Academic literature on the topic 'Spitzbergen'

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Journal articles on the topic "Spitzbergen"

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Jagiełło-Kowalczyk, Magdalena, Wojciech Kujawski, and Agnieszka Żabicka. "Przestrzenie miejskie a uwarunkowania klimatyczne. Spitzbergen." Środowisko Mieszkaniowe, no. 29 (2019): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25438700sm.19.037.11668.

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Petrov, G. M. "The Transit Instrument Under Optimum Conditions." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 109 (1986): 517–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900076981.

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On the basis of experience with RA determinations during the polar nights of 1974–1977 on West Spitzbergen and of RA determinations of the Sun, Mercury and Venus at high latitutes one can conclude as follows: At high geographical latitudes the polar night conditions are nearly optimal for absolute determinations of stellar coordinates; high altitude sites near the equator are best for day time observations. It is suggested that observatories be built for absolute position determinations on Spitzbergen, and on McMurdo on the Antarctic Continent. The link between observations in the northern and the southern hemispheres can be established through observations at a high-altitude equatorial observatory, where the Sun and the planets can also be observed.
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FLOVIK, KARL. "CHROMOSOME NUMBERS AND POLYPLOIDY WITHIN THE FLORA OF SPITZBERGEN." Hereditas 26, no. 3-4 (July 9, 2010): 430–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1940.tb03246.x.

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Bostr�m, Sven. "A new terrestrial nematode species (Rhabditida: Cephalobidae) from spitzbergen." Polar Biology 7, no. 6 (September 1987): 375–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00293227.

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Bailey, David A. "Selected <i>Cribroperidinium</i> species (Dinophyceae) from the Kimmeridgian and Volgian of northwest Europe." Journal of Micropalaeontology 12, no. 2 (December 1, 1993): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jm.12.2.219.

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Abstract. Two new dinoflagellate species, Cribroperidinium complexum and C. erymnoseptum are described from the Kimmeridgian of the Norwegian Continental Shelf and Spitzbergen. The morphotypes described as Cribroperidinium sp. A by Davey (1982) from the Portlandian of Denmark, are thought to be conspecific with Cribroperidinium gigas Raynaud 1978. The holotype of Cribroperidinium longicorne (Downie) Lentin &amp; Williams 1985 has been examined and is discussed.
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Litvinova, T. I., G. M. Kashulina, and N. M. Korobeynikova. "Soil organic matter of katena near the Barentzburg (Western Spitzbergen)." Transaction Kola Science Cetnre 2, no. 11 (July 2, 2020): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2307-5252.2020.2.8.002.

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Beyerle, Georg, and Roland Neuber. "The stratospheric aerosol content above Spitzbergen during winter 1991/92." Geophysical Research Letters 21, no. 13 (June 22, 1994): 1291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93gl03292.

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Lenzenweger, Rupert, and Cornelius Lütz. "A contribution to knowledge of the desmid flora (Desmidiaceae, Zygnemaphyceae) of Spitzbergen." Algological Studies/Archiv für Hydrobiologie, Supplement Volumes 119 (April 1, 2006): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1864-1318/2006/0119-0079.

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Reimers, Eigil, Steinar Lund, and Torbjørn Ergon. "Vigilance and fright behaviour in the insular Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 89, no. 8 (August 2011): 753–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z11-040.

