Journal articles on the topic 'Spiridonova'

The name Mursia minuta Spiridonov & Apel, 2007, was given to a living species from the Indian Ocean (Spiridonov & Apel 2007: 2870, figs. 2G, H, 4E, F, 8C, 10A–D, 11A, B, 12A, B). This name is preoccupied by the senior primary homonym Mursia minuta Karasawa, 1993, for a Pliocene fossil species from Japan (Karasawa 1993: 45, pl. 8, figs. 8, 10, 13, 14). In accordance with Article 60 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999: 62, 63) a new replacement name, Mursia spiridonovi is here proposed for Mursia minuta Spiridonov & Apel, 2007. It is named for V. A. Spiridonov (Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow), in honor of his pioneering work on the extant decapods.

The increase of requirements concerning the accuracy of numerical analysis of technological processes with nonlinear contact such as drawing, cutting, embossing, burnishing rolling, thread rolling and machine cutting involves the extension of accuracy in determining workability parameters: initial yield stress σY0, plastic hardening modulus ET and true failure strain φf. Currently, those parameters are often determined in uniaxial tensile testing. Determination of the strain and stress states after the exceedance of ultimate tensile strength of the material, in the moment of stability loss (creation of the neck) constitutes the basic issue. Appearance of characteristic necking disturbs uniform, uniaxial state of stress. In the smallest intersection of the specimen there additionally appear radial stress and circumferential stress - three-dimensional state of stress is obtained. Currently used methods: Birdgman, Davidenkov-Spiridonova or Siebel do not allow calculating the values of those stress precisely enough. The paper concerns the new hybrid method of evaluating stress and strain states in the cylindrical specimen during of tension with the use of Finite Element Method (FEM).

Charybdis (Goniohellenus) omanensis septentrionalis Türkay & Spiridonov, 2006 was collected from off the Kerala coast, Arabian Sea, India. This is the first record of the subspecies from India and the taxonomic characters are similar to the findings of Türkay & Spiridonov (2006) who described the subspecies for the first time. The present work also records molecular sequences from the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI), used to determine the genetic identity of the species.

We determine a parasupersymmetric annihilation operator for the (l-dimensional) harmonic oscillator and construct its eigenstates leading to a basis of parasupersymmetric coherent states with expected degeneracies according to the work of Rubakov and Spiridonov.

Rubakov and Spiridonov have recently sketched the outlines of parasupersymmetric quantum mechanics. In particular, they showed how the bilinear part of the parasupersymmetry algebra is realized for general order of paraquantization. The remaining multilinear part is addressed in this letter.

We give the realizations of the extended Weyl–Heisenberg (WH) algebra and the Rubakov–Spiridonov (RS) superalgebra in terms of anyons, characterized by the statistical parameter ν ∈ [0,1], on two-dimensional lattice. The construction uses anyons defined from usual fermionic oscillators (Lerda–Sciuto construction). The anyonic realization of the superalgebra sl(1/1) is also presented.

U radu se proučava esejistika Jele Spiridonović Savić (1890–1974): tekstovi koje je sabrala u zbirku Susreti (1944), kao i oni koje je redovno objavljivala u književnim časopisima tokom tridesetih godina prošlog veka. Nekada slavljena, a potom zaboravljena srpska književnica pisala je poeziju (zbirke S uskih staza (1919), Večite čežnje (1926) i Jesenje melodije (1939) i religiozni ep Pergamenti (1923)), prozu (Pripovetke (1939)) i eseje (Susreti 1944)). Školujući se u svetskim centrima kulture (Njujorku, Minhenu, Trstu i Monaku), imala je prilike da ideje pravoslavlja (kao dela svojeg tradicionalnog nasleđa) ukrsti sa idejama zapadnog hrišćanstva, pogotovo u oblasti mističke duhovnosti. Religiozni misticizam je bio duboko inkorporiran u duhovnu srž njenih poetskih, proznih i esejističkih tekstova. Istraživanje mozaika hrišćanske spiritualnosti predstavljalo je za književnicu uvod u novi način razmišljanja o metafizičkim aspektima sveta, ali i o praktičnom delovanju žene, prema religioznim principima. Naše proučavanje eseja bazirano je na naučnim postulatima feminističke teorije o književnosti, koje postavlja pitanja ponovnog otkrivanja marginalizovanih spisateljica i novih interpretacija njihovih dela, i sa stanovišta feminističke teologije. Cilj rada jeste pokušaj revalorizacije datih eseja i ukazivanje na potrebu ponovnog određivanja spisateljičinog mesta u kanonu srpske književnosti.

Interaction of bibliographic activity and structure, material and personnel resources of the leading institution in the history of the Russian philology of 1920th is shown. The unknown facts of S. Baluhatiy’s activity, some information on works by bibliographers and philologists V. Zhirmunskiy, L. Ilinskiy, V. Spiridonov, A. Fomin and others is given in the article.

In this paper we generalize the Rubakov-Spiridonov parasupersymmetry algebra to the order three case. We also generalize the notion of the Witten index, and we provide a class of models satisfying our parasupersymmetry algebra. Finally, we show that there is a correspondence between the Hamiltonian and the index in our class of models.

Life Cycle of the Trematode Notocotylus intestinalis (Digenea, Notocotylidae) under Natural Conditions in Primorye Region (Russia) The redia, cercaria, adolescaria and adult trematodes Notocotylus intestinalis Tubangui, 1932 are described. It was established that under natural conditions of Primorye Region, the first intermediate hosts of this trematode are snails Parafossarulus manchouricus and P. spiridonovi. Adult worms were grown in the chicken.

