain management in paediatric care S Govender Supervisor: Prof AN van Schoor Co-supervisor: Prof AT Bosenberg Department of Anatomy: Clinical Anatomy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa The fundamental indicative constituent for any successful clinical procedure is patient satisfaction, which is directly related to post-operative analgesia. In paediatric care, due to the nature of the patient – and depending on the age group – it is often difficult, or even impossible, to fully understand the extent of pain perceived, leading to insufficient pain management. A variety of regional anaesthetic techniques have been thoroughly investigated for the ease of administration, as well as enhanced patient satisfaction. Coupled with image modalities, these blocks can be safe and efficient. However, these investigations mainly apply to an adult population. Paediatric procedures may be inaccurately extrapolated from an adult population, when the anatomical discrepancies that exist between population groups are not taken into consideration. Until recently, the gold standard for paediatric truncal procedures relied solely on paravertebral and epidural blocks. With the discovery of the novel interfascial erector spinae plane block, however, this is no longer the case. This block is hypothesised to target the ventral and dorsal rami of spinal nerves, as local anaesthetic is deposited into the erector spinae fascial plane space. The therapeutic effect of the block is attributed to the cranio-caudal spread of anaesthetic over multiple vertebral levels within the tissue plane. This ‘happily accidental’ block serves as a “paravertebral block by proxy” and is an alternative approach, targeting similar nerves as in the paravertebral and epidural blocks. However, the anatomy of the erector spinae plane block is not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the anatomical differences of these three blocks for the management of post-operative pain in paediatric care, based on observations and measurements from a fresh paediatric cadaver sample, as well as ultrasound and computed tomography scans. Apart from the easily identifiable bony landmarks, together with the distant application of the erector spinae plane block, the block offers a higher safety profile with various clinical advantages such as improved pre- and post-operative pain management, as well as reduced opioid requirement. In conclusion, it is vital to acknowledge the anatomical differences that exist in a paediatric population for the safe and successful administration of any regional technique to improve the management of pain in a vulnerable population. Keywords: Erector spinae plane block, paravertebral block, epidural block, interfascial block, paediatric, regional anaesthesia, pain management
Thesis (PhD (Anatomy))--University of Pretoria, 2020.
National Research Foundation (NRF)
Anatomy
PhD (Anatomy)
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24

Muir, Eric R. "Magnetic resonance imaging of retinal physiology and anatomy in mice." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37268.

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MRI can provide anatomical, functional, and physiological images at relatively high spatial resolution and is non-invasive and does not have depth limitation. However, the application of MRI to study the retina is difficult due to the very small size of the retina. This thesis details the development of MRI methods to image blood flow (BF), anatomy, and function of the retina and choroid, and their application to two diseases of the retina: diabetic retinopathy and retinal degeneration. A unique continuous arterial spin labeling technique was developed to image BF in mice and tested by imaging cerebral BF. This method was then applied to image layer-specific BF of the retina and choroid in mice, and to acquire BF functional MRI of the retina and choroid in response to hypoxic challenge. Additionally blood oxygen level dependent functional MRI of the mouse retina and choroid in response to hypoxic challenge was obtained using a balanced steady state free precession sequence which provides fast acquisition, has high signal to noise ratio, and does not have geometric distortion or signal dropout artifacts. In a mouse model of diabetic retinopathy, MRI detected reduced retinal BF in diabetic animals. Visual function in the diabetic mice, as determined by psychophysical tests, was also reduced. Finally, in a mouse model of retinal degeneration, BF and anatomical MRI detected reductions of retinal BF and the thickness of the retina. The studies detailed in this thesis demonstrate the feasibility of layer-specific MRI to study BF, anatomy, and function, in the mouse retina. Further, these methods were shown to provide a novel means of studying animal models of retinal disease in vivo.
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25

Junger, Jean-Claude. "Modélisation et réalisation d'une prothèse de genou." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL052N.