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The insular Svalbard reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus Vrolik, 1829) provide an opportunity to study vigilance behaviour in the absence of predators and parasitizing insects. We measured vigilance and fright and flight response during summer 2006 in the Svalbard archipelago; in four areas on Nordenskiöld Land on the island Spitzbergen and in one area on the island Edgeøya. Vigilance was higher in reindeer on Edgeøya than in the four Spitzbergen areas. Males were less vigilant than lactating and barren females and vigilance decreased with increasing group size. The relaxed vigilance behaviour in Svalbard reindeer compared with wild reindeer in southern Norway demonstrates a vigilance threshold in the absence of traditional predators of Rangifer Hamilton Smith, 1827. Alert, flight initiation, and escape distances were all shorter in Adventdalen, with Longyearbyen and its considerably higher amounts of human activities and infrastructure than in the other study areas, supporting evidence of habituation towards humans. There were no systematic vigilance or differences in fright and flight responses between reindeer in Colesdalen, Reindalen, and Sassendalen, indicating that a combination of low level of human activities including hunting, recreation, and scientific activities affected the animals differently. Lower probability of assessing before fleeing in Edgeøya (63% vs. 94% in the Nordenskiöld Land areas), along with their higher vigilance, may indicate more frequent interactions with polar bears ( Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774) in Edgeøya.
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Gudmestad, Ove Tobias, and Knut Espen Solberg. "Findings from two Arctic search and rescue exercises north of Spitzbergen." Polar Geography 42, no. 3 (April 2019): 160–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1088937x.2019.1597394.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spitzbergen"

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Möller, Ingo. "Pflanzensoziologische und vegetationsökologische Studien in Nordwestspitzbergen /." Stuttgart : Steiner, 2000. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/317569589.pdf.

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Möller, Ingo. "Studien zur Vegetation Nordwestspitzbergens." [S.l. : s.n.], 1999. http://www.sub.uni-hamburg.de/disse/133/Disse.pdf.

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Cromack, Marianne. "A glacial sedimentary system in northwest Spitzbergen." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/268051.

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The record of climate change in Signedalen and Krossfjorden, northwest Spitsbergen, since the Late Weichselian glacial maximum, has been constructed using an integrated analysis of lacustrine, terrestrial and marine sediments. Thirty-four piston cores were taken from two series of linked lakes in Signedalen, fed by three small cirque glaciers. Six further cores were taken from the fjord inlet, Signehamna, into which meltwater from the linked glacier-fed lakes and a further two glaciers drain. Signehamna drains into Lilliehookfjorden, which with Mollerfjorden, combines to form Krossfjorden, from which 16 .cores were made available. Cores were analysed for moisture content, loss-on-ignition, bulk density, grain size, magnetic susceptibility, infra-red stimulated luminescence, by X-radiography and by radioisotopic dating methods, 210Pb and 14C. Bathymetric maps were constructed following echo sounding survey of the lakes. Seventy-two water samples from the linked lakes were used to assess contemporary environmental conditions, and to aid interpretation of sedimentary structures within core sediments. Results of lichenometric survey of moraine ridges and pro-talus deposits in and around Signedalen were analysed using discriminant analysis, and compared with Werner's (1988) lichen growth curve in order to establish a chronology of moraine stabilisation. Seismic records of Krossfjorden have revealed evidence of glacier advance at least as far as the sill separating Krossfjorden from the outer parts of the fjord and shelf associated with the Late Weichselian glacial maximum (Sexton et al., in press). Overlying the basal unit of a possible till , or sediments associated with rapid glacier retreat, is a blanket of homogeneous sediment formed by ice-distal deposition during the Holocene. There is no evidence of Younger Dryas glacier expansion preserved in the marine sediments, or in terrestrial moraines. Denudation rates calculated from lacustrine sediment accumulation infer the presence of smaller glaciers in Signedalen during the Younger Dryas than at present. The early to mid Holocene appears to have been characterised by relatively warm conditions, with much reduced glacier presence in Signedalen. Evidence of Neoglacial cooling, between approximately 3,000 yr BP and 1,500 yr BP, is found in lichenometric recorckof talus deposits, although precise dating of the inception, and duration of this cooling is problematic. No moraine sediments are recorded from this period. The Little Ice Age maximum, dated by licheno~etry to AD 1890, was the most extensive glacier advance to have affected the cirque glaciers of Signedalen and the tidewater glaciers of Krossfjorden, and is associated with the highest denudation rates recorded in the lacustrine sediments. It also appears to have been responsible for the formation of rock glaciers within the protalus deposits of Signedalen. Since this date, a general retreat of glaciers has been interrupted periodically by still-stands or slight readvances when climatic conditions deteriorated.
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Wilson, Sandra Jane. "Glacier dynamics and the evolution of the supraglacial sediment system, in Spitzbergen and northern Norway." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627210.

