Journal articles: 'Split ends'

1

Harder, Ben. "Split Ends." Science News 164, no. 3 (2003): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3982097.

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2

Missildine, Whitney, Jeffrey T. Parsons, and Kelly Knight. "Split Ends." Men and Masculinities 8, no. 3 (2006): 309–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1097184x05282079.

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3

Mitchell, Alison. "Split ends and hairpins." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 3, no. 4 (2002): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm788.

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4

Mathur, J. "Protein conditioners for split ends." Current Biology 10, no. 15 (2000): R545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00607-2.

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5

McNally, Francis J. "Microtubule dynamics: Controlling split ends." Current Biology 9, no. 8 (1999): R274—R276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(99)80177-8.

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6

Oettinger, Marjorie A. "Hairpins at split ends in DNA." Nature 432, no. 7020 (2004): 960–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/432960b.

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7

Zhu, Y. D., and B. Avitzur. "Criteria for the Prevention of Split Ends." Journal of Engineering for Industry 110, no. 2 (1988): 162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3187865.

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A criterion for the prevention of split ends (alligatoring) is expressed mathematically. This criteria, t0/R0&gt;1.81×(t0/tf−1) is derived through the extension of an earlier upper bound solution for strip rolling of a perfectly plastic mises material. The treatment is based on the division of the deformation region to a series of triangles, undergoing rigid body rotational motions.

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8

Jamieson, Catriona. "Split ends in CML: divergent roles of Hes1." Blood 115, no. 14 (2010): 2726–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-12-252585.

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9

Macleod, Jock. "SPLIT ENDS? LITERATURE AND POLITICS AT THEFIN DE SIECLE." Victorian Literature and Culture 35, no. 2 (2007): 697–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150307051728.

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AS AN UNDERGRADUATE IN THE1970s, my introduction to the 1890s was perfunctory. Squeezed into a couple of weeks in the middle of a year-long course on “Victorian and Modern Literature,” the literature of the decade was reduced to aestheticism and decadence and presented as something of a preliminary to the real business of modernism. Such a focus reflected the scholarship of the time, in which thefin de sièclewas constructed as a moment of transition, one in which the political and socio-ethical dimensions so central to high Victorian literature were evacuated, as arguments for the autonomy of art came to dominate the literary cultural landscape. The organising principle was one of bifurcation: the separating out ofavant gardefrom bourgeois culture, the high from the low and, of particular relevance to this essay, literature from politics.

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10

Grote, R., and Ü. Niinemets. "Modeling volatile isoprenoid emissions - a story with split ends." Plant Biology 10, no. 1 (2008): 8–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-964975.

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11

Sandoe, K. "Split ends: labor shortage and the CS-IS divide." IEEE Software 14, no. 6 (1997): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/52.636389.

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12

Van Meter, Michael, Zhiyong Mao, Vera Gorbunova, and Andrei Seluanov. "Repairing split ends: SIRT6, mono-ADP ribosylation and DNA repair." Aging 3, no. 9 (2011): 829–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/aging.100389.

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13

Arai, Michiko, Kouji Morita, Kazuyuki Yahagi, and Sachio Naito. "Studies on the split ends formation of hair by brushing." Journal of Society of Cosmetic Chemists of Japan 29, no. 2 (1995): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5107/sccj.29.125.

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14

Chang, Jinhee L., Hua V. Lin, Timothy A. Blauwkamp, and Ken M. Cadigan. "Spenito and Split ends act redundantly to promote Wingless signaling." Developmental Biology 314, no. 1 (2008): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.11.023.

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15

Koťátková, Jaroslava, and Pavel Reiterman. "Effects of Different Types of Steel Fibers on the Mechanical Properties of High Strength Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 1054 (October 2014): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1054.80.

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This paper is aimed at a comparison of different types of steel fibres in relation to their influence on the final mechanical properties of High Strength Concrete (HSC). The most affected characteristics of concrete were fracture energy, flexural and split strength, which are the main goal of using fibre reinforcement, as HSC has otherwise low ductility, that can result in sudden failure of a concrete structural element. Expected better behaviour of high-strength steel fibres hooked at the ends than of the ones of normal strength with only flattened ends was approved. The highest values of fracture energy was achieved with the longest steel fibres – 60 mm (diameter 0.75 mm). Whereas shorter fibres (30 mm) of the same diameter reached increased flexural and split strength.

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16

Espey, Manuel, Paridah Md. Tahir, Seng Hua Lee, Adlin Sabrina Muhammad Roseley, and Roger Meder. "Incidence and Severity of End-Splitting in Plantation-Grown Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell. in North Borneo." Forests 12, no. 3 (2021): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12030266.

