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Journal articles on the topic 'Spoof effects'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Mercier, J. F., M. L. Cordero, S. Félix, A. Ourir, and A. Maurel. "Classical homogenization to analyse the dispersion relations of spoof plasmons with geometrical and compositional effects." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 471, no. 2182 (2015): 20150472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2015.0472.

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We show that the classical homogenization is able to describe the dispersion relation of spoof plasmons in structured thick interfaces with periodic unit cell being at the subwavelength scale. This is because the interface in the real problem is replaced by a slab of an homogeneous birefringent medium, with an effective mass density tensor and an effective bulk modulus. Thus, explicit dispersion relation can be derived, corresponding to guided waves in the homogenized problem. Contrary to previous effective medium theories or retrieval methods, the homogenization gives effective parameters dep

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2

Mosavi, M. R., Z. Nasrpooya, and M. Moazedi. "Advanced Anti-Spoofing Methods in Tracking Loop." Journal of Navigation 69, no. 4 (2016): 883–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463315001010.

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The Global Positioning System (GPS) has become widespread in many civilian applications. GPS signals are vulnerable to interference and even low-power interference can easily spoof GPS receivers. In this paper, two techniques are proposed based on correlators and adaptive filtering to diminish the effect of spoofing on GPS-based positioning. The suggested algorithms are implemented in the tracking loop of the receiver. As a first method, a high-resolution correlator is utilised to avoid big parts of the influence of interference. To improve the results, a multicorrelator technique is also empl

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3

Qiu, Li Jun, and Su Ying Xu. "Exploration on the Dual Spool Design of Rotary Hydraulic Valve." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 2845–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.2845.

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There is also a monomer leak valve body on the single spool, Leakage between the guide groove affected the layout of the form guide groove. Two end faces of the single spool work in the different fluid pressure in the chamber. When the working pressure of the hydraulic system is high, the pressure differential will cause the spool bearings subject to large axial force. It will increase the resistance torque of bearing rotation. Effects of axial force also limits the increase spool diameter. Double spool valve with two spool rotation series manner. Each spool in the same pressure in the working

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4

Pan, Xu Dong, Guang Lin Wang, and L. Zhang. "Simulation Study on Spool Edge’s Round Angle Effects on Spool Valve Orifice Discharge Characteristic." Applied Mechanics and Materials 10-12 (December 2007): 918–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.10-12.918.

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This paper deals with the effect on orifice discharge characteristic by the round angle of electro-hydraulic servo valve spool metering edge. The machining method of spool metering edge can cause micro round angle on the edge. This paper firstly provides 3D geometry model and computational grids of spool valve where the round angle’s range is 0-10μm and orifice opening is 0-40μm. Secondly calculates the flow rate of the orifice on the constant differential pressure circumstances. The numerical analysis is performed by using the commercial code ‘‘Fluent’’, and the numerical results show the com

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Minias, Piotr, Radosław Włodarczyk, Adrian Surmacki, and Tomasz Iciek. "Silver spoon effects on plumage quality in a passerine bird." Royal Society Open Science 2, no. 6 (2015): 140459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.140459.

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A silver spoon effect means that individuals who develop under favourable circumstances enjoy a fitness or performance advantage later in life. While there is large empirical support for silver spoon effects acting on different life-history traits in birds, such as survival and reproduction, the evidence for the carry-over effects of rearing conditions on the quality of future plumage generations is lacking. Here, we examined whether abilities of individuals to undergo extensive post-juvenile moult may depend on the quality of juvenile plumage developed during the nestling phase in a small pas

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Wang, He, Long Quan, Jiahai Huang, Guofang Gong, and Xu Yang. "Reduction of steady flow torques in a single-stage rotary servo valve." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 233, no. 4 (2018): 718–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408918793402.

