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1
Ferry, B. W., and E. Lodge. "Distribution and Succession of Lichens Associated with Prunus Spinosa at Dungeness, England." Lichenologist 28, no. 2 (1996): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/lich.1996.0012.
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AbstractThe distribution and succession of epiphytic and other associated lichens on blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) growing on the shingle at Dungeness is described. Some 33 epiphytic species, which exhibited a range of ecological strategies from pioneer to late colonizers, were recorded. Both the rate of change of status (age) of blackthorns and the progress of lichen colonization seemed to depend on whether the bushes were growing directly on shingle or on adjacent alluvial soil; both processes seeming to be more rapid on the former substratum. Terricolous lichens, of which 18 were recorded, generally appeared late in the succession and mostly amongst bushes growing on shingle. Rabbits often invaded the blackthorns, especially those on alluvium, and probably contributed to the lack of terrestrial lichens under these bushes. Blackthorns growing on shingle tended to be more prostrate in form than those on alluvium.
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Negrean, Oana-Raluca, Anca Corina Farcas, Oana Lelia Pop, and Sonia Ancuta Socaci. "Blackthorn—A Valuable Source of Phenolic Antioxidants with Potential Health Benefits." Molecules 28, no. 8 (2023): 3456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28083456.
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Prunus spinosa L. fruit, commonly known as blackthorn, is a rich source of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, vitamins, minerals, and organic acids, which exhibit significant antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Notably, flavonoids such as catechin, epicatechin, and rutin have been reported to have protective effects against diabetes, while other flavonoids, including myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol, exhibit antihypertensive activity. Solvent extraction methods are widely used for the extraction of phenolic compounds from plant sources, owing to their simplicity, efficacy, and broad applicability. Furthermore, modern extraction techniques, such as microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), have been employed to extract polyphenols from Prunus spinosa L. fruits. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the biologically active compounds found in blackthorn fruits, emphasizing their direct physiological effects on the human body. Additionally, the manuscript highlights the potential applications of blackthorn fruits in various industries, including the food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and functional product sectors.
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Marčetić, Mirjana, Stevan Samardžić, Tijana Ilić, Dragana D. Božić, and Bojana Vidović. "Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant, Anti-Enzymatic, Antimicrobial and Prebiotic Properties of Prunus spinosa L. Fruits." Foods 11, no. 20 (2022): 3289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11203289.
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Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.) fruit is bluish-black wild fruit traditionally used in nutrition and medicine. It is recently gaining attention as a functional food and an underutilized source of bioactive compounds for application in the food and pharmaceutical industry. This study aimed to assess the health-promoting potential of blackthorn fruits from Serbia by examining their chemical composition and in vitro biological activities. Phytochemical analysis of the blackthorn fruit extracts was performed using LC-DAD-ESI-MS. The total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoid (TFC), total anthocyanin (TAC) content, antioxidant capacity, and enzyme inhibitory activities were determined spectrophotometrically. The antimicrobial and prebiotic properties were tested using the broth microdilution method. Twenty-seven phenolics belonging to the classes of hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids derivatives, flavonoids, and anthocyanins were identified, with caffeoylquinic acid as the most abundant compound. Blackthorn extracts were characterized by notable TPCs, TFCs, and TACs, and free radical scavenging and reducing ability. The enzyme inhibitory effects (IC50 = 0.43–2.16 mg/mL) were observed towards α‑amylase, α‑glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase, and tyrosinase. Blackthorn fruit extracts in a concentration‑dependent manner (0.3–5 mg/mL) stimulated the growth of several probiotic microorganisms and their mixtures, especially the yeast Saccharomyces boulardii. Obtained results support further evaluation of the functional food potential of blackthorn fruit.
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NEGREAN, Oana, Anca FĂRCAȘ, Sonia SOCACI, et al. "Extraction and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds from Prunus Spinosa L. Fruits with Potential in the De-velopment of Edible Films." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Food Science and Technology 80, no. 2 (2023): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-fst:2023.0032.
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Prunus spinosa L., commonly known as blackthorn, is rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, vitamins, minerals, and organic acids, displaying strong antioxidant and antibacterial properties. This investigation aims to assess bioactive compounds in fresh and lyophilized blackthorn fruits and analyze ethanolic extracts for phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial effects. The primary objective was to develop a chitosan-based film with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, targeting the enhancement of food packaging solutions, along with inhibition of S. aureus bacteria. Results showed that ethanolic extracts of blackthorn possess significant antimicrobial efficacy, demonstrating notable effectiveness against S. aureus. Notably, the film incorporating an 80% ethanolic extract demonstrated greater effectiveness against S. aureus-inoculated cheese. This outcome underscores the inhibitory potential of blackthorn extracts on S. aureus growth within a food matrix.
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Moskalets, Valentyn, Bohdan Hulko, Svitlana Matkovska, Oleg Knyazyuk, and Stepan Polyvanyi. "Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.): ecological features of promising forms and the value of the nutrient composition of their fruits for the production of functional products." Studia Biologica 18, no. 4 (2024): 175–90. https://doi.org/10.30970/sbi.1804.793.
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Background.The relevance of the research is determined by a constant striving to increase the possibilities of using rare fruit and berry crops, e.g. blackthorn, in plant breeding and the production of healthy food products. It can be achieved by scientifically based selection and evaluation of fruit taking into account their physiological, phytopathological and biochemical parameters. The purpose of the research is to expand the morphological diversity of blackthorn that combines high productivity and quality for further breeding. Materials and Methods. Morphological characteristics and biological properties of the new forms of blackthorn as well as their biochemical parameters constitute the material for this research. A plethora of methods was applied: field, phenological, biometric, physiological and statistical ones. Results. The study presents original data on the morphology and economic characteristics of various blackthorn forms (Prunus spinosa L.) obtained as a result of selection in semiarid lands of the northern, central and western parts of Ukraine. The paper highlights morphological and biological properties of the selected forms of blackthorn, biochemical parameters of fruits, including the content of polyphenolic substances as a source of antioxidants. The study revealed that the selected forms of blackthorn have high drought resistance and winter hardiness, in addition to resistance to low temperatures during the flowering phase. Phenological observations of plants of different forms of Prunus spinosa L. allowed establishing the time of onset of the ontogenesis phases: the development of vegetative and generative buds, budding and flowering, appearance of leaves, intensity of shoot growth, formation and development of ovaries, and fruit ripening, which is a significant scientific achievement for the prospective selection in the fruit gardening system. The forms of blackthorn were differentiated by plant height, growth strength, thorniness, fruit size and weight and their potential use in the processing and manufacturing of functional foods. Biochemical analysis of the fruits, particularly the determination of polyphenols, allowed ascertaining their suitability for processing and manufacturing of healthy food products. Conclusions. The obtained data on selected new forms of blackthorn is a potential source of material for prospective breeding. Moreover, technologies for the production of blended juices and syrups from the fruits of the best samples of blackthorn were developed regarding their biochemical properties and technological indicators.
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Murati, Teuta, Marina Miletić, Josipa Kolarić, et al. "Toxic activity of Prunus spinosa L. flower extract in hepatocarcinoma cells." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 70, no. 4 (2019): 303–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2019-70-3322.
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AbstractPrunus spinosa L. (blackthorn) is used in traditional medicine as a remedy for various diseases. To establish its anticancer properties, we exposed human liver cancer cells (Hep G2) to a range of blackthorn flower extract concentrations (10-200 µg/mL) and determined cytotoxic activity with the neutral red and kenacid blue methods after 24, 48, and 72 h of incubation. Statistically significant inhibitory effects on Hep G2 cellular proliferation were observed at concentrations above 50 µg/mL (p<0.001–0.05). Cell viability was lower when determined with neutral red than kenacid blue method. In addition, we evaluated antioxidant/prooxidant effects of the blackthorn flower extract by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the results confirmed its prooxidant behaviour within the applied concentration range. Flow cytometry determined primarily necrotic and apoptotic cell death, which provides additional evidence of its cytotoxic effect on liver carcinoma.
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Bükücü, Şakir Burak, Zahide Süslüoğlu, Akide Özcan, Nefise Ebru Yaşa Kafkas, and Mehmet Sütyemez. "Determination of chemical composition of some blackthorn genotypes (Prunus spinosa L.)." Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 61, no. 4 (2024): 401–12. https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.1425197.