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Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell. is currently the predominant tree species deployed for tree plantation establishment in some parts of Borneo, particularly Sabah state, Malaysia. Its low disease susceptibility, good growth and form, and desirable wood properties make E. pellita particularly suitable for plantation development in the wet tropical regions of south-east Asia. In spite the many positive traits, practical field observations indicate that the species is susceptible to end-splitting. There is some anecdotal evidence to suggest a genetic relationship with the incidence of end-split, although these observations were not statistically tested. This study evaluates the occurrence of end-splitting in five-year old plantation E. pellita in Sabah as affected by family and growth attributes. An existing progeny tree breeding trial, involving seeds that originated from Papua New Guinea, China, Vietnam, Australia, Sabah, and Sarawak with 106 families, was used to carry out the split assessment. Logs from the second thinning were cut into 2.2-m-long sections. The end splits were measured three days later; the incidence and severity of splitting were assessed at both the large and small ends of each log by using a designated split scoring system. The study shows that 99% of all log cross sections (per cut surface) experienced signs of splitting, with an average of 2.7 splits per cut surface. Overall, 54% of all splits were classed as ‘Three-Quarter Radial Splits’ while the occurrence of internal splits was negligible. Split severity showed a heritable and significant difference (h2 = 0.24 at p ≤ 0.05) among the family levels. Splitting was also significantly related to growth factors such as tree height and diameter at breast height (DBH). The findings suggest that end-splitting is caused by family–environment interactions. This offers the opportunity to improve the wood resource of E. pellita via breeding strategies.

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17

Pandey, J. C., Manish Raj, and P. N. Choubey. "Split Ends and Cracking Problem During Hot Rolling of Continuously Cast Steel Billets." Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention 9, no. 1 (2008): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11668-008-9194-x.

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18

Peroni, Marco, Jean-François Croteau, and Elisa Cantergiani. "Development of an innovative specimen geometry for tensile split Hopkinson tests." EPJ Web of Conferences 250 (2021): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202125001007.

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Specimen manufacturing is one of the critical issues to solve during a dynamic material characterization, especially by mean of the Hopkinson bar technique. In particular, concerning tensile testing, the sample is generally axisymmetric with two threaded ends to directly connect it to the Hopkinson bars. In this context, this work presents the development of an innovative sample geometry and related fixtures that can be widely adopted when conventional manufacturing procedures are problematic or when there are numerous specimens. The Tensile Hopkinson Extruded Design Sample (THEDS) geometry requires properly shaped bar ends that can be obtained by wire electrical-discharge machining. The THEDS geometry has been efficiently applied to a test campaign on electron-beam welded copper and niobium specimens. The performances of the developed geometry have first been assessed using digital image correlation (DIC) to compare the results obtained at quasi-static and intermediate velocities with a standard tensile specimen geometry. Secondly, dynamic tests at up to about 1000 s-1 have been performed with a modified Hopkinson bar system at the European Commission (JRC) using the THEDS geometry.

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19

Turczyn, Stanislaw. "The effect of deformation-zone geometry on split-ends formation in plane-strain rolling." Steel Research 63, no. 2 (1992): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.199200472.

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20

Naftalovich, Rotem, Steven Char, Andrew J. Iskander, and Daniel Naftalovich. "Even the Simplest Devices May Malfunction: Split Septum Design Revisited." Biomedical Instrumentation & Technology 55, no. 1 (2021): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2345/0890-8205-55.1.41.

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Abstract Split septum medical devices are used in tubing for intravenous (IV) fluid administration—an extremely common clinical task. These tubing caps contain a needleless, valveless system that allows fluid to flow directly through the lumen of the catheter but prevents backflow of fluid or blood when the tubing extension is not connected. We experienced complete failure of a needle-free connector extension set with a Luer-access split septum device in multiple patients due to the split septum remaining fused and essentially unsplit despite being connected on both ends. This led to an adverse event in a patient due to repeated unnecessary IV insertion attempts. This case shows how even the simplest of devices can malfunction and highlights the need for vigilance in clinical practice.

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21

Doroquez, David B., Terry L. Orr-Weaver, and Ilaria Rebay. "Split ends antagonizes the Notch and potentiates the EGFR signaling pathways during Drosophila eye development." Mechanisms of Development 124, no. 9-10 (2007): 792–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mod.2007.05.002.

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22

Nan, Jiaofen, Nannan Zong, Qiqiang Chen, Liangliang Zhang, Qian Zheng, and Yongquan Xia. "A Structure Design Method for Reduction of MRI Acoustic Noise." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6253428.

