Academic literature on the topic 'Split Schemes'

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Journal articles on the topic "Split Schemes"

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Dong, Luying, Shuhan Ma, Yajuan Han, and Yipeng Zhou. "Split delivery scheme for vehicle supported UAV." MATEC Web of Conferences 355 (2022): 02065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202235502065.

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The traditional demand split logistics distribution schemes are mainly based on vehicle distribution. In recent years, with the rapid development of civil UAVs, the use of UAVs for distribution will be more efficient and economical in some specific conditions. In this paper, through the analysis of the advantages of UAV distribution, we simulate the demands and distribution schemes in real scene, especially in remote mountainous areas. And then, we propose to define a demand-splitting distribution scheme of vehicle-supported UAV, which ensures the customer point will be satisfy demand when the loading capacity of the UAV is exceeded. This scheme aims to provides a realizable distribution scheme for the customers point in mountainous areas with large demand.
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Li, Xueliang, Xinyu Kang, Xin Ba, Zengxiong Peng, Shujun Yang, and Zhifu Zhao. "A Design Methodology for Dual-Mode Electro-Mechanical Transmission Scheme Based on Jointing Characteristics." Energies 15, no. 15 (2022): 5482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155482.

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Electro-mechanical transmission is the best choice for the transmission system of military, engineering and other heavy special vehicles. The scheme design is fundamental and key to realize the original innovation of the electro-mechanical transmission. Therefore, a novel design method of a planetary-gear scheme is proposed for electro-mechanical transmission. According to the distribution of mechanical points and the speed continuous condition of mode switching, the mode combination law of a dual-mode electro-mechanical transmission is obtained, i.e., the input split mode based on the scheme of three-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) and the compound split mode based on the scheme of 2-DOF. Moreover, a design method for an electro-mechanical transmission scheme is proposed based on the mode combination law. Two single-mode schemes are combined to form a dual-mode scheme, and then mode jointing, control logic, isomorphism and other screening conditions are in turn used to screen schemes; therefore, two optimized schemes are obtained ultimately. Lastly, by analyzing the characteristics of speed, torque and the power split of the optimized schemes, the accuracy of the proposed design method in this paper is verified. The proposed design method can provide new ideas of designing multi-mode and multi-output electro-mechanical transmission schemes.
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Skamarock, William C. "Positive-Definite and Monotonic Limiters for Unrestricted-Time-Step Transport Schemes." Monthly Weather Review 134, no. 8 (2006): 2241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr3170.1.

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Abstract General positive-definite and monotonic limiters are described for use with unrestricted-Courant-number flux-form transport schemes. These limiters are tested using a time-split multidimensional transport scheme. The importance of minimizing the splitting errors associated with the time-split operator and of the consistency between the transport scheme and the discrete continuity equation is demonstrated.
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Susilawati, Meyla Prima, and Andre Mirza Hartawan. "Cashback and Split Payment as an E-Commerce Marketing Strategy from the Perspective of Islamic Ethics." European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 2 (2023): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejsocial.2023.3.2.436.

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Innovation and creativity are required if a company's product or service wants to compete in this digital era, especially in selecting marketing strategies. Selecting a marketing strategy is the most important thing determining the success or failure of a company that carries out e-commerce activities. Cashback and split payments are one of the marketing strategies chosen by the company to entice buyers to transact with its merchant members. However, often cashback and split payment schemes, including payment schemes for transactions with merchants through marketplaces, do not meet the ethical values of Islamic business in which transactions must supposedly earn the blessings of Allah SWT. This study discusses cashback and split payment schemes, namely their concept, theory, and implementation, the distribution scheme’s types, and whether they can fulfill the values of Islamic business ethics. The research method chosen by the author is a qualitative descriptive study, namely a study of literature using journals, e-books, the web, and other reading materials which serve as references herein. The results of the study show that there are cashback and split payment schemes that are prohibited and do not meet the values of Islamic business ethics. However, most consumers are less thorough and aware of the cashback and split payment schemes. Interest in discounted prices and ease of transactions attract consumers to the advantages and benefits of these transactions and schemes. Consumers must be more careful, so they are not trapped in transactions that violate Islamic law's principles. Scholars are required to update information related to business concepts and strategies implemented by e-commerce business actors to understand better the wider community about whether marketing strategies involving transaction or payment schemes are permissible.
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Irvan Yulian Pratama, Bayu Satiyawira, and Prayang Sunny Yulia. "IMPLEMENTATION OF PSC COST RECOVERY AND PSC GROSS SPLIT CONTRACTS IN THE IYP FIELD." PETRO:Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Perminyakan 12, no. 2 (2023): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/petro.v12i2.16096.

