Academic literature on the topic 'Split ends'
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Journal articles on the topic "Split ends"
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Harder, Ben. "Split Ends." Science News 164, no. 3 (2003): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3982097.
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Missildine, Whitney, Jeffrey T. Parsons, and Kelly Knight. "Split Ends." Men and Masculinities 8, no. 3 (2006): 309–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1097184x05282079.
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Mitchell, Alison. "Split ends and hairpins." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 3, no. 4 (2002): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm788.
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Mathur, J. "Protein conditioners for split ends." Current Biology 10, no. 15 (2000): R545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00607-2.
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McNally, Francis J. "Microtubule dynamics: Controlling split ends." Current Biology 9, no. 8 (1999): R274—R276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(99)80177-8.
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Oettinger, Marjorie A. "Hairpins at split ends in DNA." Nature 432, no. 7020 (2004): 960–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/432960b.
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Zhu, Y. D., and B. Avitzur. "Criteria for the Prevention of Split Ends." Journal of Engineering for Industry 110, no. 2 (1988): 162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3187865.
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A criterion for the prevention of split ends (alligatoring) is expressed mathematically. This criteria, t0/R0>1.81×(t0/tf−1) is derived through the extension of an earlier upper bound solution for strip rolling of a perfectly plastic mises material. The treatment is based on the division of the deformation region to a series of triangles, undergoing rigid body rotational motions.
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Jamieson, Catriona. "Split ends in CML: divergent roles of Hes1." Blood 115, no. 14 (2010): 2726–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-12-252585.
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Macleod, Jock. "SPLIT ENDS? LITERATURE AND POLITICS AT THEFIN DE SIECLE." Victorian Literature and Culture 35, no. 2 (2007): 697–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150307051728.
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AS AN UNDERGRADUATE IN THE1970s, my introduction to the 1890s was perfunctory. Squeezed into a couple of weeks in the middle of a year-long course on “Victorian and Modern Literature,” the literature of the decade was reduced to aestheticism and decadence and presented as something of a preliminary to the real business of modernism. Such a focus reflected the scholarship of the time, in which thefin de sièclewas constructed as a moment of transition, one in which the political and socio-ethical dimensions so central to high Victorian literature were evacuated, as arguments for the autonomy of art came to dominate the literary cultural landscape. The organising principle was one of bifurcation: the separating out ofavant gardefrom bourgeois culture, the high from the low and, of particular relevance to this essay, literature from politics.
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Grote, R., and Ü. Niinemets. "Modeling volatile isoprenoid emissions - a story with split ends." Plant Biology 10, no. 1 (2008): 8–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-964975.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Split ends"
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Doroquez, David Bagon. "Characterization of split ends function during Drosophila eye development." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38887.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, 2007.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Pages 327-328 blank.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>Conserved signal transduction pathways coordinate all aspects of metazoan development, including cell fate specification, differentiation, and growth. Rather than functioning as completely independent modules, signaling pathways interface to create a web of specific interactions that a cell integrates in a spatial and temporal manner. The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and Notch pathways are evolutionarily conserved signal transduction mechanisms that interact intimately to regulate a broad spectrum of developmental processes in metazoa. The molecular bases underlying cross-talk and signal integration between these two pathways are just beginning to be elucidated. In this thesis, we have focused on the role of Split ends (Spen), the founding member of a family of transcriptional co-repressors, as a node of cross-talk between the EGFR and Notch signaling pathways during Drosophila eye development. At the morphogenetic furrow (MF), which marks the wave of differentiation that passes through the imaginal disc eye primordium, Notch signaling is required for establishing and refining the expression of proneural Atonal (Ato). Ato promotes the EGFR pathway's reiterative signaling for progressive and sequential recruitment of cells within each ommatidial facet of the eye.<br>(cont.) Previous studies found that spen functioned within or in parallel to the EGFR pathway during midline glial cell development in the embryonic central nervous system. In vertebrates, Spen orthologs function in repressor complexes that antagonize the transcription of Notch pathway targets. The involvement of Spen proteins in EGFR and Notch signaling in these systems thus motivated us to explore the consequences of loss of spen function with respect to each pathway during eye development. Here we report that Spen acts as both a positive regulator of EGFR signaling and as an antagonist of Notch signaling in the eye. We find that loss of spen results in hyper-activation of the Notch pathway via upregulation of the Notch activator Scabrous. This results in loss of Ato and activated MAP kinase at the MF, therefore antagonizing output from the EGFR signaling pathway. As a consequence, there is a failure of cell fate specification in spen mutant ommatidia. These observations suggest that Spen modulates output from the Notch and EGFR pathways to ensure appropriate patterning during eye development. Additionally, we have characterized a transgene encoding nuclear localization sequence-tagged Spen C-terminus that functions as a dominant-negative (SpenDN).<br>(cont.) The Spen C-terminus contains the evolutionarily conserved SPOC domain that is required for transcriptional repression. In order to identify components related to Spen function and to understand the processes in which Spen may be involved, we performed a genetic screen to identify dominant modifiers of the rough-eye associated with eye-expressed SpenDN. Our results confirm interactions with the EGFR and Notch pathways, but also suggest functions for Spen in chromatin regulation and programmed cell death. As Spen-like proteins are involved in human development and disease, it will be important to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism behind Spen function.<br>by David Bagon Doroquez.<br>Ph.D.