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The acoustic problem of the split gradient coil is one challenge in a Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Linear Accelerator (MRI-LINAC) system. In this paper, we aimed to develop a scheme to reduce the acoustic noise of the split gradient coil. First, a split gradient assembly with an asymmetric configuration was designed to avoid vibration in same resonant modes for the two assembly cylinders. Next, the outer ends of the split main magnet were constructed using horn structures, which can distribute the acoustic field away from patient region. Finally, a finite element method (FEM) was used to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of the above acoustic noise reduction scheme. Simulation results found that the noise could be maximally reduced by 6.9 dB and 5.6 dB inside and outside the central gap of the split MRI system, respectively, by increasing the length of one gradient assembly cylinder by 20 cm. The optimized horn length was observed to be 55 cm, which could reduce noise by up to 7.4 dB and 5.4 dB inside and outside the central gap, respectively. The proposed design could effectively reduce the acoustic noise without any influence on the application of other noise reduction methods.

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23

Ganzenmüller, Georg C., Timo Langhof, and Stefan Hiermaier. "A Constant Acoustic Impedance Mount for Sheet-Type Specimens in the Tensile Split-Hopkinson Bar." EPJ Web of Conferences 183 (2018): 02064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818302064.

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This paper addresses a problem well-known amongst practitioners of the Split-Hopkinson Tension Bar method: attaching a flat test specimen made from sheet material to the cylindrical input-and output bars. To date, slotting the bar ends and gluing the specimens into these ends with high-strength adhesives is the gold standard. However, this approach is not universally applicable because some materials are difficult to bond, and the adhesion surface is limited by the bar diameter, meaning that only small width specimens can be tested. In contrast, the hitherto published mechanical clamping mechanisms typically introduce excessive additional mass into the Split-Hopkinson system which detrimentally affects wave propagation and thus causes errors in the stress-strain signals. We circumvent this problem by designing a mechanical clamping device which has the same acoustic impedance as the bar material and is suitable to securely attach specimens with a width larger than the bar diameter. The benefits of our new clamping device are demonstrated by reporting tensile stress-strain data for Polycarbonate at high strain rates. The data is free from unwanted oscillations and enables accurate determination of dynamic strength and stiffness.

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24

Zhang, Jiang Tao, Li Sheng Liu, Peng Cheng Zhai, and Qing Jie Zhang. "Experimental and Numerical Researches of Dynamic Failure of a High Strength Alumina/Boride Ceramic Composite." Key Engineering Materials 368-372 (February 2008): 713–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.368-372.713.

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The dynamic compressive behavior of Al2O3 (10% vol.) / TiB2 ceramic composite had been tested by using a split Hopkinson pressure bar in this paper. The results show that the main failure modes of the ceramic composite include crushed failure and split fracture along the loading direction. The former is the typical compressive failure of brittle materials. The later is tensile failure along the flaws produced during the composite manufacturing. The numerical simulation was also used to study the effect of the diameter/length ratio of the samples on the experimental results. The effect of the deformation in the bars’ ends, which contacted with the samples, was also studied in the numerical models.

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25

Coleman, Blair, Joanne T. Chang, Brian L. Rostron, Sarah E. Johnson, Babita Das, and Arseima Y. Del Valle-Pinero. "An Examination of Device Types and Features Used by Adult Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) Users in the PATH Study, 2015–2016." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 13 (2019): 2329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132329.

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To date no study has reported U.S. nationally representative estimates of current ENDS users by device category (“open” vs. “closed” systems) nor their detailed use behaviors. We examined the proportion of current adult ENDS users (unweighted n = 2671) using either “closed” or “open” systems during Wave 3 (2015–2016) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. Demographic characteristics, use patterns, and device characteristics were examined overall and by device type. Among the 5.0% of current users at Wave 3, 43.9% used closed systems and 53.7% used open systems. Compared to closed system users, open system users were more likely to be male (60.7% vs. 48.4%), aged 18–24 (30.4% vs. 21.4%), and non-Hispanic White (76.2% vs. 65.4%), recent former (9.9% vs. 5.6%) or long-term former (20.2% vs. 10.9%) smokers, and use ENDS daily (44.1% vs. 22.5%); they were less likely to be to be current daily smokers (31.7% vs. 48.0%) or never smokers (15.2% vs. 19.5%). Adult ENDS users were nearly evenly split on their use of closed versus open systems; however, several group differences were observed. Disentangling the relationship between device selection and subsequent use patterns remains a public health priority.

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Sunny, George, John Lewandowski, and Vikas Prakash. "Effects of annealing and specimen geometry on dynamic compression of a Zr-based bulk metallic glass." Journal of Materials Research 22, no. 2 (2007): 389–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2007.0042.

