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Academic literature on the topic 'Sporozoaires'
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Journal articles on the topic "Sporozoaires"
Dubremetz, J. F. "Caractéristiques communes de l’invasion de la cellule-hôte par les sporozoaires." Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée 65 (1990): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/1990651023.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Sporozoaires"
Franetich, Jean-François. "Identification de facteurs de la cellule hôte impliqués dans l'infection hépatique de Plasmodium : Rôle de l'aquaporine 9." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066478.
Full textPlasmodium, transmitted to the mammal in its sporozoite form through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito, is the causative agent of malaria, the most deadly parasitic disease. To identify host cell factors required during the first stage of infection in the liver, we compared the transcriptome of permissive and refractory liver cells for the infection by the sporozoite of the human parasite, P. Falciparum. Genes whose expression is associated with human hepatocyte permissiveness were identified. Among them, we have shown that aquaporin 9 (AQP9) is required for the process of sporozoite invasion, but not for its intra-hepatocytic development. In murine models, we observed that the requirement of rodent Plasmodium sporozoites for AQP9 depends on the parasite species and the host cell used. AQP9 function appears to be involved, since phloretin, an inhibitor of the transport function of AQP9, blocks the invasion of liver cells by Plasmodium sporozoites. Finally, we observed the localization of AQP9 on the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM) of the hepatic schizonts, where it is probably internalized during or soon after the invasion step. If several red blood cell proteins have been identified on the PVM of erythrocytic parasites, AQP9 is so far the first host protein identified on the PVM of hepatic schizonts. Taken together, these results provide a new element involving a second protein of the host, after CD81, for the infection of hepatocytes by Plasmodium
Volland, Jean-Marie. "Interaction durable Strombidae-Sporozoaires et fonctionnement de l'organe hôte de la relation : la glande digestive." Antilles-Guyane, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AGUY0377.
Full textThe Queen Conch, Strombus gigas (Strombidae) is a Gastropod Mollusc particularly important in the Caribbean. In 2007, a huge number of foreigner structures have been detected in the digestive gland cells. These structures have been defined as parasites belonging to the Apicomplexa (Sporozoa) group. Thus, this thesis proposes a new research topic: the Strombidae-Sporozoan relationship. First, a structural and ultrastructural analysis of the digestive gland and its symbionts was performed on nine Gastropods species. These analyses revealed that Sporozoan are intracellular endosymbionts with a 100 % prevalence in every species analyzed. Symbionts are widely distributed and vertically transmitted. No evidences have been found suggesting that they are virulent. Accordingly, we propose that they are involved in a weakly, or not, virulent relationship such as commensalism or mutualism. Secondly, functional and structural studies of the digestive gland have been done. We have focused on functions associated to the three cell types which compose the digestive tubules of the gland: the digestive cells, the vacuolated cells and the cryptic cells. Intracellular digestion has been highlighted by cytochemistry in digestive cells. Vacuolated cells harbor symbionts and store Iipid reserves. Mineral osmoregulation and detoxification of trace elements seems to be mostly attributed to spherocristals in crypt cells
Dass, Sheena. "Caractérisation de nouvelles protéines régulant et remodelant les flux lipidiques au cours du développement intracellulaire des parasites Apicomplexan." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALV003.
Full textApicomplexan parasites are responsible for major human infectious diseases such as malaria and toxoplasmosis against which there are no efficient vaccines and rapid emergence of drug resistance. The propagation and survival of these parasites depends on complex metabolic interactions with their human host cells. Lipid synthesis is one such key pathway crucial for parasite survival, which relies on an essential combination or ‘patchwork’ of fatty acids synthesized de novo and scavenged from the host. The molecular mechanism by which parasites combine and regulate the fatty acid flux from these two sources, remains unknown. My PhD project investigated pivotal role of two families of enzymes in parasite fatty acid metabolism: Acyl coA synthetases (ACS) and Phosphatidic acid phosphatases (LIPIN).Phosphatidic acid (PA), the simplest glycerophospholipid, acts as the rate limiting central lipid molecule in this process of fatty acid homeostasis. During my PhD, I investigated the role of a Toxoplasma phosphatidic acid phosphatase called TgLIPIN, in metabolising the critical levels of PA through controlled channelling of parasite vs host derived fatty acids. Toxoplasma tachyzoites are unable to survive a knockdown of LIPIN due to severe replication defect amongst several other membrane anomalies. This cytosolic enzyme catalyses the synthesis of diacylglycerol from phosphatidic acid, a central lipid precursor and signal transducer, as confirmed by heterologous complementation and lipidomics approaches. The disruption of TgLIPIN induces loss of parasite lipid storage concomitantly with an increase of the total lipid content (fatty acids), leading to rapid parasite death by ‘lipotoxicity’. With the help of 13C glucose-based fluxometrics using GC-MS, we identified that the source of these toxic fatty acids (FA) is the host (esp C18:1) whilst the FASII activity of the parasite is reduced. Electron microscopy reveals that TgLIPIN indirectly regulates nuclear membrane morphology and also the inner membrane complex biogenesis, suggesting the importance of lipid balance during the growth of parasite. Overall, we suggest that TgLIPIN protects parasite against FA-induced toxicity allowing a normal replication cycle within its host by regulating the critical levels of phosphatidic acid.The second project during my PhD focused on the enzymatic pathway involved in the activation of fatty acids within these parasites. In eukaryotes, the activation of fatty acids to their acyl-coA thioesters is a two-step energy requiring biochemical process that involves key enzymes called Acyl-coA synthetases (ACS). Since, fatty acids are virtually involved all aspects of cellular biochemistry, their activation pathway could be an Achilles heel for the parasite survival within its host. In an attempt to the same, we have identified a novel family of 7 enzymes in Toxoplasma gondii as putative acyl-coA synthases (TgACSs). All the putative TgACSs, tagged endogenously, localize to non-overlapping sub-cellular compartments of the parasite. Using parasite genetics approaches and GC-MS based lipidomics, TgACS3 was functionally characterised. Genetic ablation of TgACS3 affected parasite replication within its host. TgACS3 depletion reduced the overall fatty acid content within the parasite phospholipids alongside a significant increase in the amount of free fatty acids, further confirming its function as an ACS
Faye, Ngor. "Microsporidies des poissons des côtes sénégalaises : faunistique, biologie, ultrastructure." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20086.
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