Journal articles: 'Spontaneous Context'

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GIDDINGS, STEVEN B., and FRANK WILCZEK. "SPONTANEOUS FACT VIOLATION." Modern Physics Letters A 05, no. 09 (April 10, 1990): 635–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732390000718.

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The classic Nambu-Goldstone mechanism associates massless modes to spontaneously broken symmetry. Here it is shown that spontaneous violation of a fact, such as the fact that translation generators in different directions commute, more generally implies the existence of a massless excitation. The mechanism is discussed in the context of anyon superconductivity, where it originated, and in more general contexts.

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Napolitano, Skye, Ilya Yaroslavsky, and Christopher M. France. "Is It Personal? Context Moderates BPD Effects on Spontaneous Rumination and Distress." Journal of Personality Disorders 34, no. 2 (April 2020): 161–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pedi_2018_32_387.

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Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with the use of maladaptive emotion regulation (ER) that predicts unstable interpersonal relationships and emotion dysregulation. Rumination, a maladaptive cognitive ER response, may be one mechanism by which those with BPD experience emotion dysregulation. However, it remains unclear whether emotion dysregulation is linked to rumination in general, or to rumination during interpersonal situations that often prove challenging for those with BPD. The present study examined whether interpersonal exclusion conferred an increased risk to spontaneously ruminate among those with elevated BPD features relative to an impersonal negative mood induction, and whether spontaneous rumination mediated the effects of BPD features on distress reactivity. Overall, BPD features predicted stronger tendencies to spontaneously ruminate and higher levels of distress following interpersonal exclusion; spontaneous rumination following interpersonal exclusion mediated the effects of BPD features on distress. These findings highlight the importance of context when examining ER outcomes.

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Williams, Gaye. "Abstracting in the context of Spontaneous Learning." Mathematics Education Research Journal 19, no. 2 (September 2007): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03217456.

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Chenchah, Farah, and Zied Lachiri. "Speech Emotion Recognition in Acted and Spontaneous Context." Procedia Computer Science 39 (2014): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2014.11.020.

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Cuadros, Zamara, Esteban Hurtado, and Carlos Cornejo. "Infant-adult synchrony in spontaneous and nonspontaneous interactions." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 18, 2020): e0244138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244138.

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Infant-adult synchrony has been reported through observational and experimental studies. Nevertheless, synchrony is addressed differently in both cases. While observational studies measure synchrony in spontaneous infant-adult interactions, experimental studies manipulate it, inducing nonspontaneous synchronous and asynchronous interactions. A still unsolved question is to what extent differ spontaneous synchrony from the nonspontaneous one, experimentally elicited. To address this question, we conducted a study to compare synchrony in both interactional contexts. Forty-three 14-month-old infants were randomly assigned to one of two independent groups: (1) the spontaneous interaction context, consisting of a storytime session; and (2) the nonspontaneous interaction context, where an assistant bounced the infant in synchrony with a stranger. We employed an optical motion capture system to accurately track the time and form of synchrony in both contexts. Our findings indicate that synchrony arising in spontaneous exchanges has different traits than synchrony produced in a nonspontaneous interplay. The evidence presented here offers new insights for rethinking the study of infant-adult synchrony and its consequences on child development.

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Wittenbrink, Bernd, Charles M. Judd, and Bernadette Park. "Spontaneous prejudice in context: Variability in automatically activated attitudes." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 81, no. 5 (2001): 815–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.81.5.815.

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Lupfer, Michael B., Leslie F. Clark, and Helen W. Hutcherson. "Impact of context on spontaneous trait and situational attributions." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 58, no. 2 (1990): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.2.239.

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Khedr, M., and A. Karmouch. "ACAI: agent-based context-aware infrastructure for spontaneous applications." Journal of Network and Computer Applications 28, no. 1 (January 2005): 19–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2004.04.002.

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Onifade, Moshood, and Bekir Genc. "A review of spontaneous combustion studies – South African context." International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment 33, no. 8 (May 7, 2018): 527–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17480930.2018.1466402.

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Pereira, Effie J., Elina Birmingham, and Jelena Ristic. "Contextually-Based Social Attention Diverges across Covert and Overt Measures." Vision 3, no. 2 (June 10, 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vision3020029.

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Humans spontaneously attend to social cues like faces and eyes. However, recent data show that this behavior is significantly weakened when visual content, such as luminance and configuration of internal features, as well as visual context, such as background and facial expression, are controlled. Here, we investigated attentional biasing elicited in response to information presented within appropriate background contexts. Using a dot-probe task, participants were presented with a face–house cue pair, with a person sitting in a room and a house positioned within a picture hanging on a wall. A response target occurred at the previous location of the eyes, mouth, top of the house, or bottom of the house. Experiment 1 measured covert attention by assessing manual responses while participants maintained central fixation. Experiment 2 measured overt attention by assessing eye movements using an eye tracker. The data from both experiments indicated no evidence of spontaneous attentional biasing towards faces or facial features in manual responses; however, an infrequent, though reliable, overt bias towards the eyes of faces emerged. Together, these findings suggest that contextually-based social information does not determine spontaneous social attentional biasing in manual measures, although it may act to facilitate oculomotor behavior.