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Mace, Kimberly Ann. "Split ends cooperates with Hox proteins to maintain epithelial integrity in the epidermis during embryonic development /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3099927.
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Chen, Fangli 1968. "Characterization of split ends, a new component of the Drosophila epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8579.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, 2001.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>Split ends (spen) was isolated as a strong enhancer of the rough eye phenotype associated with constitutive activation of Yan, implicating spen as a positive regulator of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling pathway. Molecular characterization of spen has revealed that spen encodes a protein with 5476 amino acids. It contains three tandem repeats of an RNA Recognition Motif (RRM) at its N-terminus, suggesting that Spen might function as an RNAbinding protein. Spen also contains a highly conserved SPOC (Spen Pearalogue and Orthologue C-terminal) domain at its C-terminus. Spen-like proteins exist from worms to humans, and they likely define a novel subfamily of RNA-binding proteins based on the RRM sequence similarities. Characterization of spen mutant phenotypes in the context of RTK signaling suggests that spen function is required for normal eye development and wing vein formation, both contexts where RTK signaling has been proven to play important roles. We have focused on the development of Drosophila embryonic midline glial cells (MGCs) and have demonstrated that spen is required for the normal migration and survival of MGCs. Loss of spen leads to aberrant migration and as a consequence, reduced number of midline glial cells. As a result, spen mutant embryos exhibit severe morphology and axonguidance defects in the central nervous system, a phenotype strikingly reminiscent of those seen in spitz group mutants. The phenotypic analysis of spen mutants strongly suggests that spen is a positive regulator of the RTK pathway. Further supporting this hypothesis, we have shown that spen synergistically interacts with pointed. To further investigate the relationship between spen and the RTK pathway, we have generated a dominant negative mutant protein by truncating the C-terminus of Spen including the highly conserved SPOC domain (Spen[Delta]C). Specific overexpression of Spen[Delta]C in the midline glial cells causes lethality, and we have demonstrated that the lethality associated with Spen[Delta]C can be rescued by overexpression of activated Ras vi 2 and activated DER ligand Spitz. Since Spen[Delta]C also suppresses the lethality caused by Ras v12, spen is likely to function genetically downstream of or in parallel to Ras. The implication of a putative RNA-binding protein downstream of the RTK/Ras pathway suggests that there might be post-transcriptional gene regulation mechanisms downstream of Ras to allow the cells quickly and precisely to respond to extracellular signals. In order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying Spen function in the RTK pathway, we have designed a genetic screen to isolate spen-interacting genes. By overexpression of a nuclear-localization-sequence (NLS)-tagged Spen C-terminus (CspenNLS) specifically in the eye, we have generated a rough eye phenotype. Reducing endogenous spen dosage enhances this rough eye phenotype, suggesting that CspenNLS functions as a dominant negative mutant in vivo, possibly by sequestering the spen-interacting proteins. Using this phenotype as a starting background, we screened through the deficiency kit which uncovers - 80% of the Drosophila genome and have isolated 23 enhancing and 27 suppressing regions. Among the modifiers, there are regions uncovering known RTK pathway components, including Draf, sevenless, vein, sevenup, pointed and Ras, consistent with spen functioning as a component of the RTK pathway. Most interestingly, we have isolated multiple overlapping deficiencies as modifiers of CspenNLS, suggesting that these overlapping regions might contain candidate genes directly interacting with spen. Future genetic and biochemical analysis of these candidate genes will likely shed important light on the molecular mechanisms underlying Spen function.<br>by Fangli Chen.<br>Ph.D.
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Rattka, Manuel [Verfasser]. "Das SPlit ENds (SPEN) Gen – in vivo Analyse eines neuen Kandidatengens der dilatativen Kardiomyopathie im Modellorganismus Zebrafisch / Manuel Rattka." Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1176022296/34.
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Querenet, Matthieu. "Rôle de Spen dans la survie cellulaire - Apoptose Développementale et processus neurodégénératifs." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSL0934/document.