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La complexité du mouvement des os de l'articulation du genou requiert une étude anatomique pour construire une prothèse de genou. Une bonne prothèse repose sur des surfaces permettant tous les mouvements du genou. Le nouveau type de prothèse présenté ici, est le résultat de cette approche scientifique. Dans un premier temps, nous mesurons les surfaces des condyles et de la trochlée d'une population significative d'os humains en utilisant une machine triaxiale. Puis, nous déterminons une surface moyenne servant de base à la réalisation de notre prothèse. Ensuite, en utilisant les techniques des fonctions b-splines, nous étudions les paramètres permettant de reconstruire la surface des condyles tout en respectant la cinématique ligamentaire et la transmission des contraintes. Notre prothèse respecte la position de la rotule sur les condyles et la trochlée et présente une forme proche de la forme anatomique. En relation avec cette étude, nous avons développé de nouveaux types de tiges intramédullaires ainsi que la technique de pose associée
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26

Zahn, Robert Karl [Verfasser]. "Einfluss spino-pelviner Interaktionen auf die funktionelle Anatomie der unteren Extremität / Robert Karl Zahn." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1196804842/34.

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27

Martensen, Jan. "Assessment of Cervical Spine Morphology by Computed Tomography and its Utility as a Presurgical Planning Tool." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1115061845.

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28

Martin, Vaquero Paula. "Cervical Spondylomyelopathy in the Great Dane Breed: Anatomic, Diagnostic Imaging, Functional, and Biochemical Characterization." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397420434.

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29

BOGOEVICH, Andria de Melo. "Tamanduá-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla): Anatomia aplicada a radiografia e tomografia do aparato hióide e coluna vertebral." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/863.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:07:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Andria Bogoevich.pdf: 1442294 bytes, checksum: ab1d215a31c38e78aab1e4a97a85e070 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-20
The giant anteater is a peculiar mammal which during its evolutionary process, has undergone several body changes due to their insect-base diet. Although it is distributed throughout the country, it is a species typical of the Cerrado, which is threatened with extinction. In the last decade there has been an improvement in access to methods of imaging diagnostic in veterinary medicine, the availability of modern and faster techniques. These techniques have revolutionized the ability to explore non-invasive body parts. For a better interpretation of these techniques, knowledge of regional anatomy is required. However, data on radiographic anatomy of giant anteaters have not been reported. The aim of this study is to characterize and describe the outline contour of the spine bone and the hyoid bone of the giant anteater using radiographic and computed tomography images. Seven giant anteaters at various ages, from IBAMA, were used for radiographic examination and two adults for CT. The spine along its entire length and the hyoid elements were evaluated in all animals using both imaging techniques. Radiography provided satisfactory images of the bony contours and location of these structures, although the CT was more efficient to provide images with less overlap between them, allowing details identification such as the Xenarthrous process in the lumbar vertebrae, characteristic of the species, and the visualization of the V-bone in the hyoid apparatus.
O tamanduá-bandeira é um mamífero peculiar que durante o processo evolutivo sofreu diversas adaptações em seu organismo devido a sua dieta composta de insetos. Embora distribuída por todo o território nacional, é uma espécie típica do cerrado que se encontra ameaçada de extinção. Na última década houve uma melhora no acesso aos métodos de diagnóstico por imagem na medicina veterinária, com a disponibilidade de técnicas mais modernas e velozes. Essas técnicas revolucionaram a habilidade de explorar de forma não-invasiva as partes do corpo. Para uma boa interpretação dessas técnicas é necessário o conhecimento anatômico regional. Apesar de sua ampla distribuição e de sua importância, dados sobre anatomia radiográfica do tamanduá-bandeira ainda não foram relatados na literatura. O objetivo desse trabalho é caracterizar e descrever o contorno ósseo da coluna vertebral e do osso hióide do tamanduá-bandeira utilizando para isso imagens radiográficas e tomográficas. Foram utilizados sete tamanduás-bandeiras de variadas idades, provenientes do IBAMA para os exames radiográficos e dois adultos para os tomográficos. A coluna vertebral em toda sua extensão e os elementos hióideos foram avaliados em todos os animais através de ambos as técnicas de imagem. A radiografia forneceu imagens satisfatórias sobre os contornos ósseos e a localização dessas estruturas, entretanto a tomografia se mostrou mais eficiente ao fornecer imagens com menor sobreposição entre as mesmas, possibilitando a identificação de detalhes ósseos como o processo xenarthro nas vértebras lombares, característico da espécie, e no aparato hióide a visualização do formato em V do basitireóide.
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Awad, Mohammad Ahmad. "Assessment of Pseudo-Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling (pCASL) Inter-Session Reliability in the Quantification of Cerebral Perfusion." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright156052676971687.