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Antia, Shirin D., Jennifer A. Catalano, M. Christina Rivera, and Catherine Creamer. "Explicit and Contextual Vocabulary Intervention: Effects on Word and Definition Learning." Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 26, no. 3 (May 12, 2021): 381–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/deafed/enab002.

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Abstract Two single-case studies examined the effects of a vocabulary intervention on K-second grade Deaf or Hard-of-Hearing (DHH) children’s vocabulary learning. The intervention consisted of (a) explicit instruction that included fast mapping, and drill and practice games and (b) in-context activities that included book reading, conceptual activities, and conversation. Study 1 compared the effectiveness of in-context alone and explicit+in-context instruction for four DHH children. This multiple baseline across content study showed that children learned more words rapidly in the explicit + in-context condition. Study 2 examined the effects of the explicit+in-context intervention on five DHH children’s word and definition learning and use of new words in spontaneous communication. A multiple baseline study across participants showed that all children learned the targeted vocabulary, improved expression of definitions, and used target words in spontaneous language. We discuss the value of explicit and in-context instruction on breadth and depth of vocabulary learning.

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Bahat, Pınar Yalçın, Berna Aslan Çetin, and Gökçe Turan. "Spontaneous rupture of pregnancy luteoma." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 4 (March 30, 2017): 1689. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20171457.

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Luteoma is a rare condition in pregnancy. In this article, we aimed to present a rare case of pregnancy luteoma detected during cesarean section and pathologically in the context of literature information.

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Nagata, Tomohiro, and Hiroki Mori. "Defining Laughter Context for Laughter Synthesis with Spontaneous Speech Corpus." IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing 11, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 553–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2018.2813381.

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Talipov, Elmurod, Jianxiong Yin, Yohan Chon, and Hojung Cha. "A context-rich and extensible framework for spontaneous smartphone networking." Computer Communications 37 (January 2014): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2013.10.004.

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Arnold, Andrew J., and Piotr Winkielman. "The Mimicry Among Us: Intra- and Inter-Personal Mechanisms of Spontaneous Mimicry." Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 44, no. 1 (November 13, 2019): 195–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10919-019-00324-z.

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Abstract This review explores spontaneous mimicry in the context of three questions. The first question concerns the role of spontaneous mimicry in processing conceptual information. The second question concerns the debate whether spontaneous mimicry is driven by simple associative processes or reflects higher-order processes such as goals, intentions, and social context. The third question addresses the implications of these debates for understanding atypical individuals and states. We review relevant literature and argue for a dynamic, context-sensitive role of spontaneous mimicry in social cognition and behavior. We highlight how the modulation of mimicry is often adaptive but also point out some cases of maladaptive modulations that impair an individuals’ engagement in social life.

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BLUHM, ROBERT. "NAMBU–GOLDSTONE MODES IN GRAVITATIONAL THEORIES WITH SPONTANEOUS LORENTZ BREAKING." International Journal of Modern Physics D 16, no. 12b (December 2007): 2357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021827180701122x.

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Spontaneous breaking of Lorentz symmetry has been suggested as a possible mechanism that might occur in the context of a fundamental Planck-scale theory, such as string theory or a quantum theory of gravity. However, if Lorentz symmetry is spontaneously broken, two sets of questions immediately arise: What is the fate of the Nambu–Goldstone (NG) modes, and can a Higgs mechanism occur? A brief summary of some recent work looking at these questions is presented here.

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Fu, Shi-Jian. "The effect of personality measurement conditions on spontaneous swimming behavior in the pale chub Zacco platypus (Cyprinidae)." PeerJ 8 (March 19, 2020): e8736. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8736.

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Studies on personality have revealed that some personality traits are strongly correlated; thus, researchers may be able to acquire data for variables related to different personality traits from one measurement. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to test whether spontaneous movement traits used in fish personality measurements are correlated or vary among different contexts in a common Chinese cyprinid fish, the pale chub (Zacco platypus, Cyprinidae). The median swimming speed, percent time spent moving and median turning rate were measured in a boldness context (with a shelter available), then in an exploration context (with a novel object nearby) and finally in a control context (i.e., with no shelter or novel object). The median swimming speed, percent time spent moving, and median turning rate all showed positive correlations between the control and the other two contexts, which suggests that future studies might use spontaneous swimming variables measured in exploration or boldness contexts to avoid the need to carry out a separate activity test. Further analysis comparing the distance to and latency to explore the novel object between the exploration context (with the novel object present) and control context (with an imaginary object at the same position) showed that the amount of time it took for the fish to first reach the object for exploration was significantly shorter in an exploration context than in a control context. This suggests that latency to explore might be useful as a variable indicating exploration in the pale chub in the future.