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Le gène split end (spen) est impliqué dans de nombreuses voies de signalisation et processus biologiques. Durant ma thèse j'ai étudié le rôle de spen dans la mort cellulaire au cours du développement de la rétine de la Drosophile. L'œil de Drosophile est composé de centaines d'unités appelées ommatidies. Chaque ommatidie est composée de huit photorécepteurs entourés de cellules accessoires comprenant quatre cellules cônes et deux cellules pigmentaires primaires, ainsi que douze cellules interommatidiales. Les cellules interommatidiales adoptent une structure hexagonale parfaitement régulière. Des cellules interommatidiales en excès doivent être éliminées par apoptose au cours du développement. J'ai montré que la modulation de spen modifiait radicalement le patron des cellules interommatidiales. L'inactivation de spen conduit à un défaut de cellules interommatidiales alors que sa surexpression entraîne un excès de ces cellules. Ces résultats témoignent d’un rôle anti-apoptotique de spen. Nous avons aussi montré que la perte des cellules interommatidiales dans un contexte mutant pour spen pouvait être entièrement sauvée en exprimant la protéine p35 connue pour bloquer l'activité des caspases. Comme spen est exprimé de manière ubiquitaire, nous avons cherché à déterminer dans quelles cellules spen jouait son rôle de régulateur de la mort cellulaire. Grâce à une analyse clonale, nous avons pu montrer que c'est au niveau des cellules cônes que spen agit. L'inactivation de spen dans les autres cellules accessoires de l'œil n'influence pas la mort des cellules interommatidiales. Nous avons en outre, montré que spen avait un rôle dans la formation des soies de chaque ommatidie. Ces travaux mettent en évidence un rôle de spen dans le contrôle de la mort cellulaire des cellules interommatidiales dans les cellules cônes. Nos résultats montrent, par ailleurs, que spen serait requis pour le relarguage du facteur de survie Spitz (le ligand activateur de la voie EGF) à partir des cellules cônes. En parallèle, nous avons étudiés le rôle de survie de spen dans un modèle neurodégénératif. Nous avons montré que spen était nécessaire dans les cellules gliales pour la résistance au stress oxydatif. De manière intéressante, nous avons trouvé que l'inactivation de spen dans la glie diminuait l'activité de la voie de signalisation NOTCH. Cette résistance pourrait se faire via la modulation de gènes antioxydants. De manière générale, nos travaux démontrent un rôle du gène split ends dans la survie cellulaire. Ce facteur agit de manière non-autonome à partir des cellules supports de différents organes<br>In metazoan, the successful development of many organs requires the elimination of supernumerary cells by apoptosis. For example, the elimination of about two thousand interommatidial cells (IOCs) during Drosophila eye development allows the precise rearrangement of ommatidia in a perfect hexagonal array. Maximal apoptosis occurs during pupal life and the remaining IOCs differentiate into secondary and tertiary pigment cells. The precise removal of unwanted IOCs requires coordinated activation of Notch (pro-death) and EGF (pro-survival) pathways. IOCs undergoing apoptosis express the IAP inhibitor Hid, which leads to the activation of initiator and effector caspases. However, the mechanisms that coordinate the death and survival pathways for timed and precise IOC removal are poorly understood.Here, we report that spen encodes a nuclear protein expressed in the pupal eye that is required for IOC survival. We showed that the inhibition of spen, by either RNAi or in spen mutant clones resulted in disorganized ommatidia with missing IOCs. Moreover, overexpression of spen leads to extra IOCs. These results indicate that spen expression promotes IOC survival during eye development. Importantly blocking apoptosis prevents the loss of IOC in a spen mutant retina. Spen is a protein known to be ubiquitous in tissue during development. Indeed, we have shown using an enhancer trap line that spen is expressed in all the cells in the eye pupal disk. To better understand where spen is acting from in this tissue to regulate cell death, we performed a clonal analysis. We found that the inactivation of spen in the cone cells was causing the loss of IOC, indicating that spen is required non-autonomously in cone cell for IOC survival. In parallel we have shown that the inactivation of spen was disrupting eye bristles morphology. Even if studies discuss the role of bristles in the regulation of developmental apoptosis in this context, our clonal analysis excluded this possibility. Furthermore, we found that spitz, the EGFR ligand, accumulate in cone cells upon spen inactivation. Our current hypothesis is that spen is likely to be required for the release of Spitz from the cone cells in order to active the survival signaling pathway EGFR in the IOCs. Also, we examined the protective role of spen in a chemical model of Parkinson disease (paraquat treatment). We showed that the glial expression of spen is protective in this context, which suggest against that spen acts non-autonomously. Interestingly we found that the inactivation of spen in glia downregulates the Notch signaling pathway. Spen is likely to be a key factor integrating cues from different signaling pathways to promote cell survival
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Mungur, Utam Avinash Einstein. "Scalability of the locator identity split mapping infrastructure to support end-host mobility." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.658043.
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The current Internet architecture is facing serious scaling problems notably in its routing and addressing system. The TCPIIP stack uses the IP address to identify an endpoint host as well as to serve as a network topological locator. Due to the overloaded semantic of the IP address, mobility is not handled efficiently. Several Locator Identity Split proposals have been developed to decouple the actual semantic of the IP address, separating the endpoint identification and locator functions. For all Locator Identity Split protocols to work a mapping infrastructure is required. However most of the defined solutions tend to focus only on part of the problem space, and usually place end-host mobility aside. We believe that the mapping infrastructure would not scale efficiently with a large number of mobile nodes and would contribute to packet losses while the mobile nodes are moving. This thesis proposes a tiered architecture, which divides the mapping infrastructure into a core mapper and an internal mapper, such that it would scale under is a large number of mobile nodes, store and process their mapping records and provide an up-to-date mapping record. The tiered architecture is implemented using the GSE/8+8 rewriting approach. The core mapper uses a Chord DHT and the internal mapper is a hierarchy of routers with storing and rewriting capability. The tiered architecture is simulated in OMNeT++. The performance of the tiered architecture is evaluated by examining the core mapper and the internal mapper separately by simulating two real network scenarios based on the JANET topology and a University wireless network. The core mapper performance is evaluated against the Domain Name Server (DNS), and the internal mapper is evaluated using the end-host mobility provided by the Host based Identity Protocol (HIP).
