Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Spinelle'
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Cornu, Lucile. "Matériaux X-Chromo-luminescents de type spinelle et elpasolite : relation structure-propriétés." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0082/document.
Full textResearch for luminescent materials sensitive to temperature or UV exposurevariation are increasing. Here we manage to synthesized and characterized materialswhich show such properties.First, spinel structure materials as ZnAl2O4 doped with manganesecompounds exhibit irreversible thermo-chromo-luminescence properties. Thismaterial shows a variation of emission wavelength from red to green with a variationof the thermal history of the sample. These variations are due to a modification of themanganese environment in the structure with the temperature. It was demonstratedthat the temperature range of the luminescence switch can be tuned by themodification of the matrix composition. Secondly, cerium-doped Rb2KInF6compounds with elpasolite structure exhibit reversible photo-chromo-luminescenceproperties. Under UV irradiation, new luminescent species (In+), created by redoxreaction between Ce3+ and In3+ species, and which emits in the red range, can beproduced. We demonstrate the reversibility of the phenomenon by UV irradiation orafter a thermal treatment. The specificity of these properties with this structure andthis composition can be explained by structural consideration: Ce3+ and In3+positioning in the cell allowing electronic exchanges between these ions thanks toorbital overlap
Quentin, Alexis. "Modifications structurales de spinelle sous irradiation." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN2059.
Full textThis work is devoted to the study of spinel structure materials under radiation. For that purpose, samples of polycrystalline ZnAl2O4 and monocrystalline MgAl2O4 were irradiated by different heavy ions with different energies. Samples of ZnAl2O4 were studied par electron transmission microscopy, and by grazing incidence X-Ray diffraction and Rietveld analysis. Samples of MgAl2O4 were studied by optical spectroscopy. Most of the results concern amorphisation and crystalline structure modification of ZnAl2O4 especially the inversion. We were able to determine a stopping power threshold for amorphisation, between 11 keV/nm and 12 keV/nm, and also the amorphisation process, which is a multiple impacts process. We studied the evolution of the amorphous phase by TEM and showed a nanopatterning phenomenon. Concerning the inversion, we determined that it did happen by a single impact process, and the saturation value did not reach the random cation distribution value. Inversion and amorphisation have different, but close, stopping power threshold. However, amorphisation seems to be conditioned by a predamage of the material which consists in inversion
Yalamac, Emre. "Frittage, cofrittage et maîtrise des microstructures de matériaux à base d'oxydes : zircone, alumine, spinelle, alumine-zircone, spinelle-alumine." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00521852.
Full textYalamac, Emre. "Frittage, cofrittage et maîtrise des microstructures de matériaux à base d'oxydes : zircone, alumine, spinelle, alumine-zircone, spinelle-alumine." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPG0059.
Full textDensification and microstructural evolution during co-sintering of alumina (Al2O3) – zirconia (Y-ZrO2) and alumina – spinel (MgAl2O4) co-pressed bi-materials were investigated. Before co-sintering studies of bi-materials, sintering behaviors of the submicron powders of alumina, spinel and zirconia were studied separately by vertical dilatometer. The effects of precoarsening and two-step sintering treatments on the densification and microstructure of spinel ceramics were also investigated. The interface layer development between alumina and spinel during thermal treatment in 1400- 1500°C temperature range were carefully investigated. Crack-free bonds were observed in alumina – spinel bi-materials after compaction by UP+CIP. A spinel interlayer with columnar grains was observed. Growth of this interlayer from spinel toward alumina was found to follow parabolic kinetics. Diffusion couple tests produced the same columnar spinel grains at the interface with the same kinetics as in co-sintering experiments
Mercier, Adrien. "Contribution à l'étude et à la réalisation de composants magnétiques monolithiques réalisés par PECS/SPS et à leurs applications en électronique de puissance." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLN057/document.