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In producing oil and gas, Indonesia has two valid contract schemes, namely PSC Cost Recovery and PSC Gross Split. The IYP field is a field that has great potential in producing petroleum, with 25 workover and 2 infill wells. The scheme released to compare with the PSC Cost Recovery scheme is the Gross Split PSC scheme. The previous scheme was considered to be ineffective and still detrimental to the government. So the government issued Ministerial Regulation No. 52 of 2017 which is the result of a revision of Permen no. 8 of 2017. Gross Split PSC Scheme, the contractor bears all operational costs for the development of oil and gas fields. The economic research on the IYP field aims to compare the Cost Recovery PSC scheme with the Gross Split PSC.
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Roy Chowdhury, Dibakar, Ranjan Singh, Antoinette J. Taylor, Hou-Tong Chen, Weili Zhang, and Abul K. Azad. "Coupling Schemes in Terahertz Planar Metamaterials." International Journal of Optics 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/148985.

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We present a review of the different coupling schemes in a planar array of terahertz metamaterials. The gap-to-gap near-field capacitive coupling between split-ring resonators in a unit cell leads to either blue shift or red shift of the fundamental inductive-capacitive (LC) resonance, depending on the position of the split gap. The inductive coupling is enhanced by decreasing the inter resonator distance resulting in strong blue shifts of theLCresonance. We observe theLCresonance tuning only when the split-ring resonators are in close proximity of each other; otherwise, they appear to be uncoupled. Conversely, the higher-order resonances are sensitive to the smallest change in the inter particle distance or split-ring resonator orientation and undergo tremendous resonance line reshaping giving rise to a sharp subradiant resonance mode which produces hot spots useful for sensing applications. Most of the coupling schemes in a metamaterial are based on a near-field effect, though there also exists a mechanism to couple the resonators through the excitation of lowest-order lattice mode which facilitates the long-range radiative or diffractive coupling in the split-ring resonator plane leading to resonance line narrowing of the fundamental as well as the higher order resonance modes.
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Jing Deng, Y. S. Han, and Z. J. Haas. "Analyzing split channel medium access control schemes." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 5, no. 5 (2006): 967–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2006.1633347.

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Ben-Artzi, M., J. Falcovitz, and U. Feldman. "Remarks on High-Resolution Split Schemes Computation." SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing 22, no. 3 (2000): 1008–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/s1064827599345248.

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Odi, Akhyarsi, Yuzuru Nada, and Susumu Noda. "406 Numerical Simulation of Sprays with Split-Injection Schemes using Modified KIVA." Proceedings of Conference of Tokai Branch 2007.56 (2007): 191–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetokai.2007.56.191.

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Li, Wenyong, Zhenyu Zhang, Guizheng Qu, Xiaolong Cao, Wankai Shi, and Guozhen Li. "Power-Split Hybrid Train Configuration Design Based on a Single-Row Star Row." Applied Sciences 13, no. 12 (2023): 7279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13127279.

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The fundamental component of a hybrid train system is the hybrid power-coupling mechanism. This paper proposes a single-row star-row power-split arrangement for the power-coupling method in a hybrid train. In order to create input and output power-split configuration schemes for a hybrid train power mechanism, a graphical–theoretical model and a relationship matrix were first established. An electromechanical path power proportion equation was then established to filter out two input power-split configurations. The working states of three developed hybrid power-coupling mechanism schemes were studied to find the scheme that fulfills hybrid train design criteria to meet the power, operating mode, and spatial structural arrangement requirements. Finally, by creating a simulation model for the entire vehicle, the dynamics, battery state of charge (SOC) value, and overall vehicle efficiency for the configuration were simulated and examined. The findings demonstrate that the single-row star-row power-split design technique presented here significantly enhances the train performance.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Split Schemes"

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Nemec, Marian. "Aerodynamic computations using the convective upstream split pressure scheme with local preconditioning." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0013/MQ34104.pdf.

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Liu, Chun-Bin. "The Characteristic Based Split (CBS) scheme for laminar and turbulent incompressible flow simulations." Thesis, Swansea University, 2005. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42736.