Topic of metempsychosis in the poetry of Jela Spiridonovic-Savic (1890-1974) remained under-researched so far, although it seems to be crucial for better understanding of her entire work. For example, short story ?Miss Georgina? , usually seen as a study of madness, can be understood as a fantastic one, if the reader accepts the metempsychosis of the main character. In a long poem ?The Pergaments? reincarnation is preached by a monk of Mount Athos. The poetess, however, does not oppose metempsychosis to Christianity, but merges them in her idiosyncratic version of Christian mysticism. Jela Spiridonovic-Savic was in contact with a group of female intellectuals interested in occultism, and inclined toward belief in reincarnation, but what matters more is that she uses metempsychosis s a poetic tool to create the transcendental atmosphere in her poetry.

In this work, I want to talk about the little-known paintings of the Honored Artist of Russia Yuri Spiridonov, which were greatly influenced by his childhood and adolescence as an artist. These canvases were painted during the period of searches, in the manner of modern Art Nouveau and abstract art. He was born in Kosisty among the Dolgans, a family of reindeer breeders, which is obscure in the great outdoors of Siberia (Kozhevnikov Bay) and located on the shores of the Arctic Ocean in the territory of Anabarsky's district of the Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Once he finished with school, he was admitted to the Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia in Leningrad. Today, he lives in Yakutsk and is at the height of his creative urge. In his creative search, Yuri Spiridonov often turns to folklore and folk philosophy using a synthesis of the traditions of realism and abstraction in his works. These works show the commonality of worldview philosophy, poetics of folklore, not only of Siberian, but also of many Eurasian peoples. Using the "patchwork quilt" method in the abstract images of the "World Tree", understandable to the masses throughout almost all of Eurasia, he recreated the motives of ancient Siberia, whose inhabitants moved across the Bering Strait to North America.

Se ofrecen datos adicionales y detallados sobre la cutícula, estructura y extensión de las microtricas, extremo cefálico, disposición de las papilas copulatorias precloacales y espículas de los ejemplares machos de Ichthyocephalus victori García et Fontenla, 2002 (Nematoda: Ichthyocephalidae), mediante imágenes de Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido (MEB). Dichos datos se comparan con I. cubensis Spiridonov, 1989 e I. anadenoboli Van Waerebeke, Adamson et Kermarrec, 1984, únicas especies del género donde hay estudios previos con MEB.

The article examines the artistic and aesthetic parallels in the Mari epic “Yugorno” and the Udmurt “Tangyra” - the heroic legends of the peoples of the Finno-Ugric world. The idea is that the poetic commonality between them is a consequence of folklore and cultural typology and historical connection. The similarity of motives and plots is manifested in the pantheon, in views on the world order, in the nature of the relationship between gods and people, in the types of characters. By their poetic nature “Tangyra” and “Yugorno” occupy a place among the classical European epics, with which they are brought together by themes, socio-cultural status of heroes (cultural and social demiurges), views on the ancestors, descriptions of clashes between princes as representatives of the highest level and relations with neighboring peoples, philosophical views of the Udmurts and Mari on the past, present and future. It is about the main differences between the epics “Yugorno” and “Tangyra”, which lie in the peculiarities of plots and composition, poetics and aesthetics of works, their ethnic philosophy and social utopia.

Se discute el estado taxonómico de Ichthyocephalus anafe García et Coy, 1996 e I. guaniguanico Coy et García, 1999 (Nematoda: Ichthyocephalidae). La revisión de material tipo de I. anafe, así como de nuevos ejemplares provenientes de la localidad y hospedero tipos de I. guaniguanico demostró que ambas especies presentan similitudes morfométricas y morfológicas con I. cubensis Spiridonov, 1989. De esta forma, I. anafe e I. guaniguanico se consideran sinónimos de I. cubensis. Se registra la especie para dos nuevas localidades de Cuba: Tres Ceibas de Clavellinas, provincia de Matanzas y Jobo Rosado, provincia de Sancti Spíritus.

Four species (Rhyparida spiridonovi sp. nov. from Penang Island and Singapore, Tricliona trimaculata sp. nov. from Penang Island and Malay Peninsula, T. suratthanica sp. nov. and T. trangica sp. nov. from Thailand) are described. A key to the species of the genus Tricliona from Indochina and Malay Peninsula is given. Rhyparida faitsilongi nom. nov. is the new replacement name for Rhyparida megalops (Chen, 1935), comb. n., transferred from the genus Tricliona; Tricliona tonkinensis (Lefèvre, 1893), comb. nov. and Tricliona episternalis (Weise, 1922), comb. nov. transferred from the genera Phytorus and Rhyparida, accordingly. Lectotypes of Rhyparida episternalis Weise, 1922 and Phytorus tonkinensis Lefèvre, 1893 are designated.

A thorough analysis of the general features of (p=2)-parasupersymmetric quantum mechanics is presented. It is shown that for both the Rubakov–Spiridonov (RS) formulation and the Beckers–Debergh (BD) formulation of (p=2)-parasupersymmetric quantum mechanics, the degeneracy structure of the energy spectrum can be derived using the defining parasuperalgebras. Thus the results of this article are independent of the details of the Hamiltonian. In fact, they are valid for arbitrary systems based on arbitrary-dimensional coordinate manifolds. In particular, the RS and BD systems possess identical degeneracy structures. For a subclass of RS (alternatively, BD) systems, a new topological invariant is introduced. This is a counterpart of the Witten index of supersymmetric quantum mechanics.

