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Journal articles on the topic 'Spoken language'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Jerger, James. "Spoken Words versus Spoken Language." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 17, no. 07 (2006): i—ii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1715680.

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2

Winters, Margaret E., and Paul Meara. "Spoken Language." Modern Language Journal 72, no. 2 (1988): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/328250.

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Siniscalchi, Sabato Marco, Jeremy Reed, Torbjørn Svendsen, and Chin-Hui Lee. "Universal attribute characterization of spoken languages for automatic spoken language recognition." Computer Speech & Language 27, no. 1 (2013): 209–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csl.2012.05.001.

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4

CIENKI, ALAN. "Spoken language usage events." Language and Cognition 7, no. 4 (2015): 499–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2015.20.

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abstractAs an explicitly usage-based model of language structure (Barlow & Kemmer, 2000), cognitive grammar draws on the notion of ‘usage events’ of language as the starting point from which linguistic units are schematized by language users. To be true to this claim for spoken languages, phenomena such as non-lexical sounds, intonation patterns, and certain uses of gesture should be taken into account to the degree to which they constitute the phonological pole of signs, paired in entrenched ways with conceptual content. Following through on this view of usage events also means realizing

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5

Makhoul, J., F. Jelinek, L. Rabiner, C. Weinstein, and V. Zue. "Spoken Language Systems." Annual Review of Computer Science 4, no. 1 (1990): 481–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cs.04.060190.002405.

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6

Yule, George. "The Spoken Language." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 10 (March 1989): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500001276.

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The investigation of aspects of the spoken language from a pedagogical perspective in recent years has tended, with a few exceptions, to be indirect and typically subordinate to considerations of other topics such as acquisition processes, cognitive constraints on learning, cross-cultural factors, and many others. At the same time, there has been a broad movement in language teaching away from organizing courses in terms of discrete skills such as speaking or listening and towards more holistic or integrated classroom experiences for learners. There is no reason to suspect that these trends wi

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7

Walker, Marilyn A., and Owen C. Rambow. "Spoken language generation." Computer Speech & Language 16, no. 3-4 (2002): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0885-2308(02)00029-3.

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8

Grotjahn, Rüdiger. "Testing spoken language." System 16, no. 3 (1988): 393–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0346-251x(88)90084-x.

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Ye-Yi Wang, Li Deng, and A. Acero. "Spoken language understanding." IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 22, no. 5 (2005): 16–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/msp.2005.1511821.

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De Mori, R., F. Bechet, D. Hakkani-Tur, M. McTear, G. Riccardi, and G. Tur. "Spoken language understanding." IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 25, no. 3 (2008): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/msp.2008.918413.

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Waibel, A., and C. Fugen. "Spoken language translation." IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 25, no. 3 (2008): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/msp.2008.918415.

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Stokoe, William C. "Sign Language versus Spoken Language." Sign Language Studies 1, no. 4 (2001): 407–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sls.2001.0017.

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Rodriguez, Fatima, Sandra E. Echeverria, Sri Ram Pentakota, Chioma Amadi, Katherine G. Hastings, and Latha P. Palaniappan. "Comparison of Ideal Cardiovascular Health Attainment and Acculturation among Asian Americans and Latinos." Ethnicity & Disease 29, no. 2 (2019): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.29.2.287.

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Objective: To determine the association between language and ideal cardiovascular health among Asian Americans and Latinos.Design/ Study Participants: Cross-sectional study using 2011-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of Asian Americans (n=2,009) and Latinos (n=3,906).Interventions: Participants were classified according to language spoken at home (only/mostly English spoken, both English and native language spoken equally, or mostly/only native language spoken).Outcomes: Ideal, intermediate and poor cardiovascular health status for smoking, blood pressure, glucose level, a

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14

van der Hulst, Harry. "Units in the analysis of signs." Phonology 10, no. 2 (1993): 209–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095267570000004x.

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The assumption that there is a common set of linguistic principles underlying both spoken language and sign language phonology, which forms part of the human language capacity, is shared by most phonologists working on sign language. See Sandler (1993a) for an extensive discussion of these issues. But even though this assumption is reasonable, since both spoken and signed languages are products of the same human brain and fulfil the same function, it is not clear that theories of representation which have been proposed for spoken languages can be directly applied to the structure of sign langu

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Sone, Piyush, Apoorva Kale, and Maneesha Mohan. "Exploring assessment of spoken language processing in spoken language processing disorder." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 7, no. 3 (2021): 536. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20210490.