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High strain-rate compression experiments were performed with a split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) at 500–4000/s on cylindrical samples of a Zr-based bulk metallic glass (LM-1) in both the fully amorphous and annealed conditions. The effects of changes to the specimen geometry (i.e., L/D ratio) and the material heat treatment [i.e., annealing versus amorphous (as-received)], on the peak stress, strain-to-failure, and failure behavior were determined with the aid of an in situ video obtained by using a high-speed digital camera in conjunction with the split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). Examination of the in situ video recordings and light optical microscopy showed that the failed samples revealed preferential failure initiating at the sample ends due to stress concentration at the sample-insert interface. A new insert design was developed using transient, elastic-plastic finite-element simulations to reduce the effects of these stress concentrations. SHPB testing, combined with in situ video, subsequently revealed that this new experimental configuration promoted failure within the gage length and away from the sample ends in the samples tested. Significant effects of specimen geometry, insert design, and annealing on the apparent values of the peak stress, strain-to-failure, and fracture behavior were exhibited.

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Saleh, Gameel, Ijlal Shahrukh Ateeq, and Ibraheem Al-Naib. "Glucose Level Sensing Using Single Asymmetric Split Ring Resonator." Sensors 21, no. 9 (2021): 2945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21092945.

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In this article, a biosensor composed of a single metamaterial asymmetric resonator is specifically designed for sensing the glucose level of 1 µL of solution. The resonator has two gaps, and one of them ends with a semicircle shape on which the glucose solution is placed. This design helps in confining the drops of glucose solutions in a specific area where the field is maximally confined in order to enhance the electromagnetic wave-matter interaction. Six samples of glucose solutions with concentrations that cover hypoglycemia, normal and hyperglycemia conditions that vary from around 41 to 312 mg/dL were prepared and examined by this biosensor. The resonance frequency redshift was used as a measure of the changes in the glucose level of the solutions. Without glucose solution, an excellent agreement between the measured and simulated transmission amplitude was observed. The increase in glucose concentrations exhibited clear and noticeable redshifts in the resonance frequency. This biosensor revealed a 0.9997 coefficient of determination, which implies an excellent prediction fitting model. More importantly, a sensitivity of 438 kHz/(mg/dL) was observed over the range of concentrations of the aqueous solution.

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Zhai, Chi, Qinjun Liu, Jose A. Romagnoli, and Wei Sun. "Modeling/Simulation of the Dividing Wall Column by Using the Rigorous Model." Processes 7, no. 1 (2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7010026.

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Dividing wall column (DWC) is an atypical distillation column with an internal, vertical WE partition wall that effectively accommodates two conventional distillation columns into one to improve the thermodynamic efficiency. In previous studies, different equivalent models by combining conventional columns are adopted to approximate the DWC modeling, which may not well describe the integration of the DWC; moreover, the computational cost increases when multiple columns are implemented to represent one DWC. In this paper, a rigorous mathematical model is proposed based on the mass balance, the energy and phase equilibrium of the DWC, where decision variables and state variables are equally treated. The model was developed in the general process modeling system (gPROMS). Based on the rigorous model, the influences of liquid split ratio and vapor split ratio are discussed, and it is shown that the heat duty is sensitive to changes on the liquid and vapor split ratio. Inappropriate liquid and vapor split ratio will increase the mixing effects at both ends of the dividing wall, and adversely affect the thermodynamic efficiency. Hence, the degree of mixing is defined to characterize the column efficiency. Furthermore, the middle component split ratio at the top of the pre-fractionator has an optimal point for better energy saving with certain liquid and vapor split ratios, and can be used as an indicator for the energy performance. Finally, the model was tested and validated against literature data by using the ternary benzene–toluene–xylene mixture system as a case study.

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Lu, Chenze, Christine Saint-Pierre, Didier Gasparutto, et al. "Melting Curve Analysis of Aptachains: Adenosine Detection with Internal Calibration." Biosensors 11, no. 4 (2021): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11040112.

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Small molecules are ubiquitous in nature and their detection is relevant in various domains. However, due to their size, sensitive and selective probes are difficult to select and the detection methods are generally indirect. In this study, we introduced the use of melting curve analysis of aptachains based on split-aptamers for the detection of adenosine. Aptamers, short oligonucleotides, are known to be particularly efficient probes compared to antibodies thanks to their advantageous probe/target size ratio. Aptachains are formed from dimers with dangling ends followed by the split-aptamer binding triggered by the presence of the target. The high melting temperature of the dimers served as a calibration for the detection/quantification of the target based on the height and/or temperature shift of the aptachain melting peak.

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30

Chee, Daniel W. Y., Wilfred C. G. Peh, and Tony W. H. Shek. "Pictorial Essay: Imaging of Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumours." Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal 62, no. 3 (2011): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carj.2010.04.009.