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Schulz, Alexander [Verfasser], and Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Dethloff. "Untersuchung der Wechselwirkung synoptisch-skaliger mit orographisch bedingten Prozessen in der arktischen Grenzschicht über Spitzbergen / Alexander Schulz ; Betreuer: Klaus Dethloff." Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1218402652/34.

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Langer, Jens. "Messungen des arktischen stratosphärischen Ozons : Vergleich der Ozonmessungen in Ny-Ålesund, Spitzbergen, 1997 und 1998 = Measurements of Arctic stratospheric ozone /." Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Inst. für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 1999. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/304812900.pdf.

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Brune, Sascha. "Landslide generated tsunamis : numerical modeling and real-time prediction." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3298/.

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Submarine landslides can generate local tsunamis posing a hazard to human lives and coastal facilities. Two major related problems are: (i) quantitative estimation of tsunami hazard and (ii) early detection of the most dangerous landslides. This thesis focuses on both those issues by providing numerical modeling of landslide-induced tsunamis and by suggesting and justifying a new method for fast detection of tsunamigenic landslides by means of tiltmeters. Due to the proximity to the Sunda subduction zone, Indonesian coasts are prone to earthquake, but also landslide tsunamis. The aim of the GITEWS-project (German-Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System) is to provide fast and reliable tsunami warnings, but also to deepen the knowledge about tsunami hazards. New bathymetric data at the Sunda Arc provide the opportunity to evaluate the hazard potential of landslide tsunamis for the adjacent Indonesian islands. I present nine large mass movements in proximity to Sumatra, Java, Sumbawa and Sumba, whereof the largest event displaced 20 km³ of sediments. Using numerical modeling, I compute the generated tsunami of each event, its propagation and runup at the coast. Moreover, I investigate the age of the largest slope failures by relating them to the Great 1977 Sumba earthquake. Continental slopes off northwest Europe are well known for their history of huge underwater landslides. The current geological situation west of Spitsbergen is comparable to the continental margin off Norway after the last glaciation, when the large tsunamigenic Storegga slide took place. The influence of Arctic warming on the stability of the Svalbard glacial margin is discussed. Based on new geophysical data, I present four possible landslide scenarios and compute the generated tsunamis. Waves of 6 m height would be capable of reaching northwest Europe threatening coastal areas. I present a novel technique to detect large submarine landslides using an array of tiltmeters, as a possible tool in future tsunami early warning systems. The dislocation of a large amount of sediment during a landslide produces a permanent elastic response of the earth. I analyze this response with a mathematical model and calculate the theoretical tilt signal. Applications to the hypothetical Spitsbergen event and the historical Storegga slide show tilt signals exceeding 1000 nrad. The amplitude of landslide tsunamis is controlled by the product of slide volume and maximal velocity (slide tsunamigenic potential). I introduce an inversion routine that provides slide location and tsunamigenic potential, based on tiltmeter measurements. The accuracy of the inversion and of the estimated tsunami height near the coast depends on the noise level of tiltmeter measurements, the distance of tiltmeters from the slide, and the slide tsunamigenic potential. Finally, I estimate the applicability scope of this method by employing it to known landslide events worldwide.
