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Journal articles on the topic 'Spondylolyse'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Seller, K., and A. Wild. "Spondylolyse, Spondylolisthese, Spondyloptose." Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und ihre Grenzgebiete 143, no. 06 (December 28, 2005): R101—R123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-873022.

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2

Storzer, Bastian, Robert Morrison, and Klaus John Schnake. "Spondylolisthese und Spondylolyse." Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie up2date 15, no. 05 (September 28, 2020): 427–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1021-3797.

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3

Wittenberg, R. H., R. E. Willburger, and J. Krämer. "Spondylolyse und Spondylolisthese." Der Orthopäde 27, no. 1 (1998): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001320050202.

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4

Ech-Cherif El Kettani, N., M. R. El Hassani, H. Benchaaboun, N. Chakir, and M. Jiddane. "Spondylolyse et spondylolisthésis." Feuillets de Radiologie 50, no. 1 (March 2010): 55–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.frad.2010.02.001.

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5

Cassel, M., C. Groß, and H. Mellerowicz. "Spondylolyse und Spondylolisthesis." Sports Orthopaedics and Traumatology 37, no. 1 (March 2021): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orthtr.2021.01.008.

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6

SYS J and MICHIELSEN J. "Spondylolyse bij jonge atleten." Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde 60, no. 18 (January 1, 2004): 1310–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/tvg.60.18.5001984.

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7

VERSPEELT P and SYS J. "Spondylolyse bij jonge atleten." Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde 61, no. 3 (January 1, 2005): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/tvg.61.3.5002095.

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8

Kandziora, Frank, Matti Scholz, Andreas Pingel, and Reinhard Hoffmann. "Isthmische Spondylolyse und Spondylolisthese." OP-JOURNAL 25, no. 02 (October 2009): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1242452.

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9

Roth, M. "Traumatische Spondylolyse beim Igel." Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und ihre Grenzgebiete 132, no. 01 (March 18, 2008): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1039817.

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10

Kandziora, F., and K. Schnake. "Isthmische Spondylolyse und Spondylolisthese." Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie up2date 5, no. 03 (June 2010): 171–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1244193.

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11

Lang, Ph, H. Genant, N. Chafetz, A. Hedtmann, K. Light, D. Norman, and J. Krämer. "Magnetresonanztomographie bei Spondylolyse und Spondylolisthese." Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und ihre Grenzgebiete 126, no. 06 (March 18, 2008): 651–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1044502.

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12

Engelhardt, M., I. Reuter, J. Freiwald, T. Böhme, and A. Halbsguth. "Spondylolyse und Spondylolisthesis und Sport." Der Orthopäde 26, no. 9 (1997): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001320050152.

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13

Wirtz, D., J. Wildberger, H. Röhrig, and K. Zilkens. "Frühdiagnose einer isthmischen Spondylolyse mittels MRT." Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und ihre Grenzgebiete 137, no. 06 (March 18, 2008): 508–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1039380.

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14

Wild, A., K. Seller, and R. Krauspe. "Operative Therapie bei Spondylolyse und Spondylolisthese." Der Orthopäde 34, no. 10 (October 2005): 995–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00132-005-0837-2.

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15

Hefti, F. "Direktverschraubung der Spondylolyse mit der Hakenschraube." Der Orthopäde 26, no. 9 (1997): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001320050154.

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16

Krapf, Peter. "Spondylolyse L3 beidseits bei zwei Mannschaftskameraden." Orthopädie & Rheuma 22, no. 5 (October 2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15002-019-1747-8.

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17

Arcq, M. "Faut-il toujours opérer la spondylolyse lombaire?" Orthopedie Traumatologie 2, no. 2 (June 1992): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01742421.

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18

Kälicke, T., T. Frangen, D. Seybold, K. Steuer, and S. Arens. "Infantile Spondylolyse mit Spina bifida occulta beim Leistungssportler." Sportverletzung · Sportschaden 18, no. 04 (December 10, 2004): 204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-813150.

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19

Recknagel, S., and H. Witte. "Landung nach Sprüngen - falsche Technik begünstigt die Spondylolyse." Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und ihre Grenzgebiete 134, no. 03 (March 18, 2008): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1039751.

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20

Stäbler, A., R. Paulus, M. Steinborn, R. Bosch, N. Mathko, and M. Reiser. "Die Spondylolyse im Stadium der Entstehung: Diagnostischer Beitrag der MRT." RöFo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren 172, no. 1 (January 2000): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2000-278.

