Academic literature on the topic 'Spore yield'
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Journal articles on the topic "Spore yield"
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Damilola, O. Seyi-Amole, and A. Onilude Abiodun. "Influence of carbon and nitrogen sources on the spore yield of Trichoderma harzianum in fed-batch culture." International journal of Microbiology and Mycology (IJMM) 7, no. 1 (2018): 18–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8398525.
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The influence of carbon and nitrogen sources on the spore yield of <em>T. harzianum </em>in fed-batch culture was investigated. <em>T. harzianum</em> was cultivated in liquid culture media under the effect of different carbon and nitrogen sources at different concentration using a fed-batch process. It was observed that among the various carbon sources studied, glucose (2.5 g l<sup>-1</sup>) gave the highest spore yield of 2.81±0.14 while starch (15.0 g l<sup>-1</sup>) gave the lowest spore yield (0.22±0.17). The effect of nitrogen sources revealed that 1.0 g l<sup>-1</sup> of casein enhanced the highest spore yield (2.88±0.02) while the lowest spore yield (0.23±0.02) was recorded in medium containing soy meal (9.0 g l<sup>-1</sup>) preparation. The results revealed that <em>T. harzianum </em>has the ability to utilize various carbon and nitrogen compounds and produce high spore yield at low carbon and nitrogen concentration. This can be considered during industrial production of <em>T. </em><em>harzianum</em> spores for biocontrol. Published by the <strong>International journal of Microbiology and Mycology (IJMM)</strong>
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HAMPSON, M. CHISNALL, and ALEXANDER ROBERTSON. "Distribution of Fungal Spores and Fractal Diversity of Quadrats on Membrane Filters†." Journal of Food Protection 58, no. 9 (1995): 1038–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-58.9.1038.
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In standard practice, estimations of populations of fungal spores on gridded membrane filter discs are made from spore loads in arbitrarily selected groups or rows of grids (quadrats). We used the resting spores of Synchytrium endobioticum to examine actual/expected spore ratio. The ratios showed unacceptable divergences, and are characterized by an aggregated spore distribution. The fractal diversity index of the quadrats is inversely related the loga of the population numbers. The analysis gives values for the appropriate spore number per quadrat and the quadrat pattern to yield the best actual/expected ratio.
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Tu, Zhiwei, Wishwas R. Abhyankar, Bhagyashree N. Swarge, et al. "Artificial Sporulation Induction (ASI) by kinA Overexpression Affects the Proteomes and Properties of Bacillus subtilis Spores." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 12 (2020): 4315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124315.
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To facilitate more accurate spore proteomic analysis, the current study focuses on inducing homogeneous sporulation by overexpressing kinA and assesses the effect of synchronized sporulation initiation on spore resistance, structures, the germination behavior at single-spore level and the proteome. The results indicate that, in our set up, the sporulation by overexpressing kinA can generate a spore yield of 70% within 8 h. The procedure increases spore wet heat resistance and thickness of the spore coat and cortex layers, whilst delaying the time to spore phase-darkening and burst after addition of germinant. The proteome analysis reveals that the upregulated proteins in the kinA induced spores, compared to spores without kinA induction, as well as the ‘wildtype’ spores, are mostly involved in spore formation. The downregulated proteins mostly belong to the categories of coping with stress, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, as well as the regulation of sporulation. Thus, while kinA overexpression enhances synchronicity in sporulation initiation, it also has profound effects on the central equilibrium of spore formation and spore germination, through modulation of the spore molecular composition and stress resistance physiology.
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Nirosha, A., S. Rajeshkanna, and G. Mikunthan. "Effect of oil cakes and garlic aqueousbased formulations of trichoderma viride on management of meloidogyne incognita in chilli." Open Agriculture 3, no. 1 (2018): 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2018-0022.
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Abstract Root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) is a major threat to chilli (Capsicum annum) cultivation, by forming root galls and subsequent wilting. These nematodes live in soil, roots debris and reported surviving in other Solanaceae crops. Chemical application of nematicides cause impact on environment, therefore biocontrol using antagonistic fungi is desired to tackle this problem. This research is aimed to evaluate the effect of Trichoderma viride and its formulations on management of M. incognita. Oil cakes such as neem (Azadiracta indica), gingelly (Sesamum indicum), Mahua (Madhuca longifolia) and garlic (Allium sativum) extracts were used to evaluate the growth and sporulation of T. viride. Chilli variety MI-2 was used. Among the four preparations, neem oil cake recorded high spore yield of 1.75 ×107 spores/ml. Similarly gingelly oil cake and garlic produced the spore yields of 1.57 ×107 spores/ml and 1.368 ×107 spores/ml, respectively. Comparatively Mahua oil cake obtained low spore yield of 7.87×106 spores/ml. Plant growth was significant (P<0.05) in the application of neem oil cake formulation (30.42 cm). Extent of galling was significantly low with garlic (9.00) and neem (9.25). These results confirmed that the formulations of neem, gingelly oil cake extracts and garlic aqueous extract stimulated the chilli plant growth, productivity and reduced the nematode infestation. Above all, neem oil cake and garlic are the best formulations that can be used to manage M. incognita
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Tang, Chuanhong, Yi Tan, Jingsong Zhang, Shuai Zhou, Yoichi Honda, and Henan Zhang. "A Novel Strain Breeding of Ganoderma lucidum UV119 (Agaricomycetes) with High Spores Yield and Strong Resistant Ability to Other Microbes’ Invasions." Foods 12, no. 3 (2023): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12030465.
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The spore powder of Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) has been proven to have a variety of pharmacological activities, and it has become a new resource for the development of health products and pharmaceuticals. However, the scarcity of natural resources, strict growth conditions and difficulty in controlling the stable yield, and quality of different culture batches seriously limit the development and utilization of G. lucidum spore powder. In the present study, the strain with the highest spore powder yield, G0109, was selected as the original strain to generate mutants of G. lucidum using ultraviolet ray irradiation. A total of 165 mutagenic strains were obtained, and fifty-five strains were chosen for the cultivation test. Importantly, one mutagenic strain with high spore powder yield and strong resistance to undesired microorganisms was acquired and named strain UV119. More cultivations demonstrated that the fruiting body and basidiospore yields from UV119 were, respectively, 8.67% and 19.27% higher than those of the parent (G0109), and the basidiospore yield was 20.56% higher than that of the current main cultivar “Longzhi No.1”. In conclusion, this study suggested that ultraviolet ray irradiation is an efficient and practical method for Ganoderma strain improvement and thus provided a basis for the development and application of G. lucidum spore production and outstanding contributions to the rapid development of the G. lucidum industry.
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Bekil, Semih, Aycan Tosunoglu, and Prof dr Adem Bıçakçı. "The Annual Variation of Allergenic Cladosporium and Alternaria Spores in the Atmosphere of Büyükorhan (Bursa), Turkey; Effects of Meteorological Factors." Journal of Fungus 12, no. 2 (2021): 122–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30708/mantar.942793.