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Lamb, Penny, and Graham King. "Another platform and a changed context: Student experiences of developing spontaneous speaking in French through physical education." European Physical Education Review 26, no. 2 (August 29, 2019): 515–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356336x19869733.

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This study highlights a complementary partnership between physical education and foreign language learning, endorsing the potential of an applied learning context as an alternative pedagogical platform. A pedagogic model of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) within physical education was adopted to explore the capacity for improving students’ spontaneous speaking in French. The study’s motivation was the 2016 changes to England’s General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) French specifications, which placed an increased emphasis on responding spontaneously in spoken French and sustaining communication in different situations. Students ( n = 42) aged 13–14, soon to embark on GCSE French, were introduced to a 10-week handball scheme of work that included learning associated key French vocabulary and students communicating with each other and the teacher in French. Adopting case study methodology, data collection included student questionnaires, individual teacher interviews and student focus groups, analysed using inductive analysis and constant comparison. The physical education CLIL platform provided a learning context that appeared to support student perceptions of increased motivation and reduced anxiety, with 60% of students reporting that speaking French during physical education increased their confidence in speaking French aloud. Findings suggest the importance of an applied learning environment that emphasises working as a group, encouraging a willingness to take risks in spontaneous speaking, and decreasing sensitivity to negative judgement. A physical education-located CLIL model appears to offer learning experiences within the skill-based traditions of physical education beyond ‘learning to move’, providing a context for ‘moving to learn’ as an investment towards embodied learning.

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Khalfi, Mohammed Fethi, and Sidi Mohamed Benslimane. "Spontaneous Service-Providing using WS4D in Smart Environments." International Journal of Advanced Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing 6, no. 4 (October 2014): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijapuc.2014100106.

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Pervasive environments are characterized by a large number of embedded devices offering their services to the user. Which of the available services are of most interest to the user considerably depends on the user's current context. Spontaneous service discovery and selection is one of the most important fields of research in pervasive computing. In this paper the authors will present an enhancement of ubiquitous computing discovery mechanisms adding context handling capabilities to Web Services for Devices in Pervasive Computing using UPnP as an infrastructure to address these implicit requests. User preferences, network and location are described by a formal context model ontology that is based on two levels: a generic level and a domain specific level. As compared with previous research, the authors' method uses location aware, UPnP infrastructure, web service for devices and the notion of proactivity in pervasive computing to continuously present the Spontaneous most relevant services to the user or device in response to changes of context, services or user preferences.

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ANISHETTY, RAMESH, and R. PARTHASARATHY. "SPONTANEOUS TIME ASYMMETRY DUE TO HORIZON." Modern Physics Letters A 16, no. 23 (July 30, 2001): 1517–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732301004625.

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We show that quantized matter fields in the presence of background metrics with horizon exhibit spontaneous time asymmetry. Some phenomenological applications of this in the context of black holes and early universe are considered.

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Latinjak, Alexander Tibor. "Goal-Directed, Spontaneous, and Stimulus-Independent Thoughts and Mindwandering in a Competitive Context." Sport Psychologist 32, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2016-0044.

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The aim of this study was to analyze the functions of goal-directed thoughts and the content of spontaneous and stimulus-independent thoughts and mindwandering in a competitive setting and to explore links between different types of thoughts. Therefore, 17 young sport science students competed in a card-sorting task, while their recorded thoughts were collected between trials. Afterwards, the participants classified their own transcripts into different types of thoughts. The results indicated that goal-directed thinking serves a variety of functions, that spontaneous thought content might reflect a series of psychological states and processes relevant for performance, and that the content of mindwandering was idiosyncratic. Moreover, goal-directed thinking increased during competition, whereas mindwandering diminished. Lastly, mindwandering was rarely connected to other types of thinking, whereas the most recurrent connection between thoughts was found between goal-directed and spontaneous thinking.

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Waskom, Michael L., and Anthony D. Wagner. "Distributed representation of context by intrinsic subnetworks in prefrontal cortex." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 8 (February 7, 2017): 2030–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1615269114.

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Human prefrontal cortex supports goal-directed behavior by representing abstract information about task context. The organizational basis of these context representations, and of representations underlying other higher-order processes, is unknown. Here, we use multivariate decoding and analyses of spontaneous correlations to show that context representations are distributed across subnetworks within prefrontal cortex. Examining targeted prefrontal regions, we found that pairs of voxels with similar context preferences exhibited spontaneous correlations that were approximately twice as large as those between pairs with opposite context preferences. This subnetwork organization was stable across task-engaged and resting states, suggesting that abstract context representations are constrained by an intrinsic functional architecture. These results reveal a principle of fine-scaled functional organization in association cortex.

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Tourmen, Claire, Marielle Berriet-Solliec, and Denis Lépicier. "The spontaneous theoreticians: How evaluators build and revise their knowledge of programs through experience." Evaluation 27, no. 3 (July 2021): 307–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13563890211007160.

