Dissertations / Theses: 'Spodoptera litura'

1

Wheeler, Deborah Anne. "The effects of Trichilia americana extract on the growth, development and behaviour of the Asian armyworm, Spodoptera litura." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0017/NQ48735.pdf.

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2

MARTIN, OLIVIE. "Modifications de proprietes biologiques des baculovirus de polyedroses nucleaires des lepidopteres bombyx mori et spodoptera litura : etude de genes impliques dans la specificite d'hotes et la virulence." Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA112397.

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Le travail de these porte sur les relations de parasitisme qu'exercent les baculovirus a l'egard des cellules de lepidopteres. Il explore ce probleme d'un point de vue genetique afin d'entrevoir les mecanismes qui gerent la specificite d'hotes et la virulence des baculovirus. Apres avoir etabli que les cellules sf9 etaient semipermissives a l'infection du virus bmnpv, la partie principale de l'etude s'est attachee a rechercher les genes impliques dans la modification des proprietes de specificite du virus bmnpv a l'egard des cellules sf9. La methode de recherche a repose sur la creation par recombinaison homologue de virus hybrides aux proprietes de specificite-virulence modifiees et sur l'analyse de sequences responsables de ces proprietes. Les resultats obtenus ont montre que la portion de sequence comprise entre 72,8 et 5 unite de carte du virus acmnpv contenait au moins deux determinants genetiques capables de conferer au virus bmnpv une modification de ses proprietes de specificite-virulence a l'egard des cellules sf9. L'originalite de ce modele porte sur l'existence de ce controle multigenique pour la premiere fois demontre chez les baculovirus. Il se distingue d'autres modeles ou la specificite d'hotes peut etre modulee par un seul gene. D'autre part, il a ete montre qu'une sequence d'adn du genome d'acmnpv comprise entre 26,3 et 53 unite de carte agit par transactivation sur le genome de bmnpv en induisant l'apparition massive de polyedres de bmnpv dans les cellules sf9. Cependant, cette sequence ne confere pas au virus bmnpv la capacite de se repliquer plus efficacement sur les cellules sf9. Enfin un dernier aspect des travaux a concerne l'analyse genetique du genome de spltmnpv. Une carte de restriction de ce genome a ete etablie. La localisation, le sequencage et l'analyse succinte de la transcription du gene egt dont l'action sur la virulence est reconnue ont ete realises

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3

Nguyen, T. Nhu Quynh, Van Anh Le, Quyet Chien Hua, and Tien Thang Nguyen. "Enhancing insecticide activity of anacardic acid by intercalating it into MgAl layered double hydroxides nanoparticles." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-190684.

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MgAl layered double hydroxides nanoparticles (LDHs) are known as the useful materials in agrochemsitry. LDHs can be used as a bio-insecticide carrier to enhance insecticide’s activity efficiency. In our study, to improve the insecticide activity of anacardic acid, an extract from cashew nut shell liquid, we intercalated it MgAl layered double hydroxides nanoparticles. Different hybridization between anacardic acid and LDHs (37, 74, 148, and 296μg/mL) (L-As) were made and tested on the survivals of cutworms (Spodoptera litura). L-As or free anacardic acid was sprayed directly on the leaves mustard to feed cutworms or directly on the skin of cutworms. Our results showed that in all L-As treatments, the worm killing efficiency was higher than the free anacardic acid treatment
Hạt nano lớp đôi hydroxides MgAl (LDHs) được biết đến như là những vật liệu hữu ích trong nông ngành hóa học nông nghiệp. LDHs có thể được dùng như là một loại chất mang cho thuốc trừ sâu sinh học để tăng cường hiệu lực diệt sâu. Trong nghiên cứu này, để tăng cường hiệu lực diệt sâu của anacardic acid, một loại hoạt chất được chiết từ dầu vỏ hạt điều, chúng tôi đã gắn chèn nó lên hạt nano lớp đôi hydroxides MgAl. Các nồng độ khác nhau của dạng lai của anacardic và LDHs (37, 74, 148 và 296μg/mL) (L-As) đã được kiểm tra tỷ lệ sống của ấu trùng sâu khoang (Spodoptera litura). Các nghiệm thức L-As và dạng anacardic acid tự do đã được phun lên lá rau cải ngọt cho ấu trùng sâu ăn hoặc phun trực tiếp lên da ấu trùng sâu. Kết quả cho thấy, tất cả các công thức có xử lý bằng L-As, hiệu lực diệt ấu trùng sâu đều cao hơn so với dạng anacardic acid ở trạng thái tự do

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4

大木, 信彦. "非選好性に着目したダイズ(Glycine max (L.) Merr.) のハスモンヨトウ(Spodoptera litura Fabricius) 抵抗性に関する遺伝育種学的研究." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/252994.

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5

Nguyen, T. Nhu Quynh, Van Anh Le, Quyet Chien Hua, and Tien Thang Nguyen. "Enhancing insecticide activity of anacardic acid by intercalating it into MgAl layered double hydroxides nanoparticles: Research article." Technische Universität Dresden, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A29098.

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MgAl layered double hydroxides nanoparticles (LDHs) are known as the useful materials in agrochemsitry. LDHs can be used as a bio-insecticide carrier to enhance insecticide’s activity efficiency. In our study, to improve the insecticide activity of anacardic acid, an extract from cashew nut shell liquid, we intercalated it MgAl layered double hydroxides nanoparticles. Different hybridization between anacardic acid and LDHs (37, 74, 148, and 296μg/mL) (L-As) were made and tested on the survivals of cutworms (Spodoptera litura). L-As or free anacardic acid was sprayed directly on the leaves mustard to feed cutworms or directly on the skin of cutworms. Our results showed that in all L-As treatments, the worm killing efficiency was higher than the free anacardic acid treatment.
Hạt nano lớp đôi hydroxides MgAl (LDHs) được biết đến như là những vật liệu hữu ích trong nông ngành hóa học nông nghiệp. LDHs có thể được dùng như là một loại chất mang cho thuốc trừ sâu sinh học để tăng cường hiệu lực diệt sâu. Trong nghiên cứu này, để tăng cường hiệu lực diệt sâu của anacardic acid, một loại hoạt chất được chiết từ dầu vỏ hạt điều, chúng tôi đã gắn chèn nó lên hạt nano lớp đôi hydroxides MgAl. Các nồng độ khác nhau của dạng lai của anacardic và LDHs (37, 74, 148 và 296μg/mL) (L-As) đã được kiểm tra tỷ lệ sống của ấu trùng sâu khoang (Spodoptera litura). Các nghiệm thức L-As và dạng anacardic acid tự do đã được phun lên lá rau cải ngọt cho ấu trùng sâu ăn hoặc phun trực tiếp lên da ấu trùng sâu. Kết quả cho thấy, tất cả các công thức có xử lý bằng L-As, hiệu lực diệt ấu trùng sâu đều cao hơn so với dạng anacardic acid ở trạng thái tự do.

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6

Santoso, Teguh. "Contribution a l'etude des relations entre la fertilisation du vegetal-hote et l'intoxication de spodoptera littoralis boisd. Par bacillus thuringiensis berliner." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066027.

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L'insecticide microbiologique bacillus thuringiensis provoque des reponses de niveaux divers chez les especes susceptibles lorsqu'elles sont alimentees par differents especes vegetales. Il a ete emis l'hypothese que ces manifestations sont dependantes du systeme intestinal, lui-meme conditionne par le type d'alimentation. L'objet de ce travail est l'etude de l'effet de la fertilisation minerale du vegetal consomme sur la sensibilite de spodoptera littoralis a l'intoxication par bacillus thuringiensis

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7

Cartagena, Juan Carlos. "Contribution a l'etude de la sensibilite des insectes aux maladies infectieuses : influence de la fumure sur la sensibilite d'un insecte phytophage, spodoptera littoralis, boisduval (lepidoptera, noctuidae), a la polyedrose nucleaire." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066152.