Using the partition of the number p-1 into p-1 real parts which are not equal with each other necessarily, we develop the unitary parasupersymmetry algebra of arbitrary order p so that the well-known Rubakov–Spiridonov–Khare parasupersymmetry becomes a special case of the developed one. It is shown that the developed algebra is realized by simple harmonic oscillator and Landau problem on a flat surface with the symmetries of h3 and h4 Heisenberg–Lie algebras. For this new parasupersymmetry, the well-known unitary condition is violated, however, unitarity of the corresponding algebra is structurally conserved. Moreover, the components of the bosonic Hamiltonian operator are derived as functions from the mean value of the partition numbers with their label weight function.

We find a new type of nonlinear supersymmetries, called [Formula: see text]-fold parasupersymmetry, which is a generalization of both [Formula: see text]-fold supersymmetry and parasupersymmetry. We provide a general formulation of this new symmetry and then construct a second-order [Formula: see text]-fold parasupersymmetric quantum system where all the components of [Formula: see text]-fold parasupercharges are given by type A [Formula: see text]-fold supercharges. We show that this system exactly reduces to the Rubakov–Spiridonov model when [Formula: see text] and admits a generalized type C [Formula: see text]-fold superalgebra. We conjecture the existence of other "[Formula: see text]-fold generalizations" such as [Formula: see text]-fold fractional supersymmetry, [Formula: see text]-fold orthosupersymmetry, and so on.

Ichthyocephaloides sumbatus n. sp., from the gut of Salpidobolus sp. (Spirobolida: Rhinocricidae), collected in the forest covering the mountainous region of Sumba Island, Indonesia, is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically related to Australasian species of Ichthyocephaloides by the presence of a long, subulate tail in both sexes, distribution and number of genital papillae, presence of genital diverticulum and anterior position of vulva. Ichthyocephaloides sumbatus n. sp. is distinguished from all other nominal species by the highest mean right/left spicule length ratio and the exceptional form of the anterior vulval lip. The original description of Xystrognathus phrissus is supplemented with a description of the juvenile morphology and illustrated with line graphics and SEM images of adult stages. Molecular sequences and phylogenetic trees are provided.

AbstractFive new species of Rhigonema are described and illustrated from the gut of diplopods collected from the Philippines and Vietnam. R. flabellifer sp. n., R. golovatchi sp. n., R. rigonanae sp. n., R. spiridonovi sp. n. and R. voratum sp. n. are differentiated from one another and the remaining species in the genus by a combination of characters including form of the cephalic extremity, development and extent of the pilose region, female genital tract type, male and female tail shape, spicule form and number and disposition of the copulatory papillae. Two species, both from polydesmid diplopods, bear an unusual pedunculate, flap-like projection on each sector of the triangular oral aperture and have only thirteen copulatory papillae. Such projections have only previously been described from R. lanceacauda, a species from the West Indies that also shares a reduced and similarly arranged complement of thirteen male papillae. The morphology, bionomics and distribution of Rhigonema are discussed and evidence presented for the first time that nematophagy is practised by at least one species in the genus. Rhigonema leonilae (Sanchez-Velazquez, 1979) comb. n. is proposed for Ruizia leonilae Sanchez-Velazquez, 1979. Cinq nouvelles especes de Rhigonema Cobb, 1898 (Rhigonematida: Rhigonematidae) des Philippines et du Vietnam et observations sur la morphologie des formes indo-malaises et la nematophagie chez R. voratum sp. n. - Cinq nouvelles especes de Rhigonema provenant des intestins de diplopodes collectes aux Philippines et au Vietnam sont decrites et illustrees. R. flabellifer sp. n., R. golovatchi sp. n., R. rigonanae sp. n., R. spiridonovi sp. n. et R. voratum sp. n. sont differencies les uns des autres et des autres especes du genre par une combinaison de caracteres incluant la forme de l'extremite cephalique, le developpement et l'etendue de la pilosite, le type de tractus genital femelle, la forme de la queue du male et de la femelle, la forme des spicules et le nombre et la repartition des papilles copulatrices. Deux especes, provenant toutes deux de Diplopodes Polydesmides, portent une projection inhabituelle, pedonculee, en forme de languette, sur chacun des secteurs de l'ouverture buccale triangulaire et comptent seulement treize papilles copulatrices. De telles projections n'ont ete precedemment decrites que chez R.lanceacauda, une espece originaire des Antilles, qui exhibe egalement un cortege reduit de treize papilles chez le male avec la meme repartition. La morphologie, le comportement et la repartition des Rhigonema sont discutes et la preuve est apportee pour la premiere fois que la nematophagie est pratiquee par au moins une espece de ce genre. Rhigonema leonilae (Sanchez-Velazquez, 1979) comb. n. est propose pour Ruizia leonilae Sanchez-Velazquez, 1979.

A new thelastomatid species, Desmicola lamdongensis sp. n. from the hindgut of Panesthiinae cockroaches collected in Bi Doup-Nui Ba National Park, Vietnam is described and illustrated. Males of the new species are characterized by seven to eight modified ventrally projected cuticular annuli on the posterior third of body and the straight spicule with a pointed distal tip; females are distinguished by the presence of tiny circular protrusions on the lip surface, three setiform sensilla as interlabial formations, horseshoe-shaped amphids and smooth oval egg-shells. D. lamdongensis sp. n. differs from the rest of Desmicola species in having males with ventrally projected cuticular annuli on the posterior body third vs. semispherical ventral cuticular protuberance. Similarly to females of other species of the genus, females of D. lamdongensis sp. n. possess a seminal receptacle only on the posterior branch of the reproductive system that allows them to produce a mixture of fertilized and non-fertilized eggs among their progeny. A key to species of Desmicola based on females is given. Posterovulva danieli Spiridonov & Ivanova, 1998 is regarded as D. danieli n. comb. in accordance with the latest revision of the genus (Adamson & Van Waerebeke 1992).

