Relevant bibliographies by topics / Splitting wedge

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Splitting wedge'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Splitting wedge"

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Guinea, G. V., M. Elices, and J. Planas. "Stress intensity factors for wedge-splitting geometry." International Journal of Fracture 81, no. 2 (1996): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00033177.

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Skoček, Jan, and Henrik Stang. "Inverse analysis of the wedge-splitting test." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 75, no. 10 (July 2008): 3173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2007.12.003.

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Seitl, Stanislav, Petr Miarka, Ildikó Merta, and Zbyněk Keršner. "Numerical Stress Analysis of the Biaxial Tension-Compression Wedge-Splitting Test in Vicinity of the Crack Tip." Key Engineering Materials 784 (October 2018): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.784.85.

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Wedge-splitting test is widely used fracture mechanical test for its stability in measurement during the testing and many papers were published. However, the biaxial wedge-splitting test is relatively a new method and the numerical stress analysis of such test is necessary. Especially the investigation of the stress fields in the vicinity of the crack tip. In this contribution, influence of various biaxial stress level is discussed on values of first and second terms of William’s expansion.
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Fu, Chuan Qing, Xian Yu Jin, Ye Tian, and Nan Guo Jin. "Numerical Experiment on Size Effect for SFRC Splitting Fracture." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.335.

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Based on the MFPA2D software system and test method of the wedge splitting fracture in the Lab., a numerical model was established. The numerical experiments on wedge splitting fracture with plain concrete and SFRC (steel fiber reinforced concrete) were carried on. The calculation results about plain concrete with different dimensions and ligament length proved the numerical model is effectively on numerical calculation, and have a good agreement with the results of the test results. Then, the process of crack initiation, propagation of SFRC specimens with different dimensions and fitting formula about size effect were given. The results indicated that the size effect existed in the splitting fracture energy of SFRC.
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Korte, Sara, Veerle Boel, Wouter de Corte, Geert de Schutter, and Stanislav Seitl. "Experimental Study of the Influence of the Initial Notch Length in Cubical Concrete Wedge-Splitting Test Specimens." Key Engineering Materials 525-526 (November 2012): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.525-526.209.

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The wedge-splitting test (WST) is a frequently used test configuration for performing stable crack fracture experiments on concrete specimens, thus allowing to determine the fracture process and crack propagation in the heterogeneous material. However, there are no standard rules regarding the wedge-splitting specimens geometry, groove dimensions or notch length. This paper concentrates on the influence of the initial notch length in geometrically identical, cubical specimens, cast from vibrated concrete. The experimental results of nine WSTs under monotonic loading, including Fsp-CMOD curves - splitting force versus crack mouth opening displacement - and fracture energy Gf, are presented. An important effect of the starting notch length on the fracture properties is observed.
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Walter, Rasmus, Lennart Østergaard, John F. Olesen, and Henrik Stang. "Wedge splitting test for a steel–concrete interface." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 72, no. 17 (November 2005): 2565–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2005.06.001.

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Carter, Bruce J., and Emery Z. Lajtai. "Rock slope stability and distributed joint systems." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 29, no. 1 (February 1, 1992): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t92-006.

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A deterministic (GEOSLIDE) and a probabilistic (PROSLIDE) microcomputer code are introduced to aid in performing rock wedge analyses based on the limit equilibrium method. The deterministic code evaluates the stability of a single rock wedge formed by discontinuities in rock through three-dimensional vector algebra, GEOSLIDE undertakes a full kinematic analysis (daylighting and obstruction), analyzes both wedge and plane sliding, and provides for anchor designs and sensitivity analyses (cohesion, friction, and water forces). Through multiple stability analyses, PROSLIDE evaluates the probability of failure for a rock slope by examining the distribution of the factors of safety from all the potential sliding wedges formed by the discontinuities of the rock mass. The probability of failure is expressed as the ratio of kinematically free wedges that have a factor of safety less than unity to the total number of wedges, PROSLIDE can form and analyze as many as 2000 different pairs of discontinuities in less than 30 min using a 25 MHz 486 IBM-compatible computer. In a worked example, the probability of failure for a fixed slope strike and loading condition is shown to vary with the slope angle, following the characteristic 'S' shape of a cumulative distribution function. The effect of an anchor force is to spread the distribution over a wider range of the factor of safety (SF), pushing many wedges into a potential upslide situation and splitting the distribution about the failure zone of the stability diagram (−1 < SF < 1). Key words : rock slope, rock wedge, stability analysis, factor of safety, probability of failure, Monte Carlo simulation.
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Seitl, Stanislav, Carlos Bermejo, Jakub Sobek, and Václav Veselý. "Two Parameter Description of Crack Tip Stress Fields for Wedge Splitting Test Specimen: Influence of Wedge Angle." Advanced Materials Research 969 (June 2014): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.969.345.

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Two parameter fracture mechanics uses for description of the crack tip stress fields, not only the stress intensity factor (SIF), but the second term of Williams expansion the T-stress. In the paper, the SIF and T-stress of typical wedge splitting specimens with usual loading arrangements varying in the wedge angle are directly computed using ANSYS finite element software. The influence of the wedge angle value is quantified.
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Řoutil, Ladislav, Václav Veselý, and Stanislav Seitl. "Fracture Analysis of Cube- and Cylinder-Shaped WST Specimens Made of Cementitious Composites with Various Characteristic Length." Key Engineering Materials 488-489 (September 2011): 533–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.488-489.533.