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<p class="abstract">Spoken language processing model by Medwetsky in the year 2011, provides an overview of auditory, cognitive and language mechanisms engaged in the processing of spoken language. It shows how deficits in the various stages of processing can be manifested and provides a framework of developing an effective interdisciplinary test battery. Present case study was designed to provide a novel way of assessment for children with spoken language processing disorders. An 8 years old Marathi speaking child who showed difficulty in following the instructions and poor attention wa

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RINALDI, PASQUALE, and MARIA CRISTINA CASELLI. "Language development in a bimodal bilingual child with cochlear implant: A longitudinal study." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 17, no. 4 (2014): 798–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728913000849.

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To address the negative effects of deafness on spoken language acquisition, many clinicians suggest using cochlear implant (CI) and oral education and advise against sign language, even when combined with spoken language (i.e., bilingualism), believing that it may slow down spoken language development. In a deaf child with CI who was exposed at an early age to Italian Sign Language and spoken Italian, we evaluated language development and the relationship between the two languages. The number of words/signs produced by the child consistently increased with age, and the vocabulary growth rate i

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Kirom, Makhi Ulil. "اللغة الهجين واللغة المولدة". LUGAWIYYAT 3, № 2 (2021): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/lg.v3i2.14022.

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Language is speech, as Ibn Jinni defined it. This definition goes to the growth of the spoken language in society. It is well known that the spoken language is more developed and used than the written language. This research aims to explain the conditions of the spoken language and its changes. First of all, we divide this spoken language into two parts, pidgin language and creole language. While a pidgin language arises from efforts to communicate between speakers of different languages, a creole language is born from the natural language that develops from the simplifying and mixing of diffe

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18

Gabarró-López, Sílvia, and Laurence Meurant. "Contrasting signed and spoken languages." Languages in Contrast 22, no. 2 (2022): 169–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.00024.gab.

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Abstract For years, the study of spoken languages, on the basis of written and then also oral productions, was the only way to investigate the human language capacity. As an introduction to this first volume of Languages in Contrast devoted to the comparison of spoken and signed languages, we propose to look at the reasons for the late emergence of the consideration of signed languages and multimodality in language studies. Next, the main stages of the history of sign language research are summarized. We highlight the benefits of studying cross-modal and multimodal data, as opposed to the isol

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19

Allwood, Jens, Peter Juel Henrichsen, Leif Grönqvist, Elisabeth Ahlsén, and Magnus Gunnarsson. "Transliteration between spoken language corpora." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 28, no. 1 (2005): 5–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586505001307.

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Comparison of languages and linguistic data is essential if progress in our understanding of the nature of spoken languages is to be made. We understand phenomena better through comparison and contrast. This paper discusses problems that arise in trying to transfer a spoken language corpus transcribed and formatted according to one standard into the standard and format of another corpus. The problems that arise are related both to the differences that exist between the standards of the corpora and to human errors leading to lack of reliability in creating the transcriptions. Although the discu

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20

Wong, Yullips Ziwen. "Written, scratch and spelling languages." Macrolinguistics and Microlinguistics 2, no. 1 (2021): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/mami.v2n1.15.

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Language is a sound system. Linguistics sees language as spoken language, spoken language, not written language. However, linguistics does not close itself to written language, because anything related to language is also an object of linguistics. Oral language linguistics is primary, while written language is secondary. In that language, there is no known written language variety, only spoken language variety. Written language can be considered as a "record" of spoken language, as a human effort to "store" the language or to be conveyed to other people who are in a different space and time. H

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21

Lindeberg, Dag Johan. "Measuring language dominance in bilinguals with two sign languages." Language, Interaction and Acquisition 13, no. 2 (2022): 175–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lia.22004.lin.

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Abstract This study examines whether a multi-faceted construct of language dominance developed for spoken languages applies to signed language bilinguals. Sign languages have been described as highly iconic and relatively similar to each other compared to spoken languages. Attaining fluency in the signed modality might well require considerably less effort, and balanced bilingualism may be more prevalent in the signed modality. Language dominance constructs, as currently understood, might differ in the spoken and signed modality. Forty bilinguals with two sign languages responded to a language

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22

Vigliocco, Gabriella, Pamela Perniss, and David Vinson. "Language as a multimodal phenomenon: implications for language learning, processing and evolution." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369, no. 1651 (2014): 20130292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0292.