Submarine Erdrutsche können lokale Tsunamis auslösen und stellen somit eine Gefahr für Siedlungen an der Küste und deren Einwohner dar. Zwei Hauptprobleme sind (i) die quantitative Abschätzung der Gefahr, die von einem Tsunami ausgeht und (ii) das schnelle Erkennen von gefährlichen Rutschungsereignissen. In dieser Doktorarbeit beschäftige ich mich mit beiden Problemen, indem ich Erdrutschtsunamis numerisch modelliere und eine neue Methode vorstelle, in der submarine Erdrutsche mit Hilfe von Tiltmetern detektiert werden. Die Küstengebiete Indonesiens sind wegen der Nähe zur Sunda-Subduktionszone besonders durch Tsunamis gefährdet. Das Ziel des GITEWS-Projektes (Deutsch- Indonesisches Tsunami-Frühwarnsystem) ist es, schnell und verlässlich vor Tsunamis zu warnen, aber auch das Wissen über Tsunamis und ihre Anregung zu vertiefen. Neue bathymetrische Daten am Sundabogen bieten die Möglichkeit, das Gefahrenpotential von Erdrutschtsunamis für die anliegenden indonesischen Inseln zu studieren. Ich präsentiere neun große Rutschungereignisse nahe Sumatra, Java, Sumbawa und Sumba, wobei das größte von ihnen 20 km³ Sediment bewegte. Ich modelliere die Ausbreitung und die Überschwemmung der bei diesen Rutschungen angeregten Tsunamis. Weiterhin untersuche ich das Alter der größten Hanginstabilitäten, indem ich sie zu dem Sumba Erdbeben von 1977 in Beziehung setze. Die Kontinentalhänge im Nordwesten Europa sind für Ihre immensen unterseeischen Rutschungen bekannt. Die gegenwärtige geologische Situation westlich von Spitzbergen ist vergleichbar mit derjenigen des norwegischen Kontinentalhangs nach der letzten Vergletscherung, als der große Tsunamianregende Storegga-Erdrutsch stattfand. Der Einfluss der arktischen Erwärmung auf die Hangstabilität vor Spitzbergen wird untersucht. Basierend auf neuen geophysikalischen Messungen, konstruiere ich vier mögliche Rutschungsszenarien und berechne die entsprechenden Tsunamis. Wellen von 6 Metern Höhe könnten dabei Nordwesteuropa erreichen. Ich stelle eine neue Methode vor, mit der große submarine Erdrutsche mit Hilfe eines Netzes aus Tiltmetern erkannt werden können. Diese Methode könnte in einem Tsunami-Frühwarnsystem angewendet werden. Sie basiert darauf, dass die Bewegung von großen Sedimentmassen während einer Rutschung eine dauerhafte Verformung der Erdoberfläche auslöst. Ich berechne diese Verformung und das einhergehende Tiltsignal. Im Falle der hypothetischen Spitzbergen-Rutschung sowie für das Storegga-Ereignis erhalte ich Amplituden von mehr als 1000 nrad. Die Wellenhöhe von Erdrutschtsunamis wird in erster Linie von dem Produkt aus Volumen und maximaler Rutschungsgeschwindigkeit (dem Tsunamipotential einer Rutschung) bestimmt. Ich führe eine Inversionsroutine vor, die unter Verwendung von Tiltdaten den Ort und das Tsunamipotential einer Rutschung bestimmt. Die Genauigkeit dieser Inversion und damit der vorhergesagten Wellenhöhe an der Küste hängt von dem Fehler der Tiltdaten, der Entfernung zwischen Tiltmeter und Rutschung sowie vom Tsunamipotential ab. Letztlich bestimme ich die Anwendbarkeitsreichweite dieser Methode, indem ich sie auf bekannte Rutschungsereignisse weltweit beziehe.
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Döbeli, Christian. "Das hochalpine Geoökosystem der Gemmi (Walliser Alpen) : eine landschaftsökologische Charakterisierung und der Vergleich mit der arktischen Landschaft (Liefdefjorden, Nordwest-Spitzbergen) ; mit 18 Tabellen /." Basel : Wepf, 2000. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=008936740&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Saalmann, Kerstin. "Geometrie und Kinematik des tertiären Deckenbaus im West-Spitzbergen Falten- und Überschiebungsgürtel, Brøggerhalvøya, Svalbard = Geometry and kinematics of the West Spitsbergen Fold-and-Thrust belt, Brøggerhalvøya, Svalbard /." Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 2000. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/313888280.pdf.