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21

Legaye, Jean. "Analyse radiographique du listhésis associé à la spondylolyse isthmique lombaire." Revue de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologique 104, no. 5 (September 2018): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rcot.2018.05.010.

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22

Niethard, F., and J. Pfeil. "Retrosomatische Spondylolyse des 5. Lendenwirbels mit Segmentationsstörung des zugehörigen Wirbelbogens." Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und ihre Grenzgebiete 123, no. 05 (March 18, 2008): 859–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1044768.

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23

Chorherr, I. "Gibt es eine Evidenz für konservative Behandlungsansätze bei Spondylolyse oder Spondylolisthese?" manuelletherapie 12, no. 01 (January 31, 2008): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1027117.

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24

Schmitt, E., and H. J. Jilke. "Die Bedeutung mechanischer Faktoren bei der Entstehung der Spondylolyse. Experimentelle Studien." Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und ihre Grenzgebiete 120, no. 03 (March 18, 2008): 354–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1051626.

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25

Bertani, A., F. Launay, S. Jacopin, Y. Glard, J. L. Jouve, and G. Bollini. "Ostéome ostéoïde de l’articulaire inférieure de L5 associé à une spondylolyse bilatérale." Revue de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Réparatrice de l'Appareil Moteur 93, no. 7 (November 2007): 736–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0035-1040(07)73260-9.

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26

Lemburg, S., M. Gothner, and C. Heyer. "Die zervikale Spondylolyse als seltener Zufallsbefund nach juvenilem HWS-Trauma – Diagnostik mittels Niedrigdosis-CT." RöFo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren 182, no. 07 (February 24, 2010): 612–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1245232.

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27

Arnold, P., M. Winter, G. Scheller, W. Konermann, D. Rumetsch, and L. Jani. "Die klinischen und radiologischen Ergebnisse der Isthmusrekonstruktion bei der lumbalen Spondylolyse und der geringgradigen Spondylolisthesis." Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und ihre Grenzgebiete 134, no. 03 (March 18, 2008): 226–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1039753.

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28

Ohaegbulam, Chima O., Ian F. Dunn, Pierre d'Hemecourt, and Mark R. Proctor. "Lumbar epidural hematoma associated with spondylolyses." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 8, no. 2 (February 2008): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi/2008/8/2/174.

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✓ This report describes 3 young male patients with multiple lumbar spondylolyses in combination with a symptomatic epidural hematoma. The records of all 3 patients were reviewed for clinical details. All patients were successfully treated without surgical intervention. Initial neuroimaging results for all patients revealed epidural hematomas, and follow-up imaging confirmed resolution of the hematomas. The relevant literature is briefly reviewed to examine the rarity of this combination. Spontaneous epidural hematomas may occur in the setting of spondylolysis, and this diagnosis should be considered when imaging reveals an unusual epidural lesion in a young active patient.

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29

Mauroy, JC de, P. Fender, and J. Sengler. "Traitement orthopédique en période transpubertaire de la spondylolyse et du spondylolisthésis: résultats à court et moyen termes." Annales de Réadaptation et de Médecine Physique 40, no. 6 (January 1997): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-6054(97)85473-6.

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30

Noggle, Joseph C., Daniel M. Sciubba, Amer F. Samdani, D. Greg Anderson, Randal R. Betz, and Jahangir Asghar. "Minimally invasive direct repair of lumbar spondylolysis with a pedicle screw and hook construct." Neurosurgical Focus 25, no. 2 (August 2008): E15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc/2008/25/8/e15.