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What exactly do evaluators learn about programs through experience and how? We chose a constructivist framework to investigate the structure of evaluators’ program-related knowledge, namely the form, content, and origins of their expressed theories. In this context, we complemented a Piagetian theory of learning with new developments offered by “probabilistic” (or “Bayesian”) models of learning. We conducted “explicitation” interviews with nine experienced practitioners, some specializing in the education or agri-environment sectors and some generalists. After examining the form and content of their program-related knowledge, we examine its development through experience but also through contact with researchers and readings. In conclusion, we discuss our study’s strengths and limitations, as well as the implications of our results for evaluation training and teaching.

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Margolis, A. A. "Zone of Proximal Development, Scaffolding and Teaching Practice." Cultural-Historical Psychology 16, no. 3 (2020): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/chp.2020160303.

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The construction of the zone of proximal development (ZPD) in the context of teaching activity is discussed in the paper.ZPD is compared and contrasted with the concept of scaffolding as introduced by Jerome Bruner. In the context of its potential for operationalisation in the form of teacher activities, the author examines key ZPD content given by Lev Vygotsky in terms of the complex interaction of spontaneous (everyday) concepts formed prior to the beginning of school education with scientific (theoretical) concepts formed during schooling. Vygotsky’s main idea about the leading role of scientific concepts in the restructuring of previously formed spontaneous concepts, as well as in the development of the child’s holistic thinking, leads to the conclusion that it is possible also to directly influence the spontaneous formation concepts change through the organisation of collectively distributed forms of educational activity and in a polylogue based the Socratic method. The leading psychological processes, which ensure the development of spontaneous concepts through their greater generalisation and awareness, comprise the processes of exteriorisation of spontaneous concepts, reflection and subsequent interiorisation of a collectively constructed concept. Therefore, the activities of teaching in constructing a ZPD include providing conditions for the distribution of individual operations in the course of a joint learning action and facilitating a polylogue to ensure the effective functioning of these psychological processes in the course of specifically organised learning activities.

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Müller, Mira, Julian Klein, and Thomas Jacobsen. "Beyond Demand: Investigating Spontaneous Evaluation of Chord Progressions with the Affective Priming Paradigm." Music Perception 29, no. 1 (September 1, 2011): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2011.29.1.93.

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We assume that evaluative processes in response to musical stimuli can occur spontaneously without explicit demand, and that these responses are important for the emergence of emotions evoked by music. Two versions of the affective priming paradigm served to study spontaneous evaluation of music. In Experiment 1, a lexical decision task (LDT) and in Experiments 2 and 3, an evaluative decision task (EDT) was employed. A total of 20 original four-part, five-chord piano sequences with no specified harmonic resolution were used as primes. During the LDT, congruency in valence of prime-target pairs did not affect response times to the targets. However, for the EDT, significant effects of priming were obtained, indicating that spontaneous evaluations of primes must have occurred. No moderating influences of music expertise or any other person variable on spontaneous evaluation were observed. The diverging results of LDT and EDT point to the possibility that spontaneous evaluative processes are sensitive to context manipulations. Results are discussed with reference to harmonic and semantic priming studies.

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Best, Jennifer A., and Mark W. Smith. "Spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma originating at lumbar arteries in context of cirrhosis." Journal of Hospital Medicine 5, no. 5 (June 9, 2010): E4—E5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhm.502.

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Robin, Jessica, Luisa Garzon, and Morris Moscovitch. "Spontaneous memory retrieval varies based on familiarity with a spatial context." Cognition 190 (September 2019): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2019.04.018.

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Carlip, S. "Spontaneous dimensional reduction in quantum gravity." International Journal of Modern Physics D 25, no. 12 (October 2016): 1643003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271816430033.

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Hints from a number of different approaches to quantum gravity point to a phenomenon of “spontaneous dimensional reduction” to two spacetime dimensions near the Planck scale. I examine the physical meaning of the term “dimension” in this context, summarize the evidence for dimensional reduction, and discuss possible physical explanations.

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Rubio, Enrique Gutiérrez. "Spanish phraseology in formal and informal spontaneous oral language production." Yearbook of Phraseology 11, no. 1 (November 25, 2020): 81–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phras-2020-0006.

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AbstractThe study presented in this paper aims to perform a comprehensive analysis of the use of phraseological units (PUs) in contemporary Spanish according to two different levels of oral language production: (a) spontaneous informal (on the basis of conversations uttered among the contestants of the Spanish version of the reality show Big Brother), (b) spontaneous formal (on the basis of interviews performed on Spanish radio and TV programmes). The configuration of Spanish phraseology as it is used in formal and informal spontaneous oral language production will be investigated according to four variables: frequency distribution, typological distribution, stylistic distribution, and individual distribution. It will be shown that a) the more informal the discourse context, the higher the frequency of use of PUs, b) that idioms (and not routine formulae or proverbs) are clearly dominant in both formal and informal oral contexts, c) that there are speakers in formal discourse contexts who often utter informal PUs, d) that vulgar vs. non-vulgar PUs – and not so much informal vs. non-informal PUs – is the main disagreement between formal and informal spontaneous oral contexts, and e) that using vulgar PUs more or less frequently would be a highly individual issue.

