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1
WANG, JEN-CHYONG. "FIELD AND LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS OF SPIROGYRA (CHLOROPHYTA, ZYGNEMATACEAE), WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO A POLYPLOID SPECIES COMPLEX (ARIZONA)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183812.
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On the basis of three morphological characters (e.g., filament, width, chloroplast number, and type of cell end wall), six filament types of Spirogyra were collected along Bear Creek in the Santa Catalina Mountains near Tucson, Arizona. The occurrence and distribution of filament types showed seasonal and geographical patterns. Filaments were more frequently collected in early summer from pools at lower elevation. Growth of Spirogyra may be influenced by water temperature, pH, and water amount. Most filaments occurred more abundantly while water temperture and pH were relatively high. The number of filament types was greatest at sites with a semi-permanent water supply rather than in temporary and permanent pools. Of the six types of Spirogyra, Type V showed morphological and genetic changes through vegetative growth and sexual reproduction in a clonal culture in the laboratory. After 33 months culturing, a narrower filament-width group (Group II, 22.0 ± 1.1 μm) was produced in the original clone (Group I, 30.9 (+OR-) 0.7 μm). Groups I and II were homothallic and sexually compatible. Zygospores from the cross of I x II yielded germlilngs of Groups I, II, III (27.2 ± 1.0 μm) and a binucleate IV (44.9 ± 0.8 μm). Chromosome counts were: Group I (24), Group II (12), Group III (18), and Group IV (24, one nucleus). Relative nuclear-DNA fluorescence values increased as filament width and chromosome number increased. Cytologically, Group I is a tetraploid, Group II a diploid, and Group III a triploid. Systematically, Groups I, II and III key out to pirogyra singularis, S. communis, and S. fragilis, respectively, using Transeau's monograph on Zygnemataceae. These species are interpreted to be a species complex of S. communis (whose name has priority) with the ancestral haploid (x = 6) missing. Five years after isolation of the original strain in this species complex filaments corresponding to Groups I and II were found at the original collection site. The two field-collected groups were indistinguishable from the laboratory species complex in morphology and chromosome number. Homothallic conjunction within two field width groups yielded progeny similar to those from homothallic conjunction of groups in the laboratory species complex. Filament widths of progeny were generally within the width limits of respective parental groups. The four intergroup crosses between laboratory and field width groups were successful and yielded progeny representing Groups I, II, and III. The similarities in morphology, chromosome numbers, and reproductive behavior of laboratory and field width groups imply that the laboratory species complex of S. communis has a natural counterpart in the field.
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Durako, Maris R. "A reassessment of Geminella (Chlorophyta) based upon photosynthetic pigments, DNA sequence analysis and electron microscopy /." Electronic version (PDF), 2007. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2007-1/durakom/marisdurako.pdf.
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Paulo, Vanessa Patrícia Faria. "Optimização da produção de açucares por microalgas para a produção de bioetanol." Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4100.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaNowadays, the world energy crisis and environmental issues are in order. So, the use of biofuels has gained an extraordinary importance and microalgae seem to be a promising feedstock, as they do not compete with food either for arable land or for potable water. Also, they produce several interesting compounds such as sugars and lipids. The aim of this dissertation was the study of sugar production by Spirogyra sp. regarding the production of bioethanol. So, the first step was the cultivation of this chlorophyte under continuous lighting and day-night cycles (14 h/10 h), to evaluate the effect of light regime on the growth and sugar accumulation. Methods for cell rupture and sugars extraction were also studied and optimized. A yeast screening towards the production of ethanol from microalgae hidrolysates was the final step of this work. The highest biomass concentration was attained under day-night cycles (0,34±0,05 vs. 0,29±0,02 gL-1) but the greatest sugar accumulation occurred in the presence of continuous illumination (27 vs. 24 % g eqglu.g biomass-1). From all the tested methods for cellular disruption of Spyrogira sp., the most appropriate was acid hydrolysis by sulfuric acid 2 N in autoclave for 30 min (78 % extracted sugars). S. carlsbergensis showed to be the most promising microorganism with conversion yields of 82 % for glucose and mannose. This yeast presented also the ability to use in some extent arabinose, a pentose found in algae hydrolysates.