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Fungal spores are important bio-allergens frequently encountered in the atmosphere. Cladosporium Link and Alternaria Nees spores are generally recorded as dominant in many atmospheric fungal spore studies and have high allergic effects on susceptible individuals. The species belonging to these two genera may live as pathogens on the plants and cause low yield. This study was carried out between January 2012 to December 2013. Durham sampler, which is the device of the gravimetric method, was used in the research. A total of 10817 spores were recorded in the Büyükorhan (Bursa) atmosphere during the consecutive years. 4119 spores belonged to the first year and 6698 to the second year. The total numbers of Cladosporium spores were observed much higher than the total numbers of Alternaria spores in both years. This study aims to determine the variation of atmospheric spores in these two genera during the two years by comparing them with meteorological factors. For both spore types, the maximum spore numbers were found between the June-August term. Summer months revealed a risky period in terms of atmospheric fungal spore allergy for sensitive individuals.
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Rai, I. N., I. M. Sudana, I. W. Wiraatmaja, N. K. A. Astiari, and G. Wijana. "Test the viability and effectiveness of the AMF biofertilizer prototypes using different spore carrier media on production of organic cocoa." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1208, no. 1 (2023): 012047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1208/1/012047.
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Abstract Increasing consumer demand for healthy food products has an impact on increasing demand for organic cocoa, but it is difficult for farmers to fulfil it because the production per hectare is still very low. Development of indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) as biological fertilizers is expected to relieve farmers’ difficulties. This study aimed to find the best AMF biofertilizer prototype that can increase organic cocoa production while increasing soil fertility. The research was conducted through 2 stages. Stage 1 made prototypes of biological fertilizers from 7 indigenous AMF species isolated from cocoa roots using different spore carrier media and then tested the spore viability during storage, and stage 2 selected 2 of the best AMF biofertilizer prototypes to test their effectiveness on organic cocoa plantations. The results showed the AMF biofertilizer prototype with spore’s carrier media volcanic sand and zeolite gave the viability of spores remained high after being stored for 1 month, reaching 91.78% and 90.67%. The effectiveness test on organic cocoa plantations showed that the AMF biofertilizer prototype with different spore-carrying media had no significant effect on the yield and yield components of organic cocoa beans, but AMF biofertilizer prototype with volcanic sand spore-carrying media tended to increase the yield and improves soil fertility. It was concluded that the AMF biofertilizer prototype with volcanic sand spore carrier media was the best prototype, but it is necessary to carry out tests at several locations to determine the consistency of the effect.
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Tursynbayev, Nurtas, Nurlan Akhmetsadykov, Yerkin Krykbayev, and Damir Khussainov. "EFFECT OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN LEVEL ON B. SUBTILIS SPORE CULTIVATION DURING SUBMERGED FERMENTATION IN BIOREACTOR." 3i intellect idea innovation - интеллект идея инновация 3 (2024): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.52269/22266070_2024_3_3.
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This paper presents research findings on the impact of dissolved oxygen levels on the spore formation of B. subtilis during submerged cultivation in a bioreactor. The experiments analyzed both static and dynamic oxygen levels. The study revealed that oxygenation changes significantly affect the kinetics and yield of B. subtilis spores. When static DO values ranged from 0% to 50%, the process proved economically inefficient, with either non-viable bacteria at the end of the cycle or a spore yield that was not cost-effective. Conversely, DO levels from 50% to 0% resulted in rapid spore formation, followed by a shift from sporulation form back to vegetative form. The research identified the optimal dissolved oxygen range for cultivation as a dynamic cycle between 0% and 50%, where sporulation occurred after 36 hours, with spores comprising 95% of the total bacterial mass. This study broadens our understanding of biotechnological growth factors in bioreactor systems. Microbiological and biotechnological methods were used for submerged cultivation in bioreactors, along with physicochemical monitoring of dissolved oxygen. The practical relevance of this study lies in its potential application in controlling the cultivation of this microorganism for industrial biotechnological processes.
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Laho, Maroš, Mária Šedivá, Juraj Majtán, and Jaroslav Klaudiny. "Fructose and Trehalose Selectively Enhance In Vitro Sporulation of Paenibacillus larvae ERIC I and ERIC II Strains." Microorganisms 9, no. 2 (2021): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020225.
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Paenibacillus larvae is a Gram-positive bacterium, the spores of which are the causative agent of the most destructive brood disease of honeybees, American foulbrood (AFB). Obtaining viable spores of pathogen strains is requisite for different studies concerning AFB. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of five saccharides that may naturally occur in higher amounts in bee larvae on in vitro sporulation of P. larvae. The effect of individual saccharides at different concentrations on spore yields of P. larvae strains of epidemiologically important ERIC genotypes was examined in Columbia sheep blood agar (CSA) and MYPGP agar media. It was found that fructose in ERIC I and trehalose in ERIC II strains at concentrations in the range of 0.5–2% represent new sporulation factors that significantly enhanced the yields of viable spores in both media, mostly in a concentration-dependent manner. The enhancements in spore yield were mainly caused by improvements of the germination ability of the spores produced. Glucose, maltose and sucrose at 1% or 0.5% concentrations also supported sporulation but to a lower extent and not in all strains and media. Based on the knowledge gained, a novel procedure was proposed for the preparation of viable P. larvae spores with supposed improved quality for AFB research.
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Ortatatli, Mesut, Levent Kenar, Sermet Sezigen, Koray Eyison, and Huseyin Oktem. "Molecular detection of Bacillus anthracis: evaluation of the efficiency of DNA extraction and a novel dry PCR." Turkish Journal of Biochemistry 44, no. 2 (2019): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tjb-2018-0292.
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Abstract Background Due to recent increase in mailings of anthrax spores, the detection of bioweapons has gained a great deal of interest. This study aimed to investigate the yield and purity of DNA obtained from spores and vegetative forms of Bacillus anthracis for detection by conventional (wet) and dry (lyophilized) PCR methods. Materials and methods Biosamples from stock solution were reconstituted to a concentration 108 cfu/mL followed by the spectrophotometric measurement of the yield and purity of acquired DNA. Twelve wet and 12 dry PCR studies of four various DNA dilution samples were performed for each three target gene (cap, pag, sap) of B. anthracis. Results Significant differences for both DNA yields and purity were found between liquid-agar and liquid-spore samples. No significant difference was observed between wet and dry PCR in concentration of 2.5 ng/μL DNA for all gene regions. PCR results of sap gene region with DNA concentrations of 1.5 ng/μL and 0.9 ng/μL was found statistically significant in favor of conventional wet PCR method (p = 0.047 and p ≤ 0.001, respectively). Conclusion It is concluded that B. anthracis cultivated in liquid medium is more usable than vegetative or spore form obtained on plate agar for proper DNA extraction.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spore yield"
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Šedý, Petr. "Investiční činnost na asijském trhu se sportovními událostmi." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-150027.