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In this thesis, the matrix free Characteristic Based Split (CBS) scheme based on an artificial compressibility (AC) method and the semi-implicit CBS scheme are presented for laminar and turbulent incompressible flows. Numerical simulations of steady and unsteady state incompressible flow problems have been carried out on structured and unstructured meshes of linear triangular and tetrahedral elements. The standard Galerkin method was used for spatial discretization of the governing equations in their semi-discrete CBS form. Four different Reynolds average Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence models have been studied in detail. They are the one-equation linear kappa-l model of Wolfshtein, the one-equation Spalart-Allmaras model, the two-equation linear kappa-epsilon model with two different low Reynolds number treatments (Lam-Bremhorst damping functions and Fan- Lakshminarayana-Barnett damping functions), and the two-equation nonlinear near-wall kappa-epsilon model with Kimura-Hosoda's parameters. The results of standard steady flow in a channel, inside a lid-driven cavity, over a backward facing step, around a stationary sphere and through an upper human airway are adequately predicted. In addition to steady state flow problems, unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) model was employed to solve vortex shedding behind a circular cylinder using a dual-time stepping technique. The two- and three-dimensional results presented show that both the CBS-AC matrix free procedure and semi-implicit CBS formulation are accurate and efficient.
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Hickey, Raymond. "A study of the characteristic based split scheme (CBS), considering the incorporation of 'speed up' techniques." Thesis, Swansea University, 2008. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42499.

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The scope of this dissertation centers on the application of the Characteristic Based SpHt (CBS) algorithm to the governing equations of compressible flow, represented by the conservation form of the Navier Stokes equations. It is proposed that the inherent stability of split algorithm alongside the explicit nature of the CBS scheme utilised in this dissertation will produce accurate results. To study the robustness and accuracy of the CBS scheme, various unstructured and hybrid meshes have been used. The method has been extended to three dimensions and the code parallelised to accelerate the solution. In addition to laminar compressible flows, at various Mach numbers, the code has been extended to incorporate RANS based turbulence modeling. The performance of the CBS scheme is established by studying a variety of flow problems. The problems considered include test cases of an inviscid, viscous and turbulent nature for flows past both two dimensional and three dimensional solid geometries. Computed results are compared to those published in literature. In addition the use and benefits of artificial diffusion, shock capturing and structured viscous layers are discussed at relevant points of this dissertation.
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Dourado, Diego Marques. "Estratégias para aumento da eficiência espectral e energética em redes TWDM-PON." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18155/tde-11092017-113611/.

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O problema estudado relaciona-se ao planejamento de redes ópticas de acesso TWDM (Time and Wavelength Division Multiplexing), tendo como meta prover meios para atender ao consumo crescente de banda e, ao mesmo tempo, associar o mesmo ao menor consumo de energia possível e disponibilizar serviços de qualidade aos usuários da rede. Neste contexto, após a apresentação de uma revisão bibliográfica, alguns trabalhos foram selecionados como referências base para o estudo. Neste, foram analisadas técnicas de gerenciamento do comprimento de onda numa possível migração tecnológica dos equipamentos de acesso à rede pelo lado do usuário, as unidades de rede óptica (ONUs), considerando ser possível aproveitar de forma eficiente a distribuição de ONUs em cada par de comprimentos de onda, e como resultado, desligar interfaces de gerenciamento para economia de energia. Em paralelo a este objetivo, foram agregados métodos de \"registro adaptativo\" para melhorar o desempenho das ONUs que estão migrando e/ou entrando na rede, evitando colisões entre seus sinais e aumentando as chances de registro no terminal de linha óptico (OLT). Além do mais, o trabalho aborda o cumprimento do contrato de serviços (SLA) por parte das operadoras de telecomunicações, bem como oferece meios de estruturar uma rede óptica passiva (PON) para oferecer serviços com garantia de métricas de qualidade (QoS). Diferentes cenários foram tratados ao variar a porcentagem de usuários ativos na rede, e percebeu-se que, quando a PON opera com baixo índice de atividade (média 10% de ONUs ativas), foi possível economizar mais de 80% de energia em interfaces de gerenciamento. Por outro lado, ao envolver cenários mais realistas em redes ópticas (média de 50% de ONUs ativas), o TWDM-PON economizou quase 50% de energia nestas interfaces ao ser configurado com baixo período de migração (5 minutos). Além disso, alcançou um SLA de aproximadamente 100%, um valor considerado acima do usual quando se trata de cumprimento de serviços. Como uma tecnologia emergente, o TWDM-PON destaca-se num cenário que deve ser planejado para ser compatível com tecnologias implantadas, e além de disso, superar o legado de redes PON na economia de energia e qualidade de serviços oferecidos.<br>The problem studied is related to the planning of optical access networks TWDM (Time and Wavelength Division Multiplexing), aiming to provide means to meet the increasing bandwidth consumption and, at the same time, associating it to the lowest possible power consumption and providing quality services to the network users. In this context, following the presentation of a literature review, some studies were selected as a reference basis for the study. In this, some wavelength management techniques were analyzed aiming a possible technological migration of the network access equipment at the user side, the optical network units (ONU), whereas it is possible to use efficiently the ONUs distribution in each pair of wavelength. As a result, it becomes possible to switch off some management interfaces thus assuring a degree of power consumption save. In parallel, methods for providing an \"adaptive record\" of ONUs have been aggregated to improve the performance of those ONUs that are migrating and/or entering the network, avoiding collisions between their signals and increasing the chance of their registration in the optical line terminal (OLT). Furthermore, this work deals with the fulfillment of the service agreement (SLA) signed by telecommunications operators and proposes ways to design a passive optical network (PON) in order to offer services with quality metrics assurance (QoS). Different scenarios were treated to vary the percentage of active users on the network, and it was noticed that when the PON operates with low rate of activity (average 10% of active ONUs), it was possible to save over 80% energy in the management interfaces. Moreover, by involving more realistic scenarios in optical networks (50%, in average, of active ONUs), the TWDM-PON saved almost 50% of energy at the interfaces to be configured with low migration period (5 minutes). Additionally, it reached an SLA of approximately 100%, a value considered above the usual when it comes to compliance services. As an emerging technology, TWDM-PON stands out in a scenario that should be designed to be compatible with deployed technologies, and beyond that, to overcome the legacy of PON networks in energy saving and quality of services offered.
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Hakala, Tim. "Settling-Time Improvements in Positioning Machines Subject to Nonlinear Friction Using Adaptive Impulse Control." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2006. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1061.

