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Journal articles on the topic 'Spliced leader'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Stover, Nicholas A., Michelle S. Kaye, and Andre R. O. Cavalcanti. "Spliced leader trans-splicing." Current Biology 16, no. 1 (2006): R8—R9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.12.019.

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2

Pettitt, Jonathan, Neale Harrison, Ian Stansfield, Bernadette Connolly, and Berndt Müller. "The evolution of spliced leader trans-splicing in nematodes." Biochemical Society Transactions 38, no. 4 (2010): 1125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0381125.

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Spliced leader trans-splicing occurs in many primitive eukaryotes including nematodes. Most of our knowledge of trans-splicing in nematodes stems from the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans and relatives, and from work with Ascaris. Our investigation of spliced leader trans-splicing in distantly related Dorylaimia nematodes indicates that spliced-leader trans-splicing arose before the nematode phylum and suggests that the spliced leader RNA gene complements in extant nematodes have evolved from a common ancestor with a diverse set of spliced leader RNA genes.

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3

Lall, Sabbi, Cassandra C. Friedman, Marzena Jankowska-Anyszka, Janusz Stepinski, Edward Darzynkiewicz, and Richard E. Davis. "Contribution of Trans-splicing, 5′ -Leader Length, Cap-Poly(A) Synergism, and Initiation Factors to Nematode Translation in anAscaris suumEmbryo Cell-free System." Journal of Biological Chemistry 279, no. 44 (2004): 45573–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m407475200.

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Trans-splicing introduces a common 5′ 22-nucleotide sequence with anN-2,2,7-trimethylguanosine cap (m2,2,73GpppG or TMG-cap) to more than 70% of transcripts in the nematodesCaenorhabditis elegansandAscaris suum. Using anAscarisembryo cell-free translation system, we found that the TMG-cap and spliced leader sequence synergistically collaborate to promote efficient translation, whereas addition of either a TMG-cap or spliced leader sequence alone decreased reporter activity. We cloned anA. suumembryoeIF4Ehomolog and demonstrate that this recombinant protein can bind m7G- and TMG-capped mRNAs in

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4

Hury, Avraham, Hanoch Goldshmidt, Itai Dov Tkacz, and Shulamit Michaeli. "Trypanosome Spliced-Leader-Associated RNA (SLA1) Localization and Implications for Spliced-Leader RNA Biogenesis." Eukaryotic Cell 8, no. 1 (2008): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00322-08.

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ABSTRACT Spliced-leader-associated RNA (SLA1) guides the pseudouridylation at position −12 (relative to the 5′ splice site) of the spliced-leader (SL) RNA in all trypanosomatid species. Nevertheless, the exact role of this RNA is currently unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the absence of pseudouridine on Leptomonas collosoma SL RNA has only a minor effect on the ability of this RNA to function in trans splicing in vivo. To investigate the possible role of SLA1 during SL RNA biogenesis, the structure of the SL RNA was examined in permeable Trypanosoma brucei cells depleted for CBF5, the H/ACA

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5

Dossin, Fernando de Macedo, and Sergio Schenkman. "Actively Transcribing RNA Polymerase II Concentrates on Spliced Leader Genes in the Nucleus of Trypanosoma cruzi." Eukaryotic Cell 4, no. 5 (2005): 960–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.4.5.960-970.2005.

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ABSTRACT RNA polymerase II of trypanosomes, early diverging eukaryotes, transcribes long polycistronic messages, which are not capped but are processed by trans-splicing and polyadenylation to form mature mRNAs. The same RNA polymerase II also transcribes the genes coding for the spliced leader RNA, which are capped, exported to the cytoplasm, processed, and reimported into the nucleus before they are used as splicing donors to form mRNAs from pre-mRNA polycistronic transcripts. As pre-mRNA and spliced leader transcription events appear to be uncoupled, we studied how the RNA polymerase II is

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6

Zeiner, Gusti M., Silvie Foldynová, Nancy R. Sturm, Julius Lukeš, and David A. Campbell. "SmD1 Is Required for Spliced Leader RNA Biogenesis." Eukaryotic Cell 3, no. 1 (2004): 241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.3.1.241-244.2004.

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ABSTRACT The Sm-binding site of the kinetoplastid spliced leader RNA has been implicated in accurate spliced leader RNA maturation and trans-splicing competence. In Trypanosoma brucei, RNA interference-mediated knockdown of SmD1 caused defects in spliced leader RNA maturation, displaying aberrant 3′-end formation, partial formation of cap 4, and overaccumulation in the cytoplasm; U28 pseudouridylation was unaffected.