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Objective: This study aimed to analyze the chemical and functional properties of fruits from five selected Prunus spinosa L. genotypes grown in Seydişehir district of Konya province, and determine the differences among the genotypes. Material and Methods: In the research, fruit properties such as fruit weight, pericarp color, flesh color were determined, while total soluble solids (TSS), pH, titratable acid (TA), total phenol content, antioxidant level and volatile organic compounds were analyzed. PCA analysis was employed to distinguish variations among the genotypes. Results: Five different blackthorn genotypes were examined for fruit properties, revealing variations. Fruit weight ranged from 1.31 g to 2.67 g. TSS content was determined to be between 11.9% and 13.2%. pH values varied from 3.35 to 4.22, while TA ranged from 0.83% to 1.30%. Total phenol content ranged from 356.92 mg GAE/100 g to 387.56 mg GAE/100 g. Total antioxidant levels were determined to be between 65.13% and 77.06%. Thirty different compounds were detected in the analysis of volatile organic compounds, including seven different acids. Conclusion: Significant diversity among the blackthorn genotypes has been identified. Statistical analyses have shown that B01T genotype has the highest total phenol content, while B05T genotype has the highest antioxidant level. The presence of various volatile organic compounds in blackthorn indicates the diversity of its chemical profile. The findings support the notion that blackthorn has a beneficial potential for health and is a valuable candidate for the development of health-focused food products.
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Tynkevich, Y. O., L. V. Kozub, and R. A. Volkov. "Organization and polymorphysm of 5S rDNA intergenic spacer of blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.)." Visnik ukrains'kogo tovaristva genetikiv i selekcioneriv 19, no. 1-2 (2021): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/visnyk.utgis.19.1-2.1439.
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Aim. The 5S rDNA repeated units consist of conserved regions encoding 5S rRNA and variable intergenic spacers (IGS). The IGS sequences are commonly used as molecular markers for low-ranking phylogenetic, phylogeographical and microevolutionary studies. However, this genomic region still remains undescribed for the waist majority of genera in the Rosaceae family. Here we present the first report of the IGS molecular organization and polymorphism for the widespread member of the Rosaceae family, Prunus spinosa. Methods. PCR amplification, cloning and sequencing of 5S rDNA, bioinformatics analysis. Results. The 5SrDNA IGS of P. spinosa was cloned sequenced and compared with the IGS of three other representatives of the genus Prunus. It was found that the IGS variants present in the genome of P. spinosa differ by the number of subrepeats located at the 5’end. Each of these subrepeats contain RNA Pol III transcription termination signal. The IGS sequences of Prunus species evolved mainly by accumulation of nucleotide substitutions. The level of intragenomic similarity of P. spinosa IGS is 96.5-100%, while the similarity between the IGS of different Prunus species ranges from 73.0 to 87.3%. Conclusions. The IGS of 5S rDNA represents a useful marker for phylogenetic and taxonomic studies in the genus Prunus.Keywords: 5S rDNA, molecular evolution, Prunus spinosa.
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Velickovic, Jasmina, Danijela Kostic, Gordana Stojanovic, et al. "Phenolic composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the extracts from Prunus spinosa L. fruit." Chemical Industry 68, no. 3 (2014): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind130312054v.
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Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.) is commonly used in food industry and phytotherapy. The contents of phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins and antioxidative activity in extracts of blackthorn fruit were determined using spectrophotometric methods. The content of total phenol compounds varies from 15.33 to 20.94 mg GAE g-1 of fresh fruit. The content of total flavonoids is very low, and ranges from 0.419 to 1.31 mg QE g-1 of fresh fruits. Anthocyanins content lies between 0.112 mg cyanidin 3-glucoside/g of fresh sample in ethanol extract and 0.265 mg of cyanidin 3-glucoside g-1 of fresh blackthorn fruit in methanol-water 50/50 (v/v) extract. The differences in total phenol compounds content depend on used extraction medium as a consequence of different polarity of used organic solvents and their mixtures, which selectively extract individual compounds. All explored extracts exhibited strong scavenging activity against DPPH radicals, which ranges from 32.05 to 89.10%. Phenolic acids (neochlorogenic and caffeic acids), flavonoids (quercetin and myricetin) and anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, peonidin-3-O-glucoside) were identified in investigated ethanol extracts by HPLC analysis. Ethanol extract shows significant antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 and Salmonella abony NCTC 6017 and antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Blackthorn fruit extract exhibits a high phenolic content and a high antioxidant activity, and can be used as an antioxidant in food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Čukanović, Jelena, Djurdja Petrov, Sara Đorđević, et al. "Prunus Spinosa L. In Peri-Urban Environments Under Climate Change Conditions: Vulnerability and Adaptability." Contemporary Agriculture 73, no. 3-4 (2024): 165–71. https://doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2024-0020.
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Summary This study aims to analyze the impact of climatic variables on the fruiting of blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.), a species which serves as both a food source and a habitat, offering birds shelter and providing other species with refuge from predators. Accordingly, blackthorn fruiting was recorded through field research in the peri-urban green infrastructure of Belgrade over 18 consecutive years. Urban edges are often the sites of expanding artificial surfaces, habitat fragmentation, and complex land-use transitions, including agricultural intensification and abandonment, which collectively increase pressures on residual semi-natural ecosystems. The integration of floristic sampling, phenological observations, landscape measures, and climatic variables allowed for an exploration of landscapes where blackthorn is successfully incorporated into semi-natural ecosystem remnants within a peri-urban context. The results obtained indicate that the phenological patterns of blackthorn, in response to climate change, demonstrate both adaptability and vulnerability to extreme climatic events during the flowering phase. In 2024, flowering began 6 days earlier than the earliest recorded start date and 43 days earlier than the latest start recorded over the previous 17 years. Regarding the fruiting (phonological) pattern, the average fruit maturation period was 288 days, while in 2024 it occurred 61 days earlier. The statistical significance of earlier fruit maturation and reduced accumulated heat requirements for fruit ripening was confirmed, revealing that as temperatures rise, key phenological events occur earlier with reduced heat accumulation, indicating a dependency on climatic parameters. Understanding the mechanism of phenological patterns is crucial for promoting effective environmental management practices and biodiversity conservation. The study also contributes to the potential application of its findings in designing green spaces in other peri-urban regions, supporting the sustainable development of complex peripheral landscapes by integrating blackthorn into green infrastructure planning.
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Balta, Vedran, Domagoj Đikić, Irena Landeka Jurčević, et al. "The Effect of a High-Protein Diet Supplemented with Blackthorn Flower Extract on Polyphenol Bioavailability and Antioxidant Status in the Organs of C57BL/6 Mice." Nutrients 15, no. 18 (2023): 4066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15184066.
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The health benefits of polyphenols are based on their bioavailability, which is why a significant portion of research focuses on factors that affect their bioavailability. Previous studies suggest that the intake of polyphenols along with macronutrients in food represents one of the key factors influencing the bioavailability of polyphenols and, consequently, their biological activity in the organism. Since polyphenols in the human diet are mainly consumed in food together with macronutrients, this study investigated the in vivo absorption, metabolism, and distribution of polyphenolic compounds from the water extract of blackthorn flower (Prunus spinosa L.) in combination with a protein-enriched diet in the organs (small intestine, liver, kidney) of C57BL/6 mice. The bioaccumulation of polyphenol molecules, biologically available maximum concentrations of individual groups of polyphenol molecules, and their effect on the oxidative/antioxidative status of organs were also examined. The results of this study indicate increased bioabsorption and bioavailability of flavan-3-ols (EC, EGCG) and reduced absorption kinetics of certain polyphenols from the groups of flavonols, flavones, and phenolic acids in the organs of C57BL/6 mice after intragastric administration of the water extract of blackthorn flower (Prunus spinosa L.) in combination with a diet enriched with whey proteins. Furthermore, subchronic intake of polyphenols from the water extract of blackthorn flower (Prunus spinosa L.) in combination with a diet enriched with whey proteins induces the synthesis of total glutathione (tGSH) in the liver and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver and small intestine. The results of this study suggest potential applications in the development of functional foods aimed at achieving the optimal health status of the organism and the possibility of reducing the risk of oxidative stress-related disease.
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Ionescu, Alina-Daiana, Mariana Ferdeș, Gheorghe Voicu, et al. "Effect of Grinding and Successive Sieving on the Distribution of Active Biological Compounds in the Obtained Fractions of Blackthorn Berries." Applied Sciences 14, no. 16 (2024): 7133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14167133.