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A new method of adaptive impulse control is developed to precisely and quickly control the position of machine components subject to friction. Friction dominates the forces affecting fine positioning dynamics. Friction can depend on payload, velocity, step size, path, initial position, temperature, and other variables. Control problems such as steady-state error and limit cycles often arise when applying conventional control techniques to the position control problem. Studies in the last few decades have shown that impulsive control can produce repeatable displacements as small as ten nanometers without limit cycles or steady-state error in machines subject to dry sliding friction. These displacements are achieved through the application of short duration, high intensity pulses. The relationship between pulse duration and displacement is seldom a simple function. The most dependable practical methods for control are self-tuning; they learn from online experience by adapting an internal control parameter until precise position control is achieved. To date, the best known adaptive pulse control methods adapt a single control parameter. While effective, the single parameter methods suffer from sub-optimal settling times and poor parameter convergence. To improve performance while maintaining the capacity for ultimate precision, a new control method referred to as Adaptive Impulse Control (AIC) has been developed. To better fit the nonlinear relationship between pulses and displacements, AIC adaptively tunes a set of parameters. Each parameter affects a different range of displacements. Online updates depend on the residual control error following each pulse, an estimate of pulse sensitivity, and a learning gain. After an update is calculated, it is distributed among the parameters that were used to calculate the most recent pulse. As the stored relationship converges to the actual relationship of the machine, pulses become more accurate and fewer pulses are needed to reach each desired destination. When fewer pulses are needed, settling time improves and efficiency increases. AIC is experimentally compared to conventional PID control and other adaptive pulse control methods on a rotary system with a position measurement resolution of 16000 encoder counts per revolution of the load wheel. The friction in the test system is nonlinear and irregular with a position dependent break-away torque that varies by a factor of more than 1.8 to 1. AIC is shown to improve settling times by as much as a factor of two when compared to other adaptive pulse control methods while maintaining precise control tolerances.
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"Profile Monitoring - Control Chart Schemes for Monitoring Linear and Low Order Polynomial Profiles." Doctoral diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.8771.