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This thesis was written in order to introduce relatively unknown investment activity. It shows basic principles of value betting and investment technique called "Asian handicap" which is used by the most of successful investors. These activities take place on Asian markets, that is why I describe processes and rules which are used there. The reader will be shown how professional analyst calculates his own fair odds. This is very important for his decision-making about investments. The practical part of the thesis covers activities of analysts during short (one week) and long (one year) period. Everything was registered, commented and put into context with theoretical facts. Results were evaluated too. This thesis offers different view on the activity which changed from pure gamble into new investment option.
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Souza, Giordano Melges de. "Atleta profissional militar: análise em face da legislação brasileira." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20889.
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Previous issue date: 2018-02-23<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>The present research aims to study the military professional athlete and their
effectiveness befor the nacional legal system, in particular Law 9.615/98, commonly
known as Pelé Law, and High Yield Athlete Program, related to the agreement between
Defense and Sports Ministries. The Law 9.615/98 is a protective law for Brazilian
athletes, so then, it presents articles that in the practical world are ineffective, such as
the case of article 44, subsection II. Such inefficiency is due to the existence of the High
Yield Athlete Program, which deals with an agreement between the Defense Ministry
and the Sport Ministry, where high-level athletes are supported by the Armed Forces.
However, this support brings with it a contradiction with the law 9.615/98, evidencing
the ineffectiveness of its article 44, item II, observed that the non-existence of a criminal
law regarding the noncompliance of this article corroborates the norm’s innocuousness<br>O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estudar o Atleta Profissional Militar e a sua
efetividade perante o ordenamento jurídico nacional, em especial a Lei 9.615/98, vulgo
Lei Pelé, e o Programa Atleta de Alto Rendimento, referente ao convênio do Ministério
da Defesa e ao Ministério do Esporte. A Lei 9.615/98, por se tratar de lei protetiva dos
atletas brasileiros, apresenta artigos que no mundo prático são ineficazes, como o caso
do artigo 44, inciso II. Tal ineficácia se dá pela existência do Programa Atleta de Alto
Rendimento, que versa sobre um convênio do Ministério da Defesa com o Ministério do
Esporte, onde atletas de alto rendimento são apoiados e suportados pelas Forças
Armadas. Entretanto, esse suporte dado pelas Forças Armadas traz consigo uma
contradição frente à Lei 9.615/98, evidenciando a ineficácia que artigo 44, inciso II
demonstra no seu texto, observado que a inexistência de norma penal quanto ao
descumprimento deste artigo corrobora a inocuidade da norma
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Lai, Kuan-Yu, and 賴冠宇. "Yield and Timing Constrained Spare TSV Assignment for Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuits." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98989180125498030678.
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碩士<br>國立清華大學<br>資訊工程學系<br>102<br>In three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs), Through Silicon Via (TSV) is a critical enabling technique to provide vertical connections. However, it may suffer from many reliability issues such as undercut, misalignment or random open defects. Various fault-tolerance mechanisms have been proposed in literature to improve yield, at the cost of significant area overhead. In this paper, we focus on the structure that uses one spare TSV for a group of original TSVs, and study the optimal assignment of spare TSVs under yield and timing constraints to minimize the total area overhead. We show that such problem can be modeled as constrained graph decomposition problem, and prove its NP-hardness. Two efficient heuristics are further developed to address this problem. Experimental results show that under the same yield and timing constraints, our heuristic can reduce the area overhead induced by the fault-tolerance mechanisms by up to 62%, compared with a seemingly more intuitive nearest-neighbor based heuristic.
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Badura, Felix. "Increasing the efficiency of multi-hub airline networks by means of flexible time-range tickets - An analysis of passenger acceptance, revenue potentials and implications on network design." Thesis, 2011. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3198/1/Increasing_the_efficiency_of_multi%2Dhub_airline_networks_by_means_of_flexible_time%2Drange_tickets_Epub_Felix_Badura_Dissertation.pdf.
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After the complete liberalization of the airline industry during the 1990s the industry has faced a rapid growth in passenger numbers. This has mainly been caused by the emergence of so-called Low Cost Carrier (LCC) that offer a simplified product (i.e. point-to-point flights without any frills) at a lower cost than traditional Network Carriers. Furthermore LCC also introduced a less differentiated pricing structure (Restriction Free Pricing) which forced competing network carriers to reduce the degree of price discrimination which they were able to practice until then in order to defend their market shares. This has led to a decrease of average yields, which resulted in difficulties for (smaller) Network Carriers to cover their fixed costs, related to the operation of a hub & spoke network. In this environment network airlines are looking for new revenue sources as well as further sources of cost reduction. This development has amplified the consolidation trend of the airline industry and led to the emergence of several multi-hub networks (e.g. Lufthansa runs hub-operation in Frankfurt, Munich, Zurich and Vienna).
One way to leverage the fact that multi-hub networks allow several routings for one origin-destination city pair would be the introduction of flexible tickets, where the actual routing of the passenger is not defined at the moment of purchase but only a certain time prior to departure. This allows airlines to raise the load factor on their network by increasing the degree of overbooking which they currently practice by pooling the risk that more passengers arrive than there is capacity among several flights. Furthermore these tickets might allow network carriers to compete in the low-cost-airline segment without having to further reduce the price level of their regular product (with specified routing).
The present dissertation examined possible designs of such a ticket and their impact on the acceptance by passengers by means of a choice based conjoint study among 356 travelers. The findings suggest that while 77.5% of leisure travelers are willing to accept flexible time-range tickets in their relevant set, only 56% of business travelers are considering using this kind of ticket. More particular the results also showed that business travelers are not willing to compromise on travel duration and departure times, and are subsequently willing to pay a premium for specified tickets. A market share simulation showed that depending on the selected product layout flexible time-range tickets are able to gain up to 60% market share when offered at a discount of up to 33% relative to traditional tickets. When it comes to the actual layout, the largest lever to increase the acceptance is to exclude connection flights from the potential set of flights.
The results contribute to the young research area on flexible products by assessing the disutility which is experienced by customers with regard to particular product characteristics of flexible products. Furthermore the results aim at providing airline managers with a comprehensive overview of the possibilities which flexible time-range tickets bring along when it comes to increasing the load factor and thereby the revenues in a multi-hub network. (author's abstract)
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Balz, Torsten. "Ramularia collo-cygni an Gerste." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-AB30-0.
Full textBooks on the topic "Spore yield"
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Gleń-Karolczyk, Katarzyna. Zabiegi ochronne kształtujące plonowanie zdrowotność oraz różnorodność mikroorganizmów związanych z czernieniem pierścieniowym korzeni chrzanu (Atmoracia rusticana Gaertn.). Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-39-7.