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Diogo, Elsa Maria dos Santos. "Utilização de Algas na produção de bioetanol." Master's thesis, Instituto Politécnico de Tomar, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/5849.
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Este trabalho, desenvolvido no contexto de estágio curricular nos laboratórios de Engenharia Química e Ambiente do Instituto Politécnico de Tomar, teve como principal objectivo estudar a potencialidade de produzir biomassa algal, de forma integrada no processo de tratamento de águas residuais através de zonas húmidas construídas. Neste âmbito, desenvolveram-se actividades predominantemente de foro experimental segundo três vertentes: a implementação ou validação de técnicas analíticas, tais como a determinação da concentração de nutrientes na fase aquosa, o teor de biomassa em termos secos e o teor de açúcares totais e redutores; o estudo da potencialidade de utilização de lixiviados, ricos em nutrientes, obtidos de argilas expandidas usadas como enchimento de zonas húmidas construídas, como meio de crescimento de micro e de macroalgas; a avaliação e tentativa de optimização do crescimento das microalgas e das macroalgas.
Escolheu-se a macroalga Cladophora aegagropila atendendo a estar referenciada pela sua capacidade de clarificação das águas. Estudou-se o crescimento da macroalga em substratos tradicionais, e na argila expandida sem qualquer tratamento, verificando-se uma aparente boa adequação das algas a este diferente substrato. Não existindo dados na literatura sobre o teor de açúcares ou amidos nesta alga, determinou-se por análise que o teor em açúcares totais é de 38,8%, dos quais 22,4% são açúcares redutores.
Foram também estudadas duas microalgas, Anabaena sp. e Spirogyra sp. Avaliou-se a cinética de crescimento em diferentes meios de crescimento, determinando-se a taxa específica de crescimento e o tempo de duplicação. A concentração máxima obtida foi de 0,21 g/L para a Anabaena sp., sendo de salientar que o meio líquido obtido por lixiviação da argila expandida comprovou ser apropriado para o crescimento das microalgas, apesar de conduzir a taxas específicas de crescimento inferiores. A utilização dos lixiviados pode representar uma redução de custos na produção de algas, e uma forma de regenerar os materiais de enchimento usados nas zonas húmidas construídas
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Chang, Chia-Jui, and 張家睿. "Life-cycle of Spirogyra (Chlorophyta；Zygnemaceae)." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02695420029457903362.
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碩士崑山科技大學
環境工程研究所
99
Benthic filamentous (green) macroalgae, mostly Cladophora, and Spirogyra, often spawn profusely during growth seasons; the algae can be found all year around in unpolluted freshwater in Taiwan that has slightly hard water, with adequate flow and low turbidity. In general, the life cycle of algae is short, it can be easily cultivated, and it propagates quickly. The basic structure of green algae cells is similar to those of vascular plants which make them an ideal material to study biochemical reactions and physiological mechanisms of various plants. The current study explores differences in sporophyte and gametophyte generations of Spirogyra in terms of environment, growth seasons, abundance during various growth cycles, and epiphytic algal species. The study uses this perspective to discuss the life cycle of Spirogyra, and to take a look at the relationship of interaction between epiphytic and precursor algae in the lifecycle of Spirogyra; hence, the research on the epiphytic and precursor algae of Spirogyra was conducted concurrently with the study on the lifecycle of Spirogyra. The findings will serve as a basis for biomaterial applications or taxonomically, morphologically, and physiologically-related researches on domestic freshwater Spirogyra.
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Li, Hong-wan, and 黎虹宛. "Removal of Methylene Blue and Colour from Wastewater by Spirogyra." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52156337590718468024.