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abstract: The emergence of new technologies as well as a fresh look at analyzing existing processes have given rise to a new type of response characteristic, known as a profile. Profiles are useful when a quality variable is functionally dependent on one or more explanatory, or independent, variables. So, instead of observing a single measurement on each unit or product a set of values is obtained over a range which, when plotted, takes the shape of a curve. Traditional multivariate monitoring schemes are inadequate for monitoring profiles due to high dimensionality and poor use of the information stored in functional form leading to very large variance-covariance matrices. Profile monitoring has become an important area of study in statistical process control and is being actively addressed by researchers across the globe. This research explores the understanding of the area in three parts. A comparative analysis is conducted of two linear profile-monitoring techniques based on probability of false alarm rate and average run length (ARL) under shifts in the model parameters. The two techniques studied are control chart based on classical calibration statistic and a control chart based on the parameters of a linear model. The research demonstrates that a profile characterized by a parametric model is more efficient monitoring scheme than one based on monitoring only the individual features of the profile. A likelihood ratio based changepoint control chart is proposed for detecting a sustained step shift in low order polynomial profiles. The test statistic is plotted on a Shewhart like chart with control limits derived from asymptotic distribution theory. The statistic is factored to reflect the variation due to the parameters in to aid in interpreting an out of control signal. The research also looks at the robust parameter design study of profiles, also referred to as signal response systems. Such experiments are often necessary for understanding and reducing the common cause variation in systems. A split-plot approach is proposed to analyze the profiles. It is demonstrated that an explicit modeling of variance components using generalized linear mixed models approach has more precise point estimates and tighter confidence intervals.<br>Dissertation/Thesis<br>Ph.D. Industrial Engineering 2010
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Wong, Wei-Zhe, and 翁偉哲. "New Bit-Line-Controlled Multi-Level Programming Schemes for Split-Gate Flash Memory." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35894041424027775688.

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碩士<br>國立清華大學<br>電機工程學系<br>87<br>Flash memories belong to the family of non-volatile memories, the first conceptual MIMIS device structure was proposed by D. Kahng and S. M. Sze in 1967. Thank the advancement in semiconductor manufacturing technology, the cost reduction makes Flash memories a superstar in the coming era. The key to compete with other memories is to move toward high density, low power consumption, low cost and high efficiency. The first idea flashes when talking about Flash memories should be the well-known stacked-gate devices. Due to the small size and simple process, it becomes popular in this field. However, there is no denying that another split-gate structure is also influential This thesis will be dedicated to the study of split-gate Flash memories utilizing Source-side Injection operation. Comparing with the stacked-gate Flash memories, it has advantages of high injection efficiency, anti-radiation and over-erase immunity, though at price of larger device area and more complex manufacturing process. This thesis discusses the multi-level programming method to solve the fatal disadvantage of low-density for split-gate Flash memory. After evaluating the device characteristics and surveying the published literatures, the author starts from the ramp-up voltage operation, which has attracted many researchers’ attention. Based on the understanding of operating mechanisms, possible multi-level programming schemes are proposed. Considering the trouble will be encountered by each method, the author finally grades these schemes for adaptability.
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Shrivathsa, B. "Time Splitting Methods Applied To A Nonlinear Advective Equation." Thesis, 2006. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/417.

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Time splitting is a numerical procedure used in solution of partial differential equations whose solutions allow multiple time scales. Numerical schemes are split for handling the stiffness in equations, i.e. when there are multiple time scales with a few time scales being smaller than the others. When there are such terms with smaller time scales, due to the Courant number restriction, the computational cost becomes high if these terms are treated explicitly. In the present work a nonlinear advective equation is solved numerically using different techniques based on a generalised framework for splitting methods. The nonlinear advective equation was chosen because it has an analytical solution making comparisons with numerical schemes amenable and also because its nonlinearity mimics the equations encountered in atmospheric modelling. Using the nonlinear advective equation as a test bed, an analysis of the splitting methods and their influence on the split solutions has been made. An understanding of influence of splitting schemes requires knowledge of behaviour of unsplit schemes beforehand. Hence a study on unsplit methods has also been made. In the present work, using the nonlinear advective equation, it shown that the three time level schemes have high phase errors and underestimate energy (even though they have a higher order of accuracy in time). It is also found that the leap-frog method, which is used widely in atmospheric modelling, is the worst among examined unsplit methods. The semi implicit method, again a popular splitting method with atmospheric modellers is the worst among examined split methods. Three time-level schemes also need explicit filtering to remove the computational mode. This filtering can have a significant impact on the obtained numerical solutions, and hence three-time level schemes appear to be unattractive in the context of the nonlinear convective equation. Based on this experience, splitting methods for the two-time level schemes is proposed. These schemes realistically capture the phase and energy of the nonlinear advective equation.
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Shrivathsa, B. "Time Splitting Methods Applied To A Nonlinear Advective Equation." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/417.