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Our understanding of the cognitive and neural underpinnings of language has traditionally been firmly based on spoken Indo-European languages and on language studied as speech or text. However, in face-to-face communication, language is multimodal: speech signals are invariably accompanied by visual information on the face and in manual gestures, and sign languages deploy multiple channels (hands, face and body) in utterance construction. Moreover, the narrow focus on spoken Indo-European languages has entrenched the assumption that language is comprised wholly by an arbitrary system of symbol

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23

Negret, Pablo Jose, Scott C. Atkinson, Bradley K. Woodworth, et al. "Language barriers in global bird conservation." PLOS ONE 17, no. 4 (2022): e0267151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267151.

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Multiple languages being spoken within a species’ distribution can impede communication among conservation stakeholders, the compilation of scientific information, and the development of effective conservation actions. Here, we investigate the number of official languages spoken within the distributions of 10,863 bird species to identify which species might be particularly affected by consequences of language barriers. We show that 1587 species have 10 languages or more spoken within their distributions. Threatened and migratory species have significantly more languages spoken within their dis

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24

Dreier, Larissa Alice, Boris Zernikow, and Julia Wager. "Quantifying the Language Barrier—A Total Survey of Parents’ Spoken Languages and Local Language Skills as Perceived by Different Professions in Pediatric Palliative Care." Children 7, no. 9 (2020): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children7090118.

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To date, there are no specific figures on the language-related characteristics of families receiving pediatric palliative care. This study aims to gain insights into the languages spoken by parents, their local language skills and the consistency of professional assessments on these aspects. Using an adapted version of the “Common European Framework of Reference for Languages”, the languages and local language skills of parents whose children were admitted to an inpatient pediatric palliative care facility (N = 114) were assessed by (a) medical staff and (b) psychosocial staff. Nearly half of

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25

Hallett, Terry, and James Steiger. "Automated Analysis of Spoken Language." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 3, no. 5 (2015): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol3.iss5.353.

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We studied the number of words spoken by adult males versus females throughout a six-hour day and during three structured monologues. The six-hour samples were captured and analyzed using an automated speech monitoring and assessment system. The three monologues required different language tasks, and analyses of syntactic and semantic complexity were performed for each. There were no significant gender differences except during a reminiscent monologue when males spoke significantly more words and sentences than females. These results conflict with past research and popular (mis)conceptions.

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26

Vollmann, Ralf, and Tek Wooi Soon. "Language change and convergence in multilingual Malaysian Chinese." Global Chinese 6, no. 1 (2020): 49–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/glochi-2020-0002.

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AbstractBackgroundIn the multilingual situation of Malaysia, standard languages and spoken vernaculars are interacting in intricate ways whereby various spoken languages share a pool of words from Malay, English and Mandarin. Structurally, all languages converge and influence the spoken varieties of the standard languages.Material and methodThis contribution observes the situation from the viewpoint of Hakka speakers. In an analysis of the communicative practices in an extended Hakka family and their non-Hakka friends, the interactions of the various languages in borrowing and code-switching h

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27

Ramsey, S. Robert, Eleanor Harz Jorden, and Mari Noda. "Japanese: The Spoken Language." Modern Language Journal 75, no. 1 (1991): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/329875.

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28

Han, Chao. "Assessing spoken-language interpreting." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 24, no. 1 (2021): 59–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.00068.han.

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Abstract In this study, we applied and evaluated a scoring method known as comparative judgement to assess spoken-language interpreting. This methodological exploration represents an extension of previous efforts to optimise scoring methods for assessing interpreting. Essentially, comparative judgement requires judges to compare two similar objects and make a binary decision about their relative qualities. To evaluate its reliability, validity and usefulness in the assessment of interpreting, we recruited two groups of judges (novice and experienced) to assess 66 two-way English/Chinese interp

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29

Nakano, Yoshiko, Eleanor Harz Jorden, and Mari Noda. "Japanese: The Spoken Language." Language 65, no. 4 (1989): 894. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/414972.

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30

Bar-Aba, Esther Borochovsky. "Inconsistencies in spoken language." Studies in Language 32, no. 2 (2008): 265–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.32.2.02bor.