Full textThe increase in switching frequency of power supply induces new problems for the components. These components are active or passive, it is necessary to control the losses so that efficiency remains acceptable. The thesis deals with the study and production of a new transformer structure intended to be part of a switching power supply. These transformers are produced using PECS/SPS method, which is a sintering technology. This technology can be sintered ferrite around the primary and secondary windings. It follows that the components are monolithic.A first part presents the state of the art, and magnetism in the matter. It follows a chapter dedicated to the manufacture of magnetic materials used in the thesis : the ferrites.A second part concerns the ferrites produced by the PECS / SPS process. Firstly, the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of these materials is studied, and it is possible to decrease it by varying the chemical composition. In a second stage, other variables such as the permeability or the polarization are measured, always depending on the chemical composition. The main results show that the sintering by PECS / SPS method is more reducing than conventional sintering, which degrades certain properties such as the resistivity of the ferrites. The last chapter is dedicated to the realization of monolithic processors. A detailed manufacturing protocol is presented.A third part shows the operation of the realized transformers. The usual measurements allow identifying self, mutual and leakage inductances. The values of these inductances show that it is better to use components made not as a transformer, but as a coupler. Finally a converter based on a VRM structure is realized. The switching frequency is 2 MHz, the efficiency is greater than 90%, and the power density is 15 kW / liter
Oudrhiri, Hassani Fahd. "Couches minces d'oxydes spinelles et de nanocomposites spinelle-CuO à propriétés semi-conductrices destinées à la réalisation de capteurs de gaz." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/588/.
Full textThis work involves the deposition of single-phase or nanocomposite thin film by RF sputtering for use as materials for gas sensors. As a first step, we studied the influence of deposition conditions on the microstructure of spinel oxides thin films. Electron microscopy, ellipsometry and surface area measurements by the B. E. T. Method made it possible to characterize the films microstructure and to establish a model which describes the arrangement of grains and the microporosity at the nanometer scale. We were able to observe a strong increase of the porosity in the films prepared with deposition conditions favouring collisions between particles and, accordingly, a strong shadowing effect between the grains (high argon pressure and long target-substrate distance). In the second step, the reduction phenomena during the deposition process by RF sputtering from a delafossite CuFeO2 target led to the deposition of nanocomposite CuO/CuxFe3-xO4 thin films. This type of original material combining intimately oxides of "n" and "p" type seems promising for the detection of CO and CO2. We sought to optimize the sensitivity of thin layers of 50 nm thickness on different substrates. A maximum sensitivity of 97% and 60% could be obtained when tested in CO and CO2 at 400 and 250°C, respectively
Ji, Qinqin. "The synthesis of higher alcohols from CO2 hydrogenation with Co, Cu, Fe-based catalysts." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAF023/document.
Full textCO2 is a clean carbon source for the chemical reactions, many researchers have studied the utilization of CO2. Higher alcohols are clean fuel additives. The synthesis of higher alcohols from CO hydrogenation has also been studied by many researchers, but there are few literatures about the synthesis of higher alcohols from CO2 hydrogenation, which is a complex and difficult reaction. The catalysts that used for higher alcohols synthesis need at least two active phases and goodcooperation. In our study, we tested the Co. Cu. Fe spinel-based catalysts and the effect of supports (CNTs and TUD-1) and promoters (K, Na, Cs) to the HAS reaction. We found that catalyst CuFe-precursor-800 is beneficial for the synthesis of C2+ hydrocarbons and higher alcohols. In the CO2 hydrogenation, Co acts as a methanation catalyst rather than acting as a FT catalyst, because of the different reaction mechanism between CO hydrogenation and CO2 hydrogenation. In order to inhibit the formation of huge amount of hydrocarbons, it is better to choose catalysts without Co in the CO2 hydrogenation reaction. Compared the functions of CNTs and TUD-1, we found that CNTs is a perfect support for the synthesis of long-chain products (higher alcohols and C2+ hydrocarbons). The TUD-1 support are more suitable for synthesis of single-carbon products (methane and methanol).The addition of alkalis as promoters does not only lead to increase the conversion of CO2 and H2, but also sharply increased the selectivity to the desired products, higher alcohols. The catalyst 0.5K30CuFeCNTs owns the highest productivities (370.7 g∙kg-1∙h-1) of higher alcohols at 350 °C and 50 bar
Diaz, Sébastien. "Frustration magnétique dans les oxydes de structures spinelle : GeCo204 et GeNi204." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10017.