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In this paper, geometry optimization of spool is proposed to reduce the steady flow torques in a single-stage rotary servo valve. The steady flow torques under different spool structures are studied by computational fluid dynamics simulation and experimental test and the most effective spool structure is found out. Then, the effects of geometry parameters on the steady flow torques are studied and an optimized solution for reduction of the steady flow torques is suggested by considering the optimization qualities and production costs. The results show that modification of the geometry of spool

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7

Harrar, Vanessa, and Charles Spence. "A weighty matter: The effect of spoon size and weight on food perception." Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x648288.

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When deciding on a product’s quality, we often pick it up to gauge its weight. If it’s heavy enough, we tend to think that it is good quality. We have recently shown that the weight of a dish can affect the taste and quality perception of the food it contains. Here, we varied the weight of spoons in order to determine whether the weight or size of the cutlery might influence taste perception. Teaspoons and tablespoons were tested, with one of each spoon-size artificially weighted with lead hidden into the handle (teaspoons: 2.35 and 5.67 g, and tablespoons: 3.73 and 10.84 g). Participants tast

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8

Pigeon, Gabriel, Marco Festa-Bianchet, and Fanie Pelletier. "Long-term fitness consequences of early environment in a long-lived ungulate." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1853 (2017): 20170222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0222.

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Cohort effects can be a major source of heterogeneity and play an important role in population dynamics. Silver-spoon effects, when environmental quality at birth improves future performance regardless of the adult environment, can induce strong lagged responses on population growth. Alternatively, the external predictive adaptive response (PAR) hypothesis predicts that organisms will adjust their developmental trajectory and physiology during early life in anticipation of expected adult conditions but has rarely been assessed in wild species. We used over 40 years of detailed individual monit

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9

CHOWDHURY, SAYAM U., MOHAMMAD FOYSAL, M. ABDULLAH ABU DIYAN, and SAKIB AHMED. "Discovery of an important wintering site of the Critically Endangered Spoon-billed Sandpiper Calidris pygmaea in the Meghna Estuary, Bangladesh." Bird Conservation International 28, no. 2 (2017): 251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270917000247.

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SummaryThe Critically Endangered Spoon-billed Sandpiper Calidris pygmaeus is one of the most threatened migratory shorebirds in the world, breeding in Russia and wintering in Asia. The global population is declining rapidly and is projected to be extinct within a few decades without intervention. Here, we present the results of shorebird surveys in previously unrecognised site in Bangladesh along the Meghna Estuary, identified for the first time by using species distribution models. Counts and habitat preference of Spoon-billed Sandpipers and other endangered shorebirds are described here with

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10

Ruan, J., R. Burton, P. Ukrainetz, and Y. M. Xu. "Two-dimensional pressure control valve." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 215, no. 9 (2001): 1031–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095440620121500903.

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The two-dimensional pressure control valve is a piloted control valve which functions by using both linear and rotary motions of a single spool. A groove on the spool land, incorporating a sensing channel, forms the pilot stage to control the pressure of a spool chamber, while the load pressure is fed to the other spool chamber. To sustain the balance of the force across the spool, the load pressure must follow the change of pressure variation along the groove while the spool is in rotary motion. The geometric parameters of the groove and the spool-to-sleeve clearance have significant effects

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11

Quisel, John D., William F. Burkholder, and Alan D. Grossman. "In Vivo Effects of Sporulation Kinases on Mutant Spo0A Proteins in Bacillus subtilis." Journal of Bacteriology 183, no. 22 (2001): 6573–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.22.6573-6578.2001.

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ABSTRACT The phosphorylated form of the response regulator Spo0A (Spo0A∼P) is required for the initiation of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. Phosphate is transferred to Spo0A from at least four histidine kinases (KinA, KinB, KinC, and KinD) by a phosphotransfer pathway composed of Spo0F and Spo0B. Several mutations inspo0A allow initiation of sporulation in the absence ofspo0F and spo0B, but the mechanisms by which these mutations allow bypass of spo0F andspo0B are not fully understood. We measured the ability of KinA, KinB, and KinC to activate sporulation of fivespo0A mutants in the absenc

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12

Vaughan, N. D., and J. B. Gamble. "The Modeling and Simulation of a Proportional Solenoid Valve." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 118, no. 1 (1996): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2801131.