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The paper is focused on finding reasonable proportions for both cube-shaped and cylinder-shaped silicate-based composite specimens subjected to wedge-splitting tests. The analysis is conducted using finite element method code with an implemented cohesive crack model. The aspect of the material’s brittleness, related to the heterogeneity of the material and described by what is termed as the characteristic length of quasi-brittle material, is accented. The results yield some recommendations for the determination of parameters of nonlinear fracture models for cementitious composites by means of wedge splitting tests of laboratory specimens of the two standard shapes.
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Zhao, Yan Hua, Hua Zhang, and Wei Dong. "Determination of Fracture Parameters for Non-Standard Wedge Splitting Specimen of Concrete." Key Engineering Materials 452-453 (November 2010): 425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.452-453.425.

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The wedge splitting (WS) test is now a promising method to perform stable fracture mechanics tests on concrete-like quasi brittle materials. Fracture parameters, such as fracture toughness and critical crack opening displacement and et.al, are however not easy to determined since formulae available from stress intensity factor manual are restricted to standard specimen geometry. The paper attempts to compute expressions for commonly used fracture parameters for a general wedge splitting specimen. By means of finite element analysis program, test simulation was performed on non-standard wedge splitting specimen with different depth and initiation crack length, and thereafter expressions were proposed for stress intensity factor at the pre-cast tip and crack mouth opening displacement on the load line. Based on the work above, size effect on the unstable fracture toughness and crack extension were investigated, and the consistency of fracture toughness data for various specimen depth as well as initiation crack length is demonstrated. The crack extension is little sensitive to the initiation crack length, it increases with the depth of specimen, which can be explained by the boundary influence of the specimen.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Splitting wedge"

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Šimčík, Jaroslav. "Konstrukce hydraulické štípačky dřeva." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229211.

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Bc. Jaroslav Simcik Construction of hydraulic wood-splitting machine DP, Institute of production machines, systems and robotics, 2010, p. 60, fig. 30, appendices 7, This master ´s thesis is concerned with the wood-processing technology with a focus on the construction of hydraulic wood splitter machine with a force 120 kN.
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Santos, Ésoly Madeleine Bento dos. "Avaliação experimental do comportamento de fratura e de erosão de concreto refratário antierosivo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/97/97134/tde-02102013-103034/.

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Os concretos refratários são materiais que apresentam estrutura complexa contendo uma fração de partículas finas (D < 100?m) chamada de matriz e outra mais grosseira da ordem de até centímetros compostas por agregados. Dentre as propriedades importantes durante a aplicação dos concretos refratários, este trabalho aborda principalmente a energia de fratura e a resistência à erosão. Para a avaliação dessas propriedades vários estudos vêm sendo desenvolvidos nos últimos anos. A introdução do método da cunha para propagação estável da trinca é um exemplo, pois este método é utilizado para materiais com estrutura grosseira, como é o caso dos concretos. Já em se tratando de resistência a erosão, pouco se encontra na literatura a respeito desse assunto para concretos refratários. Tendo em vista a aplicação destes materiais, foi avaliado o comportamento da energia de fratura e resistência à erosão de concretos refratário aluminoso convencional antierosivo utilizado na indústria petroquímica com o objetivo de correlacionar os resultados de energia de fratura e a resistência à erosão. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho foram usados dois concretos a com mesma composição química, variando somente o tamanho de agregado. Foram avaliadas além da energia de fratura e da resistência à erosão outras propriedades foram avaliadas como: os módulos elástico e de ruptura, porosidade aparente, fases cristalinas e microestrutura, e ainda foi realizado um estudo da matriz do concreto. Os resultados mostraram que a energia de fratura aumenta com o aumento do tamanho de agregado para o concreto estudado e a resistência a erosão aumenta com a temperatura de tratamento térmico devido a ceramização da matriz, conforme análise das imagens. Em função dos resultados, pode-se concluir que não foi observada uma boa correlação entre energia de fratura e resistência à erosão. Mas esta correlação de energia de fratura e de resistência à erosão pode ter o mesmo comportamento que a correlação entre comprimento característico e resistência á erosão para faixas específicas de tamanho de agregado.
Castables materials are known to be formed by a complex microstructure containing a fine fraction known as matrix (D<100?m) and another one known as aggregate containing thicker particles up to centimeters in size. Among its most notable properties regarding application, this research primarily addresses to the fracture energy and its erosion resistance. In recent years, some studies have been performed concerning such assessments. As an example, the wedge splitting procedure has been applied in the stable crack propagation method used for some thicker structured materials evaluation such the castables ones. On the other hand, a few data have been gathered concerning castable\'s erosion resistance. Facing such applications the main goal was the study of conventional aluminous anti erosive castables once it has been used in the petrochemical industry in order to correlate fracture energy and erosion resistance results. On this research, two castables samples with the same chemical composition were tested differing only its aggregate particle grain sizes. Besides fracture energy and erosion resistance, other important properties were evaluated as following: elastic modulus, rupture modulus, apparent porosity, crystalline phases and a castable matrix study was also carried out. The results demonstrate an increase on fracture energy as the studied castable aggregate size also increases and according to images studied, the erosion resistance suffers another increment regarding the thermal treatment temperature increase due matrix ceramization. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that no observation was made regarding the fracture energy and erosion resistance but it may exist an energy correlation between them once there is some observed between the characteristic length and the erosion resistance concerning the aggregate size range.
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Ribeiro, Giseli Cristina. "Investigação da propagação estável de trinca pelo método da cunha em refratários: tijolo e concreto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/97/97134/tde-24032015-171238/.