An important component of the foreign policy activity of state, public and political figures is participation in official government receptions that have informative and communicative functions. The repertoire policy of concert programs of diplomatic receptions built in such a way not only to inform about state priorities in the field of culture, but also to create a special socio-cultural environment conducive to constructive communication. The researcher analyzed the content of concert programs of government receptions, which organized during the visits to the Soviet Union by W. Churchill, Charles de Gaulle, I.B. Tito. The researcher describes a festive reception at the Reception House of the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs on Spiridonovka in Moscow on November 7, 1943, which organized in honor of the anniversary of the October Revolution, with the participation of the diplomatic corps, political and military elite, literary and art workers. Studying the Soviet diplomatic protocol during this period expands our knowledge not only in the field of the history of diplomatic relations, but also allows us to judge the peculiarities of the development of Soviet culture, its dependence on the tastes of the leaders and party ideology. The materials of the Foreign Policy Archive of the Russian Federation (Fund 057 – “Protocol Department”) used as sources.

Two new species of thelastomatid nematodes parasitic in the hindgut of cockroaches are described. Hammerschmidtiella keeneyi n. sp. is described from a laboratory colony of Diploptera punctata (Eschscholtz, 1822) from a facility in Ohio, U. S. A. This species is characterized by having females with a short tail and males smaller than those described from other species. The new species also differs from others in the genus by a number of differing measurements that indicate a distinct identity, including esophageal, tail, and egg lengths as well as the relative position of the excretory pore. Blattophila peregrinata n. sp. is described from Periplaneta australasiae (Fabricius, 1775) and Pycnoscelus surinamensis (Linnaeus, 1758) in a greenhouse from Ohio, U.S.A. and from wild P. surinamensis in southern Florida, U.S.A. This species differs from others in the genus by having a posteriorly directed vagina, vulva in the anterior third of the body, no lateral alae in females, and eggs with an operculum. In P. surinamensis from southern Florida, an additional species, Severianoia annamensis Van Luc & Spiridonov, 1993 was found and did not co-parasitize the host with B. peregrinata n. sp. Blattophila peregrinata n. sp. and S. annamensis also occur in the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador, indicating that these have a widespread global range.

Abstract Two new genera of Drilonematoidea from earthworms deposited in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution's Natural History Museum are described. Acanthungella africana gen. n., sp. n. (Ungellidae) was found parasitic in the coelomic cavity of Millsonia nigra Beddard, 1894 and Araguanema venezuelae gen. n., sp. n. (Drilonematidae) was found in the coelomic cavity of Rhinodrilus sp. Acanthungella africana gen. n., sp. n. is closely related to Ungella Cobb, 1928, but distinguished from it and the rest of the ungellid genera by having a series of numerous sublateral sensilla through the length of the body. Araguanema venezuelae gen. n., sp. n. is similar to two other monotypic drilonematid genera, namely Diceloides Timm, 1967 and Mbanema Spiridonov, 1992, in having vesicular sensory organs. Araguanema gen. n. can be distinguished from Diceloides by the number and position of lateral fimbriate and vesicular sensory organs; the nerve ring located around the isthmus of the pharynx vs at the pharyngo-intestinal junction; a single ovum in the uterus vs more than 100 ova; presence vs absence of an excretory duct; long fibres protruding from the anal aperture vs the absence of such fibres; and by the absence vs presence of a spermatheca. Araguanema gen. n. differs from Mbanema in having a cylindrical vs a clavate pharynx, and by the presence of anterior and caudal fimbriate organs vs caudal only.