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7

Conrad, R., J. Thomas, J. Spieth, and T. Blumenthal. "Insertion of part of an intron into the 5' untranslated region of a Caenorhabditis elegans gene converts it into a trans-spliced gene." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 4 (1991): 1921–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.4.1921-1926.1991.

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In nematodes, the RNA products of some genes are trans-spliced to a 22-nucleotide spliced leader (SL), while the RNA products of other genes are not. In Caenorhabditis elegans, there are two SLs, SL1 and SL2, donated by two distinct small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles in a process functionally quite similar to nuclear intron removal. We demonstrate here that it is possible to convert a non-trans-spliced gene into a trans-spliced gene by placement of an intron missing only the 5' splice site into the 5' untranslated region. Stable transgenic strains were isolated expressing a gene in whic

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8

Conrad, R., J. Thomas, J. Spieth, and T. Blumenthal. "Insertion of part of an intron into the 5' untranslated region of a Caenorhabditis elegans gene converts it into a trans-spliced gene." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 4 (1991): 1921–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.4.1921.

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In nematodes, the RNA products of some genes are trans-spliced to a 22-nucleotide spliced leader (SL), while the RNA products of other genes are not. In Caenorhabditis elegans, there are two SLs, SL1 and SL2, donated by two distinct small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles in a process functionally quite similar to nuclear intron removal. We demonstrate here that it is possible to convert a non-trans-spliced gene into a trans-spliced gene by placement of an intron missing only the 5' splice site into the 5' untranslated region. Stable transgenic strains were isolated expressing a gene in whic

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9

Liou, R. F., and T. Blumenthal. "trans-spliced Caenorhabditis elegans mRNAs retain trimethylguanosine caps." Molecular and Cellular Biology 10, no. 4 (1990): 1764–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.10.4.1764-1768.1990.

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The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has an unusual small nuclear RNA, containing a 100-nucleotide RNA molecule, spliced leader RNA, which donates its 5' 22 nucleotides to a variety of recipient RNAs by a trans-splicing reaction. The spliced leader RNA has a 5' trimethylguanosine (TMG) cap, which becomes the 5' end of trans-spliced mRNAs. We found that mature trans-spliced mRNAs were immunoprecipitable with anti-TMG cap antibodies and that TMG-containing dinucleotides specifically competed with the trans-spliced mRNAs for antibody binding. We also found that these mRNAs retained their TMG caps

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10

Liou, R. F., and T. Blumenthal. "trans-spliced Caenorhabditis elegans mRNAs retain trimethylguanosine caps." Molecular and Cellular Biology 10, no. 4 (1990): 1764–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.10.4.1764.

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The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has an unusual small nuclear RNA, containing a 100-nucleotide RNA molecule, spliced leader RNA, which donates its 5' 22 nucleotides to a variety of recipient RNAs by a trans-splicing reaction. The spliced leader RNA has a 5' trimethylguanosine (TMG) cap, which becomes the 5' end of trans-spliced mRNAs. We found that mature trans-spliced mRNAs were immunoprecipitable with anti-TMG cap antibodies and that TMG-containing dinucleotides specifically competed with the trans-spliced mRNAs for antibody binding. We also found that these mRNAs retained their TMG caps

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11

Pettitt, J., B. Muller, I. Stansfield, and B. Connolly. "Spliced leader trans-splicing in the nematode Trichinella spiralis uses highly polymorphic, noncanonical spliced leaders." RNA 14, no. 4 (2008): 760–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1261/rna.948008.

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12

Lenardo, M. J., D. M. Dorfman, and J. E. Donelson. "The spliced leader sequence of Trypanosoma brucei has a potential role as a cap donor structure." Molecular and Cellular Biology 5, no. 9 (1985): 2487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.5.9.2487-2490.1985.

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Trypanosoma brucei brucei and other trypanosomatid species are unique among eucaryotes because transcription of their protein-coding genes is discontinuous. The 5' ends of their mRNAs consist of an identical 35-nucleotide spliced leader which is encoded at a separate locus from that for the body of the protein-coding transcript. We show here that the spliced leader transcript contains a 5' cap structure and suggest that at least one function of the spliced leader sequence is to provide a cap structure to trypanosome mRNAs.