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Evans, Julia L., and Holly K. Craig. "Language Sample Collection and Analysis." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 35, no. 2 (April 1992): 343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3502.343.

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Spontaneous language samples elicited during freeplay and interview contexts were compared for 10 children who were specifically language impaired (SLI). Clinician-child videotaped interactions were analyzed for both structural and conversational behaviors. The results indicated that the interview was a reliable and valid assessment context, eliciting the same profile of behaviors as the freeplay context without altering diagnostic classifications. Most behaviors occurred significantly more often during the interview than during the freeplay context, indicating further that interviews are an efficient language sampling alternative for assessment purposes with elementary school-aged children with language disorders.

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Lavan, Nadine, and Carolyn McGettigan. "Increased Discriminability of Authenticity from Multimodal Laughter is Driven by Auditory Information." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 70, no. 10 (October 2017): 2159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2016.1226370.

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We present an investigation of the perception of authenticity in audiovisual laughter, in which we contrast spontaneous and volitional samples and examine the contributions of unimodal affective information to multimodal percepts. In a pilot study, we demonstrate that listeners perceive spontaneous laughs as more authentic than volitional ones, both in unimodal (audio-only, visual-only) and multimodal contexts (audiovisual). In the main experiment, we show that the discriminability of volitional and spontaneous laughter is enhanced for multimodal laughter. Analyses of relationships between affective ratings and the perception of authenticity show that, while both unimodal percepts significantly predict evaluations of audiovisual laughter, it is auditory affective cues that have the greater influence on multimodal percepts. We discuss differences and potential mismatches in emotion signalling through voices and faces, in the context of spontaneous and volitional behaviour, and highlight issues that should be addressed in future studies of dynamic multimodal emotion processing.

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Newberry, Kim, Shuya Wang, Nina Hoque, Laszlo Kiss, Michael K. Ahlijanian, James Herrington, and John D. Graef. "Development of a spontaneously active dorsal root ganglia assay using multiwell multielectrode arrays." Journal of Neurophysiology 115, no. 6 (June 1, 2016): 3217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01122.2015.

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In vitro phenotypic assays of sensory neuron activity are important tools for identifying potential analgesic compounds. These assays are typically characterized by hyperexcitable and/or abnormally, spontaneously active cells. Whereas manual electrophysiology experiments provide high-resolution biophysical data to characterize both in vitro models and potential therapeutic modalities (e.g., action potential characteristics, the role of specific ion channels, and receptors), these techniques are hampered by their low throughput. We have established a spontaneously active dorsal root ganglia (DRG) platform using multiwell multielectrode arrays (MEAs) that greatly increase the ability to evaluate the effects of multiple compounds and conditions on DRG excitability within the context of a cellular network. We show that spontaneous DRG firing can be attenuated with selective Na+ and Ca2+ channel blockers, as well as enhanced with K+ channel blockers. In addition, spontaneous activity can be augmented with both the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 agonist capsaicin and the peptide bradykinin and completely blocked with neurokinin receptor antagonists. Finally, we validated the use of this assay by demonstrating that commonly used neuropathic pain therapeutics suppress DRG spontaneous activity. Overall, we have optimized primary rat DRG cells on a multiwell MEA platform to generate and characterize spontaneously active cultures that have the potential to be used as an in vitro phenotypic assay to evaluate potential therapeutics in rodent models of pain.

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Burmester, Bridget, Janet Leathem, and Paul Merrick. "Assessing subjective memory complaints: a comparison of spontaneous reports and structured questionnaire methods." International Psychogeriatrics 27, no. 1 (July 3, 2014): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610214001161.

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ABSTRACTBackground:Subjective memory complaints (SMCs) are a common occurrence for adults, which increase with age, and cause considerable distress. Traditionally SMCs have been assessed by either questionnaires, which ask whether a person has experienced given examples of SMCs, or open-ended questions which elicit spontaneous reports of SMCs. However, little is known about how these methods of assessment might influence reporting of SMCs.Methods:Four hundred and twenty one adults aged 40 years and above were surveyed about SMCs using spontaneous report and questionnaire methods.Results:As expected, spontaneously reported SMCs were fewer in number and rated more distressing overall than SMCs endorsed on a questionnaire. However, comparison of individual SMCs revealed that distress ratings tended to be higher when assessed in a questionnaire than spontaneously reported, which may be due to the context of a questionnaire causing inflated ratings. Participants also reported SMCs which were not well assessed by the questionnaire, including some which were among the most distressing SMCs overall. Conversely, other SMCs were over-sampled by the questionnaire and did not feature in spontaneous reports.Conclusions:Implications for clinical assessment of SMCs are that open-ended questioning might be preferable to initial use of prescriptive questionnaires, in order to elicit SMCs that are most distressing. While use of questionnaires may reveal endorsement of a wider range of SMCs than are spontaneously reported, they can take focus away from, or even fail to assess, those SMCs which cause most subjective distress (and therefore should be the target of interventions).