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A nonlinear dynamic model of a high speed direct acting solenoid valve is presented. The valve consists of two subsystems; a proportional solenoid and a spool assembly. These two subsystems are modeled separately. The solenoid is modeled as a nonlinear resistor/inductor combination, with inductance parameters that change with displacement and current. Empirical curve fitting techniques are used to model the magnetic characteristics of the solenoid, enabling both current and magnetic flux to be simulated. The spool assembly is modeled as a spring/mass/damper system. The inertia and damping effe

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13

Hopwood, Paul E., Allen J. Moore, and Nick J. Royle. "Effects of resource variation during early life and adult social environment on contest outcomes in burying beetles: a context-dependent silver spoon strategy?" Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1785 (2014): 20133102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.3102.

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Good early nutritional conditions may confer a lasting fitness advantage over individuals suffering poor early conditions (a ‘silver spoon’ effect). Alternatively, if early conditions predict the likely adult environment, adaptive plastic responses might maximize individual performance when developmental and adult conditions match (environmental-matching effect). Here, we test for silver spoon and environmental-matching effects by manipulating the early nutritional environment of Nicrophorus vespilloides burying beetles. We manipulated nutrition during two specific early developmental windows:

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14

Elmer, K. F., and C. R. Gentle. "A parsimonious model for the proportional control valve." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 215, no. 11 (2001): 1357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954406011524739.

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A generic non-linear dynamic model of a direct-acting electrohydraulic proportional solenoid valve is presented. The valve consists of two subsystems—a spool assembly and one or two unidirectional proportional solenoids. These two subsystems are modelled separately. The solenoid is modelled as a non-linear resistor-inductor combination, with inductance parameters that change with current. An innovative modelling method has been used to represent these components. The spool assembly is modelled as a mass-spring-damper system. The inertia and the damping effects of the solenoid armature are inco

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15

Ruan, J., R. Burton, and P. Ukrainetz. "An Investigation Into the Characteristics of a Two Dimensional “2D” Flow Control Valve." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 124, no. 1 (2001): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1433480.

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In hydraulic servo systems, a pilot stage is often used to reduce the influence of Bernoulli’s forces and frictional forces when trying to accurately position a spool. A unique pilot controlled valve (defined as a two dimensional or “2D” flow control valve), which utilizes both rotary and linear motions of a single spool, is presented. The rotary motion uses a spiral groove in the sleeve combined with high and low pressure holes on the spool land to control the pressure in the spool chamber, while the linear motion of the spool is actuated by a hydrostatic force. Both linear theory and numeric

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16

James, Lewis J., Tyler Maher, Jack Biddle, and David R. Broom. "Eating with a smaller spoon decreases bite size, eating rate and ad libitum food intake in healthy young males." British Journal of Nutrition 120, no. 7 (2018): 830–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114518002246.

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AbstractThere is a paucity of data examining the effect of cutlery size on the microstructure of within-meal eating behaviour or food intake. Therefore, the present studies examined how manipulation of spoon size influenced these eating behaviour measures in lean young men. In study one, subjects ate a semi-solid porridge breakfast ad libitum, until satiation. In study two, subjects ate a standardised amount of porridge, with mean bite size and mean eating rate covertly measured by observation through a one-way mirror. Both studies involved subjects completing a familiarisation visit and two e

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17

Arafa, H. A., and M. Rizk. "Spool Hydraulic Stiffness and Flow Force Effects in Electrohydraulic Servo-Valves." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 201, no. 3 (1987): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1987_201_106_02.