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31

Géhère, Kévin. "Implémentation multi-niveaux de modèles hiérarchiques neuronaux." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS335.

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Ce document aborde la problématique suivante : L'event-based est-elle une interface pertinente de l'ingénierie pour modéliser et apporter des solutions au traitement de signaux biologiques? Le premier chapitre traite de la mise en place d'un algorithme de flot optique développé sur des caméras événementielles inspirées du fonctionnement de la rétine sur le signal de sortie d'une rétine de rat. Ce travail met en avant les différences entre le modèle événementiel et la biologie et expose plusieurs solutions d'adaptation menant à une erreur d'estimation de la direction du flow de 3.5∞. Le deuxième chapitre traite du développement d'une solution de tris des cellules en temps réel sur les électrodes qui enregistrent le signal de sortie d'une rétine. L'algorithme est évalué au moyen d'un jeu de donnée connu de l'état de l'art et réussit à rivaliser avec des algorithmes non temps réel de l'état de l'art tout en état plus stable fasse au bruit. Le chapitre 3 traite de l'utilisation de l'algorithme présenté chapitre 2 dans le projet Sight Again pour caractériser ex-vivo la prothèse Prima. Les traitements de données présentés montrent les seuils d'activation de l'implant qui sont confirmé par la partie in-vivo du projet. Le chapitre 4 traite de la généralisation de l'algorithme du chapitre 2 à l'analyse de la variation de la contraction pupillaire. Ce chapitre met en avant des pistes sur le caractère biométrique de la pupille et utilise des modèles cachés de Markov pour étudier le comportement de la pupille. Le document se termine sur une discussion sur les limites que peut rencontrer les applications event based notamment via le manque de plateforme hardware compatible
This paper addresses the following issue: Is event-based a relevant interface of engineering to model and provide solutions to the processing of biological signals? The first chapter deals with the setting up of an optical flow algorithm developed on event cameras inspired by the operation of the retina on the output signal of a rat retina. This work highlights the differences between the event model and the biology and exposes several adaptation solutions leading to an error in estimating the direction of flow of 3.5 ∞. The second chapter deals with the development of a real-time cell-sorting solution on the electrodes that record the output signal of a retina. The algorithm is evaluated by means of a data set known from the state of the art and manages to compete with non-real-time algorithms of the state of the art while more stable state make to the noise. Chapter 3 deals with the use of the algorithm presented chapter 2 in the project Sight Again to characterize ex-vivo the Prima prosthesis.The data treatments presented show the implant activation thresholds that are confirmed by the in-vivo part of the project. Chapter 4 deals with the generalization of the algorithm of Chapter 2 to the analysis of the variation of the pupillary contraction. This chapter highlights the biometric character of the pupil and uses hidden Markov models to study the pupil's behaviour. The document ends with a discussion about the limitations that event based applications may encounter, including the lack of compatible hardware platforms
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32

Deroche, Marion. "Etudes optogénétique et pharmacologique de la connectivité et de la plasticité endocannabinoïde des synapses glutamatergiques du noyau accumbens de souris." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0086.