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The current study evaluated the effect of powder fractionation based on particle size on the chemical composition of macronutrients such as proteins and sugars, on the phytochemical properties (total content of polyphenolic compounds, vitamin C, and antioxidant activity), on preservation capacity (water activity), powder functional properties (water absorption capacity and water solubility index), and physicochemical properties (particle size distribution and moisture content) of blackthorn berry (Prunus spinosa) powders. The fruits were separated from the plant material and seeds, dried, and then ground using an universal mill for dry materials. Eight fractions were obtained after sieving on sieves with different mesh sizes, such as 1 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.630 mm, 0.450 mm, 0.315 mm, 0.200 mm, and 0.125 mm. The grinding/sieving procedure was effective in separating Prunus spinosa powder into sufficiently different size classes. The maximal moisture content and water activity were 5.61% and 0.250, respectively, showed good preservation from a microbiological point of view, and ensured the prevention of oxidation of biologically active compounds of blackthorn berry powders. For samples with reduced particle sizes, the powder functional properties were greatly improved. The total phenolic content, carbohydrates, and antioxidant activity showed significantly different values for some particle size classes compared to the un-sieved sample. A considerable content of vitamin C was presented in the fraction with large particle sizes, precisely because they did not undergo intense degradation processes. Therefore, the technique of grinding and successive sieving proved effective in enhancing the physicochemical and functional characteristics of powdered blackthorn berries, particularly for smaller particles.
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Kosina, Romuald. "A contribution to the variability of Prunus spinosa L. in the vicinity of the mediaeval Castle Kolno, S-W Poland." Biodiversity: Research and Conservation 70 (June 30, 2023): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/biorc.2023.70.2.
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The variability of fruit stone characteristics of medieval fossil forms and modern ones was analysed in a small Prunus spinosa (blackthorn) population in the vicinity of Castle Kolno near Stare Kolnie in Opole Province. A modern putative hybrid resulting from natural crossing with cultivated plums was discovered, corresponding to some fossil morphotypes. The analysis of the correlations of features indicated developmental relationships between them. The pattern of variability of the examined stones in the ordination space confirmed the development of the Prunus spinosa-Prunus domestica complex as an element of a dynamic syngameon. The population also showed variations in leaf morphotypes, which may be used in taxonomic analysis.
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Gamkrelidze, Nino, and Giorgi Kvartskava. "The Influence of the Extraction Conditions of Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) Fruits and Leaves on the Yield of Phenolic Compounds." Works of Georgian Technical University, no. 2(520) (June 25, 2021): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36073/1512-0996-2021-2-49-56.
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Plant extracts used in food production significantly improve the quality of food. Chemical composition is the main prerequisites for the final use of plant extracts. The chemical composition of the extracts is affected by the extraction method and conditions - temperature, duration and solvent. On the basis of experimental data optimal conditions for the extraction of phenolic compounds from the fruits and leaves of blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) were selected. Among the extraction methods used in the experiment, the highest content of phenolic compounds in obtained extracts was observed during the ultrasonic extraction. A mixture of 0.25 parts of water and 0.75 parts of 96% ethanol showed best results from different volume ratios of water and ethanol. The optimal extraction time was 90 minutes. And the optimum temperature is 45°C. The total content of phenolic compounds in the extracts obtained by the abovementioned method amounted is 35.62±0.17 mgg -1(dry weight) for blackthorn fruits and 44,76 ± 0.08mgg -1(dry weight) for the leaves.
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Çakır, Elif, and Yüksel Bayram. "The Effect of Functional Component Grape Seed Powder on the Bioactive, Physicochemical, and Sensory Properties of Wild Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) and Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) Fruit Leathers." Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi 28, no. 4 (2024): 720–27. https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.1484629.
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In this study, the aim was to produce functional fruit leathers using wild cornelian cherry and blackthorn enriched with grape seed powder added at different rates (0%, 1% and 10%). Some physicochemical, bioactive, color and sensory properties of the produced fruit leathers were investigated. According to the results for physicochemical features of fruit leathers, % ash amount was 1.68-2.00%, % dry matter was 82.75-91.03, protein amount was 3.52-5.71%, pH was 3.04-3.43. While dry matter values were statistically significant between samples, the fruit leather samples richest in terms of ash amount were cornelian cherry and blackthorn fruit leathers containing 10% grape seed powder. The highest protein values were determined for blackthorn fruit leather containing 10% grape seed powder. The total phenolic content of Cornelian cherry fruit leather samples was 90.7-1164.0 mg GAE/100 g, while blackthorn fruit leather samples contained 52.4-1545.6 mg GAE/100 g. Fruit leather samples were determined to have significant increases in antioxidant capacity. The highest antioxidant capacity was determined in blackthorn and cornelian cherry fruit leathers containing 10% grape seed powder with values of 1969.0 mg TE/100 g and 1463.3 mg TE/100 g according to the DPPH method and 7414.1 mg TE/100 g and 4982.4 mg TE/100 g according to the CUPRAC method, respectively. The phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of wild fruit leather significantly increased with the addition of grape seed powder. While grape seed powder added to the formulation thickened the samples, the redness of the cornelian cherry fruit leathers increased, while the blueness of blackthorn fruit leathers increased. In terms of sensory features, the general approval scores between fruit leathers were affected at a statistically significant level. The 10% grape seed proportion reduced sensory approval, while the 1% rate was liked more. The highest approval was obtained for cornelian cherry fruit leather containing 1% grape seed powder.
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Katanić Stanković, Jelena S., Nenad Mićanović, Nadja Grozdanić, et al. "Polyphenolic Profile, Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potential of Medlar (Mespilus germanica L.), Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.) and Common Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.) Fruit Extracts from Serbia." Horticulturae 8, no. 11 (2022): 1053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8111053.
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Plant-based food represents an excellent source of different nutrients and bioactive compounds, such as phenolics, carotenoids, vitamins, etc., with proven health benefits for humans. The content of selected phytochemicals, polyphenolic profile, and biological activity (antioxidant potential and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity) of fruit extracts of medlar (Mespilus germanica L.), blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.), and common hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.), the neglected Rosaceae species originated from Serbia were studied. Targeted UHPLC/(−)HESI–MS/MS quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds revealed pinocembrin only in medlar fruit extract, and it is the first report of this flavanone in medlar fruits. Total phenolic content did not differ between extracts, whereas significant differences were observed for the contents of total flavonoids, total phenolic acids, and total gallotannins. Monomeric anthocyanins and total anthocyanins were significantly higher in blackthorn compared to medlar and hawthorn fruit extracts (p < 0.05). DPPH· and ABTS·+ scavenging activities for examined fruits were modest compared to other natural antioxidants and BHT. The most potent inhibitory activity toward α-glucosidase expressed medlar and blackthorn extracts with IC50 values of 129.46 and 199.84 μg/mL, respectively, which was higher compared to the standard drug acarbose.
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Ashton, N. M., and J. Doles. "Plant Thorn Synovitis Caused byPrunus Spinosa(Blackthorn) Penetration in 35 Horses." Equine Veterinary Journal 47 (September 2015): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/evj.12486_38.
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Katanić, Stanković Jelena S., Nenad Mićanović, Nađa Grozdanić, et al. "Polyphenolic Profile, Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potential of Medlar (Mespilus germanica L.), Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.) and Common Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.) Fruit Extracts from Serbia." Horticulturae 8, no. 11 (2022): 1053. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8111053.
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Abstract Plant-based food represents an excellent source of different nutrients and bioactive compounds, such as phenolics, carotenoids, vitamins, etc., with proven health benefits for humans. The content of selected phytochemicals, polyphenolic profile, and biological activity (antioxidant potential and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity) of fruit extracts of medlar (Mespilus germanica L.), blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.), and common hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.), the neglected Rosaceae species originated from Serbia were studied. Targeted UHPLC/(−)HESI–MS/MS quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds revealed pinocembrin only in medlar fruit extract, and it is the first report of this flavanone in medlar fruits. Total phenolic content did not differ between extracts, whereas significant differences were observed for the contents of total flavonoids, total phenolic acids, and total gallotannins. Monomeric anthocyanins and total anthocyanins were significantly higher in blackthorn compared to medlar and hawthorn fruit extracts (p < 0.05). DPPH<sup>·</sup> and ABTS<sup>·+</sup> scavenging activities for examined fruits were modest compared to other natural antioxidants and BHT. The most potent inhibitory activity toward α-glucosidase expressed medlar and blackthorn extracts with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 129.46 and 199.84 μg/mL, respectively, which was higher compared to the standard drug acarbose.