Оксидные соединения, как основа перспективных материалов, благодаря своим электрическим и оптическим свойствам находят применение в различных областях современной техники. Некоторые из них, обладая сочетанием сегнетоэлектрических, сцинтилляционных, электрических и оптических свойств, исследуются как перспективные материалы для электроники. При этом важную роль играет их дисперсность.Традиционно синтез оксидных соединений проводят керамической технологией. Более перспективным для синтеза мелкодисперсных порошков являются методы «мягкой» химии, среди которых нами выделен и применён золь-гель метод. В этом методе «смешение» происходит на молекулярном уровне, что способствует повышению скоростей реакций и снижению температуры синтеза. Метод предполагает использовать в качестве прекурсоров неорганическиесоли в сочетании с комплексообразующими агентами (лимонная кислота). Применение таких прекурсоров позволяет достичь высокой однородности при сравнительно низких температурах. Особенностью данного подхода является использование меньшего количества органических соединений: в качестве хелатообразующего агента используется водный раствор лимонной кислоты. Целью данной работы являлось получение тройного молибдата на примере железосодержащего молибдата циркония калиевого ряда золь-гель технологией.Нами методами цитратной золь-гель технологии и твердофазного синтеза получен железосодержащий тройной молибдат циркония калиевого ряда. Тройной молибдат, полученный двумя методами, охарактеризован рентгенофазовым анализом, методами дифференциально-сканирующей калориметрией и импедансной спектроскопии. ЛИТЕРАТУРА 1. Sorokin N. I. Ionic conductivity of KMg-Cr(MoO4)3 molybdate. Crystallography Reports.2017;62(3): 416–418. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/s106377451703021x2. Павлова Э. Т., Цыренова Г. Д., Лазоряк Б. И.,Солодовников С. Ф. Строение и свойства двойныхсеребросодержащих молибдатов составаАg2A2(MoO4)3 (а = Mg, Mn, Cu). 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Two new species of Siconema (Drilonematoidea: Ungellidae) from Pu Mat Nature Reserve, Vietnam are described andillustrated. Siconema ovicallosum sp. n. is characterised by a wide female body, female caudal organs displaced toposterior extremity followed by short tail tip; males short, slim with caudal organs near cloacal opening and long, conicalposterior portion of tail; cephalic hooks in both sexes with sturdy base and thin, diverging blade tips; tubular stomaincorporated in hooks base; eggs with very thick shells and two suberose polar caps. It is most similar to S. laticaudatumIvanova & Pham Van Luc, 1997 but is distinguished by much smaller males, their caudal organs, and the shape andornamentation of eggshells. Siconema diducuncinum sp. n. is characterised by a stoma that is confined in a tube thatprotrudes between thin hooks with widely distributed blades, caudal organs situated at long distance from the tail tip, eggsin the shape of a double-poled elongated lemon and presence of a copulatory disc in males. Siconema diducuncinum sp.n. is most closely related to S. sinense Timm, 1966 but differs from it by having rounded vs elongate pharyngeal bulb,thinner and smoother eggshells with more pronounced polar caps, twisted vs straight ovary and a copulatory disc in males.By an elongated tail spike and bristling hook blades, S. diducuncinum sp. n. shares similarities with S. neozelandicumYeates & Spiridonov, 1996 but differs in having a non-amalgamated hook base, presence of projecting stomatal tube,differently ornamented eggshells and a copulatory disk in males. A key to species of Siconema is given. Phylogenetic relationships of the new species and other drilonematids are discussed.

На протяжении всей жизни уровень работоспособности человека изменчив. На него оказывает влияние широкий спектр как внешних, так и внутренних факторов, учесть которые при различных исследованиях затруднительно. На основе предположения о случайном характере физического состояния участников соревнований, зависящего от целого ряда различных причин, и гипотезы асимметричного распределения достижений спортсменов, показанных в разном возрасте, сформирована аппроксимирующая функция плотности данного распределения. При помощи метода наименьших квадратов определены оптимальные параметры логнормального распределения, наилучшим образом описывающего работоспособность человека в зависимости от его возраста. Приведён сравнительный анализ полученной модели и известных ранее методик Литвинова и Спиридонова. Исследование показало обоснованность методики определения возрастных коэффициентов, возможность ее практического применения, а также потенциальную способность использования рассматриваемой математической модели для решения других прикладных задач. Throughout the life, a person s working capacity is variable. It is influenced by a wide range of factors, both external and internal, which are difficult to take into account in various studies. An approximation of the density function of the given distribution, based on the assumption of the random nature of the physical condition, depending on a number of different reasons, among competitors and the hypothesis of the asymmetric distribution of athletes achievements, shown at different ages, is formed. Optimum parameters of a log-normal distribution describing the working capacity of a person according to his or her age are determined by using the least squares method. This is a comparative analysis of the received model and the previously known methods, which were created by Litvinov and Spiridonov. The study has showed the validity of the method for determining age coefficients and the possibility of its practical application.

Travassosinema claudiae n. sp. is described from the hindgut of the polydesmid millipede Parafontaria laminata (Attems, 1909) (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae) from Aichi prefecture, Japan. Females of the new species resemble T. thyropygi Hunt, 1996 and T. travassosi Rao, 1958 by lacking lateral alae and the constriction of the body posterior to the level of the vulva. T. claudiae n. sp. differs from T. thyropygi by its shorter body and tail, and larger eggs. Also, the nerve ring is located in the procorpus-isthmus junction in opposition to T. thyropygi, where the nerve ring is just anterior to the basal bulb. T. claudiae n. sp. can be differentiated from T. travassosi by its shorter eggs and less extended cephalic umbraculum. Males of T. claudiae n. sp. are more similar to those of T. dalei Spiridonov & Cribb, 2012 by having a similar body length, form of the oesophagus, structures around the cloaca (mid-ventral, digitiform pre-cloacal pair of papillae, a large pair of adcloacal papillae and the anterior lip of cloaca ornamented and with a spatula-like post-cloacal projection), absence of spicule and gubernaculum, and presence of a tail filament. T. claudiae n. sp. differs by the position and type of ornamentation of the large ornamented pair of papillae, by lacking the minute pair of papillae in the tail filament and by the presence of lateral alae. Description is supplemented by SEM images. The phylogeny of the species is inferred by D2-D3 28S LSU rDNA and 18S SSU rDNA. This constitutes the first species of the genus Travassosinema Rao, 1958 described from Japan.