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碩士義守大學
土木與生態工程學系碩士班
97
The purpose of this study is to investigate the adsorption of Methylene Blue (MB) and ADMI (American Dye Manufacturers Institute) from wastewater using Spirogyra (Sp.). Results of kinetic adsorption experiments indicated that the rate of adsorption increased with increasing the concentration of MB and pH; the adsorptive capacity increases with decresing ionic strength. The maximum adsorption capacity of MB increased with increasing temperature, whereupon the adsorption capacity of MB ranged from 6.63×10-5 mol/g to 9.89×10-5 mol/g was determined. Pseudo-second-order (PSO) can be used to describe the kinetic data. The adsorption process was found to be spontaneous and endothermic. The results reveal that the removal efficiency of ADMI is the best with lower pH and higher temperature. In dyes in the entire waste water experiment result to discover, effect of ADMI elimination, has the good result production under the acidic environment. Modified Freundlich equation (MFE) can be used to describe the kinetic data.
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Cheng, Tsai Chih, and 蔡智成. "Infuence of salinity on the extracellular polymeric substances of Spirogyra spp." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67227590481820712430.
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碩士崑山科技大學
環境工程研究所
104
Produced by microbial extracellular polymeric substance(EPS) has been regarded as an important renewable resources and technology in recent years, many studies exploring valuable EPS, and has a production potential of algae. Spirogyra spp. is a genus of filamentous green large algae commonly found in fresh water. Under the natural environment, Spirogyra spp. secretes large amounts of EPS and forms a sticky mucilage layer. This study discovered that salinity increases, the amount of EPS increases. By the 13.0 EPS mg / g.fw increased 26.9 EPS mg / g.fw, and incubation time as more than four hours, that influence is not different, but the EPS, polysaccharides in tandem with increased salinity increased significantly, but protein only a slight increase. Therefore, the levels and ratio of protein and polysaccharide in EPS. In Spirogyra spp. to produce extracellular polymeric algae species, can be controled under different salinity.
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Chen, Tzu-Yun, and 陳紫昀. "Taxonomic Study of the Genus Spirogyra of Fresh Water in Southern Taiwan." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10289060665486990481.
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碩士崑山科技大學
環境工程研究所
100
Filamentous algae can be found all year around in unpolluted freshwater or relatively low pollution in Taiwan that has slightly hardwater, with adequate flow even hydrostatic shallow waters.On domestic, the taxonomically of freshwater Spirogyra is lack. Through the literature review, organize characteristics of Spirogyra species, this research is to observe the characteristics of Spirogyra sp., including vegetative cells long and diameter, end walls of cells, chloroplast, conjugation, conjugation tubes formed, the shape of zygospores and spores, median wall of zygospore, and other features, sorting out the total of 228 kinds of Spirogyra genus from mainland and foreign area..In this study, freshwater streams, shallow water in southern Taiwan, Nanheng Rd. pools, Nanhua swamps, Yanchao fruit orchards and Kaohsiung original botanical-garden were chosen to collect , total of 72 Spirogyra samples under the microscope analysis. According to the microscopic photographs of the samples, selected Spirogyra species classification characteristics for vegetative cells long and diameter, end walls of cells, chloroplast. Initially identified 10 known species of Spirogyra in Taiwan, in sequence for Spirogyra spreeiana Rabenhorst、Spirogyra frigida Gay、 Spirogyra gracilis (Hassall) Kützing、Spirogyra parvula (Transeau) Czurda、Spirogyra subcylindrospora Jao、Spirogyra chungkingensis Jao、Spirogyra biformis Jao、Spirogyra fluviatilis (Hilse) Skuia 、Spirogyra novae-angliae Transeau 、Spirogyra majuscula KÜtzing, accompanied by microphotos, recorded its morphology and distribution. The findings will serve as a basis for taxonomically, morphologically, and physiologically-related researches on domestic freshwater Spirogyra.
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Lin, Chen-Ju, and 林貞汝. "Comparison of the epiphytic algae between the Cladophora and Spirogyra filamentous macroalga." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/dpqzuq.