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Horseradish roots, due to the content of many valuable nutrients and substances with healing and pro-health properties, are used more and more in medicine, food industry and cosmetics. In Poland, the cultivation of horseradish is considered minor crops. In addition, its limited size causes horseradish producers to encounter a number of unresolved agrotechnical problems. Infectious diseases developing on the leaves and roots during the long growing season reduce the size and quality of root crops. The small range of protection products intended for use in the cultivation of horseradish generates further serious environmental problems (immunization of pathogens, low effectiveness, deterioration of the quality of raw materials intended for industry, destruction of beneficial organisms and biodiversity). In order to meet the problems encountered by horseradish producers and taking into account the lack of data on: yielding, occurrence of infectious diseases and the possibility of combating them with methods alternative to chemical ones in the years 2012–2015, rigorous experiments have been carried out. The paper compares the impact of chemical protection and its reduced variants with biological protection on: total yield of horseradish roots and its structure. The intensification of infectious diseases on horseradish leaves and roots was analyzed extensively. Correlations were examined between individual disease entities and total yield and separated root fractions. A very important and innovative part of the work was to learn about the microbial communities involved in the epidemiology of Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. The effect was examined of treatment of horseradish cuttings with a biological preparation (Pythium oligandrum), a chemical preparation (thiophanate-methyl), and the Kelpak SL biostimulator (auxins and cytokinins from the Ecklonia maxima algae) on the quantitative and qualitative changes occurring in the communities of these microorganisms. The affiliation of species to groups of frequencies was arranged hierarchically, and the biodiversity of these communities was expressed by the following indicators: Simpson index, Shannon–Wiener index, Shannon evenness index and species richness index. Correlations were assessed between the number of communities, indicators of their biodiversity and intensification of Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. It was shown that the total yield of horseradish roots was on average 126 dt · ha–1. Within its structure, the main root was 56%, whereas the fraction of lateral roots (cuttings) with a length of more than 20 cm accounted for 26%, and those shorter than 20 cm for 12%, with unprofitable yield (waste) of 6%. In the years with higher humidity, the total root yield was higher than in the dry seasons by around 51 dt · ha–1 on average. On the other hand, the applied protection treatments significantly increased the total yield of horseradish roots from 4,6 to 45,3 dt · ha–1 and the share of fractions of more than 30 cm therein. Higher yielding effects were obtained in variants with a reduced amount of foliar application of fungicides at the expense of introducing biopreparations and biostimulators (R1, R2, R3) and in chemical protection (Ch) than in biological protection (B1, B2) and with the limitation of treatments only to the treatment of cuttings. The largest increments can be expected after treating the seedlings with Topsin M 500 SC and spraying the leaves: 1 × Amistar Opti 480 SC, 1 × Polyversum WP, 1 × Timorex Gold 24 EC and three times with biostimulators (2 × Kelpak SL + 1 × Tytanit). In the perspective of the increasing water deficit, among the biological protection methods, the (B2) variant with the treatment of seedlings with auxins and cytokinins contained in the E. maxima algae extract is more recommended than (B1) involving the use of P. oligandrum spores. White rust was the biggest threat on horseradish plantations, whereas the following occurred to a lesser extent: Phoma leaf spot, Cylindrosporium disease, Alternaria black spot and Verticillium wilt. In turn, on the surface of the roots it was dry root rot and inside – Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. The best health of the leaves and roots was ensured by full chemical protection (cuttings treatment + 6 foliar applications). A similar effect of protection against Albugo candida and Pyrenopeziza brassicae was achieved in the case of reduced chemical protection to one foliar treatment with synthetic fungicide, two treatments with biological preparations (Polyversum WP and Timorex Gold 24 EC) and three treatments with biostimulators (2 × Kelpak SL, 1 × Tytanit). On the other hand, the level of limitation of root diseases comparable with chemical protection was ensured by its reduced variants R3 and R2, and in the case of dry root rot, also both variants of biological protection. In the dry years, over 60% of the roots showed symptoms of Verticillium wilt, and its main culprits are Verticillium dahliae (37.4%), Globisporangium irregulare (7.2%), Ilyonectria destructans (7.0%), Fusarium acuminatum (6.7%), Rhizoctonia solani (6.0%), Epicoccum nigrum (5.4%), Alternaria brassicae (5.17%). The Kelpak SL biostimulator and the Polyversum WP biological preparation contributed to the increased biodiversity of microbial communities associated with Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. In turn, along with its increase, the intensification of the disease symptoms decreased. There was a significant correlation between the richness of species in the communities of microbial isolates and the intensification of Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. Each additional species of microorganism contributed to the reduction of disease intensification by 1,19%.
Book chapters on the topic "Spore yield"
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Penna, Thereza Christina Vessoni, Irene A. Machoshvili, and Marina Ishii. "Effect of Media on Spore Yield and Thermal Resistance of Bacillus stearothermophilus." In Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals. Humana Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0057-4_23.
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Bakshi, Suman, Johar Singh, and Sanjay J. Jambhulkar. "Isolation and characterization of yellow rust resistant mutants in wheat." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0010.
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Abstract Stripe rust, also known as yellow rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a major threat to wheat production leading to yield losses up to 84%. Due to climate change, new races of the yellow rust pathogen are appearing for which no durable source of resistance has been observed in the present high-yielding varieties. A mutation breeding programme was initiated in two popular varieties, namely PBW343 and HD2967, using gamma-ray and electron beam irradiation. Gamma-ray doses of 250, 300 and 350 Gy and electron beam doses of 150, 200 and 250 Gy were used for seed irradiation. The M<sub>2</sub> population was screened in the field from seedling to adult plant stage by spraying a mixture of urediniospores of Pst pathotypes. Disease severity was recorded as the percentage of leaf area covered by the rust pathogen following a modified Cobb's scale. A total of 52 putative yellow rust resistant mutants in HD2967 and 63 in PBW343 were isolated. The number of mutants was higher in the electron beam irradiated population compared with gamma-rays. The absence of sporulation and spore production of the rust pathogen on the mutants indicated resistance. Mutant plants showing seedling resistance also showed resistance at adult plant stage. Seed yield and its contributing characters were better in the mutants compared with the parents. These rust resistant mutants could be novel sources of stripe rust or yellow rust resistance. The plant-to-row progenies of these mutants were confirmed and characterized in the M<sub>3</sub> generation.
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Han, Youngshin, and Chilgee Lee. "RRAM Spare Allocation in Semiconductor Manufacturing for Yield Improvement." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30134-9_14.
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Han, Youngshin, Dongsik Park, and Chilgee Lee. "On the Repair of Memory Cells with Spare Rows and Columns for Yield Improvement." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30585-9_79.