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Object Lumbar spondylolysis occurs in approximately 6% of the population and presents with localized mechanical back pain, often in young athletes. Surgical treatment may involve decompression, lumbar intersegmental fusion, or direct repair of pars defects. Although such open procedures may effectively resolve symptoms, minimal-access approaches may additionally decrease collateral damage to soft tissues, allowing young, active patients to resume athletic activities sooner. In this study, the authors review their experience repairing bilateral lumbar spondylolyses with screw and hook constructs placed via a minimal-access approach. Methods Five consecutive pediatric patients with bilateral L-5 spondylolysis were treated. Bilateral incisions (2.5 cm) were made over L-5. Exposure was maintained with bilateral expandable tubular retractor systems. Pedicle screws were placed in the L-5 pedicles and attached to hooks under the L-5 laminae. A direct repair was performed at the pars defect. Clinical characteristics, operative variables, and postoperative outcomes were collected. Results All 5 patients underwent surgery; 4 were male (80%) and 1 was female (20%), and the mean age was 15.8 years (range 15–17 years). The mean estimated blood loss and duration of surgery were 37 ml (range 15–75 ml) and 1.94 hours (range 1–3 hours), respectively. Postoperative hospital stays ranged from 1 to 3 days (mean 1.8 days). The only complication occurred in 1 patient who experienced minor superficial wound breakdown. All patients have experienced resolution of symptoms at this preliminary stage, which has continued over an 8-month follow-up period. Conclusions Lumbar spondylolysis can be adequately and safely treated via minimal-access surgical repair of the pars interarticularis by using pedicle screws and rod-hook constructs. This approach may decrease the collateral soft tissue damage common to open dissections, and may be ideal for young, active surgical candidates.

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31

Dhouib, Amira, Anne Tabard-Fougère, and Romain Dayer. "Validité diagnostic de l’imagerie par résonance magnétique pour le diagnostic de la spondylolyse chez les enfants et les jeunes adultes : une revue systématique et méta-analyse." Revue de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologique 103, no. 7 (November 2017): S54—S55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rcot.2017.09.077.

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32

Plomp, Kimberly A., Keith Dobney, and Mark Collard. "Spondylolysis and spinal adaptations for bipedalism." Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health 2020, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoaa003.

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Abstract Background and objectives The study reported here focused on the aetiology of spondylolysis, a vertebral pathology usually caused by a fatigue fracture. The goal was to test the Overshoot Hypothesis, which proposes that people develop spondylolysis because their vertebral shape is at the highly derived end of the range of variation within Homo sapiens. Methodology We recorded 3D data on the final lumbar vertebrae of H. sapiens and three great ape species, and performed three analyses. First, we compared H. sapiens vertebrae with and without spondylolysis. Second, we compared H. sapiens vertebrae with and without spondylolysis to great ape vertebrae. Lastly, we compared H. sapiens vertebrae with and without spondylolysis to great ape vertebrae and to vertebrae of H. sapiens with Schmorl’s nodes, which previous studies have shown tend to be located at the ancestral end of the range of H. sapiens shape variation. Results We found that H. sapiens vertebrae with spondylolysis are significantly different in shape from healthy H. sapiens vertebrae. We also found that H. sapiens vertebrae with spondylolysis are more distant from great ape vertebrae than are healthy H. sapiens vertebrae. Lastly, we found that H. sapiens vertebrae with spondylolysis are at the opposite end of the range of shape variation than vertebrae with Schmorl’s nodes. Conclusions Our findings indicate that H. sapiens vertebrae with spondylolysis tend to exhibit highly derived traits and therefore support the Overshoot Hypothesis. Spondylolysis, it appears, is linked to our lineage’s evolutionary history, especially its shift from quadrupedalism to bipedalism. Lay summary: Spondylolysis is a relatively common vertebral pathology usually caused by a fatigue fracture. There is reason to think that it might be connected with our lineage’s evolutionary shift from walking on all fours to walking on two legs. We tested this idea by comparing human vertebrae with and without spondylolysis to the vertebrae of great apes. Our results support the hypothesis. They suggest that people who experience spondylolysis have vertebrae with what are effectively exaggerated adaptations for bipedalism.

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33

Swärd, L., M. Hellström, B. Jacobsson, and L. Peterson. "Spondylolysis and the Sacro-Horizontal Angle in Athletes." Acta Radiologica 30, no. 4 (July 1989): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418518903000405.

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The frequency of spondylolysis and the relationship between spondylolysis and the sacro-horizontal angle in 143 athletes and 30 non-athletes is reported. Athletes had a larger sacro-horizontal angle than non-athletes. The sacro-horizontal angle was larger in athletes with spondylolysis as compared with those without. An increased incidence of spondylolysis with an increased angle was demonstrated. It is suggested that an increased sacro-horizontal angle may predispose to spondylolysis, especially in combination with the high mechanical loads sustained in certain sports.

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34

Yamada, Atsuhisa, Koichi Sairyo, Isao Shibuya, Ko Kato, Akira Dezawa, and Toshinori Sakai. "Lumbar Spondylolysis in Juveniles from the Same Family: A Report of Three Cases and a Review of the Literature." Case Reports in Orthopedics 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/272514.