The article deals with the influence of planting depth of potato tubers on productivity, structure, quality of products and the marketability of potato crop in the conditions of the Chuvash Republic. The depth of seeding of tubers has a direct impact on all processes of growth and development. The more favorable the complex of conditions in the zone of placement of planted tubers, the faster they germinate and give early and amicable shoots, the more successful the further development of the potato plant and the formation of the crop. Determining the dependence of the potato tuber planting depth on the productivity, structure, quality of the products and the marketability of potato plants hinders many causes that are directly related to the growth and development of potato plants, as the productivity of potato plants is significantly increased by optimizing the priority conditions that are necessary in potato cultivation, when there is an increase in all indicators of photosynthetic activity of potato plants. The density of plants should be such that plants could form a powerful leaf surface, a root system and make the best use of solar energy and soil nutrients [11 12]. In numerous studies by our and foreign authors on the definition of optimal areas of potato nutrition, the following general provisions are present: late varieties, that develop a powerful top, are placed less often, early - thicker; the less moisture in the soil, the less should be the density of planting [6]. In this study, in order to determine potato productivity, we first of all determined crop yields, structure, product quality and marketability of tubers. Norms of planting can be determined depending on the density of the stalk. The high density of plant standings promotes acceleration of passage of development phases by plants, early tuber formation and ripening of a potato [3,4,5,7,8,9]. Thus, in the experiments, carried out by V.T. Spiridonov (1972) in the Chuvash Agricultural Institute in the variant where the planting was carried out according to the scheme of 70x30 cm, the entry of plants into the mass flowering phase was noted 2-3 days earlier than when planting according to the scheme of 70x35 cm. Reduction of the distance between tubers to 25 cm accelerated the development of plants 5 days.

Abstract The supralittoral amphipod Traskorchestia ditmari (Derzhavin, 1923) was identified as the intermediate host for Antechiniella septentrionalis Ivanova, Dokuchaev & Spiridonov, 2019, a parasite of the tundra vole Microtus oeconomus and Skrjabinocerca sp. (both Spirurida: Acuariidae) in Magadan Oblast in north-eastern Russia. Joint infection by both larval spirurids was not observed. The infective stage of A. septentrionalis was the encysted larvae, while larvae of Skrjabinocerca sp. were free in the amphipod's coelom. The identity of A. septentrionalis was confirmed using cox1 mtDNA gene analysis, performed on adult stages from a tundra vole and on larvae from amphipods. Possible transmission routes of A. septentrionalis are discussed.

AbstractA new species of Aborjinia Özdikmen, 2010 is described from the tissues of the cold-water bamboo coral Acanella arbuscula (Johnson) from the northwest Atlantic. Aborjinia corallicolasp. n. is characterized by 18.4–33.2 mm long body in adults; outer labial and cephalic sensilla papilliform and located 14–21 µm from anterior end, amphideal aperture located 22–41 µm from anterior end, excretory pore indistinct, rectum and anal opening functional, convex-conoid tail with broadly rounded terminus, spinneret subventral. It is placed in the genus Aborjinia based on the combination of the following characters: outer labial and cephalic sensilla papilliform in shape and located in one circle, contrary to Marimermis Rutsov & Platonova, 1974 (outer labial and cephalic sensilla setiform) and Ananus Rubtsov, 1977 and Thalassonema Ward, 1933 (outer labial and cephalic sensilla in separate circles, if known). From Aborjinia eulagiscae Tchesunov & Spiridonov, 1985 the new species differs in much shorter body, much shorter tail, presence of caudal glands and spinneret in adults, different host species. Our finding represents the first report of a nematode in a parasitic relationship with a cold-water octocoral. Phylogenetic relationships between Aborjinia and other nematodes are analyzed based on 18S rDNA sequences. Summary of all presently known species and genera of the family Marimermithidae is also given.