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This paper deals with an analytical and experimental assessment of the flow force effects on electrohydraulic servo-valve steady state characteristics. The system mathematical model is derived, and special consideration is given to non-linearity of the feedback wire stiffness and magnetic saturation of the armature. The ‘spool hydraulic stiffness’ is defined and expressed in terms of the servo-valve parameters and supply pressure to allow clear interpretation of the nature of flow force effects. Experimental results of spool displacement decrement due to flow force versus net displacement are

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18

Steinwald, Mary C., Bradley J. Swanson, and Peter M. Waser. "EFFECTS OF SPOOL-AND-LINE TRACKING ON SMALL DESERT MAMMALS." Southwestern Naturalist 51, no. 1 (2006): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[71:eostos]2.0.co;2.

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19

McDonald, Susan S., David Levine, Jim Richards, and Lauren Aguilar. "Effectiveness of adaptive silverware on range of motion of the hand." PeerJ 4 (February 15, 2016): e1667. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1667.

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Background.Hand function is essential to a person’s self-efficacy and greatly affects quality of life. Adapted utensils with handles of increased diameters have historically been used to assist individuals with arthritis or other hand disabilities for feeding, and other related activities of daily living. To date, minimal research has examined the biomechanical effects of modified handles, or quantified the differences in ranges of motion (ROM) when using a standard versus a modified handle. The aim of this study was to quantify the ranges of motion (ROM) required for a healthy hand to use dif

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20

Kralev, Jordan, Alexander Mitov та Tsonyo Slavov. "Robust μ-Controller for Hydraulic Spool Valve, Pilot Operated with Switching Micro Valves". Energies 14, № 16 (2021): 4817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164817.

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Hydraulic spool valve, pilot operated with bi-state switching micro valves is a low-cost alternative to the conventional proportional and high-response valves. However, high-frequency switching causes variations in the control flow which limits achievable spool tracking error. This paper presents the design of a robust μ-controller for the spool position reference tracking synthesized with D-K iterative procedure. Furthermore, in order to reduce wind-up effects in the closed-loop, the μ-controller is decomposed to a canonical observer and state feedback components which allows explicit introdu

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21

Song, Zitan, Yuqi Zou, Canshi Hu, et al. "Silver spoon effects of hatching order in an asynchronous hatching bird." Behavioral Ecology 30, no. 2 (2018): 509–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/ary191.

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22

James, L. J., T. Maher, J. Biddle, and D. R. Broom. "Spoon size effects energy intake at an ad-libitum porridge breakfast." Appetite 101 (June 2016): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2016.02.114.

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23

Yang, Zaoli, Xin Li, Harish Garg, and Meng Qi. "Decision Support Algorithm for Selecting an Antivirus Mask over COVID-19 Pandemic under Spherical Normal Fuzzy Environment." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10 (2020): 3407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103407.

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With the rapid outbreak of COVID-19, most people are facing antivirus mask shortages. Therefore, it is necessary to reasonably select antivirus masks and optimize the use of them for everyone. However, the uncertainty of the effects of COVID-19 and limits of human cognition add to the difficulty for decision makers to perfectly realize the purpose. To maximize the utility of the antivirus mask, we proposed a decision support algorithm based on the novel concept of the spherical normal fuzzy (SpNoF) set. In it, firstly, we analyzed the new score and accuracy function, improved operational rules

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24

Ferreira, J. A., F. Gomes de Almeida, and M. R. Quintas. "Semi-empirical model for a hydraulic servo-solenoid valve." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 216, no. 3 (2002): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095965180221600303.

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High-performance proportional valves, also called servo-solenoid valves, can be used today in closed-loop applications that previously were only possible with servo-valves. The valve spool motion is controlled in a closed loop with a dedicated hardware controller that enhances the valve frequency response and minimizes some non-linear effects. Owing to their lower cost and maintenance requirements as well as increasing performance they can compete with servo-valves in a large number of applications. This paper describes a new semi-empirical modelling approach for hydraulic proportional spool v

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25

YUGE, Atsushi, Koki TOMIOKA, Kazuhiro TANAKA, Katsuya NAGAYAMA, and Kimishiro TOKUDA. "Dynamic Characteristics of a Spool Valve Coupled with Electromagnetic and Mechanical Effects." Proceedings of the JFPS International Symposium on Fluid Power 2005, no. 6 (2005): 340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5739/isfp.2005.340.