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Capek, Peter, and Iveta Uhliariková. "Antioxidant Active Polysaccharides Extracted with Oxalate from Wild Blackthorn Fruits (Prunus spinosa L.)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 8 (2024): 4519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084519.
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Although several therapeutic effects have been attributed to wild blackthorn fruits, their use is still negligible. Purification of the antioxidant-active fraction, obtained from wild blackthorn fruits by hot ammonium oxalate extraction (Ao), yielded seven fractions after successive elution with water, sodium chloride and sodium hydroxide solutions. The purified fractions differ in carbohydrates, proteins, and phenolics. About 60% of the applied Ao material was recovered from the column, with the highest yields eluted with 0.25 M NaCl solution, accounting for up to 70 wt% of all eluted material. Analyses have shown that two dominant fractions (3Fa and 3Fb) contain 72.8–81.1 wt% of galacturonic acids, indicating the prevalence of homogalacturonans (HG) with a low acetyl content and a high degree of esterification. The low content of rhamnose, arabinose and galactose residues in both fractions indicates the presence of RG-I associated with arabinogalactan. In terms of yield, the alkali-eluted fraction was also significant, as a dark brown-coloured material with a yield of ~15 wt% with the highest content of phenolic compounds of all fractions. However, it differs from other fractions in its powdery nature, which indicates a high content of salts that could not be removed by dialysis.
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ANDRONIE, Luisa, Liviu HOLONEC, Ioana POP, et al. "Antioxidant Capacity of Several Romanian Forest Fruits (Rosa canina L., Prunus spinosa L., Vaccium vitis-idaea L. and Cornus mas L.)." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 47, no. 4 (2019): 1178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha47411709.
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The comparison of the antioxidant activity of the studied forest fruits emphasized a hierarchy of the antioxidant capacity in rosehip, blackthorn, lingonberry and cornelian cherry. The purpose of the study was to investigate the antioxidant capacity and nutritional value of rosehip, blackthorn, lingonberry and cornelian cherry. In the current study, the FT-IR spectroscopy technique was applied to detect molecular components in forest fruits samples. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated with photochemical assay as well as humidity, protein, fibre, lipid and carbohydrate content. The FT-IR results revealed the presence of different bio-active compounds in berries such as flavonoids, tannins, sugars, acids, proanthocyanidins, carotenoids, citric metabolites and others. The highest antioxidant capacity was observed in rosehip 105.67±1.38 and blackthorn 49.89±1.92 (μg/mg equivalent ascorbic acid). Regarding nutritional parameters, rosehip showed the most increased content of protein displaying average values of 1.60, carbohydrates 38.20 and fibre 24.10 (g/100 g/sample). These results can provide useful information providing a research interest for the identification of new molecular compounds from Romanian flora samples.
 
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 In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 4, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.
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Moskalets, Valentyn, Tatiana Moskalets, Ludmila Shevchuk, Viacheslav Frantsishko, Yurii Barat, and Volodymyr Krasovsky. "GENETIC RESOURCE OF THE BLACKTHORN OR SLOE (PRUNUS SPINOSA L.) WITH VALUABLE ECONOMIC SIGNS FOR BREEDING ON YIELD AND QUALITY." Agriculture and Forestry, no. 1 (April 29, 2022): 76–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2022-1-6.
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The analysis of literature data allowed to highlight the importance of the plant Prunus spinosa L. as a valuable source material in the selection of stone crops and its fruits as raw materials for the food and pharmaceutical industries. Leading scientists have obtained a significant number of valuable forms and varieties of terrain, in particular in Ukraine created a variety Donets’kyy krupnyy, in the CIS such varieties as Desertnyy, Velykoplidnyy, Sverkhobilnyy, Sladkiy and others. The analysis of theoretical bases revealed that it is important in the selection of Prunus spinosa L. to involve wild species and forms with different ploidy, in particular the use of hexaploid Prunus spinosa L. avoids the stage of pentaploid hybrids in F1. It is noted that fruit juice called blackthorn or sloe is effective for the prevention of intestinal parasites, dysentery, nonspecific colitis, food poisoning, and also has antiviral and antibacterial properties, which is relevant during pandemics. Original data on the results of expeditionary research of the staff of the Institute of Horticulture of NAAS, conducted in the ecosystems of Polissya and Forest-Steppe of Ukraine are highlighted. It is shown that as a result of analytical selection and fruitful cooperation with amateur gardeners, valuable source material of Prunus spinosa L. was selected and studied. Selected clones of Prunus spinosa L. were introduced to the hospital of the Institute of Horticulture of NAAS, where during 2017-2021 it was studied by morphological features and biological properties. It was found that the forms selected in the conditions of Polissya and Northern Forest-Steppe are characterized by tallness (over 2.5 m), resistance to low negative temperatures, large-fruitedness and increased fruit weight (Nosivs’ky 1-17, Nosivsk’y 2-17, Horokhivs’ky 1-20). Forms selected in the conditions of both Western and Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine are characterized by short stature (height up to 1.6 m), absence of thorns, resistance to moisture deficiency in spring and summer, yield and excellent taste and aroma of fruits (Brodivs’ky 17-19, Mukshans’ky 2-14, Poltava late, Halyts’ky 07-21, Poltavs’ky 2-17). Abundant fruiting of new forms of Prunus spinosa L. in 2021 allowed to harvest fruit from them and evaluate the morphological characteristics and biochemical parameters. The obtained data allowed to single out the most valuable in terms of fruit quality and suitability for food production.
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OLESIŃSKA, KATARZYNA, DANUTA SUGIER, and ŁUKASZ SĘCZYK. "The influence of selected preservation methods and storage time on the content of antioxidants in blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.) fruits." Agronomy Science 74, no. 1 (2019): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/as.2019.1.5.
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The aim of the study was to determine the influence of selected methods of preservation and storage time on the content of antioxidants in blackthorn fruit (Prunus spinosa L.). Preserved fruits were stored for 13 and 26 weeks without light at room temperature (freeze-dried and convection dried) and at –20°C (frozen samples). It was shown that both the method of preservation and the storage time had significant influence on the content of polyphenols (anthocyanins, flavonoids, total polyphenols) and antioxidant properties (Fe3+ reduction strength) of blackthorn fruit. As the storage time progressed, the anthocyanins content decreased in all preservation variants. In the case of frozen fruit after 26 weeks of storage, the content of flavonoids (by 12.5%), total polyphenols (by 48%) and the ability to reduce the iron ions were increased (by 55%). In turn, in the dried fruits after this period, the anthocyanins content, the polyphenol content and reduction strength were reduced. The highest values of the parameters evaluated after the assumed storage time has been demonstrated in lyophilizates.
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Ilhan, Gulce. "Sensory Evaluation, Biochemical, Bioactive and Antioxidant Properties in Fruits of Wild Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.) Genotypes from Northeastern Türkiye." Horticulturae 9, no. 9 (2023): 1052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9091052.
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Wild edible fruits are an important source for agriculture worldwide suffering from genetic erosion due to a severe genetic diversity reduction and domestication hindrance. In Türkiye, underutilized Prunus spinosa fruits are increasingly being considered as genetic resources and are marginally used by small farmers constituting a real safety valve for the sustainability of the processing plum value chain. Fruits of those plum genotypes differ in their biometric, processing and functional quality attributes. In this study, fruits of eight wild grown blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) genotypes were sampled from the Ispir district of the Erzurum province and subjected to sensory, morphological, biochemical and antioxidant characterization. Aroma, taste and juiciness were used as the criteria for sensory analysis, and a trained panel of ten experts established and evaluated the sensory characteristics of the fruits of the blackthorn. Fruit weight, fruit skin and flesh color as L*, a* and b* values were the main morphological parameters. For biochemical and bioactive analysis, organic acids, SSC (Soluble Solid Content), vitamin C, total anthocyanins, total phenolic content and total antioxidant capacity were determined. Antioxidant capacity was determined by FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assay. The results indicated significant differences among genotypes for most of the traits. The fruit weight was found between 2.78–3.67 g. The skin L*, a* and b* values were 13.11–16.12, 2.56–3.85 and 2.01–3.44, respectively. The flesh L*, a* and b* values were in the ranges of 17.45–20.37, 4.88–6.73 and 4.12–5.66, respectively. The SSC content ranged from 18.66% to 21.07%. The total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were between 372–504 mg GAE/100 g; 53–72 mg cy-3 g eq./100 g and 107–134 mmol Fe (II) eq./g, respectively. The dominant organic acid was malic acid for all genotypes and varied from 1.04 g/100 g to 1.52 g/100 g fresh weight base. The data showed that the analyzed blackthorns, particularly PS-5, PS-3 and PS-2 had bigger fruits indicate their suitability for fresh and dried consumption, PS-1 and PS-3 had higher juiciness, indicating their suitability for processing, and PS-4 and PS-6 had higher human health promoting compounds (higher total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity), making them suitable for future use as functional foods and as promising sources of natural antioxidants.