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Refratários são materiais com microestrutura heterogênea constituída de uma fração grosseira, os agregados, e de uma fração mais fina, a matriz, em que ambas exercem papéis fundamentais nas propriedades dos refratários, sendo a resistência ao dano por choque térmico, uma das mais importantes. Para avaliar essa questão crítica dos refratários há necessidade de se conhecer bem seu comportamento à propagação de trinca, principalmente quando submetido a uma tensão. Porém, devido à complexidade da estrutura desses materiais, o comportamento das regiões à frente e atrás da ponta da trinca sempre foi muito discutido, só que essa discussão sempre fez uso de modelos e simulações computacionais, já que é prevista uma zona de processo, em que diferentes mecanismos podem absorver energia aumentando a resistência à propagação da trinca principal. Nesta tese foi proposto o estudo experimental do comportamento da propagação de trinca em refratários, visando entender os mecanismos de resistência à propagação de trinca e o caminho das trincas propagantes, utilizando o método da cunha para propagação estável da trinca, que é o mais adequado para essa classe de materiais. Para isso foram utilizados, dois refratários distintos: tijolo e concreto, ambos de alta alumina. No tijolo, para visualização do caminho da trinca propagante após o ensaio, o caminho da trinca foi infiltrado com cola instantânea para garantir a integridade da mesma, a fim que amostras pudessem ser preparadas para análise de imagens em microscópio eletrônico de varredura. Devido à dificuldade dessa preparação, e de só ser possível observar a trinca após a propagação, um microscópio digital passou a ser utilizado in loco ao ensaio. Esse estudo foi realizado com o concreto, sendo possível associar o comprimento da trinca com a curva carga-deslocamento. A fim de complementar o estudo do processo de fratura, a técnica de emissão acústica (EA) passou a ser utilizada nos ensaios de propagação de trinca, já que quando um material é submetido a uma carga e as trincas se desenvolvem, há liberação de energia de deformação do material, sendo possível capturar os dados de energia dos sinais gerados pela propagação. Sendo assim foi possível correlacionar resultados de energia de fratura, início e tamanho de trinca com as curvas carga-deslocamento, carga-tempo, e inclusive, com a contagem de sinais acumulada-tempo, que foi complementar na estimativa da zona de processo completa, ou seja, os fenômenos produzidos atingiram o estado estacionário. A região em que se encontra o final da zona de processo coincide com o fim do regime estacionário, que é onde a trinca atravessa o corpo de prova. Dessa forma, mostra-se com essa tese, que o corpo de prova utilizado para a propagação estável de trinca pelo método da cunha, nas dimensões atuais, são suficientes para o desenvolvimento de todos os mecanismos de resistência à propagação de trinca em refratários.
Refractories are materials with heterogeneous microstructure, consisting of a coarse fraction, aggregates, and a finer fraction, the matrix, in which both play key roles in the properties of the refractory, and the resistance to thermal shock damage, one of the most important. To examine this critical issue of the refractory is no need to be familiar with their behavior to crack propagation, especially when subjected to a stress. The behavior of the regions ahead of and behind the crack tip has been discussed exhaustively, because a process zone was envisaged in which different mechanisms could absorb energy, thus increasing the propagation resistance of the main crack. However, this discussion has always been based on the use of models and computer simulations. The thesis presented here proposes an experimental study of the behavior of crack propagation in refractories, aiming to understand the mechanisms of crack propagation resistance and the crack propagation path, using the wedge splitting method to achieve stable crack propagation. To this end, two different refractory materials were used: brick and concrete, both high alumina. Based on the stable crack propagation test by the wedge method, techniques were sought that would aid in the visualization of crack propagation. In brick, the crack path was infiltrated with instant glue and infiltrated samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); however, in addition to proving laborious, the crack was only visible after its propagation. In the case of concrete, this study was performed in loco during the test, using a digital microscope in combination with the acoustic emission (AE) technique. AE is defined as the generation of stress waves stored energy is suddenly released from localized sources within a material subjected to external loads. By means of the fracture energy data and the AE signals, it was possible to observe the entire fracture process and to correlate the results of fracture energy and crack onset and size with the load-displacement and load-time curves, and even the count of signals accumulated over time. This information was complementary to estimate the complete process zone, i.e., the phenomena produced reached the steady state. This study demonstrated that the dimensions of the test specimen used for stable crack propagation by the wedge splitting method suffice for the development of all the mechanisms of crack propagation resistance in refractories.
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Henzl, Lukáš. "Štípací stroj na dřevo." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231532.

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The thesis describes the design of the wood-splitting machine including stress and check calculations and design of the hydraulic circuit. For structural design, it is necessary to choose the maximum dimensions of wooden logs, which have length 1,1 m and diameter 0,5 m and over. The machine structure is vertical. Another task of the thesis is a technical report of similar machines and the justification of the design concepts of splitting machine. In the thesis, there is elaborated an experiment on different types of wood splitters, stress analysis calculated by using finite element method and there is also drawn up technical parameters of wood.
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Qsymah, Ansam. "In-situ X-ray computed tomography tests and numerical modelling of ultra high performance fibre reinforced concrete." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/insitu-xray-computed-tomography-tests-and-numerical-modelling-of-ultra-high-performance-fibre-reinforced-concrete(7c27ef36-afc8-4ea7-8c72-7d92eba924f9).html.