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Spondylolysis is reported as a stress fracture of the pars interarticularis with a strong hereditary basis. Three cases of lumbar spondylolysis in juveniles from the same family are reported, and the genetics of the condition are reviewed. The first boy, a 13-year-old soccer player, was diagnosed with terminal stage L5 bilateral spondylolysis with grade 1 slippage. The second boy, a 10-year-old baseball player, had terminal stage right side unilateral spondylolysis. The third boy, also a 10-year-old baseball player, was diagnosed with early stage bilateral L5 spondylolysis. The second and third boys are identical twins, and all three cases exhibited concomitant spina bifida occulta. Lumbar spondylolysis has a strong hereditary basis and is reported to be an autosomal dominant condition.

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35

Oshima, Yasushi, Hirohiko Inanami, Hiroki Iwai, Hisashi Koga, Yuichi Takano, Masahito Oshina, Hiroyuki Oka, and Sakae Tanaka. "Is Microendoscopic Discectomy Effective for Patients With Concomitant Lumbar Disc Herniation and Spondylolysis?" Global Spine Journal 10, no. 6 (August 11, 2019): 700–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2192568219868970.

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Study Design: A retrospective cohort study. Objective: Although it is controversial whether to choose only discectomy or fusion surgery in patients with disc herniation and spondylolysis, we expected that aggravation of the spondylolysis may be prevented if posterior supporting muscles can be well-preserved without extensive exploration. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of L5 spondylolysis on surgical outcomes following microendoscopic discectomy (MED) in patients with concomitant lumbar disc herniation and spondylolysis. Methods: We reviewed 811 patients who underwent MED for L4/5 or L5/S1 disc herniation. Patients with spondylolisthesis were excluded. We compared surgical outcomes of patients with and without L5 spondylolysis, whose age, sex, and surgical level were matched. Results: A total of 655 patients (80.7%) with complete data were considered eligible for the study. MED was performed at L4/5 and L5/S1 in 338 and 317 patients, respectively. A total of 20 patients (3.1%) had concomitant L5 spondylolysis and disc herniation at L4/5 (9 patients) or L5S1 (11 patients). As we compared each outcome of the 20 patients having L5 spondylolysis with 40 matched patients without L5 spondylosis, there were no significant differences in preoperative or postoperative outcomes between the 2 groups, and no patient with spondylolysis had undergone additional surgery during the mean follow-up period of 24 months. Conclusions: MED demonstrated good surgical results regardless of the presence or absence of spondylolysis. In patients with sciatica with concomitant disc herniation and spondylolysis, but without spondylolisthesis, fusion surgery may not be always necessary.

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36

Skryabin, E. G. "Isolated and Multilevel Spondylolysis (Literature Review)." Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia 25, no. 2 (July 16, 2019): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21823/2311-2905-2019-25-2-157-165.

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One of the main causes of lumbar spine pain is spondylolysis. The purpose of this review is to present the current state of the problem of diagnosis and treatment isolated and multilevel spondylolysis.Materials and Methods. The review includes 86 publications on the problem of spondylolysis for 2005–2019, obtained from electronic databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, eLIBRARY, CYBERLENINKA.Results. There is still the only known classification of spondylolysis by P. Niggemann et al, which includes four severity of this pathology — from mild to very severe: A, BI, BII, BIII. The classification is based on the nature of changes in the area of bone defect of the vertebral arch when the patient performs functional tests. In some cases, the pathology can be regarded as a transition between different degrees of severity of type B. The treatment of spondylolysis can be both conservative and operational. The conservative therapy consists of physical activity restriction, physiotherapy, wearing a corset, massage, and pharmacotherapy. The purpose of surgical treatment is the removal of fibrous tissue from the zone of spondylolysis and the achievement in this area the bone fusion via a bone autoplasty and(or) osteosynthesis with different metal frameworks. Reasoned arguments about the need for a combination of conservative and surgical treatment of patients with spondylolysis are also reflected in the publications. Information on multilevel spondylolysis is represented by a small number of articles. only 15 authors described clinical cases of multilevel spondylolysis in a total of 21 patients. Spondylolysis is a high risk factor for the spondylolisthesis formation. Among the various categories of patients suffering from spondylolysis and lumbar spondylolysis spondylolisthesis, pregnant women are of particular interest. Hormonal restructuring and changes in the biomechanics of the spine in women during the gestational period often leads to the appearance or intensification pain syndrome in lumbar spine complicating the pregnancy, and hence a fetus development.Conclusion. Timely diagnosis of spondylolysis and the subsequent development of individual rehabilitation not only improves the quality of life of patients, but in some cases can prevent such a serious pathology as spondylolisthesis.