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Kırca, Levent, and Kerem Mertoğlu. "Morphological and Chemical Characteristics of Prunus spinosa L. Genotypes from Denizli (Çivril)." Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi 12, no. 2 (2025): 379–89. https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1608381.
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This study was conducted to characterize the physico-chemical properties of naturally occurring blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.) genotypes in Çivril, Denizli, Türkiye. In this context, 13 different blackthorn genotypes originating from seeds were examined in terms of color parameters, physical, and chemical properties. Physical characteristics of the fruits revealed that fruit width ranged from 7.95 mm to 14.12 mm, fruit length from 10.49 mm to 14.63 mm, and fruit weight varied between 1.82 g and 2.71 g. Notably, genotypes G3 and G5 stood out with fruit weights of 2.71 g and 2.58 g, respectively. Regarding the fruit flesh-to-seed ratio, genotype G3 exhibited the highest value of 7.10. In terms of color parameters, the L* value of the fruit skin ranged from 16.75 to 20.59, while the L* value of the fruit flesh varied between 17.48 and 20.45. Biochemical characteristics showed that the soluble solids content ranged widely from 12.00% to 23.40%, while pH values remained stable between 3.60 and 3.90. PCA analysis revealed that the first two components explained 67.13% of the total variation in the examined traits. Correlation analysis found a strong positive relation between fruit flesh color L* and b* values (r=0.95), as well as between fruit length and shape index (r=0.89). Based on the biplot results, it can be inferred that the studied P. spinosa genotypes have the potential to be evaluated in different ways. In conclusion, it can be stated that this species has high adaptability to local ecosystems and that, in the short term, more efficient genotypes can be obtained through selection, and in the long term, through hybridization.
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Athanasiadis, Vassilis, Theodoros Chatzimitakos, Konstantina Kotsou, Dimitrios Kalompatsios, Eleni Bozinou, and Stavros I. Lalas. "Utilization of Blackthorn Plums (Prunus spinosa) and Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium) Kernel Oil: Assessment of Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and Oxidative Stability." Biomass 4, no. 1 (2024): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomass4010003.
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Prunus avium L. and Prunus spinosa L. are valuable fruit-bearing trees known for their bioactive compounds and medicinal properties. However, limited research exists regarding their kernel oils. This study aimed to compare the chemical composition, quality parameters, and bioactive potential of the kernel oils extracted from Prunus avium L. and Prunus spinosa L. The kernel oils’ fatty acid and tocopherol profiles were characterized, and the presence of bioactive compounds were identified and quantified. Total polyphenol content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AAC) were also measured, indicating the presence of bioactive compounds in both oils. Additionally, the main quality parameters, including oxidative status, were evaluated. The fatty acid analysis revealed a higher proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids compared to monounsaturated fatty acids in both kernel oil samples. Linoleic acid (57–64%) and oleic acid (18–29%) were the major fatty acids in both Prunus avium L. and Prunus spinosa L. kernel oils. α-Eleostearic acid (11.87%) was quantified only in Prunus avium kernel oil. Furthermore, the α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherol content were determined, and it was found that both kernel oils contained γ-tocopherol as the major tocopherol (~204–237 mg/Kg). TPC in Prunus avium L. kernel oil was measured at 9.5 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/Kg and recorded as ~316% higher TPC than Prunus spinosa L. kernel oil. However, the recorded AAC were 11.87 and 14.22 μmol Trolox equivalent (TE)/Kg oil, respectively. Both oils recorded low peroxide values (~1.50 mmol H2O2/Kg), and low TBARS value (~0.4 mmol malondialdehyde equivalents, MDAE/Kg oil), but high p-anisidine value (23–32). The results indicated that both Prunus avium L. and Prunus spinosa L. kernel oils exhibited unique chemical compositions.
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Zakšek, Barbara, Nika Kogovšek, Franc Rebeušek, and Marijan Govedič. "Larval habitat characteristics of eastern eggar Eriogaster catax (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) in Slovenia." Natura Sloveniae 23, no. 2 (2021): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/ns.23.2.49-63.
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The ecology of the eastern eggar (Eriogaster catax) in Slovenia has not been well characterized to date. Within the framework of this study, focusing on the larval habitat of the species, a total of 489 caterpillar webs found in different areas of Slovenia were recorded and a number of important variables documented. These included the host plant species, the size of the web, the height of the web from the ground, the height of the host plant, the trunk diameter at ground level, the web aspect and the general habitat characteristics. The most important host plants turned out to be blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) and hawthorn (Crataegus spp.), with one web found on Pyrus pyraster and one on Amelanchier ovalis. The web sizes varied largely, with the median size reaching 54 cm2. The position and height of the web from the ground was correlated with the height of the plant. Most caterpillar webs (67.4%) were oriented to the south, south-west or south-east. 61.5% of caterpillar webs were recorded in temperate heath and scrubs, with the majority of them found in sub-Mediterranean blackthorn-privet scrub (25.4%), followed by Atlantic and medio-European blackthorn-privet scrub (18.0%) and shrub woodland (13.1%). The present study provides the first insight into the ecology of the eastern eggar in Slovenia, focusing on larval habitat. The characterization of the larval habitat is of particular importance for the conservation of the eastern eggar and its potential habitat in Slovenia.
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Škvareninová, Jana. "The Impact of Site Extremes on the Onset of Phenological Phases of Selected Tree Species." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 62, no. 5 (2014): 1117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201462051117.
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In the years 2007–2013 we performed phenological observations of common hazel (Corylus avellana L.), blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.), and hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.) at two locations of central Slovakia situated at elevations of 300 m and 530 m a.s.l. The phenophase of first leaves of all tree species started in the second half of April on average, and was conditioned by the average daily air temperatures above 0 °C. The earliest onset was observed at both locations in 2007 due to the highest average air temperature during the observed period, which in March reached the value of 6.1 °C. Colouring of leaves started in the second and third decades of September. Both phenophases began earlier at the location situated at the higher elevation due to the effect of aspect, terrain, and soil depth. During the last 7 years, the average length of the growing season of tree species situated at an elevation of 300 m was from 136 to 152 days, in more extreme conditions at an elevation of 530 m the growing season was shorter by 12 days in the case of blackthorn and by 5 days in the case of hawthorn.
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ÖZKAN, GÜLAY. "Bioaccessibility of blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) beverage polyphenols: effect of sugar andcitric acid addition." Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 47, no. 6 (2023): 1017–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.55730/1300-011x.3145.
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Nistor, Oana Viorela, Ștefania Adelina Milea, Bogdan Păcularu-Burada, Doina Georgeta Andronoiu, Gabriela Râpeanu, and Nicoleta Stănciuc. "Technologically Driven Approaches for the Integrative Use of Wild Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.) Fruits in Foods and Nutraceuticals." Antioxidants 12, no. 8 (2023): 1637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12081637.