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Ultra high performance fibre reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) is a relatively new fibre reinforced cementitious composite and has become very popular in construction applications. Extensive experimental studies have been conducted, demonstrating its superior properties such as much higher strength, ductility and durability than conventional fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) and high performance concrete. However, the material's damage and fracture mechanisms at meso/micro scales are not well understood, limiting its wider applications considerably. This study aims at an in-depth understanding of the damage and fracture mechanisms of UHPFRC, combining microscale in-situ X-ray computed tomography (µXCT) experiments and mesoscale image-based numerical modelling. Firstly, in-situ µXCT tests of small-sized UHPFRC specimens under wedge splitting loading were carried out, probably for the first time in the world, using an in-house designed loading rig. With a voxel resolution of 16.9µm, the complicated fracture mechanisms are clearly visualised and characterised using both 2D images and 3D volumes at progressive loading stages, such as initiating of micro-cracks, arresting of cracks by fibres, bending and pulling out of fibres and spalling of mortar at the exit points of inclined fibres. Secondly, based on the statistics of pores in the µXCT images obtained for a 20mm cube specimen, an efficient two-scale analytical-numerical homogenisation method was developed to predict the effective elastic properties of the UHPFRC. The large number of small pores were first homogenised at microscale with sand and cement paste, using elastic moduli from micro-indentation tests. 3D mesoscale finite element models were built at the second scale by direct conversion of the µXCT images, with fibres and large pores were faithfully represented. The effects of the volume fraction and the orientation of steel fibres on the elastic modulus were investigated, indicating that this method can be used to optimise the material micro-structure. Thirdly, 3D mesoscale finite element models were built for the specimen used in the in-situ µXCT wedge splitting test, with embedded fibre elements directly converted from the µXCT images. The fracture behaviour in the mortar was simulated by the damage plasticity model available in ABAQUS. Finally, 2D mesoscale finite element models were developed to simulate the fracture behaviour of UHPFRC using cohesive interface elements to simulate cracks in the mortar, and randomly distributed two-noded 1D fibres and connector elements to simulate the pull-out behaviour of fibres. This approach offers a link between the fibres pull-out behaviour and the response of the whole composite at the macroscale, thus it can be used to conduct parametric studies to optimise the material properties.
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Moliterno, Évelyn Cassileine Bento dos Santos. "Estudo do posicionamento do dispositivo de teste utilizada no ensaio de propagação estável da trinca pelo método da cunha e da influencia do tamanho de agregado nos resultados de medida de energia de fratura utilizando o método da cunha e o da barra entalhada e flexionada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/97/97134/tde-01102013-144648/.

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Os materiais cerâmicos são utilizados pelo homem há milhares de anos e podem ser considerados os primeiros materiais utilizados na fabricação de ferramentas. Argamassas são materiais cerâmicos formados pela mistura de cimento, areia e água, são fluidos nas primeiras horas e endurecem com o tempo, ganhando resistência mecânica, já os refratários são materiais constituídos basicamente por duas partes, uma de granulometria fina denominada matriz e a outra de granulometria grosseira, chamada agregado, trabalham em altas temperaturas e muitas vezes sofrem choques térmicos. Devido a sua fragilidade, são susceptíveis a fratura catastrófica, por isso o conhecimento de seu comportamento mecânico é tão importante. Uma importante propriedade dos materiais cerâmicos é a energia de fratura e o método mais conhecido para a sua determinação é o da barra entalhada flexionada em três ou quatro pontos, porém o grande problema deste método é a relação de tamanho de agregado/área de fratura, pois como a barra apresenta, em geral, pequenas dimensões, o material pode apresentar um agregado de dimensões próximas à dimensão da área de fraturada e o resultado final pode ser fortemente afetado. Então, em 1986, Tschegg patenteou o método da cunha (wedge splitting test) que minimiza este efeito, devido à utilização de amostras com grande área de fratura. Desde então, este método vem sendo utilizado com freqüência por diversos pesquisadores no mundo. Porém não há estudos publicados que definam a posição ideal dos roletes do dispositivo de teste, levando ao uso de diferentes posições, sem que se saiba como isso pode influenciar o ensaio. Além de não existir uma definição de, a partir de que tamanho de agregado o método da barra entalhada passa a ser desaconselhável sendo necessário o uso do método da cunha. Neste trabalho analisou-se a influência da posição dos roletes e do tamanho de agregados nas medidas de energia de fratura e na carga máxima atingida no ensaio.
The ceramic materials are used by humans for thousands of years and can be considerate the first materials used in the manufacture of tools. Mortar are ceramic materials made by the mixture of cement, sand and water, it is fluid in the first hours and stiffen over time, gaining mechanical strength, the refractories in turn are made basically of two phases, one of fine granulometry called matrix and another of coarse called aggregate. It works over high temperature and many times suffer thermal shock. Due to its fragility, it is susceptible to catastrophic fracture; therefore the knowledge of its mechanical behavior is so important. One of the mainly properties of ceramic materials is the fracture energy and o most knew method for its determination is of three-point bending test on notched beams, but the biggest problem of this method is the relation between aggregate size and fracture area, because as the beam has small dimensions the aggregate can have a dimension so closed of the fracture area dimension and the final result can be tightly affect. Then in 1986, Tschegg patented the wedge splitting test, which minimizes this effect, because of the use of samples with a big fracture area. Since then, this method has been used for scientists around the world. But there are no studies that define the roll position of the test device, leading to the use of different positions, without know how it can influence the test. Besides not having a definition of from what aggregate size the wedge splitting test is advisable in despite of the bending test on notched beams. In this work was analyzed the influence of the rolls positions in the wedge splitting test and of the aggregate size in the measures of fracture energy and maximum load of test.
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Navrátil, Petr. "Modelování odezvy zkušebních těles ze stavebních materiálů při lomových experimentech." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225725.