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This paper displays examples of inconsistencies in spontaneous speech. It refers to cases in which the speaker changes his manner of expression while speaking, even though there generally seems to be no objective reason for doing so. I demonstrate the phenomenon in the use of verb tense, of person inflection, of singular/plural form, and of direct/indirect speech. I suggest that these phenomena be viewed as cases in which the speaker tries (not necessarily consciously) to make his speech less monotonous and more attractive to the listener by providing various ways of expression differing mainl

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31

Rayner, Manny, David Carter, Pierrette Bouillon, Vassilis Digalakis, and Mats Wirén. "The Spoken Language Translator." Computational Linguistics 27, no. 1 (2001): 149–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089120101300346840.

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32

White, Hilary. "Promoting spoken language skills." Practical Pre-School 2005, no. 54 (2005): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/prps.2005.1.54.39882.

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33

Brown, Gillian, George Yule, and Neil McKelvie. "Teaching the Spoken Language." RELC Journal 17, no. 1 (1986): 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003368828601700108.

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34

Sargent, Marianne. "Developing our spoken language." Child Care 16, no. 1 (2019): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/chca.2019.16.1.7.

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35

Reiter, Ehud. "The Spoken Language Translator." Artificial Intelligence in Medicine 24, no. 2 (2002): 193–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0933-3657(01)00097-5.

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36

Fung, P., and T. Schultz. "Multilingual spoken language processing." IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 25, no. 3 (2008): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/msp.2008.918417.

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37

Raiker, Andrea. "Spoken Language and Mathematics." Cambridge Journal of Education 32, no. 1 (2002): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057640220116427.

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38

Hodge, Gabrielle, Kazuki Sekine, Adam Schembri, and Trevor Johnston. "Comparing signers and speakers: building a directly comparable corpus of Auslan and Australian English." Corpora 14, no. 1 (2019): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cor.2019.0161.

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The Auslan and Australian English archive and corpus is the first bilingual, multi-modal documentation of a deaf signed language (Auslan, the language of the Australian deaf community) and its ambient spoken language (Australian English). It aims to facilitate the direct comparison of face-to-face, multi-modal talk produced by deaf signers and hearing speakers from the same city. Here, we describe the documentation of the bilingual, multi-modal archive and outline its development pathway into a directly comparable corpus of a signed language and spoken language. We differentiate it from existi

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39

Ostański, Piotr. "Języki używane przez Jezusa na tle sytuacji językowej w rzymskiej Palestynie." Wrocławski Przegląd Teologiczny 23, no. 2 (2015): 45–74. https://doi.org/10.52097/wpt.2347.

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For decades scholarly consensus has held that Jesus spoke and taught mostly in the Aramaic language. To evaluate the accuracy of this assumption, one must investigate which languages were really spoken in Roman Palestine during the first century A.D. The first aim of this paper is to prove that the three ancient languages, Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek were commonly spoken in Israel in Jesus’ times. The second aim is to examine whether the sayings of Jesus in the Greek Gospels record His spoken Greek or perhaps they are translations of what He originally said in Hebrew or Aramaic. The former would

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40

Arik, Engin. "Spatial language: Insights from sign and spoken languages." Sign Language and Linguistics 12, no. 1 (2009): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sll.12.1.04ari.

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Nivre, Joakim, and Leif Grönqvist. "Tagging a Corpus of Spoken Swedish." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 6, no. 1 (2001): 47–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.6.1.03niv.

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In this article, we present and evaluate a method for training a statistical part-of-speech tagger on data from written language and then adapting it to the requirements of tagging a corpus of transcribed spoken language, in our case spoken Swedish. This is currently a significant problem for many research groups working with spoken language, since the availability of tagged training data from spoken language is still very limited for most languages. The overall accuracy of the tagger developed for spoken Swedish is quite respectable, varying from 95% to 97% depending on the tagset used. In co

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42

Alabdalla, Nada. "Formation of Arabic Theatrical Speech Culture in the Context of Language Situation." Observatory of Culture 15, no. 4 (2018): 436–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2018-15-4-436-443.

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The Arabic world’s language situation is characterized by bilingualism (diglossia), as alongside the written language (Fusha), there exist many spoken languages. This situation raises important theoretical and methodological issues before the theatre in general and theatrical pedagogics in particular. The article deals with the problem of orthoepic norms’ lacking in spoken Arabic, which affects both the teaching methods in theatrical high schools and the speech culture in general. In this context, the author gives a short review of language development in Arabic theatre and considers some

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43

Schlenker, Philippe. "Sign Language Semantics: Problems and Prospects." Theoretical Linguistics 44, no. 3-4 (2018): 295–353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tl-2018-0022.