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碩士崑山科技大學
環境工程研究所
97
Filamentous algae con be found in rivers that originate in the central-south region of Taiwan, including unpolluted or mildly polluted shallow rivers. These algae are highly abundant, especially Cladophora and Spirogyra is the most abundant. In the paper, the Cladophora and Spirogyra algae, obtained from the same habitate under similar physical and chemical conditions, allowed us to compare the epiphytic algae between the two different host algae. Including algal assemblage; algal species; algal count; and calculated Menhinick; Margale; Shannon-Weaver; Simpson; McIntosh; Equitability; Shannon-Weaver Equitability et al. ecological index. This study demonstrates a strong effect of host algal genera on the development of epiphytic algae. Algal epiphytic71 taxa was observed on Cladophora; the mean of algal count is 572.8（116.5~1733.8） ; the mean of Menhinick is 1.44（0.67~3.44）; the mean of Margalef is 4.34（2.58~8.87）; the mean of Shannon-Weaver is 0.33（0.16~0.45）; the mean of Simpson is 0.98（0.95~1）; the mean of McIntosh is 0.89（0.83~0.97）; the mean of Equitability is 75.4%（36%~100%）; the mean of Shannon-Weaver Equitability is 0.087（0.05~0.12）. Algal epiphytic15 taxa was observed on Spirogyra; the mean of algal count is 64.5（16.5~193.5）; the mean of Menhinick is 0.87（0.34~1.4）; the mean of Margalef is 1.95（0.92~2.97）; the mean of Shannon-Weaver is 0.31（0.13~0.49）; the mean of Simpson is 0.99（0.97~1）; the mean of McIntosh is 0.9（0.77~0.98）; the mean of Equitability is 67.7%（27.4%~100%）; the mean of Shannon-Weaver Equitability is 0.1（0.08~0.13）.
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Chid, Wen-Ying, and 邱文英. "Comparison on Different Physical Methods for Spirogyra spp. Extracellular Polymers Substances Extraction." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18744565400672597098.
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碩士崑山科技大學
環境工程研究所
103
Spirogyra is a float in ponds and paddy fields or still water river green algae, grown rapidly since the growing season, collecting samples easy, short life cycle and good training, coupled with similar basic cells of algae and higher plants structure. It is the study of the various plant biochemical and physiological mechanisms of good material. In the freshwater environment, natural habitat, algae will secrete large amounts of extracellular polymeric substance ( EPS). The present study was to investigate Spirogyra algae cell extraction technology outside polymers on physical methods of separation techniques, different physical extraction and separation of the isolated amount of extracellular polymeric substances, as well as changes in the main components of proteins and polysaccharides to conditions for comparison. The results will be provided as a reference only understand Taiwan Spirogyra algae research, as well as large extracellular polymers filamentous algae and extraction technology.
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LIU, Tzu-Yu, and 劉子瑜. "Comparison of Different Chemical Methods for Spirogyra spp. Extracellular Polymers Substances Extraction." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70715759737404722664.
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碩士崑山科技大學
環境工程研究所
103
Spirogyra is a green algae float in ponds and paddy fields or still water river, grown a lot during the growing season, collecting samples easy, short life cycle and good training, coupled with similar basic cells of algae and higher plants structureIt is the study of the various plant biochemical and physiological mechanisms of good material. In the freshwater environment, natural habitats,Spirogyra will secrete large amounts of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Outer mucilage layer amount of extraction technology on the EPS chemical methods of separation, and separation of the different chemical extraction of isolated algae of this study was to investigate Spirogyra algae, as well as changes in the main components of proteins and polysaccharides compared to conditions . The results will be provided as a reference only understand Taiwan Spirogyra algae research, as well as large extracellular polymers filamentous algae and extraction technology.
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Huang, Jing-Yi, and 黃景義. "Using macro-filamentous green alage(Cladophora spp. and Spirogyra spp.) biomaterial for pollution control." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33656873879802526910.