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The thesis focuses on the computational simulation of wedge splitting test of a concrete specimen by using finite element method. Different levels of numeric model for different notch depth and for different position of support are solved. Depending on the depth of a notch and difference of configuration, the crack paths and responses to an exterior load on a crack mouth opening displacement are evaluated.
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Borges, Leonardo Augusto Cruz. "Ensaio de compressão de corpo de prova com duplo corte em cunha na avaliação de concretos com baixos teores de fibra de aço." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-11042017-143957/.

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A melhor maneira de se caracterizar o comportamento mecânico pós-fissuração dos concretos reforçados com fibras (CRF) para fins estruturais é por meio de ensaios que envolvem a ruptura do material à tração direta. Devido às dificuldades de execução destes, comumente se empregam ensaios de tração indireta, com destaque para os ensaios de flexão com sistema fechado. Entretanto, fatores limitantes, como a superestimação da capacidade resistente do compósito em testes de flexão, têm incentivado o desenvolvimento de outros métodos de ensaio mais fidedignos às características do CRF. Este é o caso do ensaio de compressão de corpo de prova com duplo corte em cunha, abreviado como DEWS (do inglês, Double Edge Wedge Splitting), em que o esforço de tração indireta não está associado a uma flecha, como nos ensaios de flexão, mas sim à própria fissuração da matriz de concreto. No DEWS há a possibilidade de avaliação direta da ortotropia do CRF e seu efeito na resistência pós-fissuração no estado limite de serviço (ELS) e último (ELU). Estudos anteriores sobre este ensaio utilizaram sistema aberto, mas se restringiram a avaliar apenas elevados teores de fibra, o que não traz dificuldades à caracterização da resistência residual no ELS. Este trabalho, contudo, buscou o estudo mais acurado a respeito do ensaio DEWS. Os programas experimentais desenvolvidos empregaram concretos reforçados com baixos teores de fibra de aço. Inicialmente, estudou-se a capacidade do ensaio DEWS em identificar o efeito da orientação das fibras na matriz na resistência pós-fissuração do CRF. Essa análise foi correlacionada com os resultados obtidos a partir de ensaios de flexão de prismas feitos como recomendado pela JSCE-SF4, assim, buscou-se avaliar se este teste promove uma superestimação da capacidade de reforço da fibra. Uma outra avaliação centrou-se no fator da taxa de carregamento de ensaio, realizando-se a metodologia DEWS e o teste de flexão (JSCE-SF4: 1984) sob quatro velocidades distintas, com intuito de verificar seu grau de influência no comportamento do material. A partir dos resultados obtidos, o ensaio DEWS mostrou-se aplicável na avaliação da ortotropia de corpos de prova em concretos reforçados com baixos teores de fibra de aço, mesmo com a utilização de sistema aberto e em velocidade de carregamento acima da proposta em literatura. A extensão da instabilidade pós-fissuração obtida a partir do ensaio DEWS foi menor que a encontrada para o ensaio de flexão de prismas. O estudo mostrou que a capacidade resistente pós-fissuração do CRF no ensaio de flexão pode ser até 300% maior do que a mesma resistência medida na direção transversal do prisma.
The best way to characterize the post-cracking behaviour of fibre reinforced concretes (FRC) for structural proposes is through direct tensile tests. As direct tensile tests are difficult to conduce, usually indirect tensile tests are employed, especially bending tests with closed-loop control. However, limiting factors, as the strength capacity overestimation of composites under flexural beams tests had motivated the development of another test procedure aiming to obtain responses closer to FRC basic characteristics. This is the case of Double Edge Wedge Splitting test (DEWS). In this test, the indirect tensile stress is not associated with a deflection - as is common in bending tests - but it is related with the cracking opening of concrete matrix. The DEWS test brings the possibility of direct evaluation of the FRC orthotropic behaviour and its effect in the post-crack strength at the serviceability (SLS) and ultimate (ULS) limit estates. Previous researches about DEWS test were done using open-loop control, but they were limited to higher fibre content. These do not provide difficulties about the residual strength characterization at the SLS. Thus, this study carried out an accurate experimental analysis about DEWS. This experimental programme used only fibre reinforced concrete with low steel fibre volume fractions. The first analysis was based in the DEWS test capacity for identification of the effect of predominant fibre orientation into matrix in the post-crack strength of the FRC. This analysis was linked with the flexural test made with prismatic specimens as recommended by JSCE-SF4 in order to evaluate if it promotes an overestimation of the fibre reinforcement capacity. The other evaluation focused on the test loading rate factor by doing DEWS test and bending test (JSCE-SF4:1984) under four different rates in order to verify its influence on the material behaviour. The results shown that DEWS test was capable to identify the fibre alignment into FRC specimens with low fibre content, even using open-loop control and increasing the load rate. The extension of the instability region on DEWS test response was lower than the provided by the flexural tests. The study also showed that the flexural test could overestimate the post-crack strength capacity of the FRC up 300% in relation to the transversal direction.
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Dias, Raphael. "Comparação da determinação da tenacidade do concreto reforçado com fibras de aço por meio do ensaio de abertura por encunhamento e da ASTM C1609." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/ufu.di.2018.280.