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Cha, Jimin Cha. "Memorial museum as a “Perfect End”: reimagining memorial museums through split and continuum." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1543411432609966.
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TAN, Thiago Takumi. "Desenvolvimento de dispositivos para estudo de fratura interlaminar MODO-I e MODO-II de materiais dissimilares." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2017. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/359.
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Previous issue date: 2017-03-13<br>O objetivo desta dissertação foi desenvolver dispositivos que possam ser utilizados para ensaios de fratura interlaminar modo-I e modo-II em materiais dissimilares, para aplicação de cargas dinâmicas. Para o desenvolvimento dos dispositivos foi utilizada uma adaptação da metodologia de projeto apresentada por Maribondo (2000), que consiste em projeto informacional, projeto conceitual, projeto preliminar, projeto detalhado, fabricação e testes. A escolha dos ensaios que podem ser utilizados para obter tais modos de fratura foi realizada com base no estudo de trabalhos acadêmicos, que apontou o ensaio double cantilever beam (DCB), como sendo o mais utilizado para estudo de fratura interlaminar modo-I, e também foi observado o crescimento do uso do ensaio end-loaded split (ELS), para estudo de fratura interlaminar modo-II. Os dispositivos desenvolvidos foram testados em uma máquina de impacto por queda de peso, onde foram utilizados corpos de prova de junta adesiva de alumínio/epóxi. Realizaram-se testes modo-I e modo-II bem-sucedidos, analisando o comportamento dos dispositivos e dos corpos de prova durante o ensaio e após o mesmo.<br>The main objective of this dissertation for the devices that can be used for mode-I and mode-II interlaminar fracture test in dissimilar materials. For the development of devices for design methodology that projects in informational design, conceptual design, preliminary design, detailed design, fabrication and testing. The choice of the tests that can be used to obtain such fracture modes was made based on the study of academic papers, which pointed to the double beam cantilever (DCB) test, as being the most used for the study of interlaminar mode-I, and end-loaded split (ELS) for the study of mode-II interlaminar fracture. The developed devices were tested in a weight drop impact machine, where aluminum / epoxy adhesive joints were used. Testing and analysis of the behavior of the devices and test bodies were carried out during and after the test.
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Delman, Aaron M. "Short and Long-Term Outcomes Associated with Technical Variant Liver Grafts in Pediatric Liver Transplantation: In-Situ versus Ex-Vivo." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1617104663292502.
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Blanco, Villaverde Norbert. "Variable mixed-mode delamination in composite laminates under fatigue conditions: testing & analysis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7760.
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La majoria de les fallades en elements estructurals són degudes a càrrega per fatiga. En conseqüència, la fatiga mecànica és un factor clau per al disseny d'elements mecànics. En el cas de materials compòsits laminats, el procés de fallada per fatiga inclou diferents mecanismes de dany que resulten en la degradació del material. Un dels mecanismes de dany més importants és la delaminació entre capes del laminat. En el cas de components aeronàutics, les plaques de composit estan exposades a impactes i les delaminacions apareixen facilment en un laminat després d'un impacte. Molts components fets de compòsit tenen formes corbes, superposició de capes i capes amb diferents orientacions que fan que la delaminació es propagui en un mode mixt que depen de la grandària de la delaminació. És a dir, les delaminacions generalment es propaguen en mode mixt variable. És per això que és important desenvolupar nous mètodes per caracteritzar el creixement subcrític en mode mixt per fatiga de les delaminacions. El principal objectiu d'aquest treball és la caracterització del creixement en mode mixt variable de les delaminacions en compòsits laminats per efecte de càrregues a fatiga. Amb aquest fi, es proposa un nou model per al creixement per fatiga de la delaminació en mode mixt. Contràriament als models ja existents, el model que es proposa es formula d'acord a la variació no-monotònica dels paràmetres de propagació amb el mode mixt observada en diferents resultats experimentals. A més, es du a terme un anàlisi de l'assaig mixed-mode end load split (MMELS), la característica més important del qual és la variació del mode mixt a mesura que la delaminació creix. Per a aquest anàlisi, es tenen em compte dos mètodes teòrics presents en la literatura. No obstant, les expressions resultants per l'assaig MMELS no són equivalents i les diferències entre els dos mètodes poden ser importants, fins a 50 vegades. Per aquest motiu, en aquest treball es porta a terme un anàlisi alternatiu més acurat del MMELS per tal d'establir una comparació. Aquest anàlisi alternatiu es basa en el mètode dels elements finits i virtual crack closure technique (VCCT). D'aquest anàlisi en resulten importants aspectes a considerar per a la bona caracterització de materials utilitzant l'assaig MMELS. Durant l'estudi s'ha dissenyat i construït un utillatge per l'assaig MMELS. Per a la caracterització experimental de la propagació per fatiga de delaminacions en mode mixt variable s'utilitzen diferents provetes de laminats carboni/epoxy essencialment unidireccionals. També es du a terme un anàlisi fractogràfic d'algunes de les superfícies de fractura per delaminació. Els resultats experimentals són comparats amb les prediccions del model proposat per la propagació per fatiga d'esquerdes interlaminars.