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Ferenchak, Nicholas N., and Wesley E. Marshall. "Spontaneous order of pedestrian and vehicle intersection conflicts in the Indian context." Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 55 (May 2018): 451–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2018.03.025.

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Men’shanov, P. N. "Characteristics of Spontaneous Motor Activity in Neonatal Rats in a Novel Context." Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology 44, no. 3 (February 27, 2014): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11055-014-9908-3.

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Chapman, David. "Context Effects on the Spontaneous Leg Movements of Infants with Spina Bifida." Pediatric Physical Therapy 14, no. 2 (2002): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001577-200214020-00002.

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Kiefte, Michael, and Terrance M. Nearey. "Modeling consonant-context effects in a large database of spontaneous speech recordings." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 142, no. 1 (July 2017): 434–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4991022.

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Navarro, Natália de Arruda Botelho, Cristiano André da Costa, Jorge Luis Victoria Barbosa, and Rodrigo da Rosa Righi. "Spontaneous Social Network: toward dynamic virtual communities based on context-aware computing." Expert Systems with Applications 95 (April 2018): 72–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2017.11.017.

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Ho, Shuyuan Mary, and Jeffrey T. Hancock. "Context in a bottle: Language-action cues in spontaneous computer-mediated deception." Computers in Human Behavior 91 (February 2019): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.09.008.

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Pavlenko, Pavlo Yuriyovych. "The figure of Jesus Christ in the context of religious studies." Ukrainian Religious Studies, no. 27-28 (November 11, 2003): 146–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2003.27-28.1473.

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The study of the origins of the Christian religion has always been one of the most difficult problems. This is due, first of all, to the almost complete absence of specific historical evidence of early Christianity and of its founder, which in turn led to the emergence of the so-called "mythological theory" according to which Christianity emerged "spontaneously" in Palestine and is unknown in any way. F. Engels, who borrowed from Bruno Bauer the date of writing the Book of the Annunciation of John the Theologian, the last book of the New Testament canon, played a significant role in the formation of such views. In accepting this date, understanding of Christianity as a "spontaneous" phenomenon, initially representing the movement of the underprivileged masses of the Roman Empire, played a role. In this sense, any "spontaneity" automatically excluded the historicity of virtually all evangelical characters (according to Engels, all of them are nothing but mythological images). If neither Jesus nor his apostles existed, then the gospel narrative of Christ evolved from the myth of Christ as God to the myth of Jesus as God-man.

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Pöllinger, Bernadette, Gurumoorthy Krishnamoorthy, Kerstin Berer, Hans Lassmann, Michael R. Bösl, Robert Dunn, Helena S. Domingues, Andreas Holz, Florian C. Kurschus, and Hartmut Wekerle. "Spontaneous relapsing-remitting EAE in the SJL/J mouse: MOG-reactive transgenic T cells recruit endogenous MOG-specific B cells." Journal of Experimental Medicine 206, no. 6 (June 1, 2009): 1303–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20090299.

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We describe new T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice (relapsing-remitting [RR] mice) carrying a TCR specific for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide 92–106 in the context of I-As. Backcrossed to the SJL/J background, most RR mice spontaneously develop RR experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) with episodes often altering between different central nervous system tissues like the cerebellum, optic nerve, and spinal cord. Development of spontaneous EAE depends on the presence of an intact B cell compartment and on the expression of MOG autoantigen. There is no spontaneous EAE development in B cell–depleted mice or in transgenic mice lacking MOG. Transgenic T cells seem to expand MOG autoreactive B cells from the endogenous repertoire. The expanded autoreactive B cells produce autoantibodies binding to a conformational epitope on the native MOG protein while ignoring the T cell target peptide. The secreted autoantibodies are pathogenic, enhancing demyelinating EAE episodes. RR mice constitute the first spontaneous animal model for the most common form of multiple sclerosis (MS), RR MS.

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Sun, Tianyanxin, Bora Lee, Jason Kinchen, Erica T. Wang, Tania L. Gonzalez, Jessica L. Chan, Jerome I. Rotter, et al. "Differences in First-Trimester Maternal Metabolomic Profiles in Pregnancies Conceived From Fertility Treatments." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 104, no. 4 (November 15, 2018): 1005–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2018-01118.