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On etudie la biologie du developpement et la sensibilite des chenilles de s. Littoralis a une polyedrose nucleaire. L'etude est realisee en fonction des fumures appliquees sans discontinuite chaque annee sur une culture de betteravess. Une carence azotee du regime alimentaire retarde le developpement des larves. Une deficience en phosphore provoque une diminution de la capacite reproductive des adultes. La sensibilite des chenilles a la virose est liee a la teneur de l'azote dans les feuilles et croit avec l'age des feuilles sur lesquelles elles s'alimentent

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8

Chen, Che-Hung, and 陳哲宏. "Establishment of cell lines from Spodoptera Litura (F.)." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30888781109097322068.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
昆蟲學研究所
88
Sumarry Establishment of cell lines from Spodoptera litura (F.) Che-Hung Chen The aim of this thesis is to establish cell lines from Spodoptera litura to provide as host cell for S. litura nucleopolyhedrovirus replication in vitro. Primary culture was made from many tissues of S. litura, including embryos, larval haemolymph, fat body, larval testes, etc. Two cell lines established from hemocyte can be subcultured more than 20 passages, designated as IBL-SL-H1 and IBL-SL-H2. These two cell lines were derived since April 1999. The cells were maintained at 28℃ in TNM-FH medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Melanization in the cultivation of hemocytes was a serious problem. The hemocytes were almost completely destroyed in cultures where melanization occurred to any great extent. Primary culture cell growth was improved by supplement of 15% FBS, and by addition of glutathion to prevent melanization and to improve cell adherence to the tissue culture flask. The estimated population doubling time of these cells were 96 and 120 hr in SL-H1 and SL-H2, respectively. The cultured cells were polyploid with chromosome numbers ranging from 65 to130 in SL-H1 and 76 to 123 in SL-H2 at the 20th passage. The chromosome number was increased with passages. In the primary culture, four types of cells were present, including prohemocyte, granulocyte, plasmatocyte and spherulocyte. After subculturing, prohemocyte-like and oenocytoid-like cells were more prevalent. The isozyme patterns of esterase were analyzed in two new cell lines and SL-7B established from pupal ovaries of Spodoptera litura. The results revealed that the distance and number of bands were different from each other. It demonstrated that these new cell lines were not contaminants with the SL-7B. 100 random primers were examined for DNA analysis for characterization of the cell lines. The results showed that most primers could distinguish from new cell lines to SL-7B. Only with primer UBC-53, the amplified DNA fragments could identify different in SL-H1 and SL-H2 cells. Primer sets for amplifying prolactin receptor and interlukin-1b genes were used in an attempt to generate fingerprints from SL-H1, SL-H2, and SL-7B. The result showed the fingerprint patterns of news cell lines and SL-7B were quite different. But SL-H1 and SL-H2 gave nearly identical patterns with these primer sets.

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9

Tsai, YI-Xiang, and 蔡義翔. "The effect of expelling larvel Spodoptera Litura with LEDs wavelength." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65253756702373544984.

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碩士
國立彰化師範大學
光電科技研究所
100
In this study, the mechanism for expelling pest of Spodoptera litura was presented by using LED. The expelling effect is obvious .The effective wavelength is 640nm, 525nm, respectively. The result indicated that larve number and leaf demage were both reduced. The overall results indicated that this physic mechanism could be used for the development of new plant protection formulation of field pests.

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10

Hsun, Wu Ping, and 吳秉勳. "Spodoptera Litura Muscle Vibration of the Optical Measurement and Analysis." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08957403496013074665.

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碩士
國立中央大學
光電科學研究所
99
The present paper main purpose proposes one gauging animal sensation of pain way. It can the quantification analyze the acupuncture to vibrate the change in the moth skin surface muscle. Using Optical triangle Measurement. Uses CMOS image sensor, the laser beam and tools and so on MATLAB software analysis successfully. Moth animal pattern which selects in view of us. Gauges her muscle to vibrate the change the state pattern. Obtains each kind of different stimulation separately (spatial acupuncture, 12% Formalin reagent, 37% Formalin reagent) frequency. But about obtains the frequency and the animal ache relatedness and the application, must in deep of the research.

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11

CHEN, MING-ZHI, and 陳明智. "Synthesis and microcapsulation of insect sex pheromones of spodoptera litura." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09812964799863843624.

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12

Chen, Wei-Lun, and 陳維倫. "The expression of circadian rhythm in the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51127630275537200680.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
昆蟲學研究所
96
Circadian clock plays an important role in metabolism, physiological process, and behavior in insects. It mediates insect to anticipate the daily changes of environmental conditions. Insects use external cues to entrain the clock, and then adjust its activities phase to accord with conditions. Reproduction is the most important event in insect life. Circadian rhythm is expressed in reproductive behavior. Since the timing is very important in solitary species, the release of sex pheromone, the response to sex pheromone, and any other physiological mechanisms of mating are hypothetically synchronizing under the control of circadian clock. In my study, I focus on the expression of circadian rhythm in attraction response of sex pheromone, and mating behavior in tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura. The mating observation was carried out under LD cycles and constant darkness to demonstrate its circadian control. The Y-tube olfactometer was used to monitor the daily fluctuation of attractiveness of sex pheromone. Furthermore, the expression of clock gene, period (per) mRNA was detected by real-time PCR to monitor the fluctuation pattern. Since the sex pheromone attraction and copulation occurred at night and subjective night, the mating behavior was demonstrated under the control of its circadian clock. The expression of per in antennae and head also show daily fluctuation, the time that presents the highest expression of per in head is more accord with the behavior level of circadian rhythm. These results hint that the mating behavior may control by head where the central nerve system is. It is not control by the peripheral level.

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13

Chen, Wei-Lun. "The expression of circadian rhythm in the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura." 2008. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-2807200820591600.

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14

Wang, Jiing-Yi, and 王景儀. "A GSM-Based Field Monitoring System for Spodoptera litura - Design and Implementation." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70173648287606220227.

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15

Wu, Yung-Chuan, and 吳永泉. "Studies on infection of Spodoptera litura with the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99402935483400221176.

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碩士
國立中興大學
昆蟲學系
84
Infection of the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura, with the entomopathogenic nematode,Steinernema carpocapsae All strain, was studies under laboratory conditions. Theinfectivity of S. carpocapsae cultured in vivo and in vitro to S. litura and itstolerance to pesticides were investigated in thes study. The last instar larvae of S. litura infected with infective juvenile (IJ) could pupate successfully and formed the nematode- containing natural capsules. The capsule is ready to apply to soik surface for infecting S.litura alrvae. Symbiotic bacteria of S. carpocapsae were isolated and cultured in nutrient broth and were found to be beneficial to the nematode culture in vitro.Identification of phase variants of the symiotic bacteria by MacConkey''s agar plate and NBTA plate revealed that all of them were primary form during 72hr culture.The artificial media for nematode culture were prepared with six selected basic substances.There were almost no IJs liberating from the media without inoculating symbioticbacteria before adding nematode suspension, but most of the nematodes were viable in media. The IJ production was best in the media mixed soy flour with cholestrol and inoculated symbiotic baceria before adding nematode suspension, 8.14*10^4 IJs/g being harvested during culturing for 15 days. The IJ production by both pig brainmedium and soy flour medium with cholestrol had a peak at day 17 after culture. The media mixed soy flour with pig brain by different ratios were also prepared for nematode culture. The best IJ production was found by the medium with the ratio of 1to 1, 6.83*10^4 IJs/g being harvested during culturing for 15 days.The LC50 values of of IJ cultured in vivo and in vitro for 3rd and 5th instar larvae were similar, butthe LT50 caused by IJ Cultured in vitro was longer. Tolerance of IJ cultured in vivo and in vitroto insecticides and herbicides were both lower than to nematicides. The IJs treated with various pesticides became pretzeltwist shape. The prepupae within 24 hr were infceted with 20IJs/0.1ml suspension, resulting in 84.6% pupation. The best production of IJs cultured in pupae was 3.97*10^4IJs/g, being able to leave host through spiracles or cuticular membrane. The nematode-containing pupae were stored at 25℃, 8 days, and then were placed onto the soil surface containing 9.09% water (W/W) for testing infectivity to 5th instar larvae of S. litura. The larval mrotality in soil was 95% after incubating for 72 hr. However the mortality declined after preserving at 1℃ for 3、5 and 7 days.The IJ production by culturing in 5th instar larvae had a peak at day 9 after culture, about 1.96*10^5 IJs/g being harvested. This is significantly different from that produced in other cultures.

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16

Cai, Shu-Zhen, and 蔡淑珍. "Study on the physiology and etiology of nomuraea rileyi on spodoptera litura." Thesis, 1988. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24084212849871356730.

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17

Cai, Ren-Yuan, and 蔡仁原. "Disruption of Spodoptera litura Fabricius by the Components of Its Sex Pheromone." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67843560627978510607.

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碩士
朝陽科技大學
應用化學系
103
The study on disruption of Spodoptera litura Fabricius is conducted in the cornfield in Yunlin County from Jul. 2014 to Apr. 2015 by means of synthetic sex pheromone of Spodoptera litura Fabricius as the mating disruption agent. The disruption agents used in the study include (Z,E)-9,11-TDDA, (Z,E)-9,12-TDDA and a mixture of (Z,E)-9,11-TDDA and (Z,E)-9,12-TDDA in the ratio of 10:1. The result was shown that (Z,E)-9,12-TDDA, the minor component of Spodoptera litura Fabricius sex pheromone, has the best effect as the mating disruption agent. The average disrupting ratio is 87%, and can reach 100%. In the study, the more the agent is applied, the better the disrupting effect shows.