<br>Most of the failures in structural elements in use are a consequence of mechanical fatigue. Therefore, fatigue is a decisive factor in designing durable mechanical elements. In laminated composite materials, the fatigue process involves different damage mechanisms that result in the degradation of the material. One of the most important damage mechanisms is the delamination between plies of the laminate. In aeronautical applications, composite plates are sensitive to impact and delamination occurs readily in composite laminates on impact. Many composite components have curved shapes, tapered thickness and plies with different orientations, which make the delamination grow with a mode mix that depends on the extent of the crack. Thus, delaminations generally grow under varying mode mix. It is therefore important to develop methods that can characterise subcritical, mixed-mode growth in fatigue delamination. The main objective of the present investigation is the characterisation of the variable mixed-mode delamination in composite laminates under fatigue conditions. To this end, a mixed-mode fatigue delamination model is proposed. Oppositely to the mixed-mode fatigue delamination models present in the literature, the proposed model takes into account the non-monotonic variation of the propagation parameters with the mode mix observed in different experimental data. Moreover, the mixed-mode end load split (MMELS) test, which main characteristic is that the propagation mode of the interlaminar crack varies with the crack extent, is analysed. Two theoretical approaches present in the literature are considered. However, the resulting expressions for the MMELS test are not equivalent and the differences between approaches can be up to 50 times. A more accurate alternative analysis of the MMELS test is carried out in the present study for comparison. The alternative analysis is based on the finite element method and the virtual crack closure technique. Significant findings are found for precise materials characterisation using the MMELS test. A MMELS test rig is also designed and built. Different specimens of essentially unidirectional carbon/epoxy laminates are tested for the experimental characterisation of fatigue delamination under varying mode mix. A fractographic analysis is also conducted in some of the delaminated fracture surfaces. The experimental results are compared to the predictions of a proposed model for the fatigue propagation of interlaminar cracks.
Books on the topic "Split ends"
More sourcesBook chapters on the topic "Split ends"
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Gooch, Jan W. "Split End." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_11043.
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Hou, Hailong, Aifen Feng, and Rui Gu. "End-Orthodox Graphs Which Are the Join of N Split Graphs." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33030-8_33.
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Cox, Michael. "Another Transatlantic Split? American and European Narratives and the End of the Cold War." In The Post Cold War World. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351140966-4.
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Matulli, Giuseppe. "I cattolici e la politica fra le due guerre. Dalla lotta fra popolarismo e clerico-fascismo alla nascita della Democrazia cristiana." In Studi e saggi. Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-202-7.03.
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In 1870 Rome was conquered without military resistance by the young Italian State, causing the Pope to react by organizing “the Catholic opposition” to the State (which lasted until 1929); it was modified in 1919 when Don Luigi Sturzo founded the “Italian Popular Party”, which was independent from the Church and immediately antifascist. The Pope exiled Don Sturzo, and the Catholic world split into the anti-fascist Popular Party and a prevailing party of clerical-fascist leaning. With the rise of the fascist dictatorship in 1926 the popular experience came to an end. In the fight for liberation, De Gasperi stands out as a figure who would lead, together with the Christian Democracy, the birth of the new republican democracy.
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Spriet, Jan A. "Side-Chain Structure Prediction Based on Dead-End Elimination: Single Split DEE-criterion Implementation and Elimination Power." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39763-2_29.
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Bussooa, Aadarsh, and Avinash Mungur. "Performance Evaluation of the Update Messages of Locator Identifier Split Protocols Using an IP Paging Mechanism at the End Networks." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39445-5_28.
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Vet, Cassandra, Danny Cassimon, and Anne Van de Vijver. "Getting the Short End of the Stick: Power Relations and Their Distributive Outcomes for Lower-Income Countries in Transfer Pricing Governance." In Taxation, International Cooperation and the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64857-2_1.
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AbstractIt is widely recognized that international corporate taxation holds a distributional bias toward advanced economies and that developing countries only play a marginal role in tax governance-making. Yet, it is the ambition of both the G20 and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to integrate developing countries in the BEPS Inclusive Framework. The Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) action is the latest global initiative to update the international framework of corporate taxation and curb corporate tax avoidance. On one hand, the integration for developing countries within the policy-making forums remains incomplete and focused on the implementation of the global tax rules. On the other, even when lower-income countries have a seat at the table, uneven power relations shape the distributional outcomes of the G20-OECD tax reform project. This analysis of the power relations at play during the revision of the transactional profit split method (TPSM) reveals how dominant logics on value creation work against the material interests of developing countries in the distribution of taxing rights. Therefore, for a tax reform to be truly legitimate for developing countries, it should emancipate and even “decolonize” the discourse and ideas of the international tax regime. While the updated OECD guidelines on transfer pricing expanded the size of the overall cake of taxable profits, the dominant logics and criteria of the guidance make it difficult for lower-income countries to obtain a decent slice of the cake and actually eat it.