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Abstract Context Maternal metabolic status reflects underlying physiological changes in the maternal-placental-fetal unit that may help identify contributors to adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with infertility and treatments used. Objective To determine if maternal metabolomic profiles differ between spontaneous pregnancies and pregnancies conceived with fertility treatments that may explain the differences in pregnancy outcomes. Design Metabolon metabolomic analysis and ELISAs for 17-β-estradiol and progesterone were performed during the late first trimester of pregnancy. Setting Academic institution. Subjects Women in the Spontaneous/Medically Assisted/Assisted Reproductive Technology cohort (N = 409), 208 of whom conceived spontaneously and 201 with infertility [non in vitro fertilization treatments (NIFT), n=90; in vitro fertilization (IVF), n=111]. Intervention Mode of conception. Main Outcome Measures Levels of of 806 metabolites within eight superpathways, 17-β-estradiol, and progesterone in maternal plasma in the late first trimester. Results Metabolomic differences in the lipid superpathway (i.e., steroid metabolites, lipids with docosahexaenoyl acyl chains, acyl cholines), and xanthine and benzoate metabolites (P < 0.05) were significant among the spontaneous and two infertility groups, with greatest differences between the spontaneous and IVF groups. 17-β-estradiol and progesterone levels were significantly elevated in the infertility groups, with greatest differences between the spontaneous and IVF groups. Conclusion Metabolomic profiles differ between spontaneous and infertility pregnancies, likely driven by IVF. Higher levels of steroids and their metabolites are likely due to increased hormone production from placenta reprogrammed from fertility treatments, which may contribute to adverse outcomes associated with infertility and the treatments used.

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RUDAZ, SERGE, AJIT M. SRIVASTAVA, and SHIKHA VARMA. "PROBING GAUGE STRING FORMATION IN A SUPERCONDUCTING PHASE TRANSITION." International Journal of Modern Physics A 14, no. 10 (April 20, 1999): 1591–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x99000804.

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Superconductors are the only experimentally accessible systems with spontaneously broken gauge symmetries which support topologically nontrivial defects, namely string defects. We propose two experiments whose aim is the observation of the dense network of these strings thought to arise, via the Kibble mechanism, in the course of a spontaneous symmetry breaking phase transition. We suggest ways to estimate the order of magnitude of the density of flux tubes produced in the phase transition. This may provide an experimental check for the theories of the production of topological defects in a spontaneously broken gauge theory, such as those employed in the context of the early Universe.

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Lloyd, Kevin, and David S. Leslie. "Context-dependent decision-making: a simple Bayesian model." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 10, no. 82 (May 6, 2013): 20130069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.0069.

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Many phenomena in animal learning can be explained by a context-learning process whereby an animal learns about different patterns of relationship between environmental variables. Differentiating between such environmental regimes or ‘contexts’ allows an animal to rapidly adapt its behaviour when context changes occur. The current work views animals as making sequential inferences about current context identity in a world assumed to be relatively stable but also capable of rapid switches to previously observed or entirely new contexts. We describe a novel decision-making model in which contexts are assumed to follow a Chinese restaurant process with inertia and full Bayesian inference is approximated by a sequential-sampling scheme in which only a single hypothesis about current context is maintained. Actions are selected via Thompson sampling, allowing uncertainty in parameters to drive exploration in a straightforward manner. The model is tested on simple two-alternative choice problems with switching reinforcement schedules and the results compared with rat behavioural data from a number of T-maze studies. The model successfully replicates a number of important behavioural effects: spontaneous recovery, the effect of partial reinforcement on extinction and reversal, the overtraining reversal effect, and serial reversal-learning effects.

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Dollaghan, Christine A., Thomas F. Campbell, and Russell Tomlin. "Video Narration as a Language Sampling Context." Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 55, no. 3 (August 1990): 582–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshd.5503.582.

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Video narration is a context for samping spontaneous expressive language in which the subject produces an on-line description of the events he or she observes on videotape. Video narration offers a means of reducing the variability among language samples from different speakers, or from the same speaker over time, because the number and complexity of events to be coded linguistically is known and constant. This increased consistency facilitates comparisons among samples, as well as enabling certain analyses requiring a transparent relationship between utterances and events. Advantages and limitations of video narration as an adjunct to conversational sampling are described, and comparisons between longitudinal video narration and conversational samples obtained from brain-injured children and their matched normal controls are presented.

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Василенко, L. Vasilenko, Губернова, and M. Gubernova. "Human Resources in the Context of Epidemic Social Processes." Management of the Personnel and Intellectual Resources in Russia 3, no. 1 (February 10, 2014): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2633.