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Kumar, Suresh, N. L. Meena, and Pokhar Rawal. "AN INTRODUCTION-DISEASES OF WHEAT." In Futuristic Trends in Agriculture Engineering & Food Sciences Volume 3 Book 22. Iterative International Publisher, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bcag22ch23.
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On average, about 20% of the global wheat production is lost due to diseases and pests every year. In 2021, these losses amounted to about 165 million tons, equivalent to about $35 billion. Fungal pathogens like rusts (Puccinia sp.), Septoria leaf blotch (Septoria sp.), powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis) and Fusarium species are ranked among the top ten of the most important fungal pathogens. Historical and current sources report epidemics leading to sometimes devastating yield losses in wheat caused by these pathogens. In regions with low productivity where no seed dressing is conducted, smuts and bunts are also important pathogens. Furthermore, in specific wheat-growing areas, fungal pathogens such as Pyrenophora tritici-repentis causing tan spot, Oculimacula spp. causing eye spot of wheat or Cochliobolus sativus are of importance. one option to avoid yield losses caused by these pathogens is the application of fungicides. However, the repeated use of fungicides induces a considerable selection pressure on respective pathogens resulting in fungicide resistance or tolerance, which has been detected already in B. graminis, Septoria spp. or Fusarium spp. The application of fungicides also depends to some extent on grain prices, fungicide costs and the possibility of applying these at the right time. Hence, cultivars carrying resistances are the most environment-friendly and cost-effective way of preventing yield losses in wheat. In particular, resistances against leaf rust, stripe rust, stem rust and powdery mildew infections result in complete resistance, but are at risk to be overcome by virulent isolates due to the extensive spore production of these pathogens.
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Kayim, Mukaddes, Hira Nawaz, and Abdulkreem Alsalmo. "Fungal Diseases of Wheat." In Wheat [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102661.
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Wheat is considered the first crop that is grown on earth. It is a staple food in many regions of the world. Due to the increase in the world’s population, it is very important to increase wheat production. With an estimate in 2050, almost 50% more production of wheat will be required due to the increase in population. Increased productivity of wheat is the biggest challenge for researchers. It faces several biotic (microbial diseases) and abiotic (water, temperature, and climatic change) limiting factors. But the major threat for wheat is due to a large number of fungal diseased pathogens, which causes massive and destructive loss to the crop. It includes rusts, smuts, Fusarium head blight, Septoria leaf blotch, tan spot, and powdery mildew that cause the most serious losses. It was estimated in 2019 that almost 22% yield loss of wheat was due to diseases. These percentages will increase with time due to mutation and diversity in virulent strains. This chapter includes all major and minor fungal diseases of wheat, symptom, disease cycle, spore identification, disease losses, etiology, and integrated disease management.
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Vijayalakshmi, M., Christobel R. Gloria Jemmi, G. Ramanathan, and S. Karthika. "Role of Microbes and Microbiomes in Biotic and Abiotic Stress Management in Agriculture." In The Role of Microbes and Microbiomes in Ecosystem Restoration. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2024. https://doi.org/10.2174/9789815256598124010007.
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Agriculture is our sensible recreation and the foremost food source for all animals and human beings. It gives laurels to us, but knowingly or unknowingly, agricultural systems face stress, resource quality degradation, and depletion by human activities. Abiotic stresses, such as nutrient deficiency, water logging, extreme cold, frost, heat, and drought, affect agricultural productivity. Biotic factors like insects, weeds, herbivores, pathogens, bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, algae, and other microbes limit good-quality products. Climate change leads to more complications when interpreting how plants and microbes interact to protect themselves from stress. Plants need water, carbon, and nutrients to grow. The extreme conditions mentioned restrict the growth of plants. Although plants can sense and exhibit natural mechanisms during stress conditions, increased non-sustainable agricultural practices and other human activities lead to highly stressful conditions for plant growth and yield. While in stressful situations, fungi play an essential role in energy transfer and uptake of nutrients by releasing the adverse effects of stress on plant growth. Many strategies in bacteria and fungi need to be addressed here, including stress conditions such as cysts and spore formation, cell membrane deformation, production of damage repair enzymes, and chemical synthesis to relieve stress. The mechanism of salt tolerance, symbiotic microbes, xenobiotics, and hazardous tolerance genes induces plant growth in unfavorable conditions. In recent days, technological improvements such as gene modification by genetic engineering have shown the potential to enhance the positive effects on agricultural production and products.
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Gupta, Rajni, P. L. Uniyal, and Yash Kumar. "MUSHROOM CULTIVATIONIN RELATION TO VERTICAL FARMING: A BOOMING ENTREPRENEURSHIP." In Futuristic Trends in Biotechnology Volume 3 Book 20. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bjbt20p2ch1.
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Vertical farming is the practice during which the crops are grown in a vertically stacked layers or integrated skyscraper or old warehouse etc. with use of less water and in the absence of soil. Vertical farming has many advantages viz. there is reliable crop production round the year, unaffected by adverse climate. It also minimises the use of water and uses space in a better way, provides completely organic yield, reduces transport costs,provides pesticide free cultivation, low labour cost and highly energy efficient crop.[7]There are many factors now-a-days which are demolishing the food availability and can cause a worse situation in future. The war between Russia and Ukraine may be one of thosefactors which can lead the globe to a severe food scarcity due to their high export-import value in India and other countries. Hence, it is important to go for another opportunity for food production.A large amount of agro-wastes are produced every year which is burnt by farmers and deteriorate the air quality and soil quality as well. Instead, we can use that as a substrate for creating compost for mushroom cultivation. For mushroom cultivation, vertical stands are required that solve the problem of lessavailability of land area. In small areas withless amount of water, mushrooms can easily be grown and canhelp in the economic growth of the country. In some states of country, due to flood, nutrient of the soil sweeps away and thus crops cannot be grown there. In those areas, cultivation of mushrooms can be agood alternative to get earnings.Mushrooms are the fruiting bodies of some members of a lower group of plants called fungi. The fungi are characterized by the absence of chlorophyll and undifferentiated bodies except the spore bearing structures. Man started agriculture 10,000 years ago.The Chinese were reportedly the first to artificially cultivate tropical and sub-tropical mushrooms around thousands of years back but commercial production started in Europe with button mushrooms in caves during 16th and 17th centuries. Now, mushroom cultivation has spread all over the world. In India,mushrooms are being cultivated in every State. Government and Central government have launched many schemes to support farmers and youth to start with cultivation of mushrooms. Awareness programmes have been launched to make people aware about the nutritive and Entrepreneurship values of mushrooms. Through Mushroom cultivation, young generation and women can also set up small scale industry and start-ups and it is a growing era of start-ups in the field of mushroom cultivation and vertical farming [9][10][11][12].