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18

Huang, Ching-Wei, and 黃靖幃. "Effect of microorganisms on Spodoptera litura feeding preferences and growth by foliar application." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65107929790559859720.

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碩士
國立中興大學
國際農學研究所
101
Chemical fertilizer and pesticide are widely used in agriculture system. Although chemicals work fast, direct and low cost, there are several environmental problems came into view after of chemical materials applying. Therefore, bio-materials such as microorganisms came into notice. Soil-born microorganisms have the potential to become biofertilizers and biopesticides because they have the ability to promote plant growth and help plant to against diseases and pests. However, seldom studies had focused on the direct effect of microorganisms on insects. Thus, in the study, we focus on the direct effects of microorganisms on insects. Microorganisms were applied to foliage directly and analyze the repel effect on insect herbivore. The experiment was conducted into choice experiment and non choice experiment to understand the feeding preference and growth development of Spodoptera litura on cabbage and bell pepper leaves. Five treatments used in the experiments, NC treatment (negative control), NC–S treatment (negative control with surfactant), B1 treatment (the mixture bacteria of Burkholderia phytofirmans, Rhizobium miluonense and Rhizobium lusitanum), F1 treatment (Meyerozyma guilliermondii) and F2 treatment ( Rhodotorula mucilaginosa). The results showed that in the NC-S vs. F1 comparison and F1 vs. F2 comparison on bell pepper leaves, S. litura preferred NC-S or F2 than F1. In the F1 vs. F2 comparison on cabbage leaves, S. litura preferred F2 than F1. Based on the results, it is believed that exogenous microorganisms can affect insect feeding preference. However, the relative growth rate (RGR) and the consumed leaf area had no significant difference among the treatments both in bell pepper and cabbage leaves. This result suggested that these microorganisms had no direct effect on insect short term development.

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19

Shih, Chen-Wei, and 石辰唯. "Studies on the UV protectant and mass production of Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedro virus." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56250717459874749197.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
昆蟲學研究所
101
Baculovirus have long been recognized as an environmental friendly bio-insecticide, because they infect invertebrate only. The pathogenicity and specificity of baculoviruses have led to them being the alternative to chemical synthetic insecticides which always develop widespread resistance quickly. However, the practical use of baculovirus in pest control has been rather limited due to the difficulty of mass production and sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) radiation of virus. In vivo propagation in living insect is still the most reliable and economic strategy for mass production of baculovirus. Using living insects as a bioreactor for baculovirus production requires a large insect colony as a source of healthy larvae for virus occlusion bodies (OBs) inoculation. Afterward, the infected organisms are harvested as moribund or dead infected insects for virus extraction. The Spodoptera litura (F.) is a polyphagous, multivoltine and worldwide agricultural pest. Therefore, my studies focus on increasing the production of S. litura nucleopolyhedro virus (SpltNPV) by using Juvenile hormone (JH) and its analogs (JHA)-pyriproxyfen. In addition, my thesis also aims to explore silicon dioxide (SiO2) as a UV-protectant for SpltNPV. The preliminary results showed that JH- and pyriproxyfen-treatment can increase the virus production 2.26-folds and 1.95-folds (by weight), and 2.23-folds and 1.97-folds (OBs/larva) respectively. Moreover, the original activity remaining (%OAR) after 90 and 180 min UV radiation can be 40 and 32% respectively when the SpltNPV were encapulated with SiO2. The original activity remaining (%OAR) can be further enhanced to 72 and 60% respectively when the SpltNPV were further treated with green tea (1%) for 30 min. Instead of green tea, titanium dioxide and lignin treatment can only increase the %OAR to 54 and 55%, and 40 and 36% after radiation with UV for 90 and 180 minutes respectively.

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20

Lo, Ta-Wei, and 羅大偉. "The impact of elevated carbon dioxide and fertilization on tomato – Spodoptera litura interaction." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97746783243785810221.

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碩士
國立中興大學
昆蟲學系所
102
After industrial revolution, fossil fuel was used frequently and emitted a large amount of carbon dioxide. According to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) recorded, so far, the concentration of atmosphere carbon dioxide has reached 397 ppm, and it has been predicted that the concentration might double at 2100. To evaluate the effect of elevated carbon dioxide on the interaction between plants and herbivores, scholars had studied many temperate woody plant and its herbivores. However, there is less study about how elevated carbon dioxide influences crop and its pest interactions in the tropical or subtropical areas. Besides, carbon dioxide, fertilizer could also improve soil fertility and increase crop production; besides, the content of phytochemistry is also affected dramatically and insect performance might be enhanced indirectly. In present study, we treated carbon dioxide and fertilizer on short-term vegetable crop (tomato) to evaluate its change on biomass and phytochemistry and its pest (Spodoptera litura) performance. The results showed that both fertilizer and carbon dioxide treatments enhanced tomato biomass and influenced phytochemistry. Elevated carbon dioxide decreased nitrogen content and increased C:N ratio, trypsin inhibitor activity; however, fertilizer increased nitrogen content and decreased C:N ratio, trypsin inhibitor activity and total phenolic content. Due to the bottom-up effect, S. litura also demonstrated different performance on different treated tomato. When fed S. litura with elevated carbon dioxide treated foliage, the relative growth rate was slower compare to the ambient treatment. This may due to the less host quality, like low nutrition and high defensive compounds. In contrast, S. litura performance was well when feed fertilizer-treated leaves because of improved host pant quality. Statistical analysis indicated fertilizer treatment has a powerful influence compare to carbon dioxide treatment. We concluded that elevated carbon dioxide would change the interaction between crop and its pest in the future. Nevertheless, fertilization compensates the effect of carbon dioxide in agriculture system. Therefore, we suggested being cautious in fertilization to avoid pest from getting benefit and increasing fitness indirectly.

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21

SHI, JIAN-MING, and 石劍明. "Behavior sesponse of male Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to the sex pheromone." Thesis, 1986. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43665260187353071200.

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22

Lee, Ming-Ju, and 李明儒. "Effects of different protein extracts from Nomuraea rileyi cultured fluid on Spodoptera litura larvae." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31973346645524225853.

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碩士
國立中興大學
昆蟲學系所
98
In this study, proteins were extracted through ammonium sulfate salting-out from the entomopathogenic fungus, Nomuraea rileyi, cultured on PDB+Y liquid medium at 12 days after incubation. Four proteins with molecular weights of >100, 50-100, 30-50, and 10-30 kDa were isolated and purified from desalting and centrifugal concentrators. These proteins were quantitated using BCA (bicinchoninic acid) protein assay kit, injected into Spodoptera litura 5th instar larvae, and added into culture media for Sf-21 cell line. The protein contents of 50 kDa or above in salting-out precipitants were 45 times more than those of 10-50 kDa proteins. The larval mortality caused by 50-100 kDa was the highest among all proteins, the LC50 being ca. 348.77 μg/ml. In addition, this protein could lower the larval activity, reduce ingestion of foods and larval weight, fail in molting, and prolong instar duration. However, the proteins with 10-30 kDa could induce apoptosis in Sf-21 cells. Our results proposed that N. rileyi could secrete toxic proteins into cultured fluids to exert at least two toxin strategies, causing hypoplasia and apoptosis against the growth of its insect hosts.

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Ye, Heng Li, and 葉恆立. "Factors affecting the infectivity of entomogenous nematode steinernema carpocapsae weiser on spodoptera litura fab." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21690608176822458086.