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Issues of social epidemics and social diseases emergence in the context of new communications and contemporary global social-informational medium development are discussed. serves as a basics for the analysis of new communications impact on human condition and social sphere is analyzed based on the social self-organization, or social synergetics, theory as a methodological foundation. The global informational environment has accumulated enormous collective intellect. Ever-growing intellectual resources create principally new non-equilibrium environment for social communications. Non-equilibrium itself brings about and prompts risks of mass natural phenomena and epidemic processes in the social medium. Self-organization is a spontaneous process going on without any outer managerial efforts. Self-organization facilitates spontaneous growth of individuals’ mobility and creates potential for counteraction to public administration. Mass diffusion of ideological or religious cults, movements, ideas, technological innovations, fashions, games of luck, alcohol and drug abuse — all these have epidemic character. Specifics of social epidemic processes are highlighted: multivariability of destructive impact on the social and economic fabric of society, relationship of social epidemics to economic crises, etc. Destructive epidemic processes can be stopped with social therapy methods and “vaccination” against information viruses, including techniques fo nurturing moral and intellectual foundation of personality. M. Gladwell’s approach to counter social epidemics is shown as promising (stickiness factor, the law of the few, force of circumstances).

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Berntsen, Dorthe. "Involuntary autobiographical memories and their relation to other forms of spontaneous thoughts." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1817 (December 14, 2020): 20190693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0693.

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Involuntary autobiographical memories are memories of personal events that come to mind spontaneously—that is, with no conscious initiation of the retrieval process. Such spontaneously arising memories were long ignored in cognitive psychology, which generally has focused on controlled and strategic forms of remembering, studied in laboratory settings. Recent evidence shows that involuntary memories of past events are highly frequent in daily life, and that they represent a context-sensitive, and associative way of recollecting past events that involves little executive control. They operate by constraints that favour recent events and events with a distinct feature overlap to the current situation, which optimizes the probability of functional relevance to the ongoing situation. In addition to adults, they are documented in young children and great apes and may be an ontogenetic and evolutionary forerunner of strategic retrieval of past events. Findings suggest that intrusive involuntary memories observed clinically after traumatic events should be viewed as a dysfunctional subclass of otherwise functional involuntary autobiographical memories. Because of their highly constrained, situation-dependent and automatic nature, involuntary autobiographical memories form a distinct category of spontaneous thought that cannot be equated with mind wandering. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Offline perception: voluntary and spontaneous perceptual experiences without matching external stimulation’.

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Verhoeven, Frank, Clément Prati, and Daniel Wendling. "Amyloidoma, an Unusual Cause of Fracture." Case Reports in Rheumatology 2014 (2014): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/424056.

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We report a case of a spontaneous hip fracture in a context of dysglobulinemia. The bone histologic examination found amyloidoma. Amyloidoma is an overload pathology and an unusual cause of fracture. In most of the cases, it is associated with myeloma and the difference between bone invasion of myeloma and amyloidoma in an osteolytic radiographic picture is not easy but is of importance because prognosis and treatment may be totally different. Thus, in the context of dysglobulinemia, one must keep in mind that spontaneous bone fracture may be due to amyloidoma with another prognosis.

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Shimoda, Shota, Takaaki Ozawa, Yukio Ichitani, and Kazuo Yamada. "Long-term associative memory in rats: Effects of familiarization period in object-place-context recognition test." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 30, 2021): e0254570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254570.

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Spontaneous recognition tests, which utilize rodents’ innate tendency to explore novelty, can evaluate not only simple non-associative recognition memory but also more complex associative memory in animals. In the present study, we investigated whether the length of the object familiarization period (sample phase) improved subsequent novelty discrimination in the spontaneous object, place, and object-place-context (OPC) recognition tests in rats. In the OPC recognition test, rats showed a significant novelty preference only when the familiarization period was 30 min but not when it was 5 min or 15 min. In addition, repeated 30-min familiarization periods extended the significant novelty preference to 72 hours. However, the rats exhibited a successful discrimination between the stayed and replaced objects under 15 min and 30 min familiarization period conditions in the place recognition test and between the novel and familiar objects under all conditions of 5, 15 and 30 min in the object recognition test. Our results suggest that the extension of the familiarization period improves performance in the spontaneous recognition paradigms, and a longer familiarization period is necessary for long-term associative recognition memory than for non-associative memory.

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Shandro, Alan. "Political Action, Context and Conjuncture." Historical Materialism 3, no. 1 (1998): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920698100414293.

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AbstractConcerned to remedy the ‘state of severe disarray’ that immobilises the left in advanced capitalist countries, Howard Chodos and Colin Hay set out to inquire into ‘the organisational conditions that are necessary to the radical transformation of capitalism'. This disarray is expressed in the drift of social-democratic parties in the wake of the neoliberal mainstream, the inability of a fragmented and disappearing radical Left to orient either itself or spontaneous resistance to the global neoliberal agenda, and the failure of the ‘new’ social movements as a vehicle of ‘broader social transformation'. Against this background of fragmentation, dispersal and division, the authors spell out their central contention: the idea that ‘there is a distinctively creative component to politics', as the claim that organisation in general and the political party in particular provide the necessary context for the actualisation of ‘belief-dependent emergent capacities'. Fulfilling a ‘multi-dimensional mediating function', the party provides ‘an indispensable context in which we can define who we are and what we stand for', a locus for the definition of commonalities, and hence it constitutes a basis for strategic action.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Spontaneous Context'

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