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碩士崑山科技大學
環境工程研究所
101
The Cladophora and Spirogyra genera are classified within the green algae division. Species belonging to these genera comprise large filamentous algae, possess significant biomass, and are found in freshwater around the world. These characteristics give Cladophora and Spirogyra high potential to be developed as biological materials of Applications in environmental engineering, pollution prevention field. For this study, we harvested fresh Cladophora and Spirogyra and produced algae powder using two of conventional procedures: with pigment extraction and without pigment extraction. Used in adsorption of heavy metals, this study adsorption Pb (II) solution, and the differences in biosorption rates were subsequently analyzed and observe the adsorption process at different functional group after the change. Our study found the following: (i) significant differences in cell structure, cell wall thickness, the type and content of cell composition, and the quantity of epiphytes between Cladophora and Spirogyra. This variation influenced the functional groups within the resulting algae powders and their binding sites, which further led to different levels of Pb(II) adsorption. (ii) Glacial acetic acid, a compound commonly employed in pigment extraction procedures, affected the functional groups and the binding sites of the resulting algae powders. For Cladophora algae powder, Pb(II) biosorption was reduced by 16.6 mg/g ; whereas for Spirogyra algae powder, Pb(II) biosorption was reduced by 19.8 mg/g. (iii) The pigment extraction procedure exerted the most significant influence on the carbonyl groups and hydroxyl groups in algae powder. (iv) The pigment extraction procedure is not suitable for the preparation of algae powders which will be used for metal ion biosorption.
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Shih, Yu-Ting, and 施郁庭. "The distribution and growth factors of Spirogyra sp. and Cladophora sp. in upstream in South Taiwan." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93814805456941139740.
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碩士國立成功大學
環境工程學系碩博士班
95
This research is to investigate the distribution of benthic macroalgae in head waters of Tseng-Wen Reservoir and Nan-Hua Reservoir. Biomass and abundance of macroalage were investigated per month in five sites selected from head water of each reservoir during May 2006 to March 2007. Spirogyra sp. and Cladophora sp. were rarely found in rainy season, May to September, whereas they grew abundantly in other months. Also, their spatial distribution was heterogeneous because of the difference among environmental factors. Spirogyra required higher concentrations of hardness and alkalinity, and lower water velocity than Cladophora. The abundance of Spirogyra were more than 70% in the hardness concentration greater than 200 mg/L (as CaCO3) or alkalinity concentration less than 170 mg/L (as CaCO3). Spirogyra. grew not well in the concentrations of hardness and alkalinity both less than 150 mg/L. The abundance of Spirogyra was also affected by water velocity and depth, its suitable velocity is in the range of 0.12 and 0.17 m/s, and suitable water depth is in the range of 9 and 14 cm. The light irradiation and water velocity were two main environment factors that affected the abundance of Cladophora; hardness and alkalinity were tendencious factors; and water depth, nitrogen and phosphorous were not significant factors.
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Huang, Shih-Jyun, and 黃世俊. "Comparison of the biosorption of copper(II) aqueous solution by the Spirogyra and Cladophora filamentous macroalga." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9bk88r.
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碩士崑山科技大學
環境工程研究所
97
Copper is an important pollutant in the wastewater of metal treatment and semi-conductor industries. Several treatment technologies have been proposed to remove copper from wastewater, such as chemical precipitation, electrode deposition, reverse osmosis, adsorption, etc. Among these remedy methods, adsorption is a relatively inexpensive alternative for copper removel. The aim of this research is to develop a low cost adsorbent for wastewater treatment. This study evaluated the biosorption capacity of green alga Spirogyra and Cladophora species for Cu(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions. The biosorption capacities were examined by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and the results indicated that the biomass is a suitable material for the development of high capacity biosorbent for Cu(Ⅱ) removal. Powdered biomass of Spirogyra species can rapidly sorbent the target metals. It is observed that the biosorption capacity of the biomass strongly depends on pH and algal dose. The maximum biosorption capacity of 117.65 mg Cu(Ⅱ)/g as dry weight of biomass was observed at an optimum pH of 5.0 in 120 min with an algal dose of 0.1 g/L and 150 mg/L metal concentration in the solution. The potential of commonly available green algae belonging to Cladophora species investigated isotherms of Cu(Ⅱ) biosorption. It is observed that the biosorption capacity of the biomass strongly depends on pH and algal dose. The maximum biosorption capacity of 188.7 mg Cu(Ⅱ)/g as dry weight of biomass was observed at an optimum pH of 5.0 in 60 min with an algal dose of 0.5 g/L and 150 mg/L metal concentration in the solution. The sorption of both algae was very well described by the Langmuir isotherm.