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Bialystok, Lauren, and Mark Kingwell. "The Fragility of Fairness." In Games, Sports, and Play. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198798354.003.0009.
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Proponents and critics alike tend to adjudicate the ethics of sex segregation against the criterion of fairness. In general, fairness supports sex segregation so that women athletes can excel, but there is not yet consensus on who counts as a “woman.” Recent philosophical debates about sex segregation have unfolded as attempts to maximize the fairness of sports policies in light of concerns about biological categorization and social discrimination. We argue that fairness, while an important ideal, is an incomplete framework for organizing competitors and defers vexing questions about gender and justice. This is because, first, fairness can yield contradictory intuitions about the justice of sex-segregated competition; second, it can be overruled by more important values external to sport; third, it threatens to drain sport of its non-competitive virtues; and finally, it effectively masks unjust reasons for grouping athletes in particular ways.
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Hudson, Dr Simon, and Louise Hudson. "The Role of Events for Winter Sport Tourism." In Winter Sport Tourism. Goodfellow Publishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.23912/978-1-910158-39-5-2748.
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Events play a significant role in today’s society, and for tourism destinations they are important due to their tourist, social and cultural functions (Getz, 2007), as well as their role in local and regional development (Wood, 2005). First and foremost, events are a great anchor for attracting tourism, providing tourists with a prime opportunity to get to know the local culture and experience the essence of the place. During an event, visitors have a unique chance to interact with the local community, gaining a deeper experience of the ambience, customs and local culture. Events can also help in improving a place’s image, creating a window for positive media coverage. Finally, for the residents themselves, events are a unique occasion to celebrate the local culture and interact within the community – you can see examples of this in the opening Spotlight above. According to Jackson (2013), three industries in particular are shaping the growth of the events sector (see Figure 9.1). Firstly, the hospitality industry - be it hotels, restaurants or venues - has viewed events as a way of encouraging new clientele or increasing the yield of existing customers. This is the case for the World Ski and Snowboard Festival held in Whistler, Canada every April in order to increase occupancy rates at the end of the winter season. Hotel rooms are fully booked during the event, which spans two weekends in order to maximize occupancy rates.
Conference papers on the topic "Spore yield"
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Chen, Yu-Guang, Kuan-Yu Lai, Ming-Chao Lee, Yiyu Shi, Wing-Kai Hon, and Shih-Chieh Chang. "Yield and timing constrained spare TSV assignment for three-dimensional integrated circuits." In Design Automation and Test in Europe. IEEE Conference Publications, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.7873/date.2014.118.
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Chen, Yu-Guang, Kuan-Yu Lai, Ming-Chao Lee, Yiyu Shi, Wing-Kai Hon, and Shih-Chieh Chang. "Yield and timing constrained spare TSV assignment for three-dimensional integrated circuits." In Design Automation and Test in Europe. IEEE Conference Publications, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.7873/date2014.118.
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Park, Soowang, and Sandeep K. Gupta. "Cache Design for Yield-per-Area Maximization: Switchable Spare Columns with Disabling (SSC-Disable)." In 2019 IEEE 37th VLSI Test Symposium (VTS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vts.2019.8758652.
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Seaver, Mark, J. F. Pinto, and J. D. Eversole. "Fluorescence Spectroscopy of B. subtilis (globigi) and E. coli in Solution." In Biomedical Optical Spectroscopy and Diagnostics. Optica Publishing Group, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/bosd.1996.ca3.
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We use tunable excitation from a Cr:LiSAF laser at 225 nm and 270-300 nm to excite emission from B. subtilis (globigii) spores (BG) and E. coli vegetative cells suspended in water. We report the dispersed fluorescence between 250 and 660 nm for both species. The 3400 cm−1 Raman shift from water provides intrinsic calibration which allows the determination of absolute fluorescence yields. Photobleaching of BG spores at 225, 275 and 300 nm shows an increase at shorter wavelengths. Reproducible spectra can only be obtained at laser powers below 5 mJ cm−2pulse−1.
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Andriiciuc, Tatiana, and Alla Skoreiko. "Biofungicides compositions for sunflower protection." In Scientific International Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Perspectives". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/ppap2023.16.
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The results of following biofungicides usage on sunflower against Alternaria blight, Embellisia blight, phomosis, phomopsis in Western Region of Ukraine proposed in present paper. Among them were MicoHelp – liquid (fungi genus Trichoderma, bacterium Bacillus subtilis, Azotobacter, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, titer not less than 1,0×109 CFU/cm3), (1,0l/t); Gliocladyn BT- liquid (Gliocladium virens, titer – 1,5·109 CFU/cm3), (2,0 l/t); Trichopsin BT-liquid(fungi spores Trichoderma viride Т-4 and bacterium Pseudomonas aureofaciens 306;titer not less 2,0х1010 CFU/cm3), (2,5l/t) separately or in combination with plant growing regulator Agrostimulin (25 ml/t).The researches results showed that the used preparations favored the plant disease defeating and increase yield crop on 11,2 – 16,1%.
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PIMOKHOVA, Lyudmila, Zhanna TSARAPNEVA, and Nina Kharaborkina. "EFFECTIVENESS OF DRESSER TANK MIXTURE FOR LUPIN CROPS PROTECTION AGAINST PATHOGEN COMPLEX." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2020-24-72-106-112.
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Annually lupin sowing material is infected by spores and mycelium of many economic important fungi which located both on the surface and inside of seeds. It’s necessary to use combined, complex or mixed dressers with wide spectrum of antifungal action to control it. Under field conditions it was revealed that the tank dresser’s mixture of Vitaros + Syncler (2.0 + 0.5 l/ha) is more effective against many diseases’ agents in white and narrow-leafed lupin crops compared to the single Vitaros (2.0 l/ha). Pre-sowing seed treatment of these lupin species with the above mentioned tank mixture decreased plant infection by anthracnose by 3.7 and 2.1%, by Fusarium — by 8.5 and 9.4% and by rizoctoniose — by 6.4 and 7.0% respectively. Its use for seeds disinfection improves phytosanitary situation in crops; the last one allows save the yield of narrow-leafed and white lupines in 0.10 and 0.14 t/ha respectively and increase net profit per a hectare.
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Василик, М. П., Н. А. Милюкова, and А. С. Пырсиков. "IDENTIFICATION OF ALLELES OF THE I-2 GENE FOR EVALUATION OF THE INITIAL MATERIAL OF TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum) FOR RESISTANCE TO FUSARIA." In Биотехнология в растениеводстве, животноводстве и сельскохозяйственной микробиологии. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.48397/arriab.2021.21.xxi.039.