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26

Sanghvi, Krish, Felix Zajitschek, Maider Iglesias-Carrasco, and Megan L. Head. "Sex- and trait-specific silver-spoon effects of developmental environments, on ageing." Evolutionary Ecology 35, no. 3 (2021): 367–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10682-021-10115-y.

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27

Spakovszky, Z. S. "Analysis of Aerodynamically Induced Whirling Forces in Axial Flow Compressors." Journal of Turbomachinery 122, no. 4 (2000): 761–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1312801.

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A new analytical model to predict the aerodynamic forces in axial flow compressors due to asymmetric tip-clearance is introduced. The model captures the effects of tip-clearance induced distortion (i.e., forced shaft whirl), unsteady momentum-induced tangential blade forces, and pressure-induced forces on the spool. Pressure forces are shown to lag the tip-clearance asymmetry, resulting in a tangential (i.e., whirl-inducing) force due to spool pressure. This force can be of comparable magnitude to the classical Alford force. Prediction and elucidation of the Alford force is also presented. In

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28

Ye, Yi, Chen-Bo Yin, Xing-Dong Li, Wei-jin Zhou, and Feng-feng Yuan. "Effects of groove shape of notch on the flow characteristics of spool valve." Energy Conversion and Management 86 (October 2014): 1091–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.06.081.

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29

Omer Bendori, Shira, Shaul Pollak, Dorit Hizi, and Avigdor Eldar. "The RapP-PhrP Quorum-Sensing System of Bacillus subtilis Strain NCIB3610 Affects Biofilm Formation through Multiple Targets, Due to an Atypical Signal-Insensitive Allele of RapP." Journal of Bacteriology 197, no. 3 (2014): 592–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.02382-14.

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The genome ofBacillus subtilis168 encodes eightrap-phrquorum-sensing pairs. Rap proteins of all characterized Rap-Phr pairs inhibit the function of one or several important response regulators: ComA, Spo0F, or DegU. This inhibition is relieved upon binding of the peptide encoded by the cognatephrgene.Bacillus subtilisstrain NCIB3610, the biofilm-proficient ancestor of strain 168, encodes, in addition, therapP-phrPpair on the plasmid pBS32. RapP was shown to dephosphorylate Spo0F and to regulate biofilm formation, but unlike other Rap-Phr pairs, RapP does not interact with PhrP. In this work we

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30

Pountney, D. C., W. Weston, and M. R. Banieghbal. "A Numerical Study of Turbulent Flow Characteristics of Servo-Valve Orifices." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power Engineering 203, no. 2 (1989): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1989_203_018_02.

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A numerical scheme based on the k—e turbulences model has been employed to determine turbulent flow characteristics of servo-valve orifices. Numerical predictions of flow patterns, flow coefficients and pressure variations within the valve orifice are presented and their implications for control of spool forces and cavitation effects are considered. The limitations of the model are considered and a proposal for more effective servo-valve modelling, together with a comparable experimental study, is made.

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31

Bolhuis, D., R. Keast, and L. P. Newman. "Consumption with fork or spoon? Effects on acute food intake, eating rate and palatability." Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 4 (June 2016): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnim.2015.12.317.

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32

Calvard, Thomas Stephen, and Cindy Rajpaul-Baptiste. "The Bittersweet Silver Spoon: Considering the Mixed and Contextual Effects of Nepotistic Organizational Practices." Industrial and Organizational Psychology 8, no. 1 (2015): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/iop.2014.8.

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The focal article by Jones and Stout (2015) has revealed just how much there is for industrial and organizational (I-O) psychologists to try to unpack in the implications of nepotism for organizations and employees, particularly in relation to selection and development practices. In this brief commentary, we try to make two contributions to this state of affairs. First, we discuss the importance of disentangling different types of nepotistic and social connection preference (SCP) effects in context because these differences may in turn implicate distinct processes and effects that shape employ

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Jia, Wen Hua, Chen Bo Yin, and Guo Jin Jiang. "Flow Features Analysis of Throttle Notches of Proportional Direct Valve." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 2285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.2285.