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Peripheral nerve sheath tumours (PNST) may be benign or malignant. Benign PNSTs include neurofibroma and schwannoma. Neurogenic tumours share certain characteristic imaging features, suggested by a fusiform-shaped mass with tapered ends, the “split-fat” sign, atrophy of the muscles supplied by the involved nerve, the “fascicular sign,” and the “target sign”; these imaging features are best demonstrated on magnetic resonance imaging. This pictorial essay emphasizes the characteristic signs and distinguishing features of PNSTs on imaging.

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31

ALLISON, MICHAEL E. "Why Splinter? Parties that Split from the FSLN, FMLN and URNG." Journal of Latin American Studies 48, no. 4 (2016): 707–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x1600136x.

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AbstractFollowing the ends to the civil wars in Nicaragua, El Salvador and Guatemala, the revolutionary coalitions that had led the fight against authoritarian regimes began to fracture. However, none of the splinter parties that broke from the Sandinista National Liberation Front, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, and Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unit has succeeded on their own as political parties. In this article, I argue that there is no single reason to explain the poor performances of the Democratic Party (PD), the Renovating Movement (MR), and the Democratic Front Party (FDR) in El Salvador, the Sandinista Renovation Movement (Renovate-MRS) and the Movement to Rescue Sandinismo (Rescue-MRS) in Nicaragua, and the New Nation Alliance (ANN) in Guatemala. However, their limited financial resources, alliances with non-revolutionary centrist and centre-right parties, and voter tendency to overlook internal ideological and personal debates within the original political parties, especially the FSLN and FMLN, have not helped.

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Tridico, Silvana R., Paul Rigby, K. Paul Kirkbride, James Haile, and Michael Bunce. "Megafaunal split ends: microscopical characterisation of hair structure and function in extinct woolly mammoth and woolly rhino." Quaternary Science Reviews 83 (January 2014): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.10.032.

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Chen, Fangli, and Ilaria Rebay. "split ends, a new component of the Drosophila EGF receptor pathway, regulates development of midline glial cells." Current Biology 10, no. 15 (2000): 943—S2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00625-4.

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Jin, Li Hua, Jung Kyoon Choi, Byungil Kim, et al. "Requirement of Split ends for Epigenetic Regulation of Notch Signal-Dependent Genes during Infection-Induced Hemocyte Differentiation." Molecular and Cellular Biology 29, no. 6 (2009): 1515–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.01239-08.

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ABSTRACT Drosophila producing a mutant form of the putative transcription coregulator, Split ends (Spen), originally identified in the analysis of neuronal development, display diverse immune defects. In order to understand the role of Spen in the innate immune response, we analyzed the transcriptional defects associated with spen mutant hemocytes and their relationship to the Notch signaling pathways. Spen is regulated by the Notch pathway in the lymph glands and is required for Notch-dependent activation of a large number of genes involved in energy metabolism and differentiation. Analysis of the epigenetic marks associated with Spen-dependent genes indicates that Spen performs its function as a coactivator by regulating chromatin modification. Intriguingly, expression of the Spen-dependent genes was transiently downregulated in a Notch-dependent manner by the Dif activated upon recognition of pathogen-associated molecules, demonstrating the existence of cross talk between hematopoietic regulation and the innate immune response. Our observations reveal a novel connection between the Notch and Toll/IMD signaling pathways and demonstrate a coactivating role for Spen in activating Notch-dependent genes in differentiating cells.

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Rodgers, Danielle M., Ross Jacobucci, and Kevin J. Grimm. "A Multiple Imputation Approach for Handling Missing Data in Classification and Regression Trees." Journal of Behavioral Data Science 1, no. 1 (2021): 127–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35566/jbds/v1n1/p6.

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Decision trees (DTs) is a machine learning technique that searches the predictor space for the variable and observed value that leads to the best prediction when the data are split into two nodes based on the variable and splitting value. The algorithm repeats its search within each partition of the data until a stopping rule ends the search. Missing data can be problematic in DTs because of an inability to place an observation with a missing value into a node based on the chosen splitting variable. Moreover, missing data can alter the selection process because of its inability to place observations with missing values. Simple missing data approaches (e.g., listwise deletion, majority rule, and surrogate split) have been implemented in DT algorithms; however, more sophisticated missing data techniques have not been thoroughly examined. We propose a modified multiple imputation approach to handling missing data in DTs, and compare this approach with simple missing data approaches as well as single imputation and a multiple imputation with prediction averaging via Monte Carlo Simulation. This study evaluated the performance of each missing data approach when data were MAR or MCAR. The proposed multiple imputation approach and surrogate splits had superior performance with the proposed multiple imputation approach performing best in the more severe missing data conditions. We conclude with recommendations for handling missing data in DTs.