Full textThis study is devoted to the magnetic frustration in the spinel compounds GeCo204 and GeNi204. The first chapter is an introduction to magnetic frustration and the crystallographic structure ofthese spinels. The second chapter describes the differen experimental techniques used with more details for the magnetization measurement setup using a torque method developped during this work. Knowing the various electronic exchange paths and the Anderson, Goodenough, Kanamori rules, we have determined the dominating magnetic interactions responsible for the long range order (Appendix A and B). They are consistent with the experimental results obtained using magnetization measurements under high magnetic fields, X rays and neutrons diffraction measurements, and EXAFS measurements (third chapter). A mean field modelisation, coupled with Monte Carlo simulations, can explain these experimental results and allows us to point out the magnetic frustration taking place in both compounds. We have demonstrated that the long range magnetic order lifts partially this frustration and that any model built to describe the magnetic properties of these compounds should inc1ude magnetic interactions between far away neighbours, which are often neglected
Beclin, Franck. "Étude mécanique et microstructurale de la déformation superplastique du spinelle MgAI2O4." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10050.
Full textRousse, Gwenaëlle. "Ordre de charges, magnetisme et electrochimie du spinelle limn 2o 4." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112186.
Full textBELLEVILLE, PHILIPPE. "Colloides d'oxyde de fer spinelle : formation en solution et proprietes interfaciales." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066024.
Full textSimonin, Fabien. "Comportement thermomécanique de bétons réfractaires alumineux contenant du spinelle de magnésium." Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2000ISAL0043/these.pdf.
Full textThe study deals with the thermo-mechanical behaviour of aluminous refractory concretes containing magnesium spinel, synthetic or formed in-situ from the reaction between magnesia and alumina. These materials play a role of major importance in the steel treatment processes. We tried to rely the thermo-mechanical behaviour to the micro-structural and mineralogical properties, in the range 20°C-1600°C. Because of the low development of mechanical characterisation methods for refractories, we had to find more suitable ones. The heterogeneous character of the materials and the presence of many defaults (pores, microcracks. . . ) have a great influence on properties. The concrete presents a complex thermomechanical behaviour that can be simplified and separated in two ways: at low temperatures (until 1000°C), elastic and damage behaviour, and at high temperature, visco-plastic. At low temperatures, original pure tensile tests have been conducted with recording of the acoustic emission. The material presents a non Iinear quasi-brittle behaviour, characterised by a damage firstly diffuse and then localised, which finally leads to the formation of a macrocrack. We showed that classical damage behaviour models used for these materials were very far from the real behaviour. The localized damage has been studied in terms of resistance to crack propagation. Mechanical tests at high temperature have shown that a single value of modulus of rupture, recommended by norms, is not an adequate criteria for these materials. Indeed, important visco-plastic phenomena appear at higher temperature, due to the presence of a vitreous phase. This leads to great deformations and consequent creep
Addad, Ahmed. "Étude de la plasticité haute température de matériaux céramiques spinelle-zircone." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-357.pdf.
Full textSimonin, Fabien Olagnon Christian. "Comportement thermomécanique de bétons réfractaires alumineux contenant du spinelle de magnésium." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2001. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=simonin.
Full textMacaigne, Rodolphe. "Frittage micro-ondes du matériau spinelle MgAl2O4 : vers des céramiques transparentes." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC236/document.
Full textThe elaboration of transparent ceramics (no porosity, no second phase) requires a strict control of all steps of the process (synthesis, shaping, sintering). As a result, the industrialization of a reproducible process is still difficult to achieve. In this context, this thesis has focused on developing and evaluating the ability of the microwave sintering process to improve the robustness of the transparent spinel elaboration process.The set-up of an optical dilatometer and a new original calibration method, based of melting of different oxides, allowed to characterize the microwave sintering with a greater confidence. Even if no microwave effect has been observed on the sintering of pure spinel (identical sintering trajectory, densification mechanism and porosity evolution), this work has shown an amplification of the impact of dopants during microwave sintering. A shift of the shrinkage curves towards the low temperatures was observed during the microwave sintering of the spinel doped with TiO2 and MgO. The existence of a particular interaction between charged point defects (vacancies, interstitial cations) and the electric field could explain this phenomenon.This work thesis has shown also the feasibility of sintering of large square spinel pieces (< 65 mm) compatible with post treatment HIP in order to produce transparent ceramics. For this purpose, the microwave system working at 915 MHz was automatized and a new sintering configuration was developed. After a post-treatment, the transparency and mechanical properties (hardness; tenacity) of microwave pre-sintered samples were comparable with those of samples sintered by conventional heating
Huchet, Guillaume. "Propriétés thermomécaniques de cermets à base de ferrite spinelle : influence de l'oxydation." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00489811.