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37

Kobayashi, Atsushi, Tsutomu Kobayashi, Kazuo Kato, Hiroshi Higuchi, and Kenji Takagishi. "Diagnosis of Radiographically Occult Lumbar Spondylolysis in Young Athletes by Magnetic Resonance Imaging." American Journal of Sports Medicine 41, no. 1 (November 7, 2012): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546512464946.

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Background: The early stages of spondylolysis are extremely difficult to diagnose on plain radiography. Although several studies have examined changes in active spondylolysis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), no studies to date have determined the onset frequency of active spondylolysis detectable on MRI but occult on plain radiography. Moreover, the clinical features of active spondylolysis described in the literature do not facilitate the differentiation of this condition from other causes of low back pain. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of MRI in diagnosing active spondylolysis early and in determining the prevalence of active spondylolysis in cases where findings were not detected on plain radiography. In addition, specific clinical features to aid in the early detection of active spondylolysis were evaluated. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients were 200 consecutive young athletes (144 boys and 56 girls; mean age, 14.1 ± 1.5 y) with low back pain. All patients were examined by plain radiography (188 with negative findings and 12 with unclear findings of spondylolysis) and MRI. Computed tomography (CT) was performed only for patients with high intensity changes of the pedicle observed on MRI. The presence or absence of low back pain was examined during lumbar spine extension and flexion. The Kemp test on the right and left sides and percussion of the vertebral spinous process were also performed. Results: Ninety-seven (48.5%) patients showed evidence of active spondylolysis on MRI, findings that had been missed by plain radiography. These pars defects were organized into the following categories based on CT findings: nonlysis stage, 52; very early stage, 37; late early stage, 22; progressive stage, 10; and terminal stage, 0. No significant physical examination factors were identified that could assist in the early detection of active spondylolysis. Conclusion: The MRI results suggest a high rate of active spondylolysis in young athletes with low back pain who test negative for spondylolysis on plain radiography. Magnetic resonance imaging appears to be useful in the early diagnosis of active spondylolysis, especially as we found no significant physical examination factors that could assist in early detection.

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38

Kato, Kinshi, Michiyuki Hakozaki, Ryosuke Mashiko, and Shin-ichi Konno. "Familial development of lumbar spondylolysis: a familial case report of 7- and 4-year-old brothers and their father." Journal of International Medical Research 49, no. 5 (May 2021): 030006052110155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605211015559.

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The incidence of lumbar spondylolysis is affected by sex, race, and congenital abnormalities. These differences suggest a genetic component to the etiology of spondylolysis. However, no definitive evidence has been presented regarding the inheritance of lumbar spondylolysis. We report familial cases of lumbar spondylolysis in 7- and 4-year-old brothers and their father, each of whom visited our clinic complaining of low back pain. Spondylolysis in the fifth lumbar vertebra (L5) was identified in both boys and their father from clinical, radiographic, computed tomographic, and magnetic resonance imaging examinations. Conservative treatment was provided for both boys. No bony union of any spondylolytic lesions was obtained, but they returned to sports activity without low back pain. Frequent development of spondylolysis, even at younger ages, in all male family members might indicate an underlying genetic etiology in lumbar spondylolysis, primarily in the form of autosomal dominant inheritance. However, information on patients and their parents should be considered carefully, as bony union with conservative therapy is not expected in such patients.

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39

Celtikci, Emrah, Fatih Yakar, Pinar Celtikci, and Yusuf Izci. "Relationship between individual payload weight and spondylolysis incidence in Turkish land forces." Neurosurgical Focus 45, no. 6 (December 2018): E12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.8.focus18375.