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Time splitting is a numerical procedure used in solution of partial differential equations whose solutions allow multiple time scales. Numerical schemes are split for handling the stiffness in equations, i.e. when there are multiple time scales with a few time scales being smaller than the others. When there are such terms with smaller time scales, due to the Courant number restriction, the computational cost becomes high if these terms are treated explicitly. In the present work a nonlinear advective equation is solved numerically using different techniques based on a generalised framework for splitting methods. The nonlinear advective equation was chosen because it has an analytical solution making comparisons with numerical schemes amenable and also because its nonlinearity mimics the equations encountered in atmospheric modelling. Using the nonlinear advective equation as a test bed, an analysis of the splitting methods and their influence on the split solutions has been made. An understanding of influence of splitting schemes requires knowledge of behaviour of unsplit schemes beforehand. Hence a study on unsplit methods has also been made. In the present work, using the nonlinear advective equation, it shown that the three time level schemes have high phase errors and underestimate energy (even though they have a higher order of accuracy in time). It is also found that the leap-frog method, which is used widely in atmospheric modelling, is the worst among examined unsplit methods. The semi implicit method, again a popular splitting method with atmospheric modellers is the worst among examined split methods. Three time-level schemes also need explicit filtering to remove the computational mode. This filtering can have a significant impact on the obtained numerical solutions, and hence three-time level schemes appear to be unattractive in the context of the nonlinear convective equation. Based on this experience, splitting methods for the two-time level schemes is proposed. These schemes realistically capture the phase and energy of the nonlinear advective equation.
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Lin, Wei-Shih, and 林瑋時. "Pioneering Dual-Connectivity Handover Scheme in Control-/User-Plane Split Heterogeneous Networks." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64162395811948104440.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>電信工程學研究所<br>104<br>Nowadays, with rapidly developing technologies and the existence of new types of mobile devices, the demand for mobile wireless service increases exponentially. For satisfying rapidly increasing data rates, small cells are deployed in LTE-A. However, it also introduces additional challenges in interference management, resource allocation and seamless handover (HO). Particularly, HO performance, severely impacting the quality-of-service in heterogeneous networks (HetNets), has become an open issue because of high-frequent HOs and intolerable handover failure (HOF). Thus, the special architecture of Control-/User-plane (C-/U-plane) split is proposed and currently discussed in for third generation partnership project (3GPP) technical specifications. The deployment of C-/U-plane split networks can achieve high capacity enhancement and reduce the frequent HOs problem. Therefore, we propose the pioneering handover (PHO) scheme which integrates carrier aggregation (CA) and dual connectivity (DC) techniques to reduce the handover failure (HOF) rate and improve transmission throughput with the C-/U-plane split architecture. The simulation results show that the PHO excels existing handover schemes in HOF rate, ping-pong (PP) rate and transmission throughput.
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Books on the topic "Split Schemes"

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Center, Langley Research, ed. Three-dimensional flux-split Euler schemes involving unstructured dynamic meshes. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1990.

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Center, Langley Research, ed. Implicit flux-split Euler schemes for unsteady aerodynamic analysis involving unstructured dynamic meshes. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1990.

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Groth, Clinton P. T. TVD flux-difference split methods for high-speed thermochemical nonequilibrium flows with strong shocks. University of Toronto, Graduate Dept. of Aerospace Science and Engineering, 1993.

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Groth, Clinton P. T. TVD flux-difference split methods for high-speed thermochemical equilibrium flows with strong shocks. University of Toronto, Institute for Aerospace Studies, 1993.

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Morrison, J. H. Flux-difference split scheme for turbulent transport equations. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1990.

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Nemec, Marian. Aerodynamic computations using the convective upstream split pressure scheme with local preconditioning. Dept. of Aerospace Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 1998.

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Nemec, Marian. Aerodynamic computations using the convective upstream split pressure scheme with local preconditioning. National Library of Canada, 1998.

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W, Swafford Timothy, Reddy T. S. R, and Lewis Research Center, eds. Euler flow predictions for an oscillating cascade using a high resolution wave-split scheme. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1991.

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Censi, Martina. Rituali di segni e metamorfosi Ṭuqūs al-išārāt wa-l-taḥawwulāt. Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-475-2.