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Le noyau accumbens (NAc) intègre des informations cognitives et affectives. Bien que le rôle du NAc dans les troubles neuropsychiatriques soit bien connu, une compréhension détaillée de ses circuits dans des conditions physiologiques fait défaut. Les neurones moyens épineux (MSNs) du NAc sont des neurones de projection GABAergiques qui expriment des récepteurs D1 ou D2. Ils reçoivent et intègrent des signaux glutamatergiques provenant notamment du cortex préfrontal (PFC), de l'hippocampe ventral (vHipp) et de l'amygdale basolatérale (BLA).Dans cette thèse, nous avons combiné des méthodes optogénétique et électrophysiologique pour dresser un portrait fonctionnel des synapses excitatrices sur les MSNs D1 et D2 dans le NAc de souris adulte. Nous avons observé que les MSNs D1 sont plus excitables que les D2. Ensuite, les propriétés synaptiques de vHipp, de la BLA et du PFC ont révélé une hiérarchie des afférences dépendant de l’identité des MSNs et de l’inhibition «feedforward». Nous avons constaté que la BLA est la voie dominante sur les MSNs D1, tandis que le PFC domine sur les D2. De plus, nous avons testé l’hypothèse que le système endocannabinoïde confère aux circuits excitateurs une plasticité spécifique des voies et des cellules. Ainsi, alors que les récepteurs CB1 dépriment uniformément les voies quelle que soit l’identité des MSNs, les récepteurs TRPV1 contrôlent les afférences de manière bidirectionnelle sur le NAc. Enfin, nous avons clarifié comment l'interaction des récepteurs TRPV1/CB1 façonne la plasticité au niveau des synapses identifiées de BLA-NAc. Ensemble, ces données révèlent un haut degré de spécificité des synapses et du circuit dans le NAc adulte
The nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays a key role in action selection by integrating cognitive and affective information. The NAc is implicated in numerous neuropsychiatric disorders, however a complete understanding of its circuits and their regulation in physiological conditions is missing. The principal cell type in the NAc, medium-spiny neurons MSNs are GABAergic projection neurons that express either D1 or D2 receptors. They receive and integrate glutamatergic inputs most notably from the prefrontal cortex (PFC), ventral hippocampus (vHipp) and basolateral amygdala (BLA).We combined optogenetic and electrophysiological methods to draw a functional portrait of excitatory disambiguated synapses onto D1 and D2 MSNs in the adult mouse NAc core. We first observed that adult D1- are inherently more excitable than D2-MSNs. Next, the synaptic properties of vHipp, BLA and PFC inputs revealed a hierarchy of synaptic inputs dependent on the identity of the postsynaptic target MSN and on circuit specific feedforward inhibition. We found that the BLA is the dominant excitatory pathway onto D1- while PFC inputs dominate D2-MSNs. Additionally, we tested the hypothesis that the endocannabinoid system endows excitatory circuits with pathway- and cell-specific plasticity. Thus, while CB1 receptors (CB1R) uniformly depress excitatory pathways irrespective of MSNs’ identity, TRPV1 receptors (TRPV1R) bidirectionally control inputs onto the NAc core in a pathway- and cell- specific manner. Finally, we clarified how the interplay of TRPV1R/CB1R shapes plasticity at identified BLA-NAc synapses. Together these data reveal a high degree of synapse and circuit specificity in the adult NAc core
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33

Naidoo, Melanee. "The evaluation of normal radiographic measurements of the lumbar spine in young to middle aged Indian females in Durban." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/378.