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OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between lumbar spondylolysis and payload weight between different combat units of Turkish land forces (TLF).METHODThe authors reviewed clinical and radiological data of the military personnel with low-back pain (LBP) admitted to their clinic between July 2017 and July 2018. Age, BMI, average payload weight, and military service unit were recorded. CT scans were evaluated for pars interarticularis fractures and spondylolisthesis, whereas MRI studies were evaluated for spondylolisthesis, Modic-type endplate changes, or signal loss on T2-weighted images compatible with disc degeneration.RESULTFollowing exclusion, a total of 642 all-male military personnel were included. Of these personnel, 122 were commandos, 435 were infantry, and 85 were serving in the artillery units. Bilateral pars interarticularis fracture was noted in 42 commandos (34.42%) and 2 infantrymen (0.45%). There was no spondylolysis in the artillery units. There was no multiple-level spondylolysis and the most common level of spondylolysis was L5. Commandos had a significantly higher incidence of spondylolysis and more average payload weight (p < 0.001). Twelve patients (27.2%) with spondylolysis had accompanying MRI pathologies at the same level, whereas 32 patients (72.7%) had no accompanying MRI pathologies.CONCLUSIONSIncreased payload weight in military personnel is associated with spondylolysis, and commandos in the TLF have significantly heavier payloads, which causes an increased rate of spondylolysis compared to other units. Additionally, spondylolysis without adjacent-level changes on MRI could be undiagnosed. LBP in active military personnel who have a history of carrying heavy payloads should be evaluated extensively with both MRI and CT scans.

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40

Mataki, Kentaro, Masao Koda, Yosuke Shibao, Hiroshi Kumagai, Katsuya Nagashima, Kousei Miura, Hiroshi Noguchi, Toru Funayama, Tetsuya Abe, and Masashi Yamazaki. "Spina Bifida Occulta with Bilateral Spondylolysis at the Thoracolumbar Junction Presenting Cauda Equina Syndrome." Case Reports in Orthopedics 2020 (January 14, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2425637.

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Several reports have described the coexistence of spina bifida occulta (SBO) and spondylolysis, but the majority of defects occur at L5. No report has described the coexistence of SBO and spondylolysis at the thoracolumbar junction. We report a case of SBO with spondylolysis at L1, presenting cauda equine syndrome. A 37-year-old man presented with a gait disorder as a result of bilateral motor weakness of the lower extremities. A plain radiograph showed local kyphosis at L1-2 as a result of severe degenerative change and wedging of the vertebral body at L1. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed degenerative disc changes and severe canal stenosis at L1-2. Computed tomography (CT) revealed SBO and spondylolysis at L1. He was diagnosed with cauda equina syndrome related to SBO and spondylolysis at L1. Posterior interbody fusion and decompression at L1-2 were performed. After surgery, his muscle power recovered to normal strength. The possible mechanisms in this case are the strain on anterior elements as a result of disruption of the posterior elements due to SBO and spondylolysis. The coexistence of SBO and spondylolysis at the thoracolumbar junction might induce at-risk status of increased strain to the anterior elements that may cause cauda equina syndrome.

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Liu, Xinyu, Lianlei Wang, Suomao Yuan, Yonghao Tian, Yanping Zheng, and Jianmin Li. "Multiple-level lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 22, no. 3 (March 2015): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.10.spine14415.

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OBJECT Lumbar spondylolysis and isthmic spondylolisthesis occur most commonly at only one spinal level. The authors report on 13 cases of lumbar spondylolysis with spondylolisthesis at multiple levels. METHODS During July 2007–March 2012, multiple-level spondylolysis associated with spondylolisthesis was diagnosed in 13 patients (10 male, 3 female) at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University. The mean patient age was 43.5 ± 14.6 years. The duration of low-back pain was 11.7 ± 5.1 months. Spondylolysis occurred at L-2 in 2 patients, L-3 in 4 patients, L-4 in all patients, and L-5 in 5 patients. Spondylolysis occurred at 3 spinal levels in 3 patients and at 2 levels in 10 patients. All patients had spondylolisthesis at 1 or 2 levels. Japanese Orthopaedic Association and visual analog scale scores were used to evaluate preoperative and postoperative neurological function and low-back pain. All patients underwent pedicle screw fixation and interbody fusion or direct pars interarticularis repair. RESULTS Both low-back pain scores improved significantly after surgery (p < 0.05). Postoperative radiographs or CT scans showed satisfactory interbody fusion or pars interarticularis healing. No breakage, dislodging, or loosening of the pedicle screw hardware was observed for any patient. CONCLUSIONS Multiple-level lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis occurred more often in men. Most multiplelevel lumbar spondylolysis occurred at 2 spinal levels and was associated with sports, trauma, or heavy labor. Multiplelevel lumbar spondylolysis occurred mostly at L3–5; associated spondylolisthesis usually occurred at L-4 and L-5, mostly at L-4. The treatment principle was the same as that for single-level spondylolisthesis.