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Abstract‘Visible Meaning’ (Schlenker 2018b) claims (i) that sign language makes visible some aspects of the Logical Form of sentences that are covert in spoken language, and (ii) that, along some dimensions, sign languages are more expressive than spoken languages because iconic conditions can be found at their logical core. Following nine peer commentaries, we clarify both claims and discuss three main issues: what is the nature of the interaction between logic and iconicity in sign language and beyond? does iconicity in sign language play the same role as gestures in spoken language? and is

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Sandler, Wendy. "The Medium and the Message." Sign Language and Linguistics 2, no. 2 (1999): 187–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sll.2.2.04san.

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In natural communication, the medium through which language is transmitted plays an important and systematic role. Sentences are broken up rhythmically into chunks; certain elements receive special stress; and, in spoken language, intonational tunes are superimposed onto these chunks in particular ways — all resulting in an intricate system of prosody. Investigations of prosody in Israeli Sign Language demonstrate that sign languages have comparable prosodic systems to those of spoken languages, although the phonetic medium is completely different. Evidence for the prosodic word and for the ph

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45

Gui, Qianyao, Yuyue Cui, Wenwei Zhang, Mingxuan Shi, and Yunbo Feng. "A characterisation of living language in spoken and written Chinese language." Transactions on Social Science, Education and Humanities Research 11 (August 20, 2024): 915–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.62051/31dz3p80.

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This paper analyses the features of living language in spoken and written Chinese. By comparing the characteristics of spoken and written Chinese, the mechanism of generation and manifestation of activated language are explored. It is found that spoken Chinese has a strong variability, flexibility and real-time nature, which is manifested in such features as lexical diversity, grammatical simplification and omission, and phonological variation specific to spoken language. Written Chinese, on the other hand, is more standardised and stable, focusing on accuracy and normality, manifested in rigo

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Singh, Gundeep, Sahil Sharma, Vijay Kumar, Manjit Kaur, Mohammed Baz, and Mehedi Masud. "Spoken Language Identification Using Deep Learning." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2021 (September 20, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5123671.

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The process of detecting language from an audio clip by an unknown speaker, regardless of gender, manner of speaking, and distinct age speaker, is defined as spoken language identification (SLID). The considerable task is to recognize the features that can distinguish between languages clearly and efficiently. The model uses audio files and converts those files into spectrogram images. It applies the convolutional neural network (CNN) to bring out main attributes or features to detect output easily. The main objective is to detect languages out of English, French, Spanish, and German, Estonian

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47

AIKHENVALD, ALEXANDRA Y. "Multilingualism and ethnic stereotypes: The Tariana of northwest Amazonia." Language in Society 32, no. 1 (2002): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404503321013.

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Tariana is spoken by about 100 people in the multilingual area of the Vaupés basin in northwest Amazonia (Brazil). Other languages spoken in the area are members of the East Tucanoan subgroup, with its most numerous representative, the Tucano language, rapidly gaining ground as a lingua franca. Also spoken are Makú languages; Baniwa, an Arawak language spoken on the fringes of the area and closely related to Tariana; and Portuguese, the national language. The area is known for its language group exogamy and institutionalized multilingualism, with its language being the badge of identity for ea

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48

Goyal, Lalit, and Vishal Goyal. "Text to Sign Language Translation System." International Journal of Synthetic Emotions 7, no. 2 (2016): 62–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijse.2016070104.

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Many machine translation systems for spoken languages are available, but the translation system between the spoken and Sign Language are limited. The translation from Text to Sign Language is different from the translation between spoken languages because the Sign Language is visual spatial language which uses hands, arms, face, and head and body postures for communication in three dimensions. The translation from text to Sign Language is complex as the grammar rules for Sign Language are not standardized. Still a number of approaches have been used for translating the Text to Sign Language in

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49

Sarli, Naser Qoli. "Spoken Standard Language versus Written Standard Language." Journal of Literary Studies 2, no. 5 (2005): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/jls.2.5.85.

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50

Melitz, Jacques, and Farid Toubal. "Native language, spoken language, translation and trade." Journal of International Economics 93, no. 2 (2014): 351–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2014.04.004.

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