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Jao, Hsiao-Yun, and 饒筱芸. "Improvement in pathogenicity of Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus to Spodoptera litura larvae by gene recombination." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92171263003795728831.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
昆蟲學研究所
87
This study was based on the Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpltNPV) to clone the gene which could increase pathogenicity to the larva of S. litura. Furthermore, the gene related to the host range was incorporated to Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) by means of genetic engineering to generate recombinant virus. The recombinant virus was used to feed S. litura larvae for determining its the pathogenicity. First of all, the genomic library of SpltNPV was established by digesting DNA of SpltNPV with several restriction enzymes such as EcoRI. DNA fragments from established genomic library were cloned to the transfer vector pFastBacHTa of AcMNPV. Thirteen clones of recombinant transfer vector contained different EcoRI fragments of SpltNPV were obtained. These transfer vectors were used to generate recombinant AcMNPV by using Bac-to-Bac expression vector system. There were eight different recombinant viruses obtained. The pre-occluded form virus was used to bioassay 1st instar of S. litura. Results revealed that pathogenicity of 8 recombinant viruses were less than 30%, and there were no significant difference between recombinant viruses and wild type AcMNPV. This indicated that all recombinant viruses did not contain host range related gene of SpltNPV. In addition to construction of recombinant viruses containing EcoRI fragment of SpltNPV, the DNA helicase gene that is considered to be related expansion of to host range of AcMNPV was tested in this study too. DNA helicase gene from AcMNPV was cloned to transfer vector pAcSG2-LIC for generating recombinant transfer vector, pALAcH. The putative recombinant transfer vector was cotransfected into SL7B cell with DNA of SpltNPV and liner AcMNPV (BaculoGoldTM) respectively. Treatments after cotransfection was observed under phase inverted microscope to check the polyhedral inclusion bodies （PIB） formation. Only treatment with cotransfected liner AcMNPV appeared significant cytopathic effect, there was no PIB in treatment with cotransfeted SpltNPV. However, after 1-3 subcultures of cotransfection, the progeny virus DNA was extracted and amplified by PCR with AcMNPV helicase gene primer, all cotransfection treatments could obtain the same size of DNA fragments. This means that SpltNPV could replicate in SL7B cell in spite of PIB formation. In order to amplify the helicase gene of SpltNPV, PCR primer was designed by consulting the helicase gene sequence of AcMNPV, SpeiNPV and OpMNPV. Primer from OpNPV was used to amplify specific fragment to make a probe for Southern blot test of SpltNPV. A hybridized band was detected in XbaI fragment with ca. 3.5 kb. This fragment may contain DNA helicase gene of SpltNPV, but need further study.

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SHI, ZHENG-REN, and 石正人. "The use of sex pheromone on the forecasting of tobacco cutworm (Spodoptera litura (F.))." Thesis, 1989. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91483690217428213796.

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Pung, Guan-Hua, and 彭冠華. "The effect of methyl jasmonate acid on tomato seedling and subsequently on Spodoptera litura." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31296260917038890523.

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碩士
國立中興大學
昆蟲學系所
103
To protect themselves, plant may response to insect’s damage through two kinds of defensive mechanisms (constitutive and inducible). Inducible defense appear just after plants were attacked by herbivores through the methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA) systematic action. Previous studies indicated that application of MeJA on plant leaves or the direct insect damage may cause plant’s production of some defense-related substances, such as polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and trypsin inhibitor (TI) which may against insect’s attack. Many research have been conducted to evaluate the effects of sparying MeJA on plant leaf on plants and subsequently on insect herbivores; but only limited studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of MeJA on seeds’ germination and the prime effects against insect herbivores. In this study, tomato seeds were soaked in MeJA of different concentrations and different soaking time. Then, the plant’s defensive proteins, tomato’s performance and short- term growth performance of Spodoptera litura were measured. Results showed that PPO increased by treated with MeJA for 1 hour, while treated with MeJA for 1 day could decerase PPO and TI content. High MeJA concentration could decrease tomato seed germination ration and caused bad larval performance, especially in long time treatment. In summary, we found MeJA could decrease larval performance and tomato’s growth performance. Since this experiment was only tested for seedlings in greenhouse, more studies are needed for the practical use of this idea in the field.

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Chen, Shu-Juan, and 陳淑娟. "Influence of host plants on insecticide tolerance and detoxification enzymes activity of spodoptera litura F." Thesis, 1985. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91475137235787907383.

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Yeh, Chih-Chun, and 葉芷君. "Demographic Assessment and Predation Capacity of Eocanthecona furcellata Fed on Spodoptera litura and Plutella xylostella." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fnyy89.

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碩士
國立中興大學
昆蟲學系所
102
Spodoptera litura (F.) and Plutella xylostella L. are important insect pests on agricultural crops in Asian countries. With the concern of food safety and environmental protection, biological control is good to reduce pesticide application. Knowing basic information of the predaceous bug, Eocanthecona furcellata, can provide us a comprehensive understanding of its population growth potential on different preys. In this study, the performance of E. furcellata reared on the tobacco cutworm and diamondback moth was conducted in laboratory at 25 ± 1?C, 60 ± 10% RH, and a photoperiod of 12:12 (L:D). According to the age-stage, two-sex life table, the intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate, and net reproductive rate were higher on P. xylostella (0.1389 d-1, 1.1490 d-1, 292.4 offspring) than on S. litura (0.1220 d-1, 1.1298 d-1, 272.3 offspring). The mean generation time was longer on S. litura (45.8 d) than on P. xylostella (40.8 d). However, the net predation rates were 644.1 larvae and 863.1 larvae on P. xylostella and S. litura, respectively, therefore, our study suggested that E. furcellata is more devouring and has better control potential on S. litura than on P. xylostella. Additionally, for mass rearing system, using the diamondback moth as food source was a better and economical method. In greenhouse, the predation capacity of E. furcellata on S. litura was evaluated with adults or the 3rd instar nymphs at three release rates, i.e. 1, 3, 5 adults or 5, 15, 25 nymphs as low, medium and high rates, individually. Releasing either nymphs or adults at medium and high rates had significantly decreasing the abundance of S. litura larvae on the 10th day after application. The mean survival rates of released nymphs and adults among three rates were 40~85% and 75~100%; the mortality was caused by the cannibalism among nymphs or the attack by larvae of S. litura. On the view of cost and benefit, the nymphs would be the better option agents to be released, in spite of the higher predation of adults. Additionally, the flight ability of adults may make them move out of the expected controlled-area, even the pests were still there. However, this scenario would not happen in the immature stages, thus the control efficacy would be promised while releasing nymphs. We recommend that the release rate should be one adult or nymph once S. litura reaching the density of 6 larvae or 2 larvae per cabbage plant in greenhouse.

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Liu, Hsiao-Chien, and 劉筱茜. "Evaluation of color light illuminate at night on plant growth and Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) control." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08458847734684637525.

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碩士
國立屏東科技大學
農園生產系所
100
Pests control is the important things in agriculture. Especially, when the crops become agricultural commodities. The effect of pests control are more important. In this study, the four light quality of tubular fluorescent lamp were been used. There are red light, blue light, green light and yellow light. In order to find out the wavelength of light which is the most sensitivity of pests. And which one is suitable to against the pests. Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duchessne) will use to be host plant. In this experiment, strawberry will be stimulated by red light. It can promote the leaf number increase, the runner and leaf size also too. Yellow light will promote the rate of photosynthesis of strawberry. However, the pedicel number, number of flower and the fruit number will increase by green light. There has always been closely between chlorophyll and photosynthesis. The chlorophyll content of yellow light treatment is the largest. In addition, the most flavonoids content will be find on blue light treatment. After different color of light illuminate on strawberry, the great amount of anthocyanin content will find in blue light treatment. Another experiment in this study, use 4 host plants （tuberose, rose, jessamine and gladiolus）in order to repellent tobacco cutworm（Spodoptera litura）. Set up different light intensity of green light and yellow light（light source 150 cm and 250 cm from the ground）. In high light intensity of green light, tuberose and rose has more chlorophyll content and flavonoids content. In high light intensity of yellow light, jessamine has more chlorophyll content. In low light intensity of yellow light, jessamine has more flavonoids content. Gladiolus has more chlorophyll content that grow in high light intensity of yellow light and more flavonoids content in low light intensity of green light. Tuberose, rose and gladiolus show the low percent of pest bites in different light quality and light intensity. Roses leaves flavonoids and gladiolus leaves flavonoids between percent of pest bites was negatively. The flavonoids content are more, the percent of pest bites is lower. About pests control, the yellow of light is resultful to against nocturnal pests. However, light intensity has no effect on the pests. The results of the study are effective in insect pest control, but it would have an adverse effect of the plant.

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Ting, Rou-Shin, and 丁柔心. "The Study of Utilization the Parasitoid Wasp, Snellenius manilae (Ashmead) to Control Spodoptera litura (Fabricius)." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79020836837061469566.