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Качество и урожайность продукции растениеводства значительно снижаются при поражении возделываемой культуры фитопатогенами. Одним из наиболее известных возбудителей болезней томата, столь полюбившегося человеку, является фузариум остроспоровый (лат. Fusarium oxysporum). Этот почвообитающий аскомицет вызывает фузариозное увядание, которое, по сути, ни что иное, как трахеомикоз. На данный момент выделяется три расы фузариоза. Фузариум обладает тремя различными типами инфекционных бесполых структур (макроконидии, микроконидии, хламидоспоры) и способен сохраняться в почве до 15 лет. Заражение происходит через корневую систему, симптомы проявляются акропетально: хлороз листа, переходящий в некроз, падение тургора. The quality and yield of crop products are significantly reduced when the cultivated crop is damaged by phytopathogens. One of the most famous causative agents of tomato diseases, so beloved by man, is the sharp-spored Fusarium (lat. Fusarium oxysporum). This soil-dwelling ascomycete causes Fusarium wilt, which, in fact, is nothing more than tracheomycosis. At the moment, there are three races of Fusarium. Fusarium has three different types of infectious asexual structures (macroconidia, microconidia, chlamydospores) and is able to persist in the soil for up to 15 years. Infection occurs through the root system, symptoms appear acropetally: leaf chlorosis, turning into necrosis, turgor drop.
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Sekot, Aleš. "Parents and their Children’s Sports." In 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology. Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-29.
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An essay is rooted in the exploration of broader complex context of the phenomenon of phys-ical motion and sportive activities in contemporary sedentary society. It is at that time the topical problem of pointed parenting styles that is freshen and enliven in the context of edu-cational support aiming to active life orientation, including regular sportive activities. The spe-cific accents and educational methods of parenting are playing crucial role in this respect at the level of authoritative, authoritarian, liberal and neglecting styles (Sekot, 2019). Parenting styles prefiguring motivation of children to regular sportive activities and responsible attitude to life. And such process is going under way of socialization factors and impacts, bringing up to date the sociological links and context of mutual relation to motivation of children and youth to sport also in the context of organizational sportive activities out of the family. Now-adays we face forming socially and culturally determined relation child – parents – trainer (coach). Like this relation yields in the context of the climate of consumerist postmodern soci-ety adoring top elite athletes. Such cultural milieu forms potential conflicts of interests of mo-tivation, experience and pointing separate participants of such „triangle“. Given situation aim our effort to the crucial topic of parental responsibility as well as to growing educational and socialization importance of trainers and coaches. During the synergic process are pervaded practical aspects of the importance of age and motivation; but parental role is in this respect utterly essential and indispensable. Parental role is growing when parents play modelling role by way of mutual sportive activities with children. Thus, as it is in the essay substantiate with relevant research pieces of information and empirical data on parental role in motivation of children to regular physical activity and sport.
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Hanna, Adeeb, Matthew Wallingford, William Johns, et al. "Comparison of Patient Outcomes in Female Patients Undergoing SLAP Repair or Biceps Tenodesis for the Treatment of SLAP Lesions." In 27th Annual Rowan-Virtua Research Day. Rowan University Libraries, 2023. https://doi.org/10.31986/issn.2689-0690_rdw.stratford_research_day.154_2023.
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Background: There is no consensus on whether SLAP repair (SR) or biceps tenodesis (BT) yields superior long-term outcomes in managing superior labrum anterior to posterior (SLAP) tears. No previous study has examined outcomes of these procedures in female patients. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes following SR and BT for SLAP tears in females. The authors hypothesized there would be no difference in outcomes between patients who underwent SR or BT. Study Design: Retrospective Cohort (level III) Methods: Female patients who underwent SR or BT for treatment of SLAP tears between 1/1/2014 and 9/1/2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients undergoing a concomitant procedure were excluded. Patients completed American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), single assessment numerical evaluation (SANE), and visual analog scale (VAS), and a custom return to activity surveys at a minimum 2 years post-operatively. Results: The study included 65 female patients; 38 (58.4%) underwent arthroscopic SR and 27 (41.5%) underwent open- or arthroscopic-BT. There was no significant difference in laterality of procedure but patients in the SR group were significantly younger (36.7±8.44 years vs. 44.4±10.4 years, P = .003). At minimum 2-year follow-up, there was no significant difference in ASES scores (SLAP: 78.3 vs BT: 80.0, P = .591), SANE scores (77.0 vs 80.1, P = .722) or VAS scores (26.4 vs 24.4, P = .530). Furthermore, rates of participation in sports prior to surgery (58.8%vs 37.0%, P = .152) and rates of return-to-sport after surgery (75.0% vs 80.0%, P = 1.000) did not significantly differ. Conclusion: Female patients undergoing surgical treatment of SLAP lesions with either SR or BT show comparable subjective outcomes and return to sport at minimum 2 years. These results are comparable to those seen in prior studies focusing on predominantly male cohorts. Further research is necessary to define precise treatment indications for this pathology in this specific female patient population.
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Devi, Pinki, Ganapathi Bhat, and Harish S. Ahuja. "To Predict Success of Postapheresis Yield and Post–Autologous Transplant Engraftment Based on Preapheresis Peripheral Blood CD34+ Cell Counts: An Indian Scenario–Based Study." In Annual Conference of Indian Society of Medical and Paediatric Oncology (ISMPO). Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1735370.
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Abstract Introduction The use of hematopoietic stem cells for autologous and allogeneic transplantation has increased in the recent past significantly, due to introduction of newer chemotherapeutic drugs, immunological techniques, and better stem cell technology. Among the bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cells, collection of the latter being more convenient to the patient and associated with faster granulocyte and platelet engraftment has been known as preferred method for mobilization. Peripheral blood stem cells can be extracted from the autologous or allogeneic donor. Mobilization of the stem cells for autologous stem cell transplant is traditionally done using growth factors alone or in combination with chemotherapy, with or without an additional mobilizing agent. A significant number of hematological malignancy patients are poor mobilizers, (i.e., they are unable to achieve the minimal target cell dose during their first round of mobilization).Therefore, a prediction for a successful stem cell mobilization ideally should be made before initiating any apheresis procedure to spare those with a low rate of success from the risks associated with apheresis procedure. Preapheresis CD34 cell count can predict postapheresis yield and hence, can help to reduce the collection sessions. Reduction of apheresis sessions decreases the discomfort, inconvenience, time, and monetary expenses. Objectives This study was aimed to analyze preapheresis and postapheresis CD34+ cell counts. Materials and Methods Patients of any age and gender with diagnosis of hematological malignancies admitted for autologous stem cell transplantation for hematological malignancies (including Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and multiple myeloma) and germ cell tumors in our institute from July 2008 to July 2016 were included in the study. The post-GCSF CBC, preapheresis CBC, CD34+ cell counts, and postapheresis CBC, CD34+ cell counts, mononuclear cell counts to predict the outcome of amount of yield. The effect on engraftment will be measured according to the defining criteria of achieving a sustained peripheral blood neutrophil count of >500 × 106/L (Wolff 2002) and a platelet count of more than >20 × 109/L (Teltschik et al. 2016) independent of platelet transfusion for at least 7 days. Collection of stem cells was done using apheresis machine (COBE SPECTRA). Complete peripheral blood counts using automated analyzers. Peripheral blood CD34 + cell counts and postapheresis CD34+ cell count using BD FACS CANTO II flow cytometer. To calculate postapheresis yield, the related CD34 count measured by flow cytometer was multiplied by the apheresis product volume and divided by the recipient’s body weight (kg). Number of CD34+ cells collected = (CD34 cell concentration in final product) × (final product volume). Results A total of 100 patients who underwent a total of 320 apheresis sessions were included in the study. There were 78 males and 22 females. We also found a significant correlation between preapheresis CD34 + cell count and postapheresis CD34 percentage on days 1, 2, and 3 of the apheresis sessions. In our study, to obtain more than 1.31 × 106 cells (median = 1.04, range: 0.15–4.70), an absolute count of pre apheresis CD34 + cells ≥14 cells would be necessary. A target of CD34 + cells ≥ 2 × 106/kg was obtained in majority of patients if a concentration of ≥25 CD34 + cells was present in postapheresis collection. Conclusion Compiling our results with the previous published data, we conclude that there is a strong correlation between preapheresis absolute CD34 + cell counts and postapheresis CD34 + cell count. Our study also suggests that the minimum absolute cell count of >10 cells/μL is required, to achieve a target of >2–5 × 106 cells for postapheresis yield.