Full textPrené, Philippe. "Particules d'oxyde de fer spinelle. Physico-chimie des dispersions et comportement magnetique." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066439.
Full textHébert, Christian. "Films minces nanocomposites ZnxFe1-xO1+δ : phases wurtzite, sel gemme et spinelle." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066068/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the growth of thin films of zinc/iron oxides (ZnxFe1-xO1+δ) by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and the possibility of controlling their structural and physicochemical properties by varying the elaboration conditions: oxygen pressure and growth temperature, respective proportions of zinc/iron. For high values of x (x> 65%), the films are single-phase with a ZnO-type wurtzite structure (Fe:ZnO films), with 80% optical transparency in the UV-visible range but without ferromagnetic properties; depending on their iron (1-x) content, they evolve from very good electrical conductors to near-insulators. For small values of x (x <15%), the films are also single-phase with a Fe3O4-type spinel structure (Zn:Fe3O4 films). They exhibit very good ferromagnetic properties at ambient temperature as well as good electrical conductivity, the localization effects of charge carriers occurring below the Verwey temperature. The number of antiphase walls can be decreased by a two-step growth, as evidenced by magnetoresistance measurements. At intermediate zinc rates (15%
Hébert, Christian. "Films minces nanocomposites ZnxFe1-xO1+δ : phases wurtzite, sel gemme et spinelle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066068.
Full textThis thesis deals with the growth of thin films of zinc/iron oxides (ZnxFe1-xO1+δ) by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and the possibility of controlling their structural and physicochemical properties by varying the elaboration conditions: oxygen pressure and growth temperature, respective proportions of zinc/iron. For high values of x (x> 65%), the films are single-phase with a ZnO-type wurtzite structure (Fe:ZnO films), with 80% optical transparency in the UV-visible range but without ferromagnetic properties; depending on their iron (1-x) content, they evolve from very good electrical conductors to near-insulators. For small values of x (x <15%), the films are also single-phase with a Fe3O4-type spinel structure (Zn:Fe3O4 films). They exhibit very good ferromagnetic properties at ambient temperature as well as good electrical conductivity, the localization effects of charge carriers occurring below the Verwey temperature. The number of antiphase walls can be decreased by a two-step growth, as evidenced by magnetoresistance measurements. At intermediate zinc rates (15%
Revel, Renaud. "Etude structurale en conditions reactionnelles denox d'oxydes de type spinelle supportes sur alumine." Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA112279.
Full textDel, Bucchia Sylvie. "Etude des mécanismes de sélectivité d'une membrane d'ultrafiltration en spinelle de cobalt : Modélisation." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20103.
Full textAuvray, Jean-Michel. "Elaboration et caractérisation à haute température de betons réfractaires à base d'alumine spinelle." Limoges, 2003. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/a8174a60-bc96-4198-9468-3c7fc82eb55c/blobholder:0/2003LIMO0003.pdf.
Full textRefractory products for steel-lining are very often based on alumina-spinel. The presence of spinel in material improves the behaviour with corrosion. According to cases, the MgAlO4 spinel can made in situ starting from magnesia and of alumina or be introduced preformed into the mixture. For the formulation of concretes with low content of cement, the optimisation of particle packing requires a very controlled granulometry of the various raw materials. Several compositions of concrete of alumina spinel with low content of cement were formulated. The behaviour at high temperature of these concretes was studied starting from the evolutions of the modulus of elasticity measured by an ultrasonic technique. The variations of this elastic property make it possible to follow the microstructural evolutions occuring in material during a thermal cycle, in particular the evolution of the hydrates in temperature and cement phases
Tabit, Adelhalim. "Equilibre orthopyroxene-spinelle : etude experimentale et theorique, application aux roches issues du manteau superieur." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CLF21025.
Full textGentils, Aurélie. "Effets d'irradiation et comportement des produits de fission dans la zircone et le spinelle." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003795.
Full textHain, Holger [Verfasser], Horst [Akademischer Betreuer] Hahn, and Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Janek. "Spinelle als Anodenmaterialien für Lithium-Ionen-Akkumulatoren / Holger Hain. Betreuer: Horst Hahn ; Jürgen Janek." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1107770157/34.
Full textRaynal, Régis. "Elaboration et étude des céramiques transparentes de type spinelle dans le système MgO-Al203." Limoges, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIMO0059.