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Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)-Durban University of Technology, 2008
To evaluate the lumbar lordosis, lumbosacral angle, lumbosacral disc angle, lumbosacral lordosis angle, intervertebral disc angles and heights, interpedicular distances, sagittal canal diameters and the lumbar gravity line (selected radiographic parameters) in young to middle aged Indian females in Durban. To determine any association between the selected radiographic parameters and the age of the subjects, weight, height and body mass index of the subjects, occupation, smoking, previous pregnancy and leg length inequality (selected anthropometric and demographic factors). Methods: Sixty healthy, asymptomatic, young to middle aged, Indian females were recruited for this study. All subjects underwent a case history, a physical examination and radiographic evaluation (AP and lateral views) of the lumbar spine. SPSS version 15.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill, USA) was used to analyze the data. Results: The mean (± SD) of the lumbar lordosis, lumbosacral angle, lumbosacral disc angle and lumbosacral lordosis angle was 49º (± 6º), 39º (± 8º), 12º (± 5º) and 143.2º (± 5º) respectively. For the lumbar intervertebral disc angles at L1-L2, L2-L3, L3-L4, L4-L5 and L5- S1 levels, the mean (± SD) was 6º (± 2º), 8º (± 2º), 10º (± 3º), 12º (± 4º) and 12º (± 5º) respectively. The anterior and posterior intervertebral disc heights at the respective vertebral levels were: L1-L2: anterior: 8 mm (± 2), posterior 5 mm (± 2); L2-L3: anterior: 10 mm (± 2), posterior 5 mm (± 2); L3-L4: anterior: 12 mm (± 2), posterior 5 mm (± 2); L4-L5: anterior: 14 mm (± 3), posterior 5 mm (± 2) and L5-S1: anterior: 13 mm (± 4), posterior 6 mm (± 2). The mean (± SD) of the interpedicular distance at the L1, L2, L3, L4 and L5 vertebral levels was 23 mm (± 2), 24 mm (± 2), 25 mm (± 2), 27 mm (± 2) and 31 mm (± 3) respectively. For the sagittal canal diameter at the L1, L2, L3, L4 and L5 vertebral levels, the mean (± SD) was 20 mm (± 5), 21 mm (± 3), 21 mm (± 3), 21 mm (± 3) and 19 mm (± 3) respectively. The lumbar gravity line intersected the sacrum in 67.3% of the subjects. In 29.1% of the subjects, the lumbar gravity line passed anterior to the sacrum while in 3.6% of the subjects, it passed posterior to the sacrum. iv A significant association was found between lumbar lordosis and the height of the subjects in this study (p = 0.004). A decrease in the intervertebral disc height at L5-S1 was associated with smoking (p = 0.005). A decrease in the intervertebral disc height at L4-L5 was associated with previous pregnancy (p = 0.016). Body mass index of 26–30 kg.m-2 was significantly associated with an increase in the intervertebral disc angles at L3-L4 (p = 0.028) and L4-L5 (p = 0.031). A decrease in the L5-S1 intervertebral disc angle was also significantly associated with smoking (p = 0.023). There was a significant association between previous pregnancy and an increase in the intervertebral disc angle at L3-L4 (p = 0.016). A significant association was found between the age of the subjects and the L5-S1 intervertebral disc angle (p = 0.007). Specifically it was the 23–27 year group and 33–37 year group who were significantly different from each other (p = 0.033). Conclusion: Similarities and differences were found in the mean values of the radiographic parameters measured in this study and those reported in the literature. A number of the selected anthropometric and demographic factors were associated with some of the lumbar radiographic parameters. Further studies are required to establish the clinical significance of these findings.
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34

Else, Jeanette Mary. "The inferior angle of the scapula as a landmark to locate the seventh thoracic spinous process." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4763.

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M. Tech.
Although Chiropractors rely on palpation as a clinical tool, its reliability still remains to be proven (O‟Haire and Gibbons, 2000). Motion palpation is based on the assumption that Chiropractors‟ and other manual medicine practitioners‟ static palpation is performed correctly to identify bony anatomical landmarks (O‟Haire and Gibbons, 2000). The most common method taught to chiropractic students on the location of the seventh thoracic spinous process, is to place the patient‟s hand in the small of their back, forcing the inferior angle of the scapula to become more prominent. The horizontal line from the inferior angle of the scapula to the vertebral column is said to be on the seventh thoracic spinous process (T7). Therefore the scapula is a widely used anatomical landmark. One would therefore expect the literature to all be in agreement to the position of this line, but according to the literature consulted, it seems to vary. This study aimed to determine whether palpation of the inferior angle of the scapula was a reliable, accurate and/or a valid method of determining the location of the seventh thoracic spinous process. Sixty participants were marked by three examiners in the seated position, using the inferior angle of the scapula to locate the seventh thoracic spinous process. After being marked by all three examiners, measurements were then made on CT scan films as well as visual assessments by examiners to assess the location of the markers on the thoracic anatomy. The results demonstrated substantial inter-examiner reliability, and poor accuracy in locating the seventh thoracic spinous process. This is disappointing as the ability to palpate spinal levels is a basic skill and the cornerstone of Chiropractic assessment.
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35

Koerbs, Christina. "Quantitative Anatomie zweier Formen von dendritischen Dornfortsätzen an hippocampalen Pyramidenzellen." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002E-E5A3-B.

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36

Slobodskyy, Anatoliy [Verfasser]. "Diluted magnetic semiconductor resonant tunneling structures for spin manipulation / submitted by Anatoliy Slobodskyy." 2006. http://d-nb.info/981755941/34.

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