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Rehn, Andreas. "Mineralogical and Geochemical Study of Acid Mine Drainage from 100 Years of Coal Mining in Svalbard (78° N)." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-78714.

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Waste rock piles from coal mining of tertiary bituminous coal in Longyearbyen, Svalbard, show sulfide oxidation and subsequent acid mine drainage (AMD) production. The aim was to establish deeper understanding of AMD prediction based on Mineralogy and Geochemistry of coal and AMD samples. Mineralogical investigation of both coal and rock samples was performed with Automated SEM (ZEISS-Sigma VP300-Mineralogic System) as well as RAMAN. ICP-MS analysis was performed on solid and water samples. The pH from in situ measurements of AMD between 2,5-7,0. Eh varied from 222-569 mV (corresponding pe value of 3,7-9,6). This study showed that time of AMD in an oxidative environment was a key factor in iron concentration and iron speciation the AMD. This could not however be concluded in terms of age of mine site but rather the site-specific setting. The main minerals found in coal samples were pyrite (FeS2), siderite (FeCO3), calcite (CaCO3) and apatite (Ca5(PO4)3). Pyrites were identified with framboidal and euhedral textures and were found inside the maceral matter and in over- and underlying rocks respectively. SEM analysis of coal samples indicated that the modes of mineral formation was changing over the course of the Longyear seam. This study found that framboidal or euhedral textures of pyrite had different impacts in the AMD production. Framboidal pyrite was found to generate a greater amount of acidity than euhedral pyrites due to larger specific surface area and could therefore pose larger problems in AMD management.
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Books on the topic "Spitzbergen"

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Umbreit, Andreas. Spitzbergen Handbuch. Kiel: Stein, 1989.

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Kempen, Barbara. Der völkerrechtliche Status der Inselgruppe Spitzbergen. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1995.

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Butterfield, Nicholas J. Paleobiology of the Neoproterozoic Svanbergfjellet Formation,Spitzbergen. Oslo: Scandinavian University Press, 1994.

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Martens, F., and Isaac de la Peyrere. A Collection of Documents on Spitzbergen and Greenland. Edited by Adam White. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511695803.

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Umbreit, Andreas. Spitzbergen-Handbuch: Mit Franz-Jospeh-Land und Jan Mayen. Kiel: C. Stein, 1994.

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Zinger, Evgeniĭ. Zwischen Nordpol und Europa: Forschungen und Erlebnisse auf Spitzbergen. Leipzig: F.A. Brockhaus, 1987.

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Andreas, Umbreit. Spitzbergen-Handbuch: Mit Franz-Jospeh-Land und Jan Mayen. 4th ed. Kiel: C. Stein, 1996.

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(1990-92), Geowissenschaftliche Spitzbergen-Expedition. Geowissenschaftliche Spitzbergen-Expedition 1990-1992 (SPE 90-92) =: Geoscientific Spitsbergen-Expedition 1990-1992 (SPE 90-92) : Liefde, Wood- und Bockfjord, NW-Spitzbergen. Berlin: Borntraeger, 1994.

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1943-, Blümel Wolf-Dieter, ed. Geowissenschaftliche Spitzbergen-Expedition 1990-1992 (SPE 90-92): Liefde-, Wood- und Bockfjord/NW-Spitzbergen = Geoscientific Spitsbergen-Expedition 1990-1992 (SPE 90-92) : Liefde-, Wood- und Bockfiord NW-Spitsbergen. Berlin: Gebrüder Borntraeger, 1994.

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Tveter, Ka re. Ka re Tveter: Oil paintings and watercolours : landscapes from Spitzbergen and Norway. London: Saga Scandinavian Art, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Spitzbergen"

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Demhardt, Imre Josef. "Spitzbergen." In Geographische Anthologie des 19. Jahrhunderts, 165–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46276-8_13.