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碩士
國立中興大學
昆蟲學系所
99
The larva of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) is a generalist pest in Taiwan. It causes serious economic losses on several important crops. In the past, using pesticides is the main way to control this pest. However, pesticides not only cause the pollution in environment but may also injure our health. Recently, sustainable agriculture and organic farming practices promote using natural way to control the pests. There are two advantages, specialization and actively proliferate, gradually parasitoids become more important for pest control. Snellenius manilae (Ashmead) is one kind of parasitical enemies for S. litura. S. manilae is a solitary larval endoparasitoid, and its host range covers only several species of Noctuidae of Lepidoptera. Therefore, this parasitoid becomes a suitable natural enemy to control S. litura. The purpose of this study was to identify the optimal host instars and growth temperature for S. manilae, knowing the oviposition dynamics of S. manilae, and test the effect of cocoon cold storage. The results indicated that the second instar of S. litura could be the most suitable host instar, and the suitable growth temperature for S. manilae is 25-30℃. Each female of S. manilae could parasitize 214.4 offspring averagely, and 64% of eggs were laid on the first four days after female eclosion. Therefore, it is promising to use S. manilae controlling S. litura population. In addition, no matter S. manilae cocoons were stored in 10 or 15℃, it should not be stored over than one week. In the future, study for applying S. manilae in field is necessary. Combine with monitoring of S. litura population, mass releases S. manilae at the right time may able to control S. litura effectively.

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OU-YANG, SHENG-ZHI, and 歐陽盛芝. "The copulation, oviposition and flight of tobacco cutworm (Spodoptera litura (Fabricius)) reared with artificial diet." Thesis, 1989. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43083449719659402064.

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32

Lin, Hwei-Jan, and 林惠珍. "Induction of virulence variants of the entomopathogenic fungus, Nomuraea rileyi, against the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30606598541528855967.

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碩士
國立中興大學
昆蟲學系
88
Induction of virulence variants of the entomopathogenic fungus, Nomuraea rileyi, against the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura Hwei-Jan Lin Summary Nine fungal isolates were collected and purified from the infected larvae found in the field, and identified to be Nomuraea rileyi. Growth of these nine isolates at different temperatures was examined. Conidia of all isolates failed to germinate at 35℃and only few isolates could germinate at 15℃. However, they were capable of germinating at 20-30℃, although their germination rate was different. The TC isolate took 60, 36, and 48 hr to reach 100 % germination at 20, 25, and 30℃, respectively. In the same condition, the TC isolate was superior to others in germination. No mycelial growth was found in all isolates at 15 or 35℃. But 9 isolates grew well and sporulated at 20-25℃. The optimum temperatures for mycelial growth and sporulation were found to be at 20-25℃. None could sporulate at 30℃ except the WF isolate. This isolate was though to be most adaptive to high temperatures comparing with other isolates. Different larval stages of the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura, varied with susceptibility to N. rileyi. Mortalities of 2nd/3rd, 4th, and 5th instars of S. litura were 70, 40, and 20%, respectively, when inoculated with 1´106 conidia/ml of TC isolate. However 1st and 6th instars were not susceptible to this fungus, indicating that 2nd and 3rd instars were most susceptible to N. rileyi. Among 9 isolates, TC and WF isolates were most pathogenic to insect host as assayed with S. litura larvae. Exposure of WF and TC isolates to UV light at 254 nm induced 19 and 36 variants, respectively. Variants of TC isolate were more tolerable to UV light than WF isolate’s variants. Bioassay showed that the variants, TC-171, TC3, WF144, WF151, WF167, and WF133, had lower LC50 values than other isolates, and have the potential for microbial control. Seventeen chemicals were tested for their inhibition to mycelial growth of different variants. All of herbicides and insecticides tested were not inhibitory to isolates of N. rileyi. However, three fungicides including maneb, mancozeb, and copper oxychloride + mancozeb showed inhibition to mycelial growth of TC and WF isolates. The variants, TC-168、WF-61、WF-245 and WF-424, TC-17、TC-68、TC-83、TC-159、TC-168、TC-169 and WF-245, TC-10、TC-19、TC-21、TC-32、TC-45、TC-68、TC-77、TC-83、TC-94、TC-112、TC-138、TC-159、TC-162、TC-164、TC-169、TC-182、WF-61、WF-245、WF-413、WF-424 and WF-650, could grow upon treatments with mancozeb, maneb, and copper oxychloride + mancozeb.

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33

Shihshu-lien, Shu-Lien ShihShu-Lien ShihShu-Lien, and 施淑蓮. "Effect of the toxin produced by the entomopathogenic fungus, Nomuraea rileyi, on larvae of Spodoptera litura." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24211408400344508293.

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碩士
國立中興大學
昆蟲學系
93
The entomopathgenic fungus, Nomuraea rileyi, is pathogenic to over 30 species of Lepidoptera. Investigations on the toxin produced by N. rileyi were little, and not as many as those by Metarhizium anisopliae or Beauveria bassiana. The purpose of this study was to find out whether N. rileyi produces mycotoxin and causes toxicity to Spodoptera litura larvae during pathogenic process. Seventeen isolates of N. rileyi were cultivated with PDB+Y medium for 12 days in the laboratory. Then, the culture filtrates were injected into haemocoel of S. litura 5th instar larvae. The results showed that the toxin produced by isolates SH1 and TC caused 90% or more deterioration to larval growth of S. litura on tenth day, resulting in feeding reduction, incomplete ecdysis and hypoplasia. However, the isolate PZ1 caused 58%, while other isolates caused only 25% or lower. Treatment of S. litura larvae with the filtrated cultures of 17 isolates for 7 days showed that only isolates SH1 and TC were able to significantly decrease the larval weight, causing death finally, indicating that both isolates may produce mycotoxin. The SH1 toxin exhibited a dose-dependent character. The toxic activity on S. litura decreased as treated SH1 culture filtrates with heat, proteinase K or ethanol. This indicated that the toxin molecule in SH1 culture filtrate was protein in nature. A 50k Da protein band was obtained from SH1 culture filtrate using SDS-PAGE. This protein was suspicious to be the active ingredient against S. litura larvae. The cell number of Sf-21 cell lines was reduced after treating with isolate SH1 culture filtrate in vitro at dilutions of 1/600、1/800 and 1/1000. In addition, injection of 3 lepidopteran 4th instar larvae with SH1 culture filtrate resulted in 96% larval mortality in Lymantria xylina, 76% in Helicoverpa armigera and 86% in Galleria mellonella.

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Li, Nian-Jhen, and 李念臻. "Population parameters and food consumption of Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on cabbage, taro, and sesbania." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86224235281774699539.

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碩士
國立中興大學
昆蟲學系所
100
Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) is a polyphagous insect that can damage numerous hosts. Investigations of their life history traits, life table, and food consumption can offer a comprehensive understanding of the population growth potential of S. litura on different plant species. In this study, the performance of S. litura reared on cabbage, taro, and sesbania was investigated in a walk-in growth chamber at 25 ± 1ºC, 60 ± 10% RH, and a photoperiod of 12:12 (L:D). The water, protein, nitrogen, and non-structural carbohydrate contents of these three hosts were analyzed. The nutrient analysis revealed that the protein, nitrogen, and total non-structural carbohydrate contents were much lower on cabbage, though the water content was not. However, the net consumption rate on cabbage was 439.1 cm2 and was 2 to 3 times higher than that for those fed on sesbania (207.8 cm2) and taro (141.7 cm2). Therefore, it might be due to the compensation effect that the results showed the largest head capsule width and heaviest body weight of larvae when the insects were reared on cabbage. The results of the age-stage, two-sex life table showed that the population parameters of net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase, and finite rate of increase were all significantly highest on cabbage (1893.1 offsprings, 0.2374 d-1, 1.2679 d-1), followed by sesbania (1420.1 offspring, 0.2331 d-1, 1.2624 d-1), and lowest on taro (1361.0 offsprings, 0.2298 d-1, 1.2584 d-1). The mean generation time was the shortest on sesbania (31.2 d) and the longest on cabbage (31.8 d). S. litura showed the ability to adapt to varied nutrient contents in different hosts. Cabbage, taro, and sesbania were all suitable hosts for S. litura, but they performed the best on cabbage. S. litura also showed a high population potential on sesbania, which is a major green manure crop in the summer in Taiwan. Because sesbania is widely planted and S. litura can migrate long distances, an efficient pest management program aimed at S. litura in sesbania fields is necessary; otherwise, S. litura can build their population on sesbania and then migrate to adjacent economic crops or weeds, and increase the difficulty in pest management.