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Roth, D. B., T. N. Porter, and J. H. Wilson. "Mechanisms of nonhomologous recombination in mammalian cells." Molecular and Cellular Biology 5, no. 10 (1985): 2599–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.5.10.2599.

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The primary mechanism of nonhomologous recombination in transfected DNA involves breakage followed by end joining. To probe the joining step in more detail, linear simian virus 40 genomes with mismatched ends were transfected into cultured monkey cells, and individual viable recombinants were analyzed. The transfected genomes carried mismatched ends as a result of cleavage with two restriction enzymes, the recognition sites of which are located in the intron of the gene encoding the T antigen. Because the T antigen gene was split by this cleavage, the transfected genomes were inert until activated by cell-mediated end joining. Clonal descendants of the original recombinants were isolated from 122 plaques and were grouped into four classes based on the electrophoretic mobility of the junction fragment. The structures of representative junctions were determined by nucleotide sequencing. The spectrum of nonhomologous junctions analyzed here along with a large number of previously reported junctions suggest that there are two mechanisms for the linkage of DNA molecules: (i) direct ligation of ends and (ii) repair synthesis primed by terminal homologies of a few nucleotides. A paired-priming model of nonhomologous recombination is discussed.

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37

Roth, D. B., T. N. Porter, and J. H. Wilson. "Mechanisms of nonhomologous recombination in mammalian cells." Molecular and Cellular Biology 5, no. 10 (1985): 2599–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.5.10.2599-2607.1985.

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The primary mechanism of nonhomologous recombination in transfected DNA involves breakage followed by end joining. To probe the joining step in more detail, linear simian virus 40 genomes with mismatched ends were transfected into cultured monkey cells, and individual viable recombinants were analyzed. The transfected genomes carried mismatched ends as a result of cleavage with two restriction enzymes, the recognition sites of which are located in the intron of the gene encoding the T antigen. Because the T antigen gene was split by this cleavage, the transfected genomes were inert until activated by cell-mediated end joining. Clonal descendants of the original recombinants were isolated from 122 plaques and were grouped into four classes based on the electrophoretic mobility of the junction fragment. The structures of representative junctions were determined by nucleotide sequencing. The spectrum of nonhomologous junctions analyzed here along with a large number of previously reported junctions suggest that there are two mechanisms for the linkage of DNA molecules: (i) direct ligation of ends and (ii) repair synthesis primed by terminal homologies of a few nucleotides. A paired-priming model of nonhomologous recombination is discussed.

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38

Sean, David, and Gary W. Slater. "Electrophoretic mobility of partially denatured DNA in a gel: Qualitative and semiquantitative differences between bubbles and split ends." ELECTROPHORESIS 33, no. 9-10 (2012): 1341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.201200097.

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39

Kuang, B., S. C. Wu, Y. Shin, L. Luo, and P. Kolodziej. "split ends encodes large nuclear proteins that regulate neuronal cell fate and axon extension in the Drosophila embryo." Development 127, no. 7 (2000): 1517–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.127.7.1517.

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split ends (spen) encodes nuclear 600 kDa proteins that contain RNA recognition motifs and a conserved C-terminal sequence. These features define a new protein family, Spen, which includes the vertebrate MINT transcriptional regulator. Zygotic spen mutants affect the growth and guidance of a subset of axons in the Drosophila embryo. Removing maternal and zygotic protein elicits cell-fate and more general axon-guidance defects that are not seen in zygotic mutants. The wrong number of chordotonal neurons and midline cells are generated, and we identify defects in precursor formation and EGF receptor-dependent inductive processes required for cell-fate specification. The number of neuronal precursors is variable in embryos that lack Spen. The levels of Suppressor of Hairless, a key transcriptional effector of Notch required for precursor formation, are reduced, as are the nuclear levels of Yan, a transcriptional repressor that regulates cell fate and proliferation downstream of the EGF receptor. We propose that Spen proteins regulate the expression of key effectors of signaling pathways required to specify neuronal cell fate and morphology.

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Song, Qing Zheng, and Zhi Ping Tang. "Dynamic Properties of NiTi Shape Memory Alloy under Combined Compression-Shear Loading." Advanced Materials Research 912-914 (April 2014): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.7.

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The desired compression-shear loading were applied by the beveled ends with different angles, and this new technique based on split Hopkinson pressure bar can be used to investigate the dynamic response of materials. A series of experiments of NiTi shape memory alloy were performed at different impact velocities and different loading angles, and the dynamic equivalent pressure curves were given. The initial phase transition points under different impact velocities were plotted on σ-τ stresss space, and the phase transition surfaces predicted by a dynamic phase transition criterion were given.