Reports on the topic "Spore yield"
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Israel, Alvaro, and John Merrill. Production of Seed Stocks for Sustainable Tank Cultivation of the Red Edible Seaweed Porphyra. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7696527.bard.
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Porphyra species (commonly known as ‘nori’ or ‘purple laver’) are edible red seaweeds rich in proteins, vitamins and other highly valued biogenic compounds. For years Porphyra has been cultured using seeded nets extended in the open sea, and its biomass consumed primarily in the Far East. While demands for international markets have increased steadily at an average of 20% per year, supplies are on the verge and not expected to meet future demands. Alternatively, land-based cultivation of seaweed has become attractive in the mariculture industry since (1) important growth parameters can be controlled, (2) is environmentally friendly and (3) perfectly matches with integrated aquaculture leading to sustainable, high quality products. During the last few years a tank cultivation technology for Porphyra has been developed at the Israeli institution. This technology is based on indoor production of asexual spores and their subsequent growth to 1-2 mm seedlings. The seedlings are then transferred to outdoor tanks and ponds when seawater temperatures drop to 20 °C, or below, and days become shorter during winter time. However, the current technology efficiently serves only about 100 m2 of ponds during one growth season. In order to produce seedlings in sufficient amounts, it is critical to address both technical and biological aspects of seedling production, securing optimal up-scale to commercial-size cultivation farms. We hypothesize that massive production of spores is related to thalli origin, thalli age and sporulation triggers, and that seedling survival and their subsequent growth potential is determined by the seawater quality and overall indoor growth conditions imposed. A series of bio-reactors were constructed and tested in which spore release and spore growth were separately studied. The main assessment criteria for optimal viability of the seedlings will be by determining their electron transport rate using PAM fluorometry and by subsequent growth and biomass yields in outdoor ponds. Altogether the project showed (1), controlled sporulation is possible in big outdoor/growth chamber settings provided initial stock material (small frozen seedlings) is at hand, (2), contamination problems can be almost completely avoided if stock material is properly handled (clean as possible and partially dehydrated prior to freezing), (3), spore release can significantly be enhance using high nutrient levels during thawing for P. yezoensis and P. haitanensis, but not for P. rosengurttii, (4), PAM fluorometry is an efficient tool to estimate growth capacity in both seedlings and juvenile thalli. The BARD funding also served to explore other aspects of Porphyra biology and cultivation. For example, the taxonomical status of Porphyra strains used in this study was defined (see appendix), and the potential use of this seaweed in bioremediation was well substantiated. In addition, BARD funding supported a number of opportunities and activities in the Israeli lab, direct or indirectly related to the initial objectives of the project such as: additional molecular work in other seaweeds, description of at least 2 new species for the Israeli Mediterranean, and continuous support for the writing of a book on Global Change and applied aspects of seaweeds. The technology for Porphyra cultivation in land-based ponds is readily available. This study corroborated previous know-how of Porphyra growth in tanks and ponds, and yet offers important improvements regarding seedling production and their handling for successful cultivation. This study supported various other activities opening additional important issues in the biology/cultivation/use of Porphyra and other seaweeds.
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Barefoot, Susan, Benjamin Juven, Thomas Hughes, et al. Characterization of Bacteriocins Produced by Food Bioprocessing Propionobacteria. United States Department of Agriculture, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1992.7561061.bard.
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Objectives were to further characterize activity spectra of dairy propionibacteria bacteriocins, jenseniin G and propionicin PLG-1, purify them, examine the role of cell walls in resistance, examine their interactions with cytoplasmic membrane, explain producer immunity, and clone the responsible genes. Inhibitory spectra of both bacteriocins were further characterized. Propionicin was most effective in controlling Gram-positive, rather than Gram-negative organisms; it controlled growth of sensitive cells both in a culture medium and a model food system. Jenseniin inhibited yogurt cultures and may help prevent yogurt over-acidification. Both were active against botulinal spores; jenseniin was sporostatic; propionicin was sporicidal. Jenseniin was produced in broth culture, was stable to pH and temperature extremes, and was purified. Its molecular mass (3649 Da) and partial amino acid composition (74%) were determined. A blocked jenseniin N-terminus prevented sequencing. Methods to produce propionicin in liquid culture were improved, and large scale culture protocols to yield high titers were developed. Methods to detect and quantify propionicin activity were optimized and standardized. Stability of partially purified propionicin was demonstrated and an improved purification scheme was developed. Purified propionicin had a 9328-Da molecular mass, contained 99 amino acids, and was significantly hydrophobic; ten N-terminal amino acids were identified. Propionicin and Jenseniin interacted with cytoplasmic membranes; resistance of insensitive species was cell wall-related. Propionicin and jenseniin acted similarly; their mode of action appeared to differ from nisin. Spontaneous jenseniin-resistant mutants were resistant to propionicin but nisin-sensitive. The basis for producer immunity was not resolved. Although bacteriocin genes were not cloned, a jenseniin producer DNA clone bank and three possible vectors for cloning genes in propionibacteria were constructed. In addition, transposon Tn916 was conjugatively transferred to the propionicin producer from chromosomal and plasmid locations at transfer frequencies high enough to permit use of Tn916 for insertional mutagenesis or targeting genes in propionibacteria. The results provide information about the bacteriocins that further supports their usefulness as adjuncts to increase food safety and/or quality.