Full textOUDJEDI, ZOHRA. "Contribution a l'etude structurale de materiaux composites spinelle-zircone realises par enrobage sol-gel." Orléans, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ORLE2072.
Full textPARMENTIER, JULIEN. "Synthese par voie sol-gel et caracterisation de composes a structures spinelle et mullite." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR13149.
Full textTabit, Adelhalim. "Equilibre orthopyroxène-spinelle étude expérimentale et théorique, application aux roches issues du manteau supérieur /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37601376p.
Full textRaynal, Régis. "Elaboration et étude des céramiques transparentes de type spinelle dans le système MgO-AlO." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37617926f.
Full textGAYRAUD, JEROME. "Synthese du spinelle nickelifere : etudes cinetique, thermodynamique et application a la limite cretace - tertiaire." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112311.
Full textWang, Liping. "Towards a better understanding of "LiNi0. 5Mn1. 5O4" high voltage cathode material : combined powder and thin film study." Amiens, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AMIE0123.
Full textThe thesis objectives were to obtain a deeper understanding of the structure, electrochemical properties, surface modification, and transport properties of high voltage spinel LiNi0. 5Mn1. 5O4 powders and thin films as cathode material in lithium ion battery. The effect of synthesis parameters on oxygen deficiency and the formed phases were investigated. We proposed a peritectoid phase transition to explain the presence of some rock salt impurities. LiNi0. 5Mn1. 5O4 thin films were deposited by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) method. The effect of deposition pressure and temperature on microstructure, morphology, and electrochemical properties was investigated. The apparent lithium diffusion coefficient was estimated to a value of 1~2 ×10−12 cm2 s–1. We evidenced the beneficial effect of ALD prepared Al2O3-based coating when an annealing treatment was performed at 600oC. We propose that this is linked with the formation of LiAlx(Ni0. 5Mn1. 5)yO4 lithium ion conductor thus allowing improving the capacity retention. The transport properties of LiMn1. 5Ni0. 5O4-δ thin film via PLD were measured. It is demonstrated that the oxygen stoichiometry is the main factor for controlling the electronic conductivity
Chasserio, Nadège. "Corrélations entre la composition et le structure de particules d’oxydes mixtes de métaux de transition et leurs propriétés optiques et thermoradiatives." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30191.
Full textThe aim of this study is to integrate oxide powders in aeronautical coatings to limit thermal contrasts between the aircraft and its environment in the infrared range. The optical characteristics (complex refractive index and hemispherical directional reflectivity) and radiative one (emissivity) have been measured. The studied oxides are ferrites and manganites with spinel structure. A study of the chemical composition of CuxNiyMn3-x-yO4 has allowed to optimize the optical properties (n up to 3,8 for λ =3µm). The roles of the cationic distribution and of the proportion of Cu+ cations have been shown. The radiative behaviour of the coatings charged by these oxides has been simulated. The theory of the radiative transfer has been used to consider the multiple diffusion phenomena. Simulations have shown the strong influence of the binder on the limitation of the performances. The obtained coatings have permitted to reduce the apparent temperature of 30°C (for a real temperature of 100°C)
Dinh, Thi Mong Cam. "Influence des conditions d'élaboration sur les transformations de phases dans les couches minces de cobaltites de fer à structure spinelle." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30090.