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Ṭuqūs al-išārāt wa-l-taḥawwulāt (Rituals of Signs and Transformations), published in 1994, is a play which can be attributed to the last phase of Saʿd Allāh Wannūs’s literary production. At this stage, the Syrian author’s political commitment is no longer expressed through the interest for the collective dimension, but it focuses on the individual, considered as a pivotal element for social change. In Ṭuqūs, Saʿd Allāh Wannūs revisits history from an individual point of view, fragmenting it into a multiplicity of micro-narratives. During the 1880s in Damascus, the muftī, the chief religious legal authority, and the leader of the ašrāf, the descendants of the Prophet, are involved in a feud that splits the city into factions and brings it on the verge of anarchy. When the chief of police arrests the leader of the ašrāf while he is engaged in lovemaking with his mistress in his semi-private garden, the muftī concocts a scheme to save his enemy’s reputation, but his real aim is to subdue him and get rid of him. This event triggers a series of transformations involving the identities of the characters. Thus, the leader of the ašrāf, a regular of prostitutes and assiduous drinker, suddenly becomes a mystic with ascetic ambitions, while the upright muftī loses his head for a high-ranking woman who leaves her respectable life to become a prostitute. The whole society is destabilized by the desires of the characters. Desire not only affects their individual identity, but it also exerts influence on their social position, undermining a system of norms based on hypocrisy and on the division between the ‘latent’ and the ‘manifest’.
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Igusa, Kiyoshi, 1949- editor of compilation, Martsinkovsky, A. (Alex), editor of compilation, and Todorov, G. (Gordana), editor of compilation, eds. Expository lectures on representation theory: Maurice Auslander Distinguished Lectures and International Conference, April 25-30, 2012, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Quissett Campus, Falmouth, MA. American Mathematical Society, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Split Schemes"

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Deng, Jing, Yunghsiang S. Han, and Zygmunt J. Haas. "Analyzing Split Channel Medium Access Control Schemes with ALOHA Reservation." In Ad-Hoc, Mobile, and Wireless Networks. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39611-6_12.

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Landvogt, Erasmus. "The o K -group schemes in the quasi-split case." In Lecture Notes in Mathematics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0094597.

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Muslu, Gulcin M., and Husnu A. Erbay. "Higher-Order Split-Step Schemes for the Generalized Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation." In Numerical Mathematics and Advanced Applications. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18775-9_64.

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Bergmann, M., C. Morsbach, and G. Ashcroft. "Assessment of Split Form Nodal Discontinuous Galerkin Schemes for the LES of a Low Pressure Turbine Profile." In ERCOFTAC Series. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42822-8_48.

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Sahuquillo, Julio, Ana Pont, and Veljko Milutinovic. "The Filter Data Cache: A Tour Management Comparison with Related Split Data Cache Schemes Sensitive to Data Localities." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-39999-2_30.

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Poufinas, Thomas, and Effrosyni Kouskouna. "On the Split of Social Security Contributions Between Funded and Pay-as-You-Go Pension Schemes; Contribution to Growth." In The Greek Debt Crisis. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59102-5_5.

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Pan, Wei, Zhanhuai Li, Qun Chen, Shanglian Peng, Bo Suo, and Jian Xu. "MSMapper: An Adaptive Split Assignment Scheme for MapReduce." In Web-Age Information Management. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33050-6_17.

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Kaur, Satwinder, Bhawna Goyal, and Ayush Dogra. "Denoising Hyperspectral Imageries with Split-Bregman Iteration Scheme." In Intelligent Systems Design and Applications. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96308-8_92.

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Westermann, Benedikt, Pern Hui Chia, and Dogan Kesdogan. "Analyzing the Gold Star Scheme in a Split Tor Network." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31909-9_5.

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Kim, Min-Su, Tae-Young Byun, and Ki-Jun Han. "A Multiple Access Scheme Using Split and Merge Algorithm for Contention/Reservation-Based Wireless MAC Protocols." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39425-9_59.

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Conference papers on the topic "Split Schemes"

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THOMAS, J., R. WALTERS, and B. VAN LEER. "Implicit flux-split schemes for the Euler equations." In 18th Fluid Dynamics and Plasmadynamics and Lasers Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-1680.

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BATINA, JOHN. "Three-dimensional flux-split Euler schemes involving unstructured dynamic meshes." In 21st Fluid Dynamics, Plasma Dynamics and Lasers Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-1649.

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Darchy, Victor, Rémi Douvenot, Hélène Galiègue, and Stéphane Jamme. "Discrete Turbulent Spectrum Modelling for 2D Split-Step Electromagnetic Propagation Schemes." In 2023 17th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/eucap57121.2023.10133192.

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WHITFIELD, DAVID. "Discretized Newton-relaxation solution of high resolution flux-difference split schemes." In 10th Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-1539.

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Schussnig, Richard, Douglas R. Q. Pacheco, Manfred Kaltenbacher, and Thomas-Peter Fries. "Efficient and Higher-Order Accurate Split-Step Methods for Generalised Newtonian Fluid Flow." In VI ECCOMAS Young Investigators Conference. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/yic2021.2021.12217.