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Staniukovich-Denisova, Ekaterina. "Experimental preservation of an arctic settlement Piramida on Spitzbergen." In Architectural Conservation and Restoration in Norway and Russia, 187–201. New York : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315276205-14.

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Gisler, Priska. "Being in Spitzbergen: Teilnehmende Wahrnehmung und Erkenntnisgewinn in einem künstlerischen Forschungsprojekt." In Wahrnehmen als soziale Praxis, 395–417. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-31641-9_16.

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Lundberg, Joyce, and Stein-Erik Lauritzen. "The Search for an Arctic Coastal Karren Model in Norway and Spitzbergen." In Landscapes of Transition, 185–203. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2037-3_9.

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Plisetskaya, Maya. "Spitzbergen." In I, Maya Plisetskaya, 17–22. Yale University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300088571.003.0004.

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Mercer, Wendy S. "Star Status: Rennes and Spitzbergen (1839)." In The Life and Travels of Xavier Marmier (1808-1892). British Academy, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197263884.003.0008.

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On 18 September 1838, while Marmier was still in Sweden, he was appointed, in his absence, to the newly created chair of Foreign Literature at the University of Rennes. This was one of a number of new posts created in an expansion of provincial universities by an initiative of the Ministre de l'Instruction publique, Salvandy. Once back with his parents in Bourgfeld, Marmier learned with great satisfaction that Salvandy would allow him to spend the remainder of the year on sabbatical in Paris. After becoming bored with his post, he urged Gaimard to organise a new expedition. In his expedition in Spitzbergen, the things that struck Marmier most during his contacts with the local population were their hospitality, their honesty, their physical beauty, and their terrible poverty. On the whole, his comments about them are sympathetic and positive, although he condemns the treatment of animals there.
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Mercer, Wendy S. "Into Hostile Territory: Holland and Russia (1840–2)." In The Life and Travels of Xavier Marmier (1808-1892). British Academy, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197263884.003.0009.

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Only a few months after his return from Spitzbergen, Marmier's next journey took him to Holland on a mission for Charles de Rémusat, who at that time was Ministre de l'Intérieur. The mandate from Rémusat was in fact a pretext to allow Marmier to complete his studies on the northern countries, and also to write a book on Dutch literature. The resulting volume of Marmier's Lettres sur la Hollande was dedicated to Rémusat. Early in 1842 Marmier left Paris again, this time heading for Russia, Finland, and Poland. His impressions were recorded in a series of outspoken and highly controversial articles in the Revue des Deux Mondes that were then published in book form under the title Lettres sur la Russie, la Finlande et la Pologne.
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"Story of an Englishman’s winter in Spitzbergen. Reindeer hunting and whaling." In The Life of the Icelander Jón Ólafsson, Traveller to India, Written by Himself and Completed about 1661 A.D., 154–59. Hakluyt Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315556062-22.

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"Voyage to Spitzbergen. The Biscayans. Dealings with English ships. Jón’s mishap in firingsalute." In The Life of the Icelander Jón Ólafsson, Traveller to India, Written by Himself and Completed about 1661 A.D., 147–53. Hakluyt Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315556062-21.

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"Retracted: Exotische Tiere, Erze aus Spitzbergen und Humanpräparate. NS-Provenienzrecherche im Übersee-Museum Bremen." In Provenienzforschung in deutschen Sammlungen, 59–68. De Gruyter, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110619768-013.

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Conference papers on the topic "Spitzbergen"

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Polukhin, Alexander, Alexander Polukhin, Evgeniy Yakushev, Evgeniy Yakushev, Petr Makkaveev, Petr Makkaveev, Elizaveta Protsenko, et al. "INFLUENCE OF MELTING GLACIERS ON HYDROCHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF COASTAL EOCOSYSTEM OF WESTERN SPITZBERGEN." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b431598a52a.