Full textThin spinel films of Co1.7Fe1.3O4 iron cobaltites, whose composition is in the miscibility gap of the CoFe2O4-Co3O4 phase diagram, were prepared by RF sputtering near room temperature. The films obtained, whose thicknesses were fixed at 300 nm, consist of crystallites with a mean diameter close to 20 nm. The treatment of these samples at 600 °C for several hours leads to the formation of two spinel phases, in agreement with the phase diagram. This transformation was clearly established, both by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. In "bulk" iron cobaltites of close or same compositions, such a transformation is of spinodal type and is characterized by a pseudo-periodic organization of rich iron and cobalt-rich spinel phases on a scale of a few tens of nanometers. In order to highlight this organization in the thin films, microscopy studies were carried out. A specific preparation process was even developed in order to cut in-plane thin sections, by the focused ion beam (FIB) technique. Crystallites can thus be observed and studied individually. The analyzes revealed, however, and in the best case (i.e. for the largest crystallites), the presence of only two zones of different compositions. The expected pseudo-periodic alternation could never be observed. It seems that the nanometric size of the crystallites, prevents the spinodal transformation which was highlighted in the "bulk" samples. The observation of local chemical anomalies in grain boundaries corroborates this hypothesis, which suggests a "nano" effect on phase transformation. For the present work, it was furthermore found that in addition to the temperature and the annealing time, the sputtering conditions also have a significant impact on the formation and decomposition of the phases in the thin films. Although this study did not find the deposition conditions that lead directly to the formation of two spinel phases after sputtering, it shows however that certain conditions shorten the annealing times while lowering the temperatures required to perform the targeted transformation. For the first time, iron cobaltite thin films were subjected to laser beam treatments to induce phase transformations within them. It was shown that the formation of two spinels from a single-phase film can be achieved in very short times and at low laser power, probably because of a rapid and high rise of local temperature, due to the absorption of the laser beam. The numerous parameters offered by the photolithography machine used (power, scanning speed, scanning increment, focusing, etc.) could not be exhaustively explored during this study. The latter should therefore be considered only as a preliminary work. The results, however, are promising and seem to bring out a new treatment route, allowing simple phase transformations in iron cobaltites
Graba, Lotfi. "Elaboration de refractaires base spinelle influence des matieres premieres sur la microstructure des produits frittes." Orléans, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ORLE2029.
Full textHENZ, PASCAL. "Preparation de ferrites de structure spinelle par valorisation de dechets industriels et caracterisation en hyperfrequences." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR13093.
Full textBenameur, Nassira. "Élaboration et caractérisations d'un spinelle polycristallin à grains fins transparent dans le visible et l'infrarouge." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10187/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the elaboration of a transparent polycristalline ceramic with a cubic crystalline structure: magnesium aluminate spinel. Contrary to single-crystals such as sapphire, a polycristalline material can be elaborated, through a low cost process, with different sizes and shapes. Spinel has the main advantage to be a bi-band material: transparent in the visible and in the mid-infrared range (0.4-6µm). Despite many attempts to commercialize spinel, it is not available yet as an optical material due to the difficulty to get transparency (dense and defect-free material). The aim of this work is to propose a simple and reliable process in order to obtain a fine-grained and transparent spinel. Different sintering routes have been investigated: pressureless sintering on air followed by a High Isostatic Pressing step (HIP) and Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). According to the sintering route chosen, the optical and mechanical properties of the final product have been compared. Finally the transport properties of spinel, have been investigated by EELS spectroscopy and by ionic conductivity measurements
Hallynck, Sylvain. "Elaboration et caractérisations de composites chargés en ferrite spinelle à morphologie contrôlée pour utilisations micro-ondes." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/HALLYNCK_Sylvain_2005.pdf.
Full textIn this work, the dynamic electromagnetic properties of composite materials loaded with nickel-zinc spinel ferrite platelets (Ni1-xZnxFe2O4) were studied. Firstly the synthesis of the ferrite platelets has been developed. It is carried out in two stages. Single crystal hematite (-Fe2O3) platelets are initially obtained by hydrothermal treatment. It is possible to control their diameter between 30 and 300 µm. In the second step, these particles undergo a topotactic transformation into spinel ferrite by molten salt reaction. The so obtained platelets are polycrystalline and textured. The size of the crystallites which compose them can be increased by rising the reaction temperature from 1000 to 1200°C. In a second part, fine composite sheets (250 µm) are obtained by tape casting. Two techniques were developed. The first one makes it possible to work out composites at variable load factor thanks to the solidification of polyvinylbutyral by solvent evaporation. The other one is based on in-situ polymerization of butylméthacrylate. Castings were also carried out under magnetic field in order to improve the orientation of the particles. Quantitative analyses show the texturing effect of this field and the improvement of the orientation with the increase in the size of the platelets used as load. Finally, the dynamic permeability and permittivity of the composites were measured in single coil and coaxial line. We have shown the importance of the load morphology. Platelets make it possible to reach higher permeability values at lower frequency than an equivalent load with spheroid form. All in all, the increase in the size of the platelets or of the crystallites which compose them and the improvement of the texture of the composites make it possible to obtain higher values of permeability at lower frequency
Siret, Delphine. "Evaluation des rejets atmosphériques engendrés par un impact météoritique : approche thermodynamique." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077168.