When I think, rarely, about the articulation of the set of traces that I am leaving, I have the immediate apprehension that it is not the real me that’s out there on the Web. I know the times when I have censored myself (oh problematic concept!) and when I have performed actions to complement—and frequently to confound—a trace. […] Taken globally, the set of traces that we leave in the world does without doubt add up to something. It is through operations on sets of traces that I understand an event that I take part in. (Bowker 23) Over the past decade, Facebook has become integrated into the everyday lives of many of its 1.28 billion active users to the point that Facebook can no longer be considered “new media.” The site is driven by the “disclosures” (Stutzman, Gross and Acquisti) users make on the site—by uploading photos, writing status updates, commenting on posts made by others, sharing news items, entering biographical details, and so on. These digital traces of life are archived by default, persisting indefinitely as etches in Facebook’s servers around the world. Especially for young users who have grown up using Facebook, significant parts of their social and cultural lives have been played out on the site. As spaces in which the persona is enacted and made visible, social network sites like Facebook also effectively capture growing up stories through a chronicle of mediated, transitional experiences: birthdays, graduations, the beginning (and end) of relationships, first jobs, travel, and so on. For these reasons, Facebook also comes to serve as a site of memorialisation for users who have passed away. To mark its tenth anniversary (2014), Facebook drew attention to the great depth and wealth of experiences users had traced upon its pages through the release of one-minute “look back“ videos, chronicling the life of individual users over their time on Facebook. These videos have become short manifestations of the personas presented on the site, crafted through an algorithmic selection of critical moments in the user’s life (as shared on the site) to tell that user’s story. To turn Bowker’s musings in the above quote into a question, what do these sets of traces that we leave in the world add up to? In this article, I undertake a critical reading of Facebook’s look back videos to argue that they serve as the strongest reminder yet about the function of Facebook as memory archive. I draw on several sources: my own analysis of the structure of the videos themselves, the Facebook corporate blog describing the roll out of the videos, and the public campaign played out on YouTube by John Berlin to have a look back video generated for his deceased son. I argue that Facebook comes to serve two critical functions for users, as both the site upon which life narratives are performed and organised, and also the site through which the variously public and private disclosures that constitute a persona are recalled and reflected upon. In setting out these arguments, I divide this paper into three parts: first, a description and reflection upon my own experience of the look back video; second, a consideration of critical moments selected for inclusion in the look back videos by algorithm as persona; and third, a discussion of death and memorialisation, as a sharp example of the significance of the digital traces we leave behind. The Look Back Video Gentle piano music rises as the “camera” pans across an assortment of photos. The flute joins the piano, and you are reminded that you started your Facebook journey in 2006. Here is your first profile picture—you with your arm around one of your good mates when you were twenty years old. Faster now, and here are “your first moments,” presented as images you have shared: March 2008, some of your closest friends who you met during your undergraduate studies, standing around sharing a drink; April 2008, a photo of a friend eating a biscuit, mid-conversation (she’d hate this one); and one last photo from April 2008, the biscuit-eating friend’s ex-boyfriend looking coy (you no longer speak to him, but he is still on your Friends list). Now enter the violins, seventeen seconds in. Things are getting nostalgic. Here are “your most liked posts”: July 2012, “thesis submitted for examination, yo” (46 likes); November 2012, “Trust me, I’m a Doctor… of Philosophy” (98 likes); February 2013, a mess of text announcing that you’ve found a job and you’ll be leaving your hometown (106 likes). Thirty-five seconds in now, and the pace of the music changes—look how far you have come. Here are some photos you have shared: December 2008, you at a bowling alley with your arm around one of your best friends who now lives overseas; October 2009, friends trying to sleep on your couch, being disturbed by the flash of your camera; June 2010, a family shot at your mother’s birthday. The pace quickens now, as we move into the final quarter of the video: September 2010, you on the beach with friends visiting from overseas; October 2011, you with some people you met in Canada whose names you don’t recall; (images now moving faster and faster) November 2011, ice skating with friends; March 2012, a wedding in Hawaii where you were the best man; December 2012, celebrating the conferral of your PhD with two colleagues; and finally July 2013, farewelling colleagues at a going away party. In the final ten seconds, the music reaches its crescendo and the camera pans backwards to reveal a bigger collage of photos of you and your nearest and dearest. Facebook’s trademark “thumbs up”/like symbol signals the end of the retrospective, looking back on the critical moments from the last eight and a half years of your life. Underneath the video, as if signing off a card accompanying a birthday present, is “Mark” (Zuckerberg, Facebook CEO, in a faux hand-written font) “and the Facebook Team.” Facebook is you, the note seems to imply; for our anniversary, we present you back to yourself (see fig. 1). On 4 February 2014, the look back video feature was made available to all Facebook users. Some 200 million watched their videos, and more than 50% shared them with their networks (Spiridonov and Bandaru). In other words, around 100 million Facebook users held up their own individually generated look back videos as a record of the persona they had crafted through the site, and shared that persona retrospective with their networks. The videos work in the same way that television news programs piece together memorial clips for celebrities who have passed away, blending emotive music with visuals that conjure up memories and reflections. The first point of difference is that Facebook’s look back videos were intended for the living (although this function shifted as I will explain in a case study towards the end of this piece) to reflect on their own personas presented through the site, and then (about half the time) shared with their networks. The second difference is the technical, automated process of piecing together, rendering, storing, and streaming these videos on a large scale. Spiridonov and Bandaru, two Facebook engineers writing on the site’s Engineering Blog, described the rapid development and rollout of the videos. They explain the enormous pool of technical resources and human capital that were brought to bear on the project, including thirty teams across the company, in just 25 days. They end their explanatory post with an homage to “the things [they] love about Facebook culture” that the project represented for them, including “helping hundreds of millions of people connect with those who are important to them” (Spiridonov and Bandaru). The look back videos also serve a deeper purpose that isn’t addressed explicitly in any explanatory notes or press releases: to demonstrate the great depth of disclosures users make and are implicated in by others on the site. In a one-minute look back video, these disclosures come to serve as the very digital traces that Bowker was interested in, forming a longitudinal record of the persona. Algorithms and Critical Moments Although the explanatory post by Spiridonov and Bandaru did not go into details, the algorithm that determines which photos and status updates go into the look back videos appears to consider the quantity of likes and (potentially) comments on posts, while also seeking to sample disclosures made across the user’s time on the site. The latter consideration works to reinforce the perception of the longitudinal nature of the site’s memory, and the extent to which the life of the user has become entangled with, enmeshed in, and mediated through Facebook. Through the logic of the look back algorithm, critical moments in the user’s life course—those experiences that mark out narratives of growing up—become measured not in terms of their value for individuals, but instead through a quantitative metric of “likes.” While after the initial release of the look back feature, Facebook did provide users with the functionality to alter their videos with some limited control