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O objetivo geral dessa pesquisa é analisar o comportamento mecânico, com foco na tenacidade à tração, de corpos de provas de concreto reforçado com fibras de aço, por meio do ensaio de abertura por encunhamento, patenteado por Elmar K. Tschegg, comparando os resultados com os valores obtidos pelo método da ASTM C1609. Deseja-se ainda, avaliar a influência do teor de fibra de aço e da resistência à compressão na tenacidade do compósito. E também contribuir com a regulamentação e o controle na aplicação do material. O programa experimental foi composto de 112 corpos de prova (64 cilíndricos para caracterização, 24 prismáticos para ASTM C1609 e 24 cúbicos para encunhamento) que foram ensaiados no Laboratório de Estruturas da Faculdade de Engenharia Civil da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Todos os corpos de prova foram moldados e ensaiados com idade mínima de 60 dias. Após a realização dos ensaios e análise dos resultados, conclui-se que as fibras de aço conferem ao concreto um aumento na tenacidade à tração. Observou-se também o comportamento strain-hardening à tração do concreto com teor de fibras de 0,64%. O ensaio de abertura por encunhamento apresenta indicativos de reprodutibilidade e coerência, quando comparado com o teste ASTM C1609 (2012), ou seja, há uma correlação e confirma-se como um procedimento alternativo para o controle tecnológico do compósito.
The general objective of the research is to analyze the mechanical behavior, focusing on the tensile strength, of concrete reinforced concrete test bodies with steel fibers, by means of the Elmar K. Tschegg patented aperture test by comparing the results with The values obtained by the method of ASTM C1609. It is also desired to evaluate the influence of the steel fiber content and the compressive strength on the composite toughness. And also contribute with a regulation and control in the application of the material. The experimental program was composed of 112 test specimens (64 cylindrical characterization, 24 prismatic for ASTM C1609 and 24 cubic for encouragement) that were tested in the Structures Laboratory of the Faculty of Civil Engineering of the Federal University of Uberlândia. All specimens were molded and assayed at least 60 days old. After the tests and analysis of the results, it is concluded that the steel fiber gives the concrete an increase in tensile toughness. The strain-hardening behavior of the concrete with a fiber content of 0.64% was also observed. The Wedge Splitting Test presents indications of reproducibility and coherence, when compared with ASTM C1609 (2012), that is, there is a correlation and it is confirmed as an alternative procedure for the technological control of the composite.
Dissertação (Mestrado)
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Sobek, Jakub. "Napjatostní aspekty kvazikřehkého lomu." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-390243.

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The presented dissertation thesis is focused, as the title suggests, on the analysis of stress state aspects of quasi-brittle fracture. That means the fracture of composite materials with cement matrix (such as concrete, mortar, plaster, etc.), ceramics and other composites. Used methods are based on the theory of multi-parameter linear elastic fracture mechanics, which highlights the importance of considering of several initial terms of Williams power series, approximating the stress and displacement fields in a cracked body, within conducted fracture analyses. Determination of values of coefficients of terms of this series, recalculated into the shape functions serving in most of the conducted stress state analyses, is performed via the so called over-deterministic method. Another tool for the problem solving is nonlinear fracture mechanics, represented primarily by the cohesive crack model, namely the crack band model implemented in the used ATENA software. For the backward reconstruction of stress field in the cracked bodies the application ReFraPro is used. The analytical part deals with various aspects of wedge-splitting test – from the boundary conditions, though various possibilities of nodal selection (required as input variables for the over-deterministic method) up to the advanced (automated) analysis of numerical model. Special chapter includes atypical test specimens designed for adjusting of various levels of constraint of stress and deformation at the propagating crack tip. The study of this geometry and also the subsequent detail analysis reveals important information for real experiments. Backward reconstruction of stress field presents analysis on suitable possibilities of nodal selections as inputs into the procedure of approximation of the crack tip fields and answers the question of the necessity of application of the multi-parameter linear elastic fracture mechanics for certain fracture analyses of specimens from quasi-brittle materials. The th
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Books on the topic "Splitting wedge"

1

The Wedge of Truth: Splitting the Foundations of Naturalism. InterVarsity Press, 2002.

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The Wedge of Truth: Splitting the Foundations of Naturalism. InterVarsity Press, 2000.

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Walsh, Thomas, ed. Visual Fields. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195389685.001.0001.