Full textLe, Nestour Anne. "Corrélation structure - propriétés d'absorption UV-Vis-IR associée aux états de valence du cuivre dans des oxydes à base de zinc de type spinelle et würtzite." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00128089.
Full textAchouri, Esma Ines. "Ingénierie d'un catalyseur spinelle Ni-Al pour le reformage à la vapeur du diesel : analyse et optimisation." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6936.
Full textEyraud, Franck. "Contribution à l'élaboration et à la caractérisation de céramiques magnétiques de structure spinelle pour l'absorption d'ondes électromagnétiques." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO19007.
Full textSoiron, Sophie. "Influence de la mécanochimie sur les propriétés structurales et catalytiques d'oxydes de structure type-pérovskite et-spinelle." Amiens, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AMIE0014.
Full textVarnier, Olivier. "Synthèse et caractérisation de poudres de spinelle de magnésium et d'oxyde d'erbium par les voies sol-gel." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20032.
Full textNuns, Nicolas. "Caractérisation de la charge d'espace aux joints de grains du spinelle MgAI2O4 : influence possible sur la superplasticité." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-Nuns.pdf.
Full textGajdowski, Caroline. "Élaboration de spinelle MgAl2O4 transparent par frittage naturel et post-HIP pour des applications en protections balistiques." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018VALE0022/document.
Full textThis work focuses on the improvement and the lightening of transparent ballistic armours. The conventional use of glass provides high efficiency against a projectile, however associated with a heavy and thick armour. The replacement of the strike face by a polycrystalline ceramic, such as MgAl2O4 spinel, leads to a performance gain and a decrease of the protection volume. The development of this material requires the combination of a high optical quality in the visible domain and high mechanical properties. In this work, pressureless sintering under vacuum of a high purity commercial powder allowed to minimize the addition of impurities, detrimental to the transparency, and the grain growth phenomenon. An additional step of hot isostatic pressing was necessary to eliminate residual porosity and to obtain transparent spinel with high optical quality (80% at 400-800 nm, t = 2 mm, Ø21 mm). An analysis of the microstructure before and after the post-treatment made it possible to determine the link between the grain and pore sizes before post-sintering and the observed grain growth during this treatment. An optimisation of the process was established in order to restrain the grain size increase, and thus to obtain a homogeneous microstructure (~ 12 μm). After a successful up-scaling of the samples (t = 4 mm, Ø60 mm), several spinel samples with distinctive microstructural and mechanical properties were selected in order to evaluate their performances through ballistic tests
Verger, Louisiane. "Les oxydes de chrome dans les pigments et les décors de porcelaine." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066546/document.
Full textChromium oxides are widely used in the ceramic industry because they are characterized by a large variety of colors. At the French porcelain manufacture of Sèvres, their coloring properties have been explored since the discovery of chromium at the end of the 18th century. The researches initiated by Brongniart lead to a group of 76 pigments for porcelain composed of chromium oxides, regularly synthesized at the laboratory of the manufacture. An exhaustive study was done on these pigments, which enables to propose a classification based on their mineralogical analysis and highlights the role of Cr3+ in the color of the pigments, without Cr6+. The mixture of one or two pigments and an uncolored frit is applied on the porcelain, and fired at high temperature to obtain a glaze, i.e. a partly glassy decorative layer on the top of the porcelain. Pigments composed of chromium are used to obtain green, pink, greenish-blue, brown and black glazes. This thesis focuses on a particular pigment, mainly composed of gahnite doped with chromium ZnAl2O4:Cr3+. This kind of pigment was identified in a collection of artefacts produced by the manufacture between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. This period corresponds to the artistic movement Art Nouveau. The solid solution ZnAl2-xCrxO4 was studied to get the structural environment of Cr, showing the role of the second neighbor Cr in the color variation. During firing of the glaze, a mechanism of gradual dissolution of the initial grains of pigments was determined, resulting of reactions with the uncolored frit. Our work shows the low solubility of Cr in glass and its preferential speciation in crystals, leading to crystalline phase changes or modifications of composition along solid solutions during the thermal treatment at high temperature. These modifications enable to understand the origin of color in porcelain glazes and the mechanism of glaze formation
Dodane, Catherine. "Dommages d'irradiation dans des céramiques de structure spinelle MGAl2O4 et ZNAl2O4- : application à la transmutation des déchets nucléaires." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112013.