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Furusawa, Masahiko, and Kazuo Amakasu. "The analysis of echotrace obtained by a split-beam echosounder to observe the tilt-angle dependence of fish target strength in situ." ICES Journal of Marine Science 67, no. 2 (2009): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp246.

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Abstract Furusawa, M., and Amakusu, K. 2010. The analysis of echotrace obtained by a split-beam echosounder to observe the tilt-angle dependence of fish target strength in situ. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 215–230. A method of echotrace analysis (ETA), proposed by Furusawa and Miyanohana in 1988 utilizes successive echodata from an individual fish to obtain the target-strength (TS) pattern as a function of fish tilt angle and behaviour. The method can be applied to data from an echosounder with any beam configuration, single-, dual-, and split-beam. However, the method has not been applied rigorously to split-beam sounder data, which provide most comprehensive and accurate information. The aim of this work is to establish an accurate and practical ETA method for split-beam echosounder data. Although the basic theory had already been developed, some theoretical and practical enhancement was needed; smoothing of an echotrack by linear and quadratic regressions, correction for transducer motion, and comparison of an observed TS pattern with a prolate-spheroid theoretical model. The analysis starts from careful selection of a single echotrace on an echogram and ends with a composite display of results including a three-dimensional fish track and a TS pattern as a function of the tilt angle of the fish. The method was applied to typical echotrace examples, and utility and practicality were confirmed. A means of increasing the number of applicable echotraces is discussed.

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Whittier, Dean P., and David R. Given. "The germination of Tmesipteris spores." Canadian Journal of Botany 65, no. 8 (1987): 1770–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b87-242.

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Spores of Tmesipteris elongata Dang, germinated in axenic culture on a nutrient medium containing mineral elements and 0.2% glucose after 8 months in the dark. No spores germinated in cultures kept in the light. Initiating germination, the monolete laesura (scar) split in the middle. As the laesura ruptured to its ends, the cell bulged out. The first division was perpendicular to the polar axis of the spore and formed distal and proximal cells. At one end of the proximal cell, brown materials accumulated in the wall. Transfer of the two-celled gametophyte to new media did not support further growth.

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Walley, Stephen M. "The Effect of Temperature Gradients on Elastic Wave Propagation in Split Hopkinson Pressure Bars." Journal of Dynamic Behavior of Materials 6, no. 3 (2020): 278–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40870-020-00245-9.

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Abstract If it is desired to obtain high rate mechanical data of materials at non-ambient temperatures using the split Hopkinson (Kolsky) bar technique, it is necessary either to consider what effect a temperature gradient has on the propagation of elastic waves along a metallic rod or to design a mechanism that minimises the exposure of the Hopkinson bars to heating or cooling. Two main mechanical systems have been devised: the first where the bars are brought into contact with the specimen a short time (less than one second) before the specimen is dynamically loaded; the second where the specimen is moved into position just before it is dynamically loaded. As these mechanisms are complex to design and build, many researchers choose the simpler option of heating (or cooling) the ends of the bars as well as the specimen. This review summarises issues that should be considered if this option is taken.

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Jemc, Jennifer, and Ilaria Rebay. "Characterization of the split ends-Like Gene spenito Reveals Functional Antagonism Between SPOC Family Members During Drosophila Eye Development." Genetics 173, no. 1 (2006): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.106.055558.

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Patton, Wendy. "Split Ends: Teenage StepChildren, Ruth Webber (1996), Melbourne: Australian Council for Educational Research, ISBN 0 86431 174 5, $14.95." Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 6, no. 1 (1996): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s103729110000159x.

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Anna Pabst, Maria, and Karl Crailsheim. "The proventriculus of the worker honeybee and its differentiation." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 3 (1990): 500–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100160054.

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The proventriculus (pv) of the honeybee regulates the flow of food from the crop into the midgut. It is a formation of the foregut intervening between the crop and the midgut and consists of four bulging pv folds forming a x-shaped lumen. At their ends (=lips) the folds bear filiform hairs forming a comb at their inner margins. The pv folds are lined by a sclerotized cuticular intima. Between the basal plates of the pv folds and at the outside of the organ a flexible cuticle is present. By gulping movements (inner longitudinal and outer circular muscle layer) and with the aid of the hairs it can separate liquid food from pollen grains.Studies were made of 4- and 6-7-day-old pupae and of foragers (Apis mellifera L.) Scanning electron microscopic preparations show that in 4-day-old pupae the pv is already present in its basic form. The lips have filiform hairs which are repeatedly split at their ends and spine-like hairs on the outer side of the lips.

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Panowicz, R., J. Janiszewski, and M. Traczyk. "Strain measuring accuracy with splitting-beam laser extensometer technique at split Hopkinson compression bar experiment." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 65, no. 2 (2017): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bpasts-2017-0020.