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Different technological approaches were used in this study for the valorization of blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.) fruits in marmalade, jam, jelly, and nutraceuticals. Marmalade showed the highest concentrations of polyphenols (7.61 ± 0.05 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight (DW)) and flavonoids (4.93 ± 0.22 mg catechin equivalents/g DW), whereas jam retained the highest content of anthocyanins (66.87 ± 1.18 mg cyanidin-3-O-glucoside equivalents/g DW). A good correlation between polyphenol and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity was found, the highest value being 21.29 ± 1.36 mmol Trolox/g DW for marmalade. Alternatively, the fresh pulp was enriched with inulin, followed by inoculation with Lactobacillus acidophilus, and freeze-dried, allowing a powder to be obtained with a viable cell content of 6.27 × 107 CFU/g DW. A chromatographic analysis of blackthorn skin revealed that myricetin (2.04 ± 0.04 mg/g DW) was the main flavonoid, followed by (+)–catechin (1.80 ± 0.08 mg/g DW), (−)-epicatechin (0.96 ± 0.02 mg/g DW), and vanillic acid (0.94 ± 0.09 mg/g DW). The representative anthocyanins were cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside, and peonidin 3-O-glucoside, with an average concentration of 0.75 mg/g DW. The skin extract showed comparable IC50 values for tyrosinase (1.72 ± 0.12 mg/mL), α-amylase (1.17 ± 0.13 mg/mL), and α-glucosidase (1.25 ± 0.26 mg/mL). The possible use of kernels as calorific agents was demonstrated through the evaluation of calorific power of 4.9 kWh/kg.
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Szmagara, Agnieszka, Agnieszka Krzyszczak-Turczyn, and Ilona Sadok. "Fruits of Polish Medicinal Plants as Potential Sources of Natural Antioxidants: Ellagic Acid and Quercetin." Applied Sciences 15, no. 11 (2025): 6094. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15116094.
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Due to their antioxidant and other beneficial properties, polyphenol-rich plants are important functional foods. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the content of two polyphenols—ellagic acid and quercetin—in fruits of wild medicinal plants of Polish origin, as potential sources of these compounds. The research material was chosen considering both the popularity of the fruits and their recognized medicinal and pharmaceutical properties. All selected fruits—barberry (Berberis vulgaris), blackthorn (Prunus spinosa), chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa), elderberry (Sambucus nigra), hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea), rowanberry (Sorbus aucuparia), and sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides syn. Elaeagnus rhamnoides)—are known for therapeutic use in Polish folk medicine. Extracts were analyzed for ellagic acid and quercetin content using UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Quantitative results revealed that barberries, blackthorn, and sea-buckthorn contained the highest amounts of ellagic acid, up to 3.29 ± 0.24, 3.50 ± 0.16, and 4.80 ± 0.18 μg/g dw, respectively, while lingonberry provided up to 196.20 ± 3.10 μg/g dw of quercetin, making it a valuable dietary source of this flavonoid. The study confirms that Polish wild medicinal plants are valuable reservoirs of key polyphenols relevant to human health and support their potential inclusion in dietary strategies for disease prevention.
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Sina COSMULESCU and Florentina GAVRILA CALUSARU. "Influence of temperature on blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.) phenophases in spring season." Journal of Agricultural Meteorology 76, no. 1 (2020): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2480/agrmet.d-19-00030.
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Miranda, Carlos, Luis G. Santesteban, and José B. Royo. "Variability in the Relationship between Frost Temperature and Injury Level for Some Cultivated Prunus Species." HortScience 40, no. 2 (2005): 357–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.2.357.
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The influence of the species in spring frost sensibility was determined for the Prunus species peach (P. persica (L.) Batsch), sweet cherry (P. avium L.), almond (P. dulcis (Mill.) Webb/P. amygdalus Batsch), japanese plum (P. salicina Lindl.), and blackthorn (P. spinosa L.). The confidence intervals for lethal temperatures of 10% (LT10) and 90% (LT90) bud injury were also determined. In 2000 and 2001, seven frost treatments were made for each one of the phenological stages comprised between B (first swell) and I (jacket split) in two cultivars per each species. The relationships between frost temperature and the proportion of frost damaged buds for each cultivar, year, and phenological stage were adjusted to linear regression models. The 95% confidence intervals were also calculated. The spring frost hardiness order of the species, from the least to most hardy, was as follows: sweet cherry, almond, peach, japanese plum, and blackthorn. Despite the highly homogeneous nature of the frost and bud characteristics, the temperature range for a given injury degree was quite broad, since the confidence interval's breadth for LT10 was as high as about 3 °C and as high as about 6 °C for LT90. Consequently, when critical temperatures are used in making decisions as to when to begin active frost protection, a prudent measure would be to take the temperature references from the upper limits in the confidence intervals.
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Moldovan, Bianca, Anamaria Ardelean, and Luminiţa David. ""Degradation kinetics of anthocyanins during heat treatment of wild blackthorn (Prunus spinosa l.) fruits extract "." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Chemia 64, no. 2 T2 (2019): 401–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbchem.2019.2.34.
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Marakogˇlu, Tamer, Derya Arslan, Musa Özcan, and Haydar Hacıseferogˇulları. "Proximate composition and technological properties of fresh blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L. subsp dasyphylla (Schur.)) fruits." Journal of Food Engineering 68, no. 2 (2005): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2004.05.024.
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Drăghici-Popa, Ana-Maria, Oana Cristina Pârvulescu, Raluca Stan, and Ana-Maria Brezoiu. "Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Romanian Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.) Fruits." Antioxidants 14, no. 6 (2025): 680. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14060680.
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Selecting factors that significantly affect the extraction process and optimizing them are essential to obtain high extraction efficiency. This study aimed at optimizing the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of polyphenols from Romanian blackthorn fruits using aqueous solutions of ethanol as green extraction solvents. Six process factors, including solvent/plant material ratio (RLS = 4.95–15.1 cm3/g), ethanol concentration in the extraction solvent (cet = 16.4–83.6%), extraction temperature (t = 30–70 °C), pH of the solvent (pH = 2–7), amplitude of the ultrasonic probe (A = 30–70%), and extraction time (τ = 5–15 min), were screened and optimized based on a Plackett–Burman design (PBD) and a central composite design (CCD). Statistical analysis indicated that RLS, cet, and t significantly affected the process response variables in terms of total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanins content (TAC), and antioxidant capacity (AC). Under optimal conditions (RLS,opt = 15.1 cm3/g, cet,opt = 33.2%, topt = 66.8 °C, pHopt = 7, Aopt = 50%, and τopt = 10 min), the following levels of response variables were experimentally determined: TPCopt = 14.45 ± 0.718 mg GAE/g DM, TACopt = 0.405 ± 0.057 mg C3GE/g DM, and ACopt = 16.75 ± 1.144 mg TE/g DM. Six phenolic compounds were identified in the extract obtained at optimal levels of process factors, i.e., rutin (7.12 ± 0.06 mg/100 g DM), protocatechuic acid (6.83 ± 0.01 mg/100 g DM), neochlorogenic acid (4.88 ± 0.01 mg/100 g DM), vanillic acid (3.70 ± 0.01 mg/100 g DM), chlorogenic acid (1.93 ± 0.02 mg/100 g DM), and caffeic acid (1.51 ± 0.01 mg/100 g DM).
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Kavaz Yuksel, Arzu. "The Effects of Blackthorn (P runus Spinosa L.) Addition on Certain Quality Characteristics of Ice Cream." Journal of Food Quality 38, no. 6 (2015): 413–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfq.12170.
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Kotsou, Konstantina, Magdalena Stoikou, Vassilis Athanasiadis, et al. "Enhancing Antioxidant Properties of Prunus spinosa Fruit Extracts via Extraction Optimization." Horticulturae 9, no. 8 (2023): 942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9080942.
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Prunus spinosa fruit, commonly known as blackthorn or sloe, possesses a wide range of health-promoting properties, including antioxidant and antibacterial activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of various extraction parameters, such as temperature, time, and solvent composition, on the extraction of bioactive compounds from P. spinosa fruit. Response surface methodology was employed to optimize these parameters and evaluate their impact on the antioxidant properties of the extracts. Furthermore, techniques such as ultrasound (US) and pulsed electric field (PEF) were applied, both individually and in combination, to explore their potential effects on the extraction process. The optimal extraction technique proved to be the combination of PEF and US, followed by stirring. The most suitable solvent was 75% ethanol, whereas the optimum extraction time and temperature were 30 min and 80 °C, respectively. Our findings revealed that under the optimum extraction parameters, a significant improvement in the extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds from P. spinosa fruit was achieved. More specifically, the optimal conditions, according to partial least squares (PLS) analysis, were a combination of all three extraction modes (PEF‒US‒ST), the shorter extraction time of the present study (30 min), and the corresponding higher temperature (80 °C). As expected, the presence of ethanol was considered necessary, even in an amount of 25%. The total polyphenol content was found to be 30.74 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g, the total flavonoids content 3.23 mg rutin equivalents (RtE)/g and the total anthocyanins 125.2 μg cyanidin-3-O-glucoside equivalents (CyE)/g. HPLC-DAD analysis showed that neochlorogenic acid was the polyphenol with the highest concentration (4.13 mg GAE/g) in P. spinosa fruit. The antioxidant activity of the optimized, according to PLS analysis, extract was evaluated and found to be 146.09 μmol ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE)/g determined by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, and by the radical scavenging activity (DPPH) assay was 18.56 μmol AAE/g. Additionally, the ascorbic acid was determined to be 119.4 mg/100 g. Overall, this study contributes valuable insights into the extraction optimization process and the potential applications of P. spinosa fruit in the development of functional foods and pharmaceutical products.