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Turczyn, Stanisław, and Zbigniew Malinowski. "Split ends and central burst defects in rolling." In Studies in Applied Mechanics. Elsevier, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0922-5382(05)80026-1.
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Schmidt, Vivien A. "Split-Level Legitimacy and Politicization in EU Governance." In Europe's Crisis of Legitimacy. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797050.003.0003.
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Chapter 3 explores the dilemmas of the EU’s “split-level” legitimacy, where output and throughput operate primarily at the EU level and input at the national, and then examines the impact of politicization on both national and EU levels. The chapter begins by considering the EU’s legitimacy problems stemming from the fragmentation of its governing activities, with policies and processes located mainly at the EU level while politics remains national. While the EU has been largely successful in improving legitimacy in all three categories over time, it has faced major challenges to legitimacy. In the Eurozone crisis, citizens’ sense of EU legitimacy has suffered even if their EU-related identity may not have. The chapter then focuses on the EU’s biggest challenge, the politicization of EU governance. After briefly describing the longstanding depoliticization of EU technocratic governance, this section argues that the EU’s politicization has been increasing not only at the bottom, as evidenced by the weakening of mainstream parties to the benefit of populist challengers, or from the bottom up, as national politics influences EU actors, but also at the top, where EU actors have become more politicized. The chapter uses the debates about who is in charge or control of EU governance to show how scholars’ defense of “their” actor through “new” or traditional versions of intergovernmentalism, supranationalism, and parliamentarism actually demonstrates the EU’s increasingly political dynamics of interaction. This chapter ends with the question: Is such politicization a good thing or a bad thing?
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Gingrich, Brian. "Realist Pace." In The Pace of Fiction. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198858287.003.0004.
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Reality principle, reality effect: those two notions—psychoanalytical, narratological, epistemological—have determined our understanding of nineteenth-century literature explicitly for at least half a century. But perhaps they were both, after all, functions of narrative pace. That is what this chapter begins by arguing: that what we consider to be realism is largely a function of pace that mediates between two senses of scene. Scene, like summary, is not an altogether coherent unit. One must acknowledge that it is split between a dramatic-presentational aspect and a pictorial-representational one and that that split is decisive for how realist narrative defines its movement. The central example here is Middlemarch, with Balzac and Flaubert in the near background. But the chapter ends by looking far forward, considering the capacity of narrative fiction to pause and to speak to its reader, from Fielding and Eliot to Joyce, Faulkner, Beckett, Richard Wright, Ralph Ellison, and Toni Morrison.
Conference papers on the topic "Split ends"
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Beisel, Alexander L., and Evgeny S. Sobolev. ""Eastern transfer" as the main argument in favor of the water origin of the ridge relief of the South of Western Siberia." In Недропользование. Горное дело. Направления и технологии поиска, разведки и разработки месторождений полезных ископаемых. Экономика. Геоэкология. Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт нефтегазовой геологии и геофизики им. А.А. Трофимука Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18303/b978-5-4262-0102-6-2020-002.
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New data were obtained in favor of “Eastern transfer” – the transfer of material from the North-East to the South-West during the formation of the ridge system in Late Pleistocene. They consist in two positions: first, they are longitudinal furrows in the axial part of the ridges, which are fan-shaped split at their South-Western ends; second, the inextricable genetic link of the ridge relief with the spillways is confirmed. The Eastern transfer is interpreted as convincing evidence of the water origin of the ridge relief.
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San Andrés, Luis, Xueliang Lu, Bonjin Koo, and Scott Tran. "On the Effect of the Gap of End Seals on Force Coefficients of a Test Integral Squeeze Film Damper: Experiments and Predictions." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-14182.
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Abstract An integral squeeze film damper (ISFD) offers the advantages of a lower number of parts, a shorter axial span, a lighter weight, a split manufacturing and high precision on its film clearance construction. An ISFD does not only add damping to reduce shaft vibration amplitudes and to enhance the stability of a rotor-bearing system but also can be used to tune a rotor-bearing system natural frequency, and thus increasing the operational safety margin between the running shaft speed and the system critical speed. In spite of the numerous commercial applications, the archival literature is scant as per the experimental quantification of force coefficients for ISFDs. This paper details the results of an experimental and analytical endeavor to quantify and to predict the dynamic force coefficients of an ISFD, hence bridging the gap between theory and practice. With an axial length of 76 mm, the test damper element has four arcuate film lands, 73° in arc extent at a diameter of 157 mm, and each with a clearance (c) equaling to 0.353 mm. As is customary, the damper has its axial ends sealed with end plates produced by a set of installed shims giving an axial gap (d) equal to 1.5c, 1.21c, and 0.8c. A baseline configuration, namely open ends, is also tested without the end seals in place. In the test rig, the ISFD and its housing are flexibly mounted while the rotor is rigid and stationary (no spinning). The lubricant is an ISO VG46 oil supplied at a low pressure, 1 to 2 bar(g) and ∼ 47 °C inlet temperature, typical of compressor applications. The test procedure applies static loads on the ISFD and records the bearing static offset or eccentricity to verify the structure stiffness, and meanwhile, individual hydraulic shakers deliver dynamic loads along two orthogonal directions to produce motions over a set frequency range, 10 Hz to 160 Hz. The ISFD produces direct damping and inertia that increase with the journal static eccentricity albeit at a lower rate than predictions from a computational squeeze film flow model that includes lubricant compressibility. The end seals are effective in significantly raising the damping coefficient while reducing the oil through flow rate. The damper with the tightest sealed ends (d = 0.8c) shows nearly 20 times more damping that the open ends ISFD albeit also revealing a significant stiffness hardening (negative virtual mass) as the excitation frequency increases. On the contrary, the open ends ISFD and the sealed ends configurations with gaps d = 1.21c and 1.5c produce a (positive) virtual mass that exceeds the test element physical mass and thus softens the test element direct dynamic stiffness. For the configurations with loose end seals (d = 1.21c or larger to open ends), the model predicts well the damping coefficients but under predicts the added masses by 50% or more. Note this virtual mass coefficient, largely ignored in practice, can make the test element either extremely stiff as with the sealed damper configuration with the smallest gap d = 0.8c, or very soft as with the ISFD with end seals gap = 1.21c or 1.5c. Hence, designers are cautioned not to pursue overly tight end sealed dampers as the mineral lubricant, nearly incompressible though always having a small amount of entrapped gas, may behave distinctly when confined to a squeezed film volume and having no adequate routes to escape or flow through.