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Abstract An accuracy problem of strain measurement at compression split Hopkinson compression bar experiments with a splitting-beam laser extensometer was considered. The splitting-beam laser extensometer technique was developed by Nie et al. to measure strain of a specimen during its tension under a high strain rate loading condition. This novel concept was an inspiration for the authors to develop own laser extensometer system, which allows for simultaneous and independent measurement of displacement of bar ends between which a compressed material specimen is placed. In order to assess a metrological property of this measuring system, a wide range of high strain rate experiments were performed, including tests with various sample materials (Al 5251, Cu OFE) with different rate of strain, and with the use of two bars material. A high accuracy of the developed laser extensometer was found in measurement of specimen strain, for which uncertainty is not greater than 0.1% and, for a typical specimen dimension, the maximum permissible error is 4.5 μm.

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Mutlu, Z., Acar SE, and C. Perk. "Treatment of a case of tracheal stenosis in a dog with tracheal resection and anastomosis." Veterinární Medicína 48, No. 11 (2012): 339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5788-vetmed.

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A case of tracheal stenosis in the cervical portion of the trachea was encountered in a 5.5-month-old St. Bernard-Ro􀄴weiler cross dog. Breathing difficulty was seen in the clinical examination and presence of an obvious narrowing between the 3rd&ndash;5th cervical tracheal rings was determined in the radiological examination. Under general anesthesia the portion with stenosis was resected and the healthy trachea ends were anastomosed using the split cartilage technique. In the postoperative period the breathing difficulty disappeared and there was no development of a new stenosis in the anastomosis region. In the late period check-up the patient was seen to lead a healthy life.

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Yang, B., Z. J. Liu, L. Q. Tang, Z. Y. Jiang, and Y. P. Liu. "Mechanism of the Strain Rate Effect of Metal Foams with Numerical Simulations of 3D Voronoi Foams during the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar Tests." International Journal of Computational Methods 12, no. 04 (2015): 1540010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876215400101.

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With the demand of lightweight structure, more and more metal foams were employed as impact protection and efficient energy absorption materials in engineering fields. But, results from different impact experiments showed that the strain rate sensitivity of metal foams were different or even controversial. In order to explore the true hiding behind the controversial experimental data about the strain rate sensitivity of metal foams, numerical simulations of split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests of the metal foams were carried out by finite element methods. In the analysis, cell structures of metal foams were constructed by means of 3D Voronoi, and the matrix metal was assumed to be no strain rate sensitivity, which helps to learn the strain rate effects quantitatively by the foam structures. Numerical simulations showed that the deformation of the metal foam specimen is not uniform during the SHPB tests along the specimen, and the strain–stress relations of the metal foams at two ends of the specimen are different; there exists strain rate sensitivity of the metal foams even the matrix metal has no strain rate sensitivity, when the strain of the metal foams is defined by the displacement difference between the ends of the specimen; localized deformation of the metal foams and the inertia effect of matrix metal are the two main contributions to the strain rate sensitivity of the metal foams.

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Tu, Xiaoming, and Ching C. Wang. "Coupling of Posterior Cytoskeletal Morphogenesis to the G1/S Transition in theTrypanosoma bruceiCell Cycle." Molecular Biology of the Cell 16, no. 1 (2005): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e04-05-0368.

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The expression levels of four Cdc2-related kinases (CRK1, 2, 4, and 6) in the procyclic form of Trypanosoma brucei were knocked down in pairs using the RNA interference (RNAi) technique. A double knockdown of CRK1 and CRK2 resulted in arrested cell growth in the G1 phase accompanied by an apparent cessation of nuclear DNA synthesis. The arrested cells became elongated at the posterior end like the G1-phase cells generated by knockdown of CycE1/CYC2 in a previous study. However, ∼5% of the G1 cells in the current study also possessed multiply branched posterior ends, which have not previously been observed in T. brucei. DAPI and immunofluorescence staining showed a single nucleus, kinetoplast, basal body, and flagellum in the anterior portion of each G1 cell. The split and grossly extended posterior ends were heavily stained with antibodies to tyrosinated α-tubulin, suggesting an accumulation of newly synthesized microtubules. A significant population of anucleate cells (zoids), apparently derived from kinetoplast-dictated cytokinesis and cell division of the G1 cells, also had extended and branched posterior ends filled with newly synthesized microtubules. This continued posterior extension of microtubules in the G1 cells and zoids suggests that CRK1 and CRK2 exert a coordinated control on G1/S passage and the limited growth of the microtubule corset toward the posterior end. This connection may provide a new insight into the mechanism of morphological maintenance of an ancient protist during its cell cycle progression.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Split ends'

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