over which images could be featured, the default was determined by the algorithm. Social network sites have come to serve as spaces for reflexive identity work, for the development of personas for young people (boyd; Livingstone; Hodkinson and Lincoln; Lincoln; Robards). The transition towards adulthood is punctuated and shaped by “critical moments” (Thomson et al.) such as moving out of home, dropping out of school, entering a relationship, learning to drive, a death in the family, going clubbing for the first time, and so on. In Giddens’ terms, the “fateful moment” (from which Thomson et al. borrow in conceptualising the critical moment), is “highly consequential for a person’s destiny” (121), and should be understood as distinct from but certainly affecting the inconsequential goings-on of daily life. When these critical moments are articulated and made visible on social network sites like Facebook, and then subsequently archived by way of the persistent nature of these sites, they become key markers in a mediated growing up story for young people. Livingstone points towards the role of these sites for young people who are “motivated to construct identities, to forge new social groupings, and to negotiate alternatives to given cultural meanings” (4). Sharing, discussing, and remembering these critical moments becomes an important activity on social network sites, and thus the look back video serves to neatly capture critical moments in a one minute retrospective. Facebook has also started prompting users to record critical moments through predetermined, normative categories (see fig. 2) such as romance (a first kiss), health (losing weight and not smoking), purchases (buying a house and a car), and civic duty (voting and military service). These disclosure prompts operate at a deeper level to the logic of sharing whatever you are doing right now, and instead feed into that longitudinal memory of the site. As I have argued elsewhere (see Robards) it is clear that not all critical moments are disclosed equally on social network sites. Users may choose not to disclose some critical moments – such as breakups and periods of depression or anxiety – instead preferring to present an “idealised self.” Goffman explains that idealised presentations are aspirational, and that individuals will perform the best version of themselves (44). This isn’t a fake persona or a deception, but simply a presentation of what the individual regards to be the best qualities and appearances, contingent upon what Goffman described as the standards of the region (110). What constitutes an “authentic” persona on Facebook is clearly subjective, and dependent on those region specific standards. In my earlier research on MySpace, the quantity of friends one had was an indicator of popularity, or a quantitative measure of social capital, but over time and with the shift to Facebook this appeared to change, such that smaller networks became more “authentic” (Robards). Similarly, the kinds of disclosures users make on Facebook will vary depending on the conventions of use they have established within their own networks. Importantly, the look back algorithm challenges the user’s capacity to value their own critical moments, or indeed any moments or disclosures that might mark out a narrative of self, and instead chooses moments for the user. In this scenario, at least initially, the look back algorithm co-constructs the retrospective persona summary for the user. Only with effort, and only to a certain extent, can the user exercise curatorial control over that process. Death and Other Conclusions Although the initial function of the look back videos was for users to reflect on their own personas presented through Facebook, users who had lost loved ones quickly sought look back videos for the deceased. John Berlin, a Facebook user who had lost his son Jesse in 2012, tried to access a look back video for his son but was unsuccessful. He posted his plea to YouTube, which received almost three million views, and was eventually successful, after his request “touched the hearts of everyone who heard it” including Facebook staff (Price and DiSclafani). After receiving numerous similar requests, Facebook established a form where people could make have videos for deceased users rendered. In the words of Facebook staff, this was part of the site’s commitment to “preserve legacies on Facebook” (Price and DiSclafani). There is a growing body of research on the digital traces we leave behind after death. Leaver points out that when social media users die, the “significant value of the media traces a user leaves behind” is highlighted. Certainly, this has been the case with the look back videos, further supporting Leaver’s claim. John Berlin’s plea to have his deceased son’s look back video made available to him was presented as a key factor in Facebook’s decision to make these videos available to loved ones. Although the video’s narrative was unchanged (still pitched to users themselves, rather than their loved ones) John Berlin shared his son’s look back video on YouTube to a much wider network than he or his son may have previously imagined. Indeed, Gibson has argued that “digital remains cannot easily be claimed back into a private possessive sphere of ownership” (214). Although Jesse Berlin’s look back video did not reach the millions of viewers his father’s plea reached, on YouTube it still had some 423,000 views, clearly moving beyond Gibson’s “private possessive sphere” (214) to became a very public memorial. Bowker makes the observation that his friends and acquaintances who died before 1992 are sparsely represented online. In 1992, the first widely adopted web browser Mosaic made the Internet accessible for ordinary people in an everyday context. Bowker goes on to explain that his friends who died post-Mosaic “carry on a rich afterlife [… they] still receive email messages; links to their website rot very slowly; their informal thoughts are often captured on list-serv archives, on comments they have left on a website” (23). For Bowker, the rise of the Internet has brought about a “new regime of memory practices” (34). The implications of this new “paradigm of the trace” for Facebook users are only now becoming clear, multiplied in depth and complexity compared to the forms of digital traces Bowker was discussing. The dead, of course, have always left traces—letters, bureaucratic documents, photographs, and so on. There is nothing particularly new about the social and cultural traces that the dead leave behind, only in the way these traces persist and are circulated as the Berlin case study makes clear. The look back video brings the significance of the digital trace into a new light, challenging concepts of personal histories and the longevity of everyday personas. Now that Facebook has developed the infrastructure and the processes for rolling out these look back features, there is the possibility that we will see more in the future. The site already provides annual summaries of the user’s year on Facebook in December. It is possible that look back videos could mark out other moments, too: birthdays, new relationships, potentially even the deaths of loved ones. Might Facebook look back videos – in future forms and iterations, no doubt distinct from the ten-year anniversary video described here – come to serve as a central mechanism for memory, nostalgia, and memorialisation? I don’t have the same kind of apprehension that Bowker expresses in the quote at the top of this article, where he reflects on whether or not it is the “real” him out there on the web. Through Goffman’s dramaturgical lens, I am convinced that there is no single “authentic” persona, but rather many sides to the personas we present to others and to ourselves. The Facebook look back video figures into that presentation and that reflection, albeit through an algorithm that projects a curated set of critical moments back to us. In this sense, these videos become mirrors through which Facebook users experience the personas they have mediated on the site. Facebook is surely aware of this significance, and will no doubt continue to build the importance and depth of the digital traces users inscribe on the site into their plans for the future. References Bowker, Geoffrey C. “The Past and the Internet.” Structures of Participation in Digital Culture. New York: Social Science Research Council, 2007. 20-36. boyd, danah. “Social Network Sites as Networked Publics: Affordances, Dynamics, and Implications.” A Networked Self: Identity, Community, and Culture on Social Network Sites. New York: Routledge, 2011. 39-58. Gibson, Margaret. “Digital Objects of the Dead: Negotiating Electronic Remains.” The Social Construction of Death: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. Ed. Leen van Brussel and Nico Carpentier. Palgrave, 2014: 212-229. Giddens, Anthony. Modernity and Self-Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age. 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