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13

Lenardo, M. J., D. M. Dorfman, and J. E. Donelson. "The spliced leader sequence of Trypanosoma brucei has a potential role as a cap donor structure." Molecular and Cellular Biology 5, no. 9 (1985): 2487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.5.9.2487.

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Trypanosoma brucei brucei and other trypanosomatid species are unique among eucaryotes because transcription of their protein-coding genes is discontinuous. The 5' ends of their mRNAs consist of an identical 35-nucleotide spliced leader which is encoded at a separate locus from that for the body of the protein-coding transcript. We show here that the spliced leader transcript contains a 5' cap structure and suggest that at least one function of the spliced leader sequence is to provide a cap structure to trypanosome mRNAs.

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14

Van Doren, K., and D. Hirsh. "mRNAs that mature through trans-splicing in Caenorhabditis elegans have a trimethylguanosine cap at their 5' termini." Molecular and Cellular Biology 10, no. 4 (1990): 1769–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.10.4.1769-1772.1990.

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Approximately 10% of the mRNAs in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans mature through a trans-splicing mechanism that involves the transfer of a 22-nucleotide spliced leader to the 5' end of the pre-mRNA. The spliced leader RNA exists as a small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle and has the trimethylguanosine cap that is characteristic of eucaryotic small nuclear RNAs. We found that the trimethylguanosine cap present on the spliced leader RNA was transferred to the pre-mRNA during the trans-splicing reaction. Thereafter, the trimethylguanosine cap was maintained on the mature mRNA. This is the

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15

Van Doren, K., and D. Hirsh. "mRNAs that mature through trans-splicing in Caenorhabditis elegans have a trimethylguanosine cap at their 5' termini." Molecular and Cellular Biology 10, no. 4 (1990): 1769–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.10.4.1769.

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Approximately 10% of the mRNAs in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans mature through a trans-splicing mechanism that involves the transfer of a 22-nucleotide spliced leader to the 5' end of the pre-mRNA. The spliced leader RNA exists as a small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle and has the trimethylguanosine cap that is characteristic of eucaryotic small nuclear RNAs. We found that the trimethylguanosine cap present on the spliced leader RNA was transferred to the pre-mRNA during the trans-splicing reaction. Thereafter, the trimethylguanosine cap was maintained on the mature mRNA. This is the

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16

Zhang, H., Y. Hou, L. Miranda, et al. "Spliced leader RNA trans-splicing in dinoflagellates." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104, no. 11 (2007): 4618–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0700258104.

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17

Joshua, George W. P., Ray Y. Chuang, Soo C. Cheng, Shu F. Lin, Rocky S. Tuan, and Ching C. Wang. "The spliced leader gene of Angiostrongylus cantonensis." Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 46, no. 2 (1991): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-6851(91)90045-8.

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18

Zhang, Huan, and Senjie Lin. "Retrieval of Missing Spliced Leader in Dinoflagellates." PLoS ONE 4, no. 1 (2009): e4129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0004129.

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19

Zayas, Ricardo M., Tyler D. Bold, and Phillip A. Newmark. "Spliced-Leader trans-Splicing in Freshwater Planarians." Molecular Biology and Evolution 22, no. 10 (2005): 2048–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msi200.

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20

Hirsh, David. "Operons in eukaryotes follow the spliced leader." Nature 372, no. 6503 (1994): 222–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/372222a0.

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21

Davis, R. E. "Spliced leader RNA trans-splicing in metazoa." Parasitology Today 12, no. 1 (1996): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-4758(96)80643-0.

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22

Bruzik, James P., and Tom Maniatis. "Spliced leader RNAs from lower eukaryotes are trans- spliced in mammalian cells." Nature 360, no. 6405 (1992): 692–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/360692a0.

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23

Patzelt, E., K. L. Perry, and N. Agabian. "Mapping of branch sites in trans-spliced pre-mRNAs of Trypanosoma brucei." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 10 (1989): 4291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.10.4291-4297.1989.