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Flow features, specially, flow rate, discharge coefficient and efflux angle under different operating conditions are numerically simulated, and the effects of shapes and the number of notches on them are analyzed. To simulate flow features, 3D models are developed as commercially available fluid flow models. Most construction machineries in different conditions require different actions. Thus, in order to be capable of different actions and exhibit good dynamic behavior, flow features should be achieved in designing an optimized proportional directional spool valve.

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Liu, Jin-gang, Gao-sheng Wang, Tian-heng Peng, and Sheng-qiang Jiang. "Numerical Simulation of Solid Particle Erosion in Aluminum Alloy Spool Valve." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (December 5, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9465406.

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Aluminum alloy spool valve body material is prone to severe wear on the wall under the condition of oil contamination. Aiming at this problem, combined with the theory of liquid-solid two-phase flow and erosion wear, the wear prediction model of aluminum alloy sliding valve wall is established based on computational fluid dynamics, and the effects of turbulence and wall materials, particle size distribution, and particle shape on particle motion are discussed. The calculation of the wear prediction model is done with Fluent software. This study predicts the wear of the wall under actual workin

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35

Anderson, Randall T., and Perry Y. Li. "Mathematical Modeling of a Two Spool Flow Control Servovalve Using a Pressure Control Pilot1." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 124, no. 3 (2002): 420–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1485287.

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A nonlinear dynamic model for an unconventional, commercially available electrohydraulic flow control servovalve is presented. The two stage valve differs from the conventional servovalve design in that: it uses a pressure control pilot stage; the boost stage uses two spools, instead of a single spool, to meter flow into and out of the valve separately; and it does not require a feedback wire and ball. Consequently, the valve is significantly less expensive. The proposed model captures the nonlinear and dynamic effects. The model has been coded in Matlab/Simulink and experimentally validated.

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Canatan, Duran, and Handan Duman. "The Antioxidant Effects of Capparis Ovata and Deferasirox in Patients with Thalassemia Major." Blood 112, no. 11 (2008): 5427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.5427.5427.

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Abstract Introduction: Iron overload and auto-oxidation of unpaired globin chains is the main cause of oxidative stress in thalassemia. The high levels of MDA in iron overloaded thalassemic patients is the best sample of oxidative stres. Generally decreased iron burden was associated with decreased oxidant damage. In vitro studies were shown that iron chelators such as deferoxamine and deferipron neutrolyse intraselluler free iron and inhibits oxidation. We aimed to show the antioxidant effects of capparis ovatta and deferasirox in thalassemic patients. Material-Method: A total number of 40 th

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Sugiyama, N. "System Identification of Jet Engines." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 122, no. 1 (1999): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.483172.

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System identification plays an important role in advanced control systems for jet engines, in which controls are performed adaptively using data from the actual engine and the identified engine. An identification technique for jet engine using the Constant Gain Extended Kalman Filter (CGEKF) is described. The filter is constructed for a two-spool turbofan engine. The CGEKF filter developed here can recognize parameter change in engine components and estimate unmeasurable variables over whole flight conditions. These capabilities are useful for an advanced Full Authority Digital Electric Contro

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Kelleher, Shannon R., Aimee J. Silla, Petri T. Niemelä, Niels J. Dingemanse, and Phillip G. Byrne. "Dietary carotenoids affect the development of individual differences and behavioral plasticity." Behavioral Ecology 30, no. 5 (2019): 1273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arz074.