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Džudžević-Čančar, Hurija, Alema Dedić-Mahmutović, Amra Alispahić, and Ivan Špánik. "Validation of an Isocratic HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Major Phytosterols in Prunus spinosa L. Extracts." Acta Chimica Slovenica 71, no. 2 (2024): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17344/acsi.2023.8196.
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This study aimed to develop a rapid method for the separation of stigmasterol, campesterol and β-sitosterol in Prunus spinosa L. (blackthorn) fruit extracts by HPLC system. Samples were prepared by Soxhlet extraction method and separated on a C18 column using acetonitrile-methanol mobile phase and photodiode array detector (PDA). The optimized method resulted in a linear calibration curve ranging from 1.70–130 μg mL–1 for all three phytosterols. Analyses of external phytosterol standards showed good linearity (R2 of 0.998 to 0.999); LOD and LOQ were determined to be 0.32–9.30 μg mL–1 and 0.98–28.1 μg mL–1, respectively. Repeatability and reproducibility precision analyses showed acceptable values of %RSD. β-sitosterol was the predominant phytosterol (51.53–81.03% of total) among all samples. Method validation parameters indicated that this analytical method can be applied for accurate and precise determination of campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol, in selected extracts.
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Piras, Alessandra, Silvia Porcedda, Antonella Smeriglio, et al. "Chemical Composition and Bioactivity of Extracts Obtained from Prunus spinosa Seeds by Supercritical CO2 Extraction." Molecules 30, no. 8 (2025): 1757. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30081757.
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This study investigates the potential reuse of Prunus spinosa (blackthorn) seeds, a food industry by-product. Traditionally discarded, these seeds are now being explored for their bioactive compounds. In this work, seeds were used as raw material for supercritical CO2 extraction. Two distinct extracts were obtained at low and high pressure (SFE90 and SFE200) and both extracts presented an aqueous phase (WE90 and WE200). SFE90 analysis by GC/MS allowed us to identify benzaldehyde and fatty acids (mainly oleic and linoleic acids). The fatty acid profile of SFE200, determined by HPLC-DAD/ELSD, showed that oleic and linoleic acids were predominant in supercritical oil. The phytochemical composition of the water extracts, analyzed via LC-DAD-ESI-MS, revealed that higher pressure enhanced the recovery of specific flavonols and anthocyanins, while lower pressure preserved various polyphenolic subclasses. WE90 was rich in 3-feruloylquinic acid and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, whereas WE200 was rich in caffeic acid hexoside 2 and dihydro-o-coumaric acid glucoside. Benzaldehyde was individuated in WE90 and WE200 by HPLC-DAD analysis. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that WE90, WE200 and SFE200 had anticancer effects on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, while all extracts did not remarkably affect the viability and morphology of human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). These results suggest that P. spinosa seed extracts have potential nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.
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Kiss, A., S. Rapi, M. Korozs, and P. Forgo. "Elaboration of novel extraction procedure to reveal bioactive component profile of anthocyanin-rich plants ." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 32, No. 4 (2014): 384–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/152/2013-cjfs.
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The content of anthocyanin derivatives, antioxidant activity, and phenolic content were determined in black elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.), sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.), blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.), black currant (Ribes nigrum L.), and blackthorn (Prunus Spinosa L.). The extraction efficiency was examined of several solvents including hot water, 2% phosphoric acid, ethanol and acetone. A new sequential (cascade) extraction procedure was developed in order to improve the efficiency of the conventional methods. This novel extraction protocol consists of 3 different steps with the prevalence of low pH extraction conditions. When comparing the effectiveness of the conventional and presently improved procedures, it was stated that significantly increased anthocyanin yields had been observed. The highest anthocyanin content, determined with HPLC method, was found in the case of sweet cherry (222.7 mg/kg) on using the three step extraction procedure. The highest antioxidant activity determined with DPPH method was also assigned to the sweet cherry sample (5272 mg/kg). The highest phenolic content was found in blackberry (434 mg/kg).
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OLESIŃSKA, KATARZYNA, KAMIL WILCZYŃSKI, and KLAUDIA KAŁWA. "The effect method of preservation on selected bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity in blackthorn fruits (Prunus spinosa L.)." Agronomy Science 73, no. 3 (2018): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/asx.2018.3.5.
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The effect of freezing (M), freeze drying (L) and convection drying (S) of blackthorn fruits on the content of selected bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties compared to the control sample – fresh fruit (PK), was tested. Changes in the content of flavonoids, anthocyanins, pectins, general acidity and the ability to reduce the DPPPH radical, were determined. The obtained results showed that the freeze-dried fruits had the highest content of anthocyanins and flavonoids, respectively 0.07 and 0.17%. Pectin contents in freeze-dried and convectively dried fruits were similar at the level of 1.66 and 1.64% as well as for acidity respectively 0.076 and 0.071 g·100 g–1 infusion. Frozen fruits did not differ significantly compared to the control in terms of the content of anthocyanins, flavonoids, pectin and acidity. The highest scavenging capacity of free radical DPPH was characterized by the infusion obtained from fresh fruits.
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Mandic, Snjezana, Danica Savanovic, Ana Velemir, Vesna Kalaba, Jovo Savanovic, and Vanja Jokanovic. "Effect of Incorporating Blackthorn Fruit (Prunus spinosa L.) Extract in Natural Casing on Quality of Kranjska Sausage." Meat Technology 59, no. 2 (2018): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18485/meattech.2018.59.2.2.
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Pinacho, Raquel, Rita Yolanda Cavero, Icíar Astiasarán, Diana Ansorena, and María Isabel Calvo. "Phenolic compounds of blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.) and influence of in vitro digestion on their antioxidant capacity." Journal of Functional Foods 19 (December 2015): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2015.09.015.
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Salek, Harmacek, Jerabkova, Topacoglu, and Machar. "Thorny Shrubs Limit the Browsing Pressure of Large Herbivores on Tree Regeneration in Temperate Lowland Forested Landscapes." Sustainability 11, no. 13 (2019): 3578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133578.
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Thorny shrubs are considered as an important driver in the natural development of temperate forest structures, particularly in European lowland forests. We assessed the current role of thorny shrubs in the regeneration of deciduous tree species under heavy browsing pressure in a central European temperate forested landscape. The study’s military training area offered a unique opportunity to investigate the processes in which deciduous tree seedlings grew under thorny shrubs and in the close vicinity of thorny shrubs in a landscape with a high density of large herbivores (red deer and sika deer). We assessed the number of seedlings, species composition, seedling height, and degree of browsing damage, and their relationship to study plots elevation, thorny shrub species, coverage, and height. The regenerated tree seedlings were mostly detected as common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and wild cherry (Cerasus avium). The species of thorny shrubs were blackthorn (Prunus spinosa), hawthorn (Crataegus sp.), and wild rose (Rosa sp.). We found that the thorny shrubs protected the tree seedlings from browsers to a large extent. However, the effects of thorny shrubs on the tree seedlings' characteristics varied among the shrub species. While results revealed significant effects of hawthorn and wild rose on the tree seedlings' abundance and survival, blackthorn’s negative effect of shading the tree seedlings outweighed its protective role. These results indicated a possible mechanism that enabled the regeneration of deciduous tree species under large herbivore pressure. These results can be applied in the landscape planning and forest management of deciduous tree regeneration and forest restoration in temperate forested lowland landscapes, where high densities of large herbivores (without the presence of large predators) usually occur.
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Eremin, G. V. "The role of Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. in the origin, evolution and improvement of stone fruit cultivars." Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding 181, no. 4 (2021): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2020-4-136-143.