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The goal of this work was to evaluate a potential influence of the melting glacier on the hydrochemistry of the surrounding coastal waters. The studies were based on 2 expeditions to the Tempelfjord (Western Spitzbergen) performed in winter 2014 and in summer 2015 when there were measured hydrophysical, chemical and biological parameters in the sea water, coastal discharge and the sea ice. Obtained results of the research show that the glacier runoff has a clear impact on the hydrochemical structure of the fjord waters not only in warm season, but in cold seasons as well.
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2

Polukhin, Alexander, Alexander Polukhin, Evgeniy Yakushev, Evgeniy Yakushev, Petr Makkaveev, Petr Makkaveev, Elizaveta Protsenko, et al. "INFLUENCE OF MELTING GLACIERS ON HYDROCHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF COASTAL EOCOSYSTEM OF WESTERN SPITZBERGEN." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b946d0f1067.29583184.

Full text
Abstract:
The goal of this work was to evaluate a potential influence of the melting glacier on the hydrochemistry of the surrounding coastal waters. The studies were based on 2 expeditions to the Tempelfjord (Western Spitzbergen) performed in winter 2014 and in summer 2015 when there were measured hydrophysical, chemical and biological parameters in the sea water, coastal discharge and the sea ice. Obtained results of the research show that the glacier runoff has a clear impact on the hydrochemical structure of the fjord waters not only in warm season, but in cold seasons as well.
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3

Steel, R., D. Mellere, and P. Plink-Bjorklund. "Deepwater Sands Associated With Shelf-Slope-Basin Floor Clinoforms in the Eocene Central Basin of Spitzbergen." In EAGE/AAPG 3rd Research Symposium - Developing and Managing Turbidite Reservoirs. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201406581.

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4

Peechanatt, Jino, Bjarte O. Kvamme, Ove T. Gudmestad, and Yaaseen A. Amith. "Heat Loss of Heated Deck Elements in Cross-Flow Wind." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61588.

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Abstract:
In recent years, there has been unprecedented interest shown in the Arctic region by the industry, as it has become increasingly accessible for oil and gas exploration, shipping, and tourism. The decrease in ice extent in the Arctic has renewed the interest in the Northern Sea route, necessitating further research to evaluate the adequacy of the equipment and appliances used on vessels traversing in polar waters. The introduction of the Polar Code by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) attempts to mitigate some of the risks endangering the vessels in Polar waters. The Polar Code is scheduled to take effect on 01.01.2017, and applies to all vessels traversing in polar waters. One of the requirements in the Polar Code is that means shall be provided to remove or prevent accretion of snow and/or ice from escape routes, embarkation areas and access points. Even though, prior to the formulation of Polar Code, the requirement for de-icing the deck surfaces on vessels already exists, the suitability of the equipment currently in use is debatable. Large amounts of energy is required to maintain an ice-free surface, which is not desirable economically or environmentally, due to the substantial increase in fuel consumption. In this study, a heated deck element manufactured by GMC Maritime AS is subjected to cross flow wind of 5 m/s, 10 m/s and 15 m/s at various sub-zero temperatures in GMC Maritime AS’s climate laboratory in Stavanger, Norway. The deck element is rated to 1400 W / m2, and is one of the designs provided by GMC Maritime AS. The power consumption of the deck element is measured and compared to theoretical heat loss calculations. Large discrepancies between the measured power consumption and the theoretical heat loss were discovered, indicating the need for further studies on the matter. As part of SARex Spitzbergen 2016, a search and rescue exercise conducted off North Spitzbergen, heated deck elements on board the Norwegian Coast Guard Vessel KV Svalbard were studied and are discussed in this paper. The heating elements in the deck elements were designed to specifications at the time of commissioning, but proves insufficient when the vessel is in transit or exposed to slight winds, allowing snow and ice to accumulate on the surface. Finally, suggestions for a more energy efficient design of deck elements are made, as the current designs are found to have potential for improvement, especially due to the lack of insulation between the deck elements and the hull of the vessel.
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