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AbstractNutritional conditions experienced during development are expected to play a key role in shaping an individual’s behavioral phenotype. The long term, irreversible effects of nutritional conditions on behavioral variation among and within individuals remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to investigate how long-term carotenoid availability (representing low vs. high quality nutritional conditions) during both larval and adult life stages influences the expression of among-individual variation (animal personality) and within-individual variation (behavioral plasticity). We tested

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Hu, Xianjin, Kun Yang, and Cheng Zhang. "Optimization of Preparation Conditions for Side-Emitting Polymer Optical Fibers Using Response Surface Methodology." Polymers 12, no. 12 (2020): 3062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12123062.

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Polymer optical fibers (POFs) were used for preparing side-emitting polymer optical fibers (SPOFs), which were processed with acetone and n-hexane combined in selected proportions by a solvent treatment method. The effects of the volume ratio of acetone to n-hexane and treatment time on response variable factors were investigated. The center composite design (CCD) based response surface methodology (RSM), a quadratic model, and a two-factor interaction model were developed to relate the preparation variables of illumination intensity, breaking strength, and rigidity. According to analysis of v

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Fondelli, Tommaso, Antonio Andreini, Riccardo Da Soghe, Bruno Facchini, and Lorenzo Cipolla. "Numerical Simulation of Oil Jet Lubrication for High Speed Gears." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/752457.

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The Geared Turbofan technology is one of the most promising engine configurations to significantly reduce the specific fuel consumption. In this architecture, a power epicyclical gearbox is interposed between the fan and the low pressure spool. Thanks to the gearbox, fan and low pressure spool can turn at different speed, leading to higher engine bypass ratio. Therefore the gearbox efficiency becomes a key parameter for such technology. Further improvement of efficiency can be achieved developing a physical understanding of fluid dynamic losses within the transmission system. These losses are

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Richer, Edmond, and Yildirim Hurmuzlu. "A High Performance Pneumatic Force Actuator System: Part I—Nonlinear Mathematical Model." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 122, no. 3 (1999): 416–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1286336.

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In this paper, we developed a detailed mathematical model of dual action pneumatic actuators controlled with proportional spool valves. Effects of nonlinear flow through the valve, air compressibility in cylinder chambers, leakage between chambers, end of stroke inactive volume, and time delay and attenuation in the pneumatic lines were carefully considered. We performed system identification, numerical simulation, and model validation experiments for two types of air cylinders and different connecting tubes length. The mathematical model of the present article is used in a sequel article to d

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Tsai, Chia-Wen. "How Much Can Computers and Internet Help?" International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction 7, no. 1 (2011): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jthi.2011010105.

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Computing education in Taiwan is ineffective. Most teaching efforts in private vocational schools have been devoted to helping students pass tests through a “spoon-feeding” teaching method. Under such constraints, students may lose their long-term competence in practical terms. In this study, the author conducted a series of quasi-experiments to examine the long-term effects of web-mediated problem-based learning (PBL), self-regulated learning (SRL), and their combinations on students’ computing skills over three years. The author re-examined students’ long-term computing skills three years af

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Redmond, John A., Diann Brei, Jonathan Luntz, Alan L. Browne, and Nancy L. Johnson. "Spool-packaging of shape memory alloy actuators: Performance model and experimental validation." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 23, no. 2 (2012): 201–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x11431742.

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Shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators in the wire form are attractive because of their simplistic architecture and electrical operation, and their manufacturability at high yields and low cost. While SMA actuators are known for their superior work density among smart materials, packaging long lengths of SMA wire needed for moderate to large motions is an ongoing technical challenge. This article investigates spooling as a packaging approach to provide more compact actuator footprints. An analytical, quasi-static model is derived to provide a foundational tool for the analysis and synthesis of spo

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Awang Saifudin, Awang Raisudin, and Nurul Musfirah Mazlan. "Computational Exploration of a Two-Spool High Bypass Turbofan Engine's Component Deterioration Effects on Engine Performance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 629 (October 2014): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.629.104.