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Chang, Yuan, and 張園. "Snellenius manila bracovirus regulates the extracellular adenosine levels in Spodoptera litura to suppress host immune system." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/un4r7k.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
昆蟲學研究所
107
Immune systems require enormous amounts of energy, so organisms tend to redistribute energy from storage and development functions when infected by pathogens. Recent studies in Drosophila melanogaster also indicated that increased extracellular adenosine upon wasp or bacterial infection induces the metabolic switch between developmental tissues and immune cells, which slows down the development of infected larvae but benefits the immune system against pathogens. Extracellular adenosine is a energy signal that mediates the metabolic switch to increase cellular glycolysis, allowing the fat body to convert glucose to trehalose, which is then released to the circulation systems to facilitate immune cell differentiation and activate immune responses. Polydnaviruses (PDVs) are parasitoid symbionts that only replicate in calyx cells of the wasp. When the parasitoid Snellenius manila injects its eggs into a host, its associated bracovirus (Snellenius manila bracovirus, SmBV) are also spread into Spodoptera litura. Thus, the immune system of the host is suppressed by the SmBV. We found that SmBV affects adenosine levels and immune responses. Moreover, after SmBV infection, gene expression levels of adenosine receptor and adenosine deaminase-related growth factor in S. litura were significantly reduced. Additionally, carbohydrate metabolism was affected by adenosine signaling, leading to significant decreases in immune responses, proving that SmBV affects host immune responses through regulation of adenosine content. Injection of artificial adenosine increased host immunity and significantly lowered parasitism rates. Our study showed that PDV can inhibit immune responses through inhibition of adenosine signaling. This result might bring a breakthrough for enhance pest control by using adenosine inhibitors to suppress immune responses of pests.

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Teawkul, Papitchaya, and 張麗婷. "Elevated of CO2 and AM fungi effect on tomato plant and subsequently on Spodoptera litura performance." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48870538226986475962.

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碩士
國立中興大學
昆蟲學系所
103
The elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere due to climate change has been found to impact the relative amount of carbon and nutrients in the plants. The changes in plant chemistry are major factors resolving the value of a plant as a food source to herbivorous insects. However, past studies most focused on effects of CO2 on temperate forest trees; little is known about effects of elevated CO2 on crop plants in the subtropical areas. The purpose of this study assessed the effect of elevated CO2 and soil microbial on chemistry, performance of plant and their insect pest. This thesis can be divided into two chapters; in chapter one, the effects of CO2 on tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) performance, chemistry, and subsequently on Spodoptera litura performance had been investigated. The results indicated that the elevated CO2 had positive effect on tomato plant’s performance. However, elevated CO2 negatively affected plant nutrition. In addition, the raised CO2 concentration had negative impact on the growth performance of S. litura larvae. Besides the effects of elevated CO2, the effect of beneficial microorganism is known for the promotion of plant growth and the improvement of the plant nutrition status. Only handful studies have focused on the interaction of elevated CO2 and arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) fungi to plants and insects. The objective of the second chapter of this study assessed the effect of elevated CO2 and AM fungi on tomato plant growth, foliar chemistry, and on subsequently S. litura performance. This research revealed that both the elevated CO2 and AM fungi can strongly influence the physiology and foliar chemistry of tomato plants. Moreover, the changes of phytochemistry in the plants may play an important role in affecting the growth performance of insect.

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37

邱惠鈞. "Study on the control of spodoptera litura fabricius by aqueous crude extracts of Camellia sp. oilcake." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92debc.

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Huang, Chih-hung, and 黃志弘. "The Measurement of Muscle Vibration of Spodoptera litura in Different Reagent Concentration Based on Optical Triangulation Method." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05182285922813705847.

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碩士
國立中央大學
光電科學研究所碩士在職專班
100
In this paper, we used an optical triangulation method，CMOS sensor, laser light and MATLAB software analysis tools, we selected Spodoptera litura to measure the muscle contraction patterns of change mode to the naked eye hard to identification of dynamic changes to the precision up to 10 μm, the number of minor object point displacement, respectively, to get a variety of stimuli (empty needle stab, 12% formalin, 37% formalin) change in the spot diagram of the time and spectrum. Injecting an empty needle stab inoculation 200nl was injected into the 7th segment of the Spodoptera litura back after the holiday, the measured muscle contraction of the change, and the waveform changes to convert the frequency (or frequency spectrum).The results showed that the empty needle stab of physical injury, serious and persistent damage is not caused by Spodoptera litura larvae; Formalin processing caused by the parasite muscle is quite obvious change, but Formalin-induced amplitude changes did not increase with the concentration continued to increase and become larger.Display the appropriate stimulus, excessive stimulation, the more obvious changes easy to observe. The flow direction of the solution also impact the amplitude change.

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Tzeng, Jing-Mung, and 曾竫萌. "Effects of starvation on the carbohydrate metabolism in the larvae of common cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29542187636507230938.

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碩士
國立中興大學
昆蟲學系
89
Carbohydrate metabolism and its possible regulation in larvae of the common armyworm, Spodoptera litura, in response to different physiological conditions were studied. Under normal feeding condition, the concentration of carbohydrate (i.e. blood sugar) in the fifth instar larvae of S. litura , maintained at about 2 mg/ml and began to increase before head capsule slippage. In contrast, the levels during the sixth instar increased gradually and reached about 15-16 mg/ml before pupation. The blood sugar levels of the sixth instar larvae increased significantly within 5 h of starvation and ligation by 25 and 42%, respectively; furthermore, the activity of glycogen phosphorylase in the fat body increased significantly by 24% within 5 h of starvation and by 34% within 2 h of ligation. Nevertheless, the blood sugar concentrations increased significantly within 9 h of ligation, while the percentage of active glycogen phosphorylase in the fat body did not significantly increase. In contrast to the blood sugar, the levels of blood lipid in hemolymph of the sixth instar larvae stayed low under starvation, suggesting that the blood sugar, but not blood lipid, was main energy source for the sixth instar larvae. The blood sugar levels increased by 2.6 fold when refed the 24-h-starved sixth instar larvae for 1 h and then decreased after 2 h, suggesting that there may be a regulatory system to maintain a constant blood sugar level. When refed the 4-h and 8-h-starved sixth instar larvae for 1 h, the fat body glycogen phosphorylase activity was significantly decreased by 16 and 25%, respectively, however, there were no significant changes in the blood sugar concentrations. This inactivation of the enzyme action could also be obtained by injection of 3 mg glucose into the 4-h-starved sixth instar larvae, while injection of 3 mg trehalose was less effective. These results indicate that glucose in the hemolymph may play a role in the regulation of fat body glycogen phosphorylase activity. Neck-ligation increased the blood sugar levels and the glycogen phosphorylase activity in the fat body, suggesting that there may be hypoglycemic factor(s) in the heads. However, the blood sugar concentrations were increased significantly by 28% in 4-h-ligated sixth instar larvae after injection of crude head extracts (2 head equivalents) for 30 min, indicating that there were hyperglycemic factor(s) in head. Additionally, the head extract treatments did not affect the glycogen phosphorylase activity in the fat body, suggesting that the increase in the blood sugar levels was not via the hydrolysis of the fat body glycogen. Moreover, injection of 10 mmole octopamine for 30 min caused significant increase of 26% blood sugar levels and 31% glycogen phosphorylase activity in the fat body, suggesting that ligation may cause the release of octopamine from nerves to induce hyperglycemia. In conclusion, the results in this study suggest that the starvation stimulates the elevation of blood sugar concentrations and glycogen phosphorylase activity in the fat body of S. litura larvae，it is probably cuased by a decrease of glucose in the hemolymph. Hyperglycemic factor(s) in the head and stress-induced release of octopamine may manage the supply of carbohydrates during starvation.

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Lee, Shu-Tseng, and 李淑增. "Enhancing Factors of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus of Spodoptera litura and the Quantitative of Plutella xylostells Granulosis Virus." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63596149658065483402.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
植物病蟲害學系
84
The enhancing factors of SpltNPV was studied. In order to enhance the virulence of SpltNPV, we mixed several chemicals to the virus suspension to study the efficacy of enhancement. Our result revealed that SpltNPV was the most effective one against the Sl larvae. When we added the chemicals into the medium, the SL7B cell line could grow when the concentration was 0.01%. Therefore, we measured the TCID50 of SlECV with or without chemicals. The results showed several chemicals could lower the TCID50 of SLECV. The TCID50 of inoculant of SlECV was 3.09×10-8, bur, if we add 0.01 % sorbic acid or boric acid into the medium,the TCID50 could reduce to 1×10-8. However, 1% chemicals added to artifical diet were harmless to Sl larvae, the virus suspension containing 1% chemicals could increase the mortality of larvae. The mortality of larvae increased with increasing of chemicals' concentration in the virus suspension, except the fluorescent brightener 28. In addition to the chemicals, the granulosis virus（GV）could also enhance the effect of SpltNPV. The Kao Hsiung Plutella xylostella GV (PxGV) was the most effective to enhance the virulence of NPV. For estimating the concentration of GV, we established a method for purification and quantitation. The concentration of PxGV was estimated by mixing with latex and was observed by TEM. Better results were obtained when the latex diluted 100X. Absorbance of the PxGV mixture was measured by a spectrophotometer. The absorbance peak located between 200-300nm. The OD of different concentrations of PxGV were estimated under various wavelengths. The absorbance of PxGV increase with the concentration increasing and there was a significant relationship between absorbance and PxGV concentration. When comparing the absorbance at different wavelengths, the absorbance decrease with an increase of wavelength to estimate the concentration of PxGV.