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In various practically relevant incompressible flow problems, such as polymer flow or biomedicalengineering applications, the dependence of fluid viscosity on the local shear rate plays an impor-tant role. Standard techniques using inf-sup stable finite elements lead to saddle-point systemsposing a challenge even for state-of-the-art solvers and preconditioners.For efficiency, projection schemes or time-splitting methods decouple the governing equations forvelocity and pressure, resulting in more, but easier to solve linear systems. Doing so, boundaryconditions and correction terms at intermediate steps have to be carefully considered in order toprohibit spoiling accuracy. In the case of Newtonian incompressible fluids, pressure and velocitycorrection schemes of high-order accuracy have been devised (see, e.g. [1, 2]). However, the exten-sion to generalised Newtonian fluids is a non-trivial task and considered an open question. Deteixet al. [3] successfully adapted the popular rotational correction scheme to consider for shear-ratedependent viscosity, but this resulted in substantial numerical overhead caused by necessarily pro-jecting viscous stress components.In this contribution we address this shortcoming and present a split-step scheme, extending pre-vious work by Liu [4]. The new method is based on an explicit-implicit treatment of pressure,convection and viscous terms combined with a Pressure-Poisson equation equipped with fully con-sistent Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions. Through proper reformulation, the use ofstandard continuous finite element spaces is enabled due to low regularity requirements. Addition-ally, equal-order velocity-pressure pairs are applicable as in the original scheme.The stability, accuracy and efficiency of the higher-order splitting scheme is showcased in challeng-ing numerical examples of practical interest.[1] Karniadakis, G. E., Israeli, M. and Orszag, S. A. High-order splitting methods for the incom-pressible Navier-Stokes equations. J. Comput. Phys., (1991).[2] Timmermans, L.J.P., Minev, P.D. and Van de Vosse, F. N. An approximate projection schemefor incompressible flow using spectral elements. Internat. J. Numer. Methods Fluids, Vol.22(7), pp. 673–688, (1996).[3] Deteix, J. and Yakoubi, D. Shear rate projection schemes for non-Newtonian fluids, Comput.Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., Vol. 354, pp. 620–636, (2019).[4] Liu, J. Open and traction boundary conditions for the incompressible NavierStokesequations.J. Comput. Phys., Vol. 228(19), pp. 7250..7267, (2009).
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Yang, Chun, Andrey Soloviev, and Jung C. Ha. "Combining and Integration Schemes for Acquisition of Weak GNSS Split-Spectrum Signals." In 2020 International Technical Meeting of The Institute of Navigation. Institute of Navigation, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33012/2020.17172.

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Dauricio, Eron T., and Joao Luiz F. Azevedo. "Large Eddy Simulations of Turbulent Channel Flows Using Split Form DG Schemes." In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-1209.

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Zhang, Hao, and Yanhua Yang. "A Two-Phase Flow Computation Code Based on Two-Fluid Seven-Equation Model." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-92367.

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Abstract The present work is developing a computation code based on two-fluid seven-equation model. This model is fully non-equilibrium. It not only assumes two phases are mechanical and thermal non-equilibrium, but also it assumes the pressure is non-equilibrium. The governing equations include seven partial differential equations, which are two continuity equations, two momentum equations, two energy equations, and one volume fraction evolution equation. The computation framework is based on split scheme, including Godunov split and Strang split, and the problem is split into two independent subproblems. One is a homogenous partial differential equation (PDE) problem, and the other one is an ordinary differential equation (ODE) problem. The homogenous PDE problem is reduced to linear equation by a Roe-type Riemann solver, and the linear equation is solved by upwind and MUSCL-Hancock (MHM) scheme. The ODE problem is solved by an implicit ODE solver, including Euler backward method, trapezium rule method and TR-BDF2. This code is verified by three types of problems. MHM converges faster than upwind for smooth solution problem, however MHM’s convergency rate is not always large than that of upwind for shock problem. The source term problem shows that the calculation result is sensitivity to the numerical schemes.
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BATINA, JOHN. "Implicit flux-split Euler schemes for unsteady aerodynamic analysis involving unstructured dynamic meshes." In 31st Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-936.

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Aniefiok, Livinus. "Ranking of C6+ Composition Split Schemes of Pipeline Gas for Hydrocarbon Dewpoint Determination." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/178372-ms.

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Reports on the topic "Split Schemes"

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Igor Manuilskiy and W.W. Lee. The Split-weight Particle Simulation Scheme for Plasmas. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/14871.

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