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The process of trans splicing is essential to the maturation of all mRNAs in the Trypanosomatidae, a family of protozoan parasites, and to specific mRNAs in several species of nematode. In Trypanosoma brucei, a 39-nucleotide (nt) leader sequence originating from a small, 139-nt donor RNA (the spliced leader [SL] RNA) is spliced to the 5' end of mRNAs. An intermediate in this trans-splicing process is a Y structure which contains the 3' 100 nt of the SL RNA covalently linked to the pre-mRNA via a 2'-5' phosphodiester bond at the branch point residue. We mapped the branch points in T. brucei alp

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24

Patzelt, E., K. L. Perry, and N. Agabian. "Mapping of branch sites in trans-spliced pre-mRNAs of Trypanosoma brucei." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 10 (1989): 4291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.10.4291.

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The process of trans splicing is essential to the maturation of all mRNAs in the Trypanosomatidae, a family of protozoan parasites, and to specific mRNAs in several species of nematode. In Trypanosoma brucei, a 39-nucleotide (nt) leader sequence originating from a small, 139-nt donor RNA (the spliced leader [SL] RNA) is spliced to the 5' end of mRNAs. An intermediate in this trans-splicing process is a Y structure which contains the 3' 100 nt of the SL RNA covalently linked to the pre-mRNA via a 2'-5' phosphodiester bond at the branch point residue. We mapped the branch points in T. brucei alp

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25

O'Connor, J. P., and C. L. Peebles. "In vivo pre-tRNA processing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 1 (1991): 425–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.1.425-439.1991.

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We have surveyed intron-containing RNAs of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by filter hybridization with pre-tRNA intron-specific oligonucleotide probes. We have classified various RNAs as pre-tRNAs, splicing intermediates, or excised intron products according to apparent size and structure. Linear, excised intron products were detected, and one example was isolated and sequenced directly. Additional probes designed to detect other precursor sequences were used to verify the identification of several intermediates. Pre-tRNA species with both 5' leader and 3' extension, with 3' extension only

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26

O'Connor, J. P., and C. L. Peebles. "In vivo pre-tRNA processing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 1 (1991): 425–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.1.425.

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We have surveyed intron-containing RNAs of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by filter hybridization with pre-tRNA intron-specific oligonucleotide probes. We have classified various RNAs as pre-tRNAs, splicing intermediates, or excised intron products according to apparent size and structure. Linear, excised intron products were detected, and one example was isolated and sequenced directly. Additional probes designed to detect other precursor sequences were used to verify the identification of several intermediates. Pre-tRNA species with both 5' leader and 3' extension, with 3' extension only

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27

Nordqvist, K., K. Ohman, and G. Akusjärvi. "Human adenovirus encodes two proteins which have opposite effects on accumulation of alternatively spliced mRNAs." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, no. 1 (1994): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.1.437-445.1994.

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All mRNAs expressed from the adenovirus major late transcription unit have a common, 201-nucleotide-long 5' leader sequence, which consists of three short exons (the tripartite leader). This leader has two variants, either with or without the i-leader exon, which, when present, is spliced between the second and the third exons of the tripartite leader. Previous studies have shown that adenovirus early region 4 (E4) encodes two proteins, E4 open reading frame 3 (E4-ORF3) and E4-ORF6, which are required for efficient expression of mRNAs from the major late transcription unit. These two E4 protei

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28

Nordqvist, K., K. Ohman, and G. Akusjärvi. "Human adenovirus encodes two proteins which have opposite effects on accumulation of alternatively spliced mRNAs." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, no. 1 (1994): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.1.437.

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All mRNAs expressed from the adenovirus major late transcription unit have a common, 201-nucleotide-long 5' leader sequence, which consists of three short exons (the tripartite leader). This leader has two variants, either with or without the i-leader exon, which, when present, is spliced between the second and the third exons of the tripartite leader. Previous studies have shown that adenovirus early region 4 (E4) encodes two proteins, E4 open reading frame 3 (E4-ORF3) and E4-ORF6, which are required for efficient expression of mRNAs from the major late transcription unit. These two E4 protei

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29

Campbell, D. A., N. R. Sturm, and M. C. Yu. "Transcription of the Kinetoplastid Spliced Leader RNA Gene." Parasitology Today 16, no. 2 (2000): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-4758(99)01545-8.

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30

Piecyk, Karolina, Richard E. Davis, and Marzena Jankowska-Anyszka. "5′-Terminal chemical capping of spliced leader RNAs." Tetrahedron Letters 53, no. 36 (2012): 4843–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.06.127.

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31

Redmond, Diane L., and David P. Knox. "Haemonchus contortus SL2 trans-spliced RNA leader sequence." Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 117, no. 1 (2001): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-6851(01)00331-0.