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Chen, Jianhui, Huancheng Qu, Ping Li, Yage Li, Yonghui Xie, and Di Zhang. "Numerical Study on Flow Separation Control for High-Lift Low-Pressure Turbine Split Blade." In ASME 2013 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2013-16537.
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The low-pressure high-lift blade aims to reduce blades number for reducing manufacturing cost, but the flow separation is easy to appear on the boundary layer of low-pressure turbine cascade under operating condition with low Reynolds number, which will significantly decreases the efficiency and safety of turbine blade and even the whole engine. Flow control on boundary layer of the cascade can reduce flow separation and improve the aerodynamic performance of low-pressure high-loaded turbine. In this study, a new flow control approach called split blade is applied on the LPT (low pressure turbine) PakB. This technology is a passive flow control method by using the jet created by different pressure of two points on the blade surface to control the boundary layer separation on the suction surface. Different operating conditions were investigated including flow separation on PakB cascade without control and cascade with slot at four kinds of Reynolds number (Re = 25000, Re = 50000, Re = 75000, Re = 100000) (based on the chord length in axial direction). The outlet of the slot is located upstream of the separation point on the boundary layer which is 0.68Cax (chord length in axial direction) on the suction surface, the inclination angle of slot is 30°, the diameter of slot is 2mm. Detailed flow characteristics, separation and reattachment locations are presented at the different Reynolds numbers were presented in this paper. The results show that without control the separation location on the boundary layer of the cascade moves downstream with the increase of Reynolds number while the reattachment location moves up. The results also show that at Reynolds number is 25000, as different pressure of slots two ends is low, the jets velocity is low and the control effect is not obvious. At other three kinds of Reynolds number, the reattachment location moves up separation zones decreases due to the flow control.
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Boothby, Peter, Graham Canty, Robert Andrews, and Simon Slater. "Assessment of an Existing Hot Tap Connection on the Bord Gáis Éireann Brighouse Bay Gas Export Terminal." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33645.
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A previous IPC conference paper (1) described the technical challenges associated with the installation of a new hot tap connection, supplementary to an existing hot tap connection, on the Bord Gáis Éireann Brighouse Bay high pressure gas export terminal in the UK. Work carried out to verify that the hot tap connection would be fit for purpose included a pipe stress analysis, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and Engineering Critical Assessment (ECA). These assessments were performed because the split tee shell thickness and consequently also the circumferential fillet weld leg lengths did not achieve the 2 × carrier pipe thickness criterion required by UK specifications for applications where design stress levels exceed 30% specified minimum yield strength. Subsequently, it was identified that the existing hot tap connection installed in 2001 also did not meet the 2 × carrier pipe thickness criterion. Furthermore the material grade was lower than that for newer hot tap, i.e. P355 compared with P460 and the tee had been chamfered down from 50 mm to 40 mm at the ends, leading to reduced section circumferential fillet welds. This resulted in a leaner design than that for the newer hot tap and an ASME B31.3 area replacement calculation revealed that the area replacement ratio barely achieved the 1.0 requirement of the code suggesting a limited tolerance to system loading. Consequently similar stress analysis, FEA and ECA assessments to those previously undertaken were also subsequently performed for the existing hot tap connection. This paper provides details of the analyses and results obtained to determine the integrity of the existing hot tap split tee assembly which required a bespoke approach and a need to challenge conventional thinking.
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Nagasaka, Imao, Jun Liu, Yukio Ishida, and Kouta Katou. "Forced Vibrations of Continuous Rotor With Strong Geometrical Nonlinearity." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/vib-48403.