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Nozawa, Satoshi, Katsuji Shimizu, Kei Miyamoto, and Mizuo Tanaka. "Repair of Pars Interarticularis Defect by Segmental Wire Fixation in Young Athletes with Spondylolysis." American Journal of Sports Medicine 31, no. 3 (March 2003): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465030310030601.

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Background Although segmental wire fixation has been successful in the treatment of nonathletes with spondylolysis, no information exists on the results of this type of surgery in athletes. Purpose To evaluate the outcome of surgical repair of pars interarticularis defect by segmental wire fixation in young athletes with lumbar spondylolysis. Methods Between 1993 and 2000, 20 athletes (6 women and 14 men; average age, 23.7) with lumbar spondylolysis were treated surgically with this technique. They were actively engaged in sports such as baseball, tennis, and golf. Nineteen athletes had one level of spondylolysis and one athlete had two levels. The level of spondylolysis was L4 in 2 athletes and L5 in 19. The average follow-up period was 3.5 years (range, 1.3 to 8.6). Surgical outcome was evaluated by radiographic examination, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, preoperative and postoperative sports activity levels and intensities, and the presence of complications. Results Bony fusion at the site of spondylolysis was obtained in all cases, and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score was increased significantly after surgery (preoperatively, 21.2 ± 3.9; postoperatively, maximum 27.7 ± 1.0; recovery rate, 80.4%). All of the patients returned to their sports activities, although at varying degrees. No severe complications were noted. Conclusion We recommend this technique in cases of lumbar spondylolysis in athletes who hope to resume their sports activities.

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Standaert, Christopher J., Stanley A. Herring, Brian Halpern, and Osric King. "Spondylolysis." Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America 11, no. 4 (November 2000): 785–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1047-9651(18)30102-5.

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Friedberg, Ryan P., Christine Curtis, Lyle Micheli, and Pierre dʼHemecourt. "Spondylolysis." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 37, Supplement (May 2005): S357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200505001-01872.

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Friedberg, Ryan P., Christine Curtis, Lyle Micheli, and Pierre d??Hemecourt. "Spondylolysis." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 37, Supplement (May 2005): S357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200505001-01872.

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Green, Tim P., Joanne C. Allvey, and Michael A. Adams. "Spondylolysis." SPINE 19, no. 23 (December 1994): 2683–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199412000-00016.

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Green, Tim P., Joanne C. Allvey, and Michael A. Adams. "Spondylolysis." Spine 19, no. 23 (December 1994): 2683–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199412010-00016.

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Peer, Kimberly S., and Jeanna M. Fascione. "Spondylolysis." Orthopaedic Nursing 26, no. 2 (March 2007): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nor.0000265867.70479.cb.

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&NA;. "Spondylolysis." Orthopaedic Nursing 26, no. 2 (March 2007): 112–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nor.0000265868.64642.b0.

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Gottfried, Oren N., Scott L. Parker, Ibrahim Omeis, Ali Bydon, Ziya L. Gokaslan, and Jean-Paul Wolinsky. "Spondylolysis of C-2 in 2 athletically active individuals." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 13, no. 1 (July 2010): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2010.3.spine09610.

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Cervical spondylolysis is an uncommon disorder involving a cleft at the pars interarticularis. It is most often found at the C-6 level, and clinical presentations have included incidental radiographic findings, neck pain, and rarely neurological compromise. Although subaxial cervical spondylolysis has been described in 150 patients, defects at the C-2 pedicles are rare. The authors present 2 new cases of C-2 spondylolysis in athletically active young persons who did not demonstrate instability or neurological deficits, were able to remain active, and are being managed conservatively with serial examinations and imaging. They also discuss the results of 22 previously reported cases of C-2 spondylolysis. Based on the literature and their own experience, the authors conclude that most patients with C-2 spondylolysis remain neurologically intact, maintain stability despite the bony defect, and can be managed conservatively. Surgery is reserved for patients who demonstrate severe instability or spinal cord compromise due to stenosis.

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