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32

Glodring, A., M. Karchi, and S. Michaeli. "The Spliced Leader RNA Gene of Leptomonas collosoma." Experimental Parasitology 80, no. 2 (1995): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/expr.1995.1041.

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33

Brehm, Klaus, Kerstin Hubert, Edda Sciutto, Teresa Garate, and Matthias Frosch. "Characterization of a spliced leader gene and of trans-spliced mRNAs from Taenia solium." Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 122, no. 1 (2002): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-6851(02)00074-9.

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34

Cohen, Leah S., Claudette Mikhli, Xinfu Jiao, Megerditch Kiledjian, Glenna Kunkel, and Richard E. Davis. "Dcp2 Decaps m2,2,7GpppN-Capped RNAs, and Its Activity Is Sequence and Context Dependent." Molecular and Cellular Biology 25, no. 20 (2005): 8779–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.25.20.8779-8791.2005.

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ABSTRACT Hydrolysis of the mRNA cap plays a pivotal role in initiating and completing mRNA turnover. In nematodes, mRNA metabolism and cap-interacting proteins must deal with two populations of mRNAs, spliced leader trans-spliced mRNAs with a trimethylguanosine cap and non-trans-spliced mRNAs with a monomethylguanosine cap. We describe here the characterization of nematode Dcp1 and Dcp2 proteins. Dcp1 was inactive in vitro on both free cap and capped RNA and did not significantly enhance Dcp2 activity. Nematode Dcp2 is an RNA-decapping protein that does not bind cap and is not inhibited by cap

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35

Stover, N. A., and R. E. Steele. "Trans-spliced leader addition to mRNAs in a cnidarian." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98, no. 10 (2001): 5693–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.101049998.

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36

Goncharov, I. "Structure-function analysis of the trypanosomatid spliced leader RNA." Nucleic Acids Research 26, no. 9 (1998): 2200–2207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/26.9.2200.

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37

Sturm, Nancy R., Jacob Fleischmann, and David A. Campbell. "Efficienttrans-Splicing of Mutated Spliced Leader Exons inLeishmania tarentolae." Journal of Biological Chemistry 273, no. 30 (1998): 18689–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.273.30.18689.

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38

Bektesh, S. L., and D. I. Hirsh. "C.elegansmRNAs acquire a spliced leader through atrans-splicing mechanism." Nucleic Acids Research 16, no. 12 (1988): 5692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/16.12.5692.

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39

Pouchkina-Stantcheva, Natalia N., and Alan Tunnacliffe. "Spliced Leader RNA–Mediated trans-Splicing in Phylum Rotifera." Molecular Biology and Evolution 22, no. 6 (2005): 1482–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msi139.

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40

Xu, Yu-xin, Li Liu, and Shulamit Michaeli. "Functional Analyses of Positions across the 5′ Splice Site of the Trypanosomatid Spliced Leader RNA." Journal of Biological Chemistry 275, no. 36 (2000): 27883–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m000639200.

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41

Ferguson, Kimberly C., and Joel H. Rothman. "Alterations in the Conserved SL1trans-Spliced Leader of Caenorhabditis elegansDemonstrate Flexibility in Length and Sequence Requirements In Vivo." Molecular and Cellular Biology 19, no. 3 (1999): 1892–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.19.3.1892.

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ABSTRACT Approximately 70% of mRNAs in Caenorhabditis elegansare trans spliced to conserved 21- to 23-nucleotide leader RNAs. While the function of SL1, the major C. elegans trans-spliced leader, is unknown, SL1 RNA, which contains this leader, is essential for embryogenesis. Efforts to characterize in vivo requirements of the SL1 leader sequence have been severely constrained by the essential role of the corresponding DNA sequences in SL1 RNA transcription. We devised a heterologous expression system that circumvents this problem, making it possible to probe the length and sequence requiremen

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42

Schürch, N., A. Hehl, E. Vassella, R. Braun, and I. Roditi. "Accurate polyadenylation of procyclin mRNAs in Trypanosoma brucei is determined by pyrimidine-rich elements in the intergenic regions." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, no. 6 (1994): 3668–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.6.3668-3675.1994.