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When both ends of an elastic continuous rotor are supported simply by double-row self-aligning ball bearings, the geometrical nonlinearity appears due to the stiffening effect in elongation of the rotor if the movement of the bearings in the longitudinal direction is restricted. As the rotor becomes more slender, the geometrical nonlinearity becomes stronger. In this paper, we study unique nonlinear phenomena due to the strong nonlinear spring characteristics and an initial axial force in the vicinity of the major critical speed ωc and twice ωc. When the rotor is supported horizontally, the difference in support stiffness and the asymmetrical nonlinearity appear as a result of the rotor of the equilibrium position. By the influences of the internal resonance and the initial axial force, the nonlinear resonance phenomena become very complex. For example, a peak of resonance curves split into two peaks, these two peaks leave each other and then become a hard and a soft spring types, respectively, and almost periodic motions and chaotic vibrations appear. We clarified these phenomena theoretically and experimentally.
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Thippavathini, Sudhakar, and Manoj Kumar Moharana. "Flow of Taylor Bubble in Microchannel Having an Obstacle." In ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2014-21739.
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A novel concept of mixing based on 2-D numerical study is proposed where Taylor bubble flows past an obstacle inside a horizontal microchannel. A square shaped obstacle of size 0.02 × 0.02 mm2 is considered inside a microchannel of diameter 0.2 mm. Water and air enters at the two inlet ends of a T-junction and creates Taylor bubble flow at the junction. The obstacle is placed in the downstream at a sufficient distance from the junction where air and water meet. This ensures stability of the Taylor bubble by the time it touches the obstacle. The position of the obstacle is varied along the perpendicular to the flow direction. First, the obstacle is placed exactly at the centre, thus providing equal space of 0.09 mm each on its either side. When Taylor bubble touches this obstacle, it splits and moves through both sides of the obstacle with perfect symmetric flow. The bubbles again join to form the original bubble as it moves past the obstacle. This is inline with the prior expectation. Next, the obstacle is moved by 0.02 mm away from the centre line towards one side, thus providing gap of 0.11 mm and 0.07 mm respectively on the two sides of the obstacle. Now it is found that when the bubble touches the obstacle it do not split in to two, rather the whole bubble moves through the bigger opening of 0.11 mm and only water flows through the smaller opening of 0.07 mm. Similar phenomena is observed when the bubble is further moved away from the centre line towards one side. The liquid-gas interface is found to be continuously changing its shape due to disturbance created by the presence of an obstacle. This causes turbulence inside the liquid plug between two consecutive bubbles, which is confirmed from velocity vector fields. This raises a hope to enhance heat and mass transfer in microchannels by placing multiple obstacles.
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Batra, Bharat. "Design of a Large Rectangular Flange." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93020.
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A large rectangular flange (5’ wide × 12.5’ Long) was designed using finite element analysis for a horizontal mixer vessel. The mixer vessel contained a large horizontal agitator with the shaft protruding through the two flat ends of the vessel. The horizontal vessel was split in the middle horizontal plane creating a large rectangular opening to be sealed by the two large rectangular flanges. The size of the flange, the type of gasket, the bolt preload required to obtain a reasonable seal made it a design challenge to design this bolted flange assembly. To start with, an estimate was made based on the calculation of the thickness of the flange using an equivalent circular flange. The finite element analysis of the whole assembly was preformed using the FEA software ANSYS. After several iterations, an acceptable solution was found with acceptable flange and bolt stresses. The seating stress in the gasket was also above the recommended gasket seating stress. Thus, the flanged joint was designed to be in compliance with ASME B&PV Code, Section VIII, Div-1. The vessel and the bolted flange assembly was successfully fabricated and hydrotested based on this design and it is successfully operating in the field.
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Xie, Fei, Ning Jiang, Yao Hua Ho, and Kien A. Hua. "Semi-Split TCP: Maintaining End-to-End Semantics for Split TCP." In 32nd IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcn.2007.139.
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Chasalevris, Athanasios, and Dimitris Sfyris. "On the Analytical Evaluation of the Lubricant Pressure in the Finite Journal Bearing." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70187.
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The Reynolds equation for the pressure distribution of the lubricant in a journal bearing with finite length is solved analytically. Using the method of the separation of variables in an additive and in a multiplicative form, a set of particular solutions of the Reynolds equation is added in the general solution of the homogenous Reynolds equation and a closed form expression for the definition of the lubricant pressure is presented. The Reynolds equation is split in four linear ordinary differential equations of second order with non constant coefficients and together with the boundary conditions they form four Sturm-Liouville problems with the three of them to have direct forms of solution and one of them to be confronted using the method of power series. The mathematical procedure is presented up to the point that the application of the boundaries for the pressure distribution yields the final definition of the solution with the calculation of the constants. The current work gives in detail the mathematical path with which the analytical solution is derived, and it ends with the pressure evaluation and a comparison with past numerical solutions and an approximate analytical solution for a finite bearing. Also the parameters of primary interest to the bearing designer, such as load capacity, attitude angle, and stiffness and damping coefficients are evaluated and compared with numerical results.
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Wang, Yujie, Tri Cao, Jiang Hu, and Jeyavijayan Rajendran. "Front-end-of-line attacks in split manufacturing." In 2017 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccad.2017.8329993.
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