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At Krymsk Experiment Breeding Station of VIR, as a result of collecting, studying, and selective use of myrobalan plum genetic diversity, the intraspecific taxonomy of the species Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. was clarified. Donors of traits significant for breeding were identified and, with their use, adaptable cultivars of myrobalan plum, Russian plum and clonal rootstocks of stone fruit plants were developed.Intraspecific classification of P. cerasifera is proposed, with the identified subspecies:subsp. cerasifera (typical myrobalan plum);subsp. orientalis (M. Pop.) Erem. et Garcov. (Oriental myrobalan plum);and subsp. macrocarpa Erem. et Garcov. (large-fruited myrobalan plum).Within subsp. P. cerasifera subsp. macrocarpa, varieties were identified:var. macrocarpa (typical, or Krymsk);var. georgica Erem. et Garcov. (Georgian);var. iranica (Koval.) Erem. et Garcov. (Iranian);var. nairica (Koval.) Erem. et Garcov. (Armenian);var. pissardii Carr. (Pissard);and var. taurica (Kost.) Erem. et Garcov. (Taurida).The participation of myrobalan plum in the origin of spp. P. brigantiaca Vill., P. cocomilia Tem., and P. spinosa L. was traced. Involvement of large-fruited myrobalan plum in hybridization with blackthorn contributed to the manifestation of an exceptional polymorphism among the varieties of the hybridogenic species P. domestica L. (P. cerasifera × P. spinosa). As a result of hybridization between myrobalan plum and Chinese plum varieties, a new cultigen species emerged – Russian plum (× P. rossica Erem.). By now, 127 cultivars of this species and 7 clonal rootstocks for stone fruit crops have been developed. These cultivars and clonal rootstocks are zoned for Russia and a number of other countries.
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Marchelak, Anna, Joanna Kolodziejczyk-Czepas, Paulina Wasielewska, Pawel Nowak, and Monika A. Olszewska. "The Effects of Prunus spinosa L. Flower Extracts, Model Polyphenols and Phenolic Metabolites on Oxidative/Nitrative Modifications of Human Plasma Components with Particular Emphasis on Fibrinogen In Vitro." Antioxidants 10, no. 4 (2021): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10040581.
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Oxidative post-translational modifications of fibrinogen (a multifunctional blood plasma protein essential for hemostasis) are associated with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders (CVDs). Prunus spinosa flower is a herbal medicine used in an adjuvant treatment of CVDs and rich in polyphenolic antioxidants. In the present study, phytochemically standardized P. spinosa flower extracts, their primary native polyphenols and potential phenolic metabolites were evaluated in vitro for their protective effects on fibrinogen (isolated and in the human plasma matrix) using a panel of complementary methods (SDS-PAGE, western blot, C-ELISA, fluorometry, FRAP, TBARS). The results revealed that the tested analytes at in vivo relevant levels (1–5 µg/mL) considerably reduced the structural changes in the fibrinogen molecule under the oxidative stress conditions induced by peroxynitrite. In particular, they diminished the oxidation and/or nitration of amino acid residues, including tyrosine and tryptophan, as well as the formation of high molecular weight aggregates. The decrease in the levels of 3-nitrotyrosine was about 13.5–33.0% and 58.3–97.1% at 1 µg/mL and 50 µg/mL, respectively. The study indicated that low molecular weight polyphenols were crucial for the protective activity of the extracts toward fibrinogen and other human plasma components. The investigated model compounds effectively protected total plasma proteins and lipids against oxidative damage (by reducing the levels of 3-nitrotyrosine and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and normalizing/enhancing the non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity of plasma). The work provides insight into the role of native and metabolized polyphenols as contributory factors to the systemic activity of blackthorn flower extracts within the circulatory system.
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Gunes, Recep. "A Study on Quality Properties of Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.) Fruit Powder Obtained by Different Drying Treatments." BIO Web of Conferences 85 (2024): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248501011.
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In this study, the quality characteristics of blackthorn fruit (Prunus spinosa L.) powders obtained by convective hot air-drying (HAD) and freeze-drying (FD) treatments were investigated. The drying time was carried out equally (24 h) for both treatments. According to the results, the moisture (%) and water activity of powder samples obtained by HAD and FD treatments were found as 7.51% and 0.2471, 9.13% and 0.2718, respectively. Considering the pH and total ash parameters, there was no statistically significant difference between the powder samples (p>0.05). However, both drying processes were effective on the color and changed the L*, a*, and b* values of the powders compared to fresh fruit values. The biological and antioxidant results of the powder obtained by FD treatment were higher than the HAD treatment (p<0.05). From this point of view, it was determined that the FD process had a minimal effect on the chemical content of fresh fruit, while the HAD technique applied at 40 °C combined with a fan system did not have an excessive negative effect on these values.
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OLESIŃSKA, KATARZYNA, KAMIL WILCZYŃSKI, and KLAUDIA KAŁWA. "The effect method of preservation on selected bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity in blackthorn fruits (Prunus spinosa L.)." Agronomy Science 73, no. 3 (2018): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/as.2018.3.5.
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Drăghici-Popa, Ana-Maria, Aurelian Cristian Boscornea, Ana-Maria Brezoiu, Ștefan Theodor Tomas, Oana Cristina Pârvulescu, and Raluca Stan. "Effects of Extraction Process Factors on the Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.) Fruit Extracts." Antioxidants 12, no. 10 (2023): 1897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12101897.
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This study aimed at establishing the optimal conditions for the classic extraction of phenolic compounds from Prunus spinosa L. fruits. The effects of different parameters, i.e., ethanol concentration in the extraction solvent (mixture of ethanol and water), operation temperature, and extraction time, on process responses were evaluated. Total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), antioxidant capacity (AC), and contents of protocatechuic acid (PA), caffeic acid (CA), vanillic acid (VA), rutin hydrate (RH), and quercetin (Q) of fruit extracts were selected as process responses. A synergistic effect of obtaining high values of TPC, TAC, AC, PA, and VA was achieved for the extraction in 50% ethanol at 60 °C for 30 min. At a higher level of process temperature, the extraction of protocatechuic acid and vanillic acid was enhanced, but the flavonoids, i.e., rutin hydrate and quercetin, were degraded. A lower temperature should be used to obtain a higher amount of flavonoids. TPC, TAC, AC, and phenolic acid contents (PA, CA, and VA) in the extract samples obtained at an ethanol concentration of 50–100%, a temperature of 30–60 °C, and an extraction time of 30 min were strongly directly correlated.
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Essert, Sara, and Petar Sekulić. "Archaeobotanical analysis of a medieval “pantry” in the courtyard of Banski dvori Palace (Zagreb, Croatia)." Prilozi Instituta za arheologiju u Zagrebu 40, no. 2 (2023): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33254/piaz.40.2.4.
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In 2021, the Croatian Conservation Institute conducted multidisciplinary conservation-restauration and archaeological research in the northern courtyard of Banski dvori Palace to determine the layers of historical development. The results confirmed the continuity of settlement of the Zagreb upper town plateau from prehistoric times to the present day, and served as a basis for the development of project-technical documentation required for the complete restoration of the Government of the Republic of Croatia building damaged by the 2020 earthquake. During the excavations, remains of a subterranean timber-framed structure were documented. Based on the archaeological finds and context it can be interpreted as the underground storage room of a medieval urban house dated to the period of 13th and 14th century. A total of 1464 plant macrofossils were isolated by archaeobotanical analysis, of which six were carbonized and some of remains were just partially mineralized. The majority of the finds (95%) represent woody edible species with the highest number of finds being grapevine (Vitis vinifera), sweet/sour cherry (Prunus avium/cerasus), and blackthorn (Prunus spinosa). Some woody species such as grapevine and peach (Prunus persica) were certainly cultivated, while others like Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas) and blackthorn are evidence that the population collected fruits from nature. Edible herbaceous species accounted for 2.12% of the finds, included cucumber (Cucumis sativus), spice fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), cereals millet (Panicum miliaceum) and common wheat (Triticum aestivum/durum). More than 40% of the remains were found in five vessels, while the rest were from the surrounding sediment. All vessels contained grapevine and wild apples/pears, and fruits such as sweet/sour cherry, blackberry and plum were also found, leading to the assumption that the vessels contained the commonly used medieval beverage made from unripe fruit, known as verjuice.