Full textThe transmutation of minor actinides in-reactor is one solution currently being studied for the long time management of nuclear waste. In the heterogeneous concept the radionuclides are incorporating in an inert ceramic matrix. The support material must be insensitive to radiation damage. Fission product damage is the main radiation damage source during the transmutation process and therefore it is of the utmost importance to study their effects. We irradiated spinels MgA12O4 (matrix of reference) and ZnAl2O4 by fast ions (by example: (86)Kr of approximately 400MeV) simulating the fission products. Under these conditions, the damage is primarily due to the electronic energy losses (Se). One of the structural features of spinel AB2O4 is that the two cations (A(2+) and B(3+)) can exchange their site. This phenomenon is quantified by the inversion parameter. We highlight by XRD in grazing incidence that the structural changes observed in MgAl2O4 correspond to an order-disorder transition from the cation sub-networks and not to a phase shift as described in the literature. Using other techniques characterizing the space group (Raman spectroscopy) as well as the local order (NMR 27Al, spectroscopy of absorption X with the thresholds K of Al and Zn), we confirm this interpretation. Moreover, for a fluence of 101̂4 ions/cm2̂, the loss of the order at long distance is observed thus meaning a beginning of amorphization of material. The ZnA12O4 spinel presents the same behavior. For this last spinel, an evolution of the inversion parameter according to the stopping power to power 2 was highlighted after irradiation by ions (86)Kr from approximately 20MeV. We illustrate our study by the analysis of the results obtained in XRD of an irradiation out of composite fuel (MgAl2O4 + UO2) called THERMHET
Stocky, Robin. "Etude du traitement de poudres et influence des caractéristiques obtenues sur la transparence de céramiques du type spinelle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPHF0015.
Full textThis work aims to elaborate the benefits of transparent ceramics in ballistic protection systemswhich are employed by the military in their vehicles. The main focus lies on improving bothoptical and mechanical properties as well as reducing the weight of the system as a whole.Substituting the standard multilayered front glass panel with a polycrystalline ceramic, suchas the spinel MgAl2O4 used in this work, considerably improves its ballistic performance, whilesimultaneously reducing its mass and volume. In order to achieve these improved properties,which most commonly result from a fine-grained microstructure, a very fine grained andreactive powder is used. However, the use of such powders raises additional difficulties inshaping and homogeneous sintering, all of which have a negative effect on the transparency ofthe ceramic. The first focus of this study is the selection of an appropriate powder, carried outby comparison of multiple commercially available powders. This following step highlightedthe rheological and morphological particularities of the examined powders, necessary for theshaping of ceramics, and influencing the sintering and thus the final transparency, such asgranular rearrangement, specific surface area or permeability. Once the spinel powder hadbeen chosen, a processing study was carried out on it, exploiting its agglomeration to obtain avisibility transparent ceramic with a fine microstructure. Since some nanopowders presentedwith difficulties in shaping, further optimization of different treatment methods (use of afreeze dryer, an oven or a spray dryer) in combination with appropriate sintering approacheswere explored. Ultimately, by combining a spray dryer and a PEG additive, the study resultedin the production of a transparent spinel ceramic with a fine microstructure (grain size of4-5 µm) and an in-line transmission of 71% at 650 nm. A parallel study on strengtheningthe transparent spinel by introducing various additives, such as nanodiamond, alumina, andzirconia was also carried out. The primary objective was to improve the mechanical propertiesof the spinel, while keeping its optical properties untouched. The addition of a secondaryphase as reinforcement raised many difficulties, mainly due to the size disparity, differentrefractive index of the spinel and potential unwanted reactions that can occur during sintering.Lastly, the final study focused on complex shaping of spinel ceramics for ballistic protection.As a prerequisite, a complete examination of the spinel’s suspension and its behaviour duringshaping had to be performed. The new findings validated liquid shaping as a viable solutionto achieve transparent 3D profiles, while the classic uniaxial pressing route did not yield anyconclusive results. Each of the studies was based on the morphology of the powder and itsevolution during shaping and sintering. The results were obtained through microstructuraland rheological studies as well as the evaluation of optical and mechanical properties
Kester, Etienne. "Dynamique d'évolution à basse température des ferrites de cuivre nanométriques de structure spinelle. Corrélation avec leur distribution cationique et quelques propriétés physiques." Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOS054.
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