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Visual Fields: Examination and Interpretation, 3rd edition contains revisions and updates of earlier material as well as a discussion of newer techniques for assessing visual field disorders. The book begins with a short history of the field of perimetry and goes on to present basic clinical aspects of examination and diagnosis of visual field defects in the optic nerve, optic disc, chorioretina, optic chiasm, optic tract, lateral geniculate field bodies, and the calcarine complex. Additional aspects of visual field examination are explored including those of monocular, binocular, and junctional field defects, congruity vs. incongruity, macular sparing vs. macular splitting, density, wedge-shaped homonymous field loss, and monocular temporal crescent. Various new techniques of automated perimetry are also considered including SITA, FASTPAC, and SWAP. This volume provides a very useful overview of the techniques of visual field examination in a number of eye disorders and will be of interest to all ophthalmologists, neuro-opthalmologists, retina specialists, and optometrists.
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Copping, Richard. VW Bus: Forty Years of Splitties,Bays & Wedges. Veloce Publishing, 2006.

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Copping, Richard. VW Bus - 40 Years of Splitties, Bays & Wedges. Veloce Publishing Limited, 2017.

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Book chapters on the topic "Splitting wedge"

1

Zeitler, R., and J. D. Wörner. "FE-Simulation of the Wedge-Splitting Test on High Strength Concrete (HSC)." In DIANA Computational Mechanics ‘84, 205–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1046-4_19.

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Guofan, Zhao, Jiao Hui, and Xu Shilang. "Study of Fracture Toughness and Fracture Energy by Means of Wedge Splitting Test Specimen." In Brittle Matrix Composites 3, 62–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3646-4_7.

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Linsbauer, Herbert N., Aljoša Šajna, and Karl Fuchs. "Horizontal Wedge Splitting Test Method (HWST) - a New Method for the Fracture Mechanics Testing of Large Samples." In Materials for Buildings and Structures, 138–43. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527606211.ch19.

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Brochen, E., C. Dannert, and P. Quirmbach. "Thermo-Mechanical Characterisation of Magnesia-Carbon Refractories by Means of Wedge Splitting Test under Controlled Atmosphere at High-Temperature." In Proceedings of the Unified International Technical Conference on Refractories (UNITECR 2013), 53–58. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118837009.ch9.

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Brühwiler, E., and V. E. Saouma. "Fracture testing of rock by the wedge splitting test." In Rock Mechanics Contributions and Challenges: Proceedings of the 31st U.S. Symposium, 287–94. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003078944-44.

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"Size-effect sensitivity - Three point bending test versus wedge splitting test." In Size-Scale Effects in the Failure Mechanisms of Materials and Structures, 441–53. CRC Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482294880-42.

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SEITL, Stanislav, Pavel HUTAŘ, Václav VESELÝ, and Zbyněk KERŠNER. "T -STRESS VALUES DURING FRACTURE IN WEDGE SPLITTING TEST GEOMETRIES: A NUMERICAL STUDY." In Brittle Matrix Composites 9, 419–28. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781845697754.419.

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"Development of a new test method for mineral based composites – Wedge splitting test." In Concrete Repair, Rehabilitation and Retrofitting II, 281–82. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439828403-105.

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Orosz, K., and B. Täljsten. "Development of a new test method for mineral based composites – Wedge splitting test." In Concrete Repair, Rehabilitation and Retrofitting II, 263–64. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439828403.ch94.

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"Modified Wedge Splitting Test (MWST)—a simple tool for durability investigations of reinforcement corrosion in cracked concrete." In Concrete Repair, Rehabilitation and Retrofitting III, 162–63. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b12750-63.

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Conference papers on the topic "Splitting wedge"

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Zhao, Y. "Study on fracture properties of self-compacting concrete using wedge splitting test." In SCC'2005-China - 1st International Symposium on Design, Performance and Use of Self-Consolidating Concrete. RILEM Publications SARL, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/2912143624.044.

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Deryugin, Ye Ye. "Crack resistance determination of material by wedge splitting a chevron-notched specimen." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS WITH HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND RELIABLE STRUCTURES 2017 (AMHS’17). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5013712.

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Veselý, Václav, Ildiko Merta, Hana Šimonová, Andreas Schneemayer, Stanislav Seitl, and Zbyněk Keršner. "Component Wedge-Splitting/Bending Test of Notched Specimens with Various Crack-Tip Constraint Conditions: Experiments and Simulations." In 9th International Conference on Fracture Mechanics of Concrete and Concrete Structures. IA-FraMCoS, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21012/fc9.086.

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Lasko, G., and et al. "3D-FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATIONS OF WEDGE SPLITTING TEST OF ZrO2-Y2O3 CERAMIC DOUBLE CANTILEVER BEAM WITH CHEVRON NOTCH." In International Workshop "Multiscale Biomechanics and Tribology of Inorganic and Organic Systems" ; Mezhdunarodnaja konferencija "Perspektivnye materialy s ierarhicheskoj strukturoj dlja novyh tehnologij i nadezhnyh konstrukcij" ; VIII Vserossijskaja nauchno-prakticheskaja konferencija s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem, posvjashhennaja 50-letiju osnovanija Instituta himii nefti "Dobycha, podgotovka, transport nefti i gaza". Tomsk State University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/9785946218412/159.

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Luiz Antunes De Oliveira E Sousa, Jose, and JoÃo Felipe De Almeida Marins. "Correlação de imagens digitais aplicada à análise experimental de estruturas de concreto: ensaio “double-edge wedge splitting test”." In XXIII Congresso de Iniciação Científica da Unicamp. Campinas - SP, Brazil: Galoá, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.19146/pibic-2015-37418.