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Aircraft engines are exposed to degradation due to several factors such as environmental air pollution, fuel content and ageing or degradation of engine’s components, which are experienced within specified time. While the turbofan in operation, its components deteriorate and consequently affect its performance. This study is aimed to computationally investigate the effect of components degradation on engine performance. A high bypass turbofan engine operated at cruise is selected for this evaluation and the simulation was performed using the Gas Turbine Simulation Program (GSP). The affected c

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Tue-Fee, Kin K., and Arno J. Keinonen. "Full-Scale Maneuvering Tests in Level Ice of Canmar Kigoriak and Robert LeMeur." Marine Technology and SNAME News 23, no. 02 (1986): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1986.23.2.131.

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This paper gives an overview of the extensive full-scale maneuvering tests carried out during the period of September 1979 to July 1980 and May to June 1981 on the icebreaker Canmar Kigoriak and during November to December 1982 and June 1983 on the Robert LeMeur. The icebreakers with spoon-shaped bow and reamers perform well, with the Robert LeMeur rivalling and Kigoriak surpassing the performance of conventional Canadian icebreakers of comparable size and power. The effects of heel on the turning performance of the ships were tested and are discussed. Due to the proprietary nature of the full

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DIJKSTRA, TON, BÉRYL HILBERINK-SCHULPEN, and WALTER J. B. VAN HEUVEN. "Repetition and masked form priming within and between languages using word and nonword neighbors." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 13, no. 3 (2010): 341–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728909990575.

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If access to the bilingual lexicon takes place in a language independent way, monolingual repetition and masked form priming accounts should be directly applicable to bilinguals. We tested such an account (Grainger and Jacobs, 1999) and extended it to explain bilingual effects from L2 to L1. Dutch–English bilinguals made a lexical decision on a Dutch target word preceded by a briefly presented word or nonword prime from Dutch (L1; Exp. 1) or English (L2; Exp. 2). The prime was an orthographically related neighbor of the target (e.g., zwaar–ZWAAN or spoon–SPION) or unrelated (e.g., thuis–ZWAAN

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Saarti, Jarmo. "Feeding with the spoon, or the effects of shelf classification of fiction on the loaning of fiction." Information Services & Use 17, no. 2-3 (1997): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/isu-1997-172-312.

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Lobo, Bianca, Fernando Schnaid, Marcelo Rocha, and John Howie. "Shear strength of granular soils from the simulation of dynamic penetration tests." Journal of Geo-Engineering Sciences 2, no. 3,4 (2015): 143–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jgs-140028.

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Abstract This paper presents a model for the numerical simulation of dynamic penetration tests in cohesionless soils. In the model, dynamic penetration equations are solved by finite difference analysis in the time domain to produce the discretization of the penetration system. The approach allows essential effects of the soil influence to be accounted for, including the dynamic soil resistance by viscous damping during penetration. The model performance has proved by comparisons between the static and dynamic resistance to reproduce the variation with time of measured force, velocity, displac

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Basavaraj, Hubballi, and Sondur Vilas. "Theoretical analysis of steady state operating forces in control valves." MATEC Web of Conferences 144 (2018): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814401002.

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The controlling components, such as valves are used to regulate controlled fluid power. It is not always possible to calculate valve forces accurately, and with some types of valves even the existence of certain types of forces cannot be predicted with certainty. In many cases, however, the analysis can be made fairly completely and accurately. The assumption of steady state conditions is valid for the valve alone, but transient effects in the rest of the system may be large. These effects are particularly important with regard to the instability of valves, where the system may react on the va

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MacLeod, J. D., V. Taylor, and J. C. G. Laflamme. "Implanted Component Faults and Their Effects on Gas Turbine Engine Performance." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 114, no. 2 (1992): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906567.

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Under the sponsorship of the Canadian Department of National Defence, the Engine Laboratory of the National Research Council of Canada (NRCC) has established a program for the evaluation of component deterioration on gas turbine engine performance. The effect is aimed at investigating the effects of typical in-service faults on the performance characteristics of each individual engine component. The objective of the program is the development of a generalized fault library, which will be used with fault identification techniques in the field, to reduce unscheduled maintenance. To evaluate the

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