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Chang, Jui-Chu, and 張瑞珠. "Modification of Cell Culture Methods and the Expression of Two Foreign Proteins in Spodoptera litura Cell Lines." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70140599473749792719.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
植物病蟲害學系
82
The purposes of this article is to evaluate the potential appli- ation of three Spodoptera litura cell lines(SL1A,7A,7B). In this study, we compare 5 cell lines using growth curve of cells, virulence, PIBs and recombinant protein products as indicators. Two of them are commercilized,i.e.SF9 and SF21AE cell lines. The results show that the population doubling times of SL1A,SL7A,SL7B and SF9were 27.4,39.1,27.7and 28.0,respectively.In the point view of TCID50, SF9 cell line appeared better than the others.The averages PIB numbers per cell in SL1A,SL7A,SL7B,SF9 and SF21AE were 25,24,35,27and 15,respectively.The yield of foreign proteins ,CAT,of SL7B cell line was higher than those of SF9 and SF21AE by twice and/or thrice. The production of other foreign proteins, HBsAg , the yields in SF21 and SL7A cell lines were better than others.It implies some of cell lines may express a particular gene better than the others.SL7B cell line could grow in sus- pension culture as well as SF9.According to the above experiments ,SL7B cell line was the best one out of the others, so the rest of the experiment takes SL7B cell line for target to do others tests.In four commercial media(Grace,TC-100,M.M.,TNM-FH)test, TNM- FH is the most suitable one for culture SL7B cell line. In different concentration serum tests,8% concentration is the best one, not only in cell growth curve but the number of PIB pro- duction.SL7B cell line could culture both in serum-free media(SF 900-II,ISC-06)and/or in simple media prepared by autoclaved di- luted sea water(ISC-02,03,04,05).The yields of foreign proteins, CAT,by cells cultued in ISC-03 and TNM-FH media were similar.SL7B cell line can cultivate in the medium containing an ultrafiltrate fraction of fresh milk and the replace of milk to serum could in- hibite virus infection.In conclusion,SL7B cell may become com- mercial cell line as SF9 for host cell to baculovirus express vector system.

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Lin, Ren Wei, and 林仁偉. "Construction of recombinant baculovirus containing melanin gene and the preliminary molecular studies on spodoptera litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07641768277165611775.

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Chen, Si-En, and 陳思恩. "Effect of host plant species on growth performance and preference of Spodoptera litura and its parasitoid Snellenius manilae." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14354820403151998043.

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碩士
國立中興大學
昆蟲學系所
103
Spodoptera litura is a generalist insect herbivore and also an important agricultural insect pest in many agricultural cropping systems. All instars of larvae can feed on crop plants. Snellenius manilae is a larval parasitoid of Spodoptera species. In Taiwan, it is common found over the field; therefore, S. manilae became a very suitable bio-control agent. However, little is known about the relationship among host plant - S. litura - S. manilae; the purpose of this study is to realize the effect of host plant on the host feeding and host-searching behavior, and the indirect impact of host plant to the parasitoid. The study divided into two parts, first part is the different plant family test, and second part is same plant family test. The results show that the oviposition of female adult S. litura is not different among plant species. The S. litura larval test reveals different result between the feeding choice and development in the different plant families. The parasitoid, S. manilae, prefer to parasitize the larvae of S. litura on the cabbage, even the development and growth test revealed the similar trend. This study also demonstrated the difference with S. litura larvae choice test and S. manilae parasitic choice test. This implies that plant might have different factors to influence the host and parasitoid.

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Hummelbrunner, Laurin Arthur. "Acute, sublethal and synergistic effects of some essential oil constituents against the Asian armyworm, spodoptera litura (lepidoptera: noctuidae) |." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/10292.

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Public concerns over synthetic pesticides have stimulated the search for alternative methods of control. Plant essential oils are the odorous components and secondary metabolites that can be separated from other plant tissues through steam distillation. Generally regarded as plant defenses against herbivory, they have demonstrated acute toxicity to various insect species and are of interest for the development of 'ecologically friendly' pesticides. After identifying three main active ingredients in several samples of commercial fragrance oils against the Asian armyworm, Spodoptera litura, a number of related compounds were also tested for acute toxicity (measured as LD5 0). The most toxic was thymol (LD50=25.4 jj.g/larva). Compounds were then tested for sublethal effects. Growth inhibition after topical application and feeding deterrence using leaf-disc choice experiments were determined. An LD1 0 dose reduces growth by 20% on average three days after topical application, and the most deterrent compound to feeding was thymol, with a DC5 0 of 85.6 u.g/cm2 leaf disc area. Since minor constituents in complex essential oils are thought to act as synergists, binary mixtures of the compounds were tested for synergy vis a vis acute toxicity and feeding deterrence. Trans-anethole acts synergistically with thymol, citronellal and a-terpineol. Based on these findings, several complex mixtures were developed and tested as leads for effective control agents. Candidate mixtures demonstrated good synergistic effects. The observed LD5 0 of Mixture 3 was 40.6 u.g/larvae compared to an expected value of 74.6 (.ig/larvae. The result of this research is a proprietary product soon to enter commercial production.

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Chen, Shiao-Han, and 陳曉涵. "Purification of toxin produced by Nomuraea rileyi and its effects on growth and development of Spodoptera litura larvae." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10774727484925650764.

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碩士
國立中興大學
昆蟲學系所
95
Cultured filtrate of the entomopathogenic fungus, Nomuraea rileyi SH1, seems contain proteinaceous substances which are inhibitory to larval growth of Spodoptera litura. The cultured filtrate of 12-h-culture were purified with ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration, and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. SDS-PADE profile showed that the final toxic fraction consisted of two protein bands, both with a molecular weight of ca. 30 kDa and an isoelectric point of 9.7. Injection of S. litura fifth-instar larvae with the purified proteins caused 95.56% mortality. However, 40% of the filtrate-injected fifth-instar larvae was able to recover from growth retardation and to pupate normally when injected with 10-6 M 20-hydroxyecdysone every 24 h, totaling 7 times. The rescue effect on larval death by injection of 20-hydroxyecdysone was a dose-dependent response. Although 20-hydroxyecdysone at 10-4 M could rescue the filtrate-injected larvae from intoxication, their body weight increased slowly and fifth-instar duration extended 1-2 days. Once the sixth-instar larvae molted from the fluid-injected fifth-instars, they grew normally without any adverse effect and could emerge to adult. Injection of fifth-instar larvae with 20-hydroxyecdysone which had been treated with N. rileyi cultured filtrate (M20E) could not rescue the filtrate-injected larvae, resulting in only 7.5% pupation of these larvae. However, M20E-treated larvae which had been injected with fungal cultured filtrate could be rescued by injecting 10-4 M 20-hydroxyecdysone, resulting in 47.75% pupation. Therefore, it seems that the toxic proteins produced by N. rileyi SH1 interfere with hormonal action in S. litura.

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Chen, Jaosn Y., and 陳輿賢. "Infection and pathogenicity of two entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema abbasi and S. carpocapsae (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) to Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84941596735417689012.

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碩士
國立中興大學
昆蟲學系
92
Comparison of pathogenicity of Steinernema carpocapsae All strain and S. abbasi to Spodoptera litura 5th larvae was conducted in this study. When applied different numbers from 1, 5 and 10 infective juveniles (IJs), both could kill hosts, but the virulence of S. carpocapsae is higher than that of S. abbasi. The LD50 values of S. carpocapsae and S. abbasi to S. litura larva were 2.94 IJs/ larva and 4.28 IJs/ larva, respectively. The host searching ability was not significantly different between two species, however, at different temperatures, the invading ability of S. carpocapsae is higher than that of S. abbasi, but the invading ability of S. carpocapsae to S. litura larva is better at 20℃, than at 30℃, while the invading ability of S. abbasi was contrary. The one-on-one bioassay of two entomopathogenic nematodes at different temperatures showed that the pathogenicity of both species was influenced by temperatures, the pathogenicity of S. carpocapsae was better at lower temperature, whereas that of S. abbasi was better at higher temperatures. The symbiont growth rates of two entomopathogenic nematodes were similar at OD550nm absorbance but less different in log phase of colony forming units (CFUs) measurement when incubated in nutrient broth, but the larvicidal activity of S. abbasi symbiont is higher than that of S. carpocapsae symbiont to S. litura. After amplifying the symbiont partial 16S rDNA sequence of two entomopathogenic nematodes, we compared the similarity grouping dendrogram applied with UPGMA method and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern digested with 6 restriction enzymes. It was suggested that the symbiotic bacterium of S. abbasi belongs to the genus Xenorhabdus but not conspecific to X. nematophilus.