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Polycistronic precursor RNAs from trypanosomes are processed into monocistronic mRNAs by the excision of intergenic sequences and the addition of a 39-nucleotide spliced leader by trans splicing. These mRNAs are also polyadenylated, yet they do not contain the hexamer AAUAAA within their 3' untranslated regions (UTRs). To identify the signals required for the accurate polyadenylation of mRNAs, we tested the effects of deletions in either the procyclin 3' UTR or the downstream intergenic region on the polyadenylation of transcripts from a reporter gene. Deletion of the entire 3' UTR does not af

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43

Schürch, N., A. Hehl, E. Vassella, R. Braun, and I. Roditi. "Accurate polyadenylation of procyclin mRNAs in Trypanosoma brucei is determined by pyrimidine-rich elements in the intergenic regions." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, no. 6 (1994): 3668–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.6.3668.

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Polycistronic precursor RNAs from trypanosomes are processed into monocistronic mRNAs by the excision of intergenic sequences and the addition of a 39-nucleotide spliced leader by trans splicing. These mRNAs are also polyadenylated, yet they do not contain the hexamer AAUAAA within their 3' untranslated regions (UTRs). To identify the signals required for the accurate polyadenylation of mRNAs, we tested the effects of deletions in either the procyclin 3' UTR or the downstream intergenic region on the polyadenylation of transcripts from a reporter gene. Deletion of the entire 3' UTR does not af

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44

Abbink, Truus E. M., and Ben Berkhout. "RNA Structure Modulates Splicing Efficiency at the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Major Splice Donor." Journal of Virology 82, no. 6 (2007): 3090–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01479-07.

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ABSTRACT The untranslated leader of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA genome encodes essential sequence and structural motifs that control various replication steps. The 5′ splice site or splice donor (SD) is embedded in a semistable hairpin, but the function of this structure is unknown. We stabilized this SD hairpin by creating an additional base pair and demonstrated a severe HIV-1 replication defect. A splicing defect was apparent in RNA analyses of virus-infected cells and cells transfected with appropriate reporter constructs. We selected multiple virus revertants in se

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Malik, Harmit S., and Thomas H. Eickbush. "NeSL-1, an Ancient Lineage of Site-Specific Non-LTR Retrotransposons From Caenorhabditis elegans." Genetics 154, no. 1 (2000): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/154.1.193.

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Abstract Phylogenetic analyses of non-LTR retrotransposons suggest that all elements can be divided into 11 lineages. The 3 oldest lineages show target site specificity for unique locations in the genome and encode an endonuclease with an active site similar to certain restriction enzymes. The more “modern” non-LTR lineages possess an apurinic endonuclease-like domain and generally lack site specificity. The genome sequence of Caenorhabditis elegans reveals the presence of a non-LTR retrotransposon that resembles the older elements, in that it contains a single open reading frame with a carbox

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Song, Yue, Bahareh Zaheri, Min Liu, et al. "Fugacium Spliced Leader Genes Identified from Stranded RNA-Seq Datasets." Microorganisms 7, no. 6 (2019): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7060171.

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Trans-splicing mechanisms have been documented in many lineages that are widely distributed phylogenetically, including dinoflagellates. The spliced leader (SL) sequence itself is conserved in dinoflagellates, although its gene sequences and arrangements have diversified within or across different species. In this study, we present 18 Fugacium kawagutii SL genes identified from stranded RNA-seq reads. These genes typically have a single SL but can contain several partial SLs with lengths ranging from 103 to 292 bp. Unexpectedly, we find the SL gene transcripts contain sequences upstream of the

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HEARNE, JENNIFER L., and JOSEPH S. PITULA. "Identification of Two Spliced Leader RNA Transcripts from Perkinsus marinus." Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 58, no. 3 (2011): 266–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2011.00538.x.

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Gibson, Wendy, Lewis Bingle, Wim Blendeman, Julia Brown, James Wood, and Jamie Stevens. "Structure and sequence variation of the trypanosome spliced leader transcript☆." Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 107, no. 2 (2000): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-6851(00)00193-6.

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Stratford, Rebecca, and Robert Shields. "A trans-spliced leader RNA sequence in plant parasitic nematodes." Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 67, no. 1 (1994): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-6851(94)90104-x.

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Teixeira, Marta M. G., Myrna G. Serrano, Luiz R. Nunes, Marta Campaner, Gregory A. Buck, and Erney P. Camargo. "Trypanosomatidae: A Spliced-Leader-Derived Probe Specific for the GenusPhytomonas." Experimental Parasitology 84, no. 3 (1996): 311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/expr.1996.0119.

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