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Kuo, Yi-chun, and 郭意均. "The effects of assimilating efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorous with different environmental factors and nutrient components by Spirogyra in the river." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11310340592477487278.
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碩士國立成功大學
環境工程學系碩博士班
95
This research mainly combined with the field investigation to estimate the availability of assimilation of nutrients by Spirogyra. The results could further apply to decrease the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorous and improve the eutrophication in the reservoir or watershed. The results of primary experiments indicated the assimilated amounts of nutrients increased when the pH of medium was 9 without stirring. It was probably attributed to the flocculated effects of Spirogyra. The period of culture was 4 days and the highest assimilated amounts of carbonate, nitrate and phosphorous were 12%, 70% and 25%, respectively. The results of batch experiments showed the effects of total nitrogen and ortho-phosphate per dry weight of Spirogyra with various environmental factors. The assimilated amounts by Spirogyra would better when the pH, temperature and concentration of nutrients were classified to high levels. The highest assimilated amounts of nitrogen and ortho-phosphate per dry weight of Spirogyra were 36.89 mg/g ．L and 6.99 mg/g．L. After transferring and analyzing with ANOVA software, we could find there was no significant effect existed on the assimilation of total nitrogen. But the temperature and concentrations of phosphate-adding were the major factors and had the apparent effects for assimilating by Spirogyra. To compare the results of assimilating amounts of total nitrogen we found that the values increased in some experiments after cultivating. It was referred to the organic nitrogen released from algae via metabolism function to induce the variations of total nitrogen to become negative and the concentrations per dry weight of Spirogyra were about 0-1.36 mg/g．L. The total lipid contents increased with increasing the assimilated amounts of nutrients and the highest value of raising was 77.35%. It was implied the Spirogyra could apply to decrease the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorous in the reservoir and watershed and also had the potential for developing bioresource. We also used the molecular biology technique to identify the test algae and the results indicated the S1, S2 and S3 could categorized as Spirogyra geuns and Zygnemataceae family. The different sampling zones of watershed didn’t discover the variations in the types of attached algaes.
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Skokan, Roman. "Transport auxinu v řasách." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-337632.
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Phytohormone auxin plays an important role in regulating plant development. Directional (polar) cell-to-cell auxin transport creates auxin gradients within plant tissues, which trigger a specific developmental response. The vast majority of available data concerns angiosperms. Lower land plants have been much less explored in this regard, but the important auxin-related mechanisms (including polar auxin transport) are already present in mosses. To uncover the origins of auxin action, one must focus on green algae, especially of clade Streptophyta, which are the direct ancestors of all land plants. In this study, the possible effects of auxins, both native and synthetic, were investigated on two algae: basal, unicellular Chlorella lobophora and advanced, filamentous Spirogyra sp. The latter received comparably more attention, since it belongs to a clade now acknowledged as a sister group to land plants. Chlorella lobophora culture growth was irresponsive to synthetic auxin NAA. The average Spirogyra sp. cell length was, however, changed by auxins at high concentrations. By conducting accumulation assays of radioactively labelled auxins and HPLC analysis, auxin metabolism and transport was investigated in Spirogyra sp. This alga was able to metabolize the plant-native IAA, but not synthetic auxins...