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Wu, Ming-Cheng, and 吳明城. "Effects of juvenile hormone (JH) on the glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the fat body of Spodoptera litura larvae." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39212753454610730915.

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碩士
國立中興大學
昆蟲學系
92
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a family of multi-functional enzymes that have roles on the functions of metabolism or as carrier proteins. Previous study has demonstrated that the fat body GST activity of Spodoptera litura larvae is able to be induced by juvenile hormone analog (JHA) treatments. In this continuous study, a similar result was observed by JH-Ⅲ treatments. Furthermore, the JH-dependent GST activation was controlled on its gene level based on the results of the treatments with transcriptional and translational inhibitor, respectively. Afterwards, GSTs were isolated from the fat body of S. litura larvae by GSH-agarose affinity chromatography, and two groups of JHA-induced GSTs were observed. One of two groups of GSTs was selected to determine its N-terminal sequence, and it turned out 16 amino acids sequence to be obtained. On the other hand, a full-length cDNA with 784 bp was obtained, named SlGST1 (accession number is AY506545), which based on a partial sequence of GST from a subtractive cDNA library, and its first 16 amino acids of N-terminal sequence are consistent with the N-terminal sequence of the purified GST protein. Then SlGST1 was used as cDNA probe to detect its expression, resulting that SlGST1 was able to be induced by JHA in the fat bodies of sixth instar larvae. The sequence of alignment revealed the SlGST1 was classified into epsilon group, which has been implicated in conferring insecticide resistance. What is the physiological role of the SlGST1? It is unclear; however, I speculate that the inductive effect may be involved in response to both hormonal and toxicological stimulation.

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Lin, Wei-Ting, and 林瑋廷. "Assessment of Meteorus pulchricornis (Wesmael) (Hymenoptera: Braconidas) parasitize the larvae of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Life-table." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/f6crb9.

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碩士
國立中興大學
昆蟲學系所
106
Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) is an omnivorous pest with a large range of host plants. This insect distributes widely and endangers many crops; serious economic losses were occurred. Many types of natural enemies of S. litura can be found in the field and there are 71 parasitic natural enemies were described. Meteorus pulchricornis (Wesmae) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is the one of parasitic wasps of S. litura; the wasp has a large range of host insects. Because M. pulchricornis is a thelytokous parthenogeaesis insect, therefore only females could be found in Taiwan and it might be considered as a potential candidate for development in biological control. When the S. litura larvae were collected in the field, the cocoon of the M. pulchricornis would also be found nearby the S. litura larvae. Therefore, we would like to learn more about the interacting relationship between S. litura and M. pulchricornis, this knowledge could have impact on future large-scale production of this biological control agent. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to observe the growth performance of the M. pulchricornis which parasitized on S. litura larvae and also to analyze the information by the life table analysis. This could help to assess the biological control ability of the parasitoids. The experimental results showed that the total number of individuals (101) that successfully develop from immature to cocoon and 92 successfully developed as female, and the developmental time of immature, cocoon and female was 9.9, 6.9 and 26.3 days respectively. From immature to female stage, the total longevity was 43.69 days. The longest immature, cocoon and female was 14, 10 and 38 days respectively. The total number of successful offspring for all adults was 236. The APOP and TPOP were 10.4 and 27.0 days. The net reproductive rate (R_0) was 2.34 (offspring / ♀) and the intrinsic rate of increase (r) was 0.0272 d^(-1), the finite rate of increase (λ) was 1.0276 d^(-1), the mean generation time (T) was 31.1 days, the net consumption rate (C_0) was 3.34 (host / ♀), transformation rate (Q_p) was 1.43 (host / d).The stable parasitism rate (ψ) was 0.0405 (host / d) finite parasitism rate (ω) was 0.0416 (host / d). Based on the data from this study, it is inferred that the M. pulchricornis grew in S. litura larvae; the parasitoid take a longer time to develop and the parasitism is relatively poor. Therefore, the S. litura larvae might not be the major host insect for the M. pulchricornis. It would take a big number of M. pulchricornis for controlling the S. litura larvae for application. Therefore, more studies are needed to identify the proper rearing host for M. pulchricornis in order to facilitate the use of this biological control agent.

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Sripontan, Yuwatida, and 尤婉緹. "The effect of plant growth promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) with different factors on plant performance and subsequent Spodoptera litura performance." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01956716831835687641.

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博士
國立中興大學
昆蟲學系所
103
Plant growth promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) has various factors to influence their mechanism which could promote plant growth and foliar chemical compound. However, little is known about the interaction effect between PGPMs with different factors. The objective of this study assessed the interaction of PGPMs with various factors on plant growth, foliar chemistry, and subsequent Spodoptera litura feeding performance. PGPMs (a fungus and bacteria mixture) were inoculated with different factors; [soil type (field soil and commercial growth medium), plant species (cabbage and tomato), fertilizer level (none, half, and full), and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) (none-MeJA and MeJA)]. Foliage from different treated plants was fed to third-instar S. litura larva and collected to assess the plant growth parameters and foliar chemistry. The results indicated that the PGPMs inoculation had positive effect on plant growth. PGPMs affect plants’ nutrient compounds and had negative effect on S. litura performance. Moreover, PGPMs species will perform differently in different plant species. PGPMs would perform best when inoculated in the commercial soil which contains suitable nutrients. In addition, fertilizer and PGPMs has positive effect on plant that the combined fungus Meyerozyma guilliermondii and fertilizer treatment promoted the greatest plant growth; but the effects on insect are opposite. Moreover, MeJA application has strong effect than PGPMs on plant growth and insect performance. MeJA application alone triggered a remarkable plant-defense response and exerted a significant effect on insect herbivores. The interaction between MeJA and PGPM applications might occur and affect certain plant-defensive chemicals. In summary, my study suggests that the function of PGPMs might be affected by various factors. Therefore, the future use of PGPMs should consider the soil type, plant species, fertilizer level, and plant environment before application to obtain their appropriate efficacy.

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Lee, Han-Jung, and 李函蓉. "The effect of herbivore-induced cabbage on the generalist pest, Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) and its parasitoid, Snellenius manilae (Hymenoptera:Braconidae)." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74839471717774375434.

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碩士
國立中興大學
昆蟲學系所
101
Multiple herbivorous species may attack the host plant simultaneously in the field. To protect themselves, plants would exhibit some direct and/or indirect defenses to decrease damages after herbivory. In the past, scientists have studied the specific herbivore-induced defense mechanisms, and found different responses might be induced by different insects. Based on the insect-plant coevolution ideas, different specialized herbivores might induce different plant defense. However, this concept has not been proved. Besides, when plants were damaged by multiple insects simultaneously, the induced response of plants may change. In the other hand, the plant defense response may be more complicated when consider the effect to higher trophic level, for example, natural enemies. Plant direct defense is not only used to against herbivores, but may also affect natural enemies by decrease host insect quality or immunity. How plants balanced between direct and indirect defense under mono- or multiple-pests challenge is still one of the core question of coevolution theory. In this study, Brassica oleracea, Pieris rapae, Spodoptera litura, and Snellenius manilae were used to investigate the interaction among plant, insect, and natural enemy. The results showed polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity was significantly depressed by P. rapae induction, but not by S. litura at the seventy-two hour short-term insect performance. The depression of PPO activity, however, did not increase insect performances. Even, S. litura fed on P. rapae treated cabbage had the lowest ECI. In insect short-term experiment (72 hr.), S. litura fed on combine treated cabbage showed lowest RCR and total consumed area. And, in the long-term parasitoid performance experiment, there was a tendency that egg and larvae development time, and cocoon weight of Sn. manilae were prolong and lighter, when their host insects fed on S. litura induced cabbage. In this case, P. rapae induced more secondary metabolites that S. litura cannot detoxify or tolerance, and multiple herbivore attack induced more deterrents was expect. Sn. manilae growth performances were not easily influenced by insect induced cabbage plant. The strategy of integrated pest management may be affected after thoroughly to understand the relationship between plants, herbivores, their natural enemies, that the relation between tri-trophic system need more effort on it.

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