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Filiagi Pastore, Mariane, and JOSÉ LUIZ ANTUNES DE OLIVEIRA E SOUSA. "Correlação de imagens digitais aplicada à análise experimental de estruturas de concreto: ensaio “double-edge wedge splitting test”." In XXV Congresso de Iniciação Cientifica da Unicamp. Campinas - SP, Brazil: Galoa, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.19146/pibic-2017-79032.

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Abdi, Frank, Saber DorMohammadi, Jalees Ahmad, Cody Godines, Gregory N. Morscher, Sung Choi, Rabih Mansour, and Steve Gonczy. "Optimizing Ceramic Matrix Composite Interlaminar Fracture Toughness (Mode I) Wedge Test." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-58076.

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ASTM test standards for CMC’s Crack Growth Resistance (CGR) may exhibit a zig-zag (wavy) crack path pattern, and fiber bridging. The experimental parameters that may contribute to the difficulty can be summarized as: specimen width and thickness, interface coating thickness, mixed mode failure evolution, and interlaminar defects. Modes I crack growth resistances, GI were analytically determined at ambient temperature using wedge test, a modified double cantilever beam (DCB). Several Finite Element (FE) based Multi-scale modeling potential techniques were investigated: a) Multi-scale progressive failure analysis (MS-PFA); b) Virtual Crack Closure Technique (VCCT). Advantages and disadvantages of each were identified. The final modeling algorithm recommended was an integrated damage and fracture evolution methodology using combined MS-PFA and VCCT. The material tested in this study was a slurry-cast melt-infiltrated SiC/SiC composite with Tyranno ZMI fibers (Ube Industries, Kyoto, Japan) and a BN interphase. The fiber architecture consisted of eight plies of balanced 2-D woven five-harness satin. The total fiber volume fraction was about 30% with half of the fibers in the 0° direction and half in the 90° direction. All specimens had a nominal thickness of 4 mm. An alumina wedge with 18° head angle (2α) was used. In this method, a splitting force is created by inserting a vertically-moving wedge in a notch causing the arms to separate and forcing an interlaminar crack at the sharpest end of the notch The MS-PFA numerical model predicted the damage and fracture evolution and utilized the GENOA UMAT (User Material Subroutine) for Damage and FEM (Finite Element Model) stress intensity and LEFM (Linear elastic Fracture Model), Cohesive Model for Fracture. The analysis results (Fracture energy vs. crack length, Fracture energy vs. load, Fracture energy vs. crack opening displacement) matched the Mode I coupon tests and revealed the following key findings. Mode I-Wedge specimen exhibits: 1) failure mode is due to interlaminar tension (ILT) only in the interface section and a zig-zag pattern observed; 2) VCCT crack growth resistance is well matched to the test data; and 3) failure mode is a mixed mode behavior of Interlaminar tension (ILT) to interlaminar shear (ILS). The final Wedge test specimen configuration optimization includes the sensitivity of design parameters to CGR: a) wedge contact coefficient of friction; b) lever arms thickness, and c) inclined head angle, distance between the initial crack and wedge tip.
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Serafini, R. "The effect of elevated temperatures on the tensile properties of steel fiber reinforced concrete by means of double edge wedge splitting (DEWS) test: Preliminary results." In 10th International Conference on Fracture Mechanics of Concrete and Concrete Structures. IA-FraMCoS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21012/fc10.240385.

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Stoykova, Elena, Margarita A. Deneva, and Marin Nenchev. "Interference wedged structures as light beam splitting elements." In 20th International Conference and School on Quantum Electronics Laser Physics and Applications, edited by Tanja N. Dreischuh and Latchezar A. Avramov. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2516696.

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Khazaei, Habib, Ali Madadi, and Mohammad Jafar Kermani. "Assessment of Various Inviscid-Wall Boundary Conditions: Applications to NACA65 Compressor Blade." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajk2011-03007.

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Boundary condition is one of the major factors to influence the numerical stability and solution accuracy in numerical analysis. One of the most important physical boundary conditions in the flow field analysis is the wall boundary condition imposed on the body surfaces. To solve a three-dimensional compressible Euler equation (with five coupled PDE’s), totally five boundary conditions at the body surfaces should be prescribed. The momentum equation in the direction normal to the inviscid solid wall provides the pressure at the surface of the wall. For the cases with no-heat source or sink, the total temperature at the wall and the incoming flow should remain constant, when the steady condition is prevailed. The no-penetration condition through the solid wall and slip condition provides an equation relating the three velocity components. Assuming identical flow direction at the wall with the adjacent node, the last thing is the velocity magnitude that should be cast in such a way to give accurate, stable and robust solution. In this paper, four different methods for calculation of the wall velocity magnitude are proposed and applied to an identical test case of subsonic and supersonic flows such as: (1) Inviscid flow in a 3D converging-diverging nozzle, (2) Inviscid subsonic flow in a single 90° elbow, (3) Inviscid supersonic flow over a wedge, and (4) Inviscid flow through a compressor blade geometry of NACA 65410. A recently implemented 3D in-house CFD code (based on the flux difference splitting scheme of Roe (1981)) is used to compute compressible flows in generalized coordinates. It is found that the way to specify the additional numerical wall boundary condition strongly affects the overall stability and accuracy of the solution. It is concluded that there is no best boundary condition to cover all of the test cases, but the best wall boundary condition should be introduced very carefully for each type of flow.
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