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Singh, Himalaya. "Spatial epidemiological investigation of sport and leisure injuries in Victoria, Australia." Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2018. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/165445.
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Sport and leisure injuries are recognised as a public health issue in Australia. Despite the many health benefits associated with sport and leisure participation, there is a risk of sustaining injury during participation. To keep Australia active, there is a critical need to prevent injury occurrence. Epidemiological investigations in sport and leisure injuries have been largely examined by grouping of sports, age groups, sex and level of play. In addition, intrinsic (person-level) factors have been considered, such as strength, flexibility or previous injury history. These factors may not be sufficient to identify injury burden or prevent an increase in injury incidences. In the broader injury literature (e.g., road traffic crashes or drowning), it is known that injuries often cluster within specific places (i.e., road intersections or bodies of water). These specific geographic locations may also relate to sport and leisure injuries (e.g., sports grounds or facilities). Similarly, population-level factors such as socio-economic status or cultural groups within an area could influence the types of sports and leisure activities people participate in and consequently, the injuries that occur. A review presented in this PhD thesis revealed that there is very limited sport and leisure injury epidemiological information from a geographical perspective. To address this gap, and determine whether there is a spatial pattern in sport/leisure injuries, the aim of this PhD was to examine the geospatial distribution of sport/leisure injury hospitalisations and their association with a broad range of social and economic characteristics. This thesis uses spatial epidemiological methods to answer questions such as ‘Where do sports and leisure injuries occur?’ and ‘In whom do sports/leisure injuries occur?’ The main chapters present the results of the application of spatial epidemiological methods to describe the problem, to test hypotheses and to explore associations with possible explanatory variables. The findings showed a significant variation across metropolitan, regional and rural areas in the pattern and clustering of injuries when examining different sports, age groups and other variables such as education level. A secondary aim of this thesis was to consider the dissemination of sport and injury epidemiological data. As emphasised in the literature, there is limited spatial epidemiological information available to decision-makers and key stakeholders. At best, descriptive maps might be included in a report or research paper. However, these are static and limited to the results that the author chooses to present. Therefore, an important output from this PhD is a web-GIS application that has been specifically built to enable the exploratory analysis of sport/leisure injuries in Victoria. Sport and leisure injury prevention strategies and policy development relies on information about where, when, to whom and how sport/leisure injuries occur. This thesis demonstrates that a spatial epidemiological approach is an important and novel way to address epidemiological questions from a geographical perspective.Doctor of Philosophy
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McLeod, Geordie. "Injury surveillance in community cricket and the exploration of insurance claims systems." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2020. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2390.
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The aims of this industry funded PhD thesis were 1) To understand the injury causes, trends and burden in community cricket and 2) To examine the Cricket Australia National Club Risk Protection Program (NCRPP) insurance scheme for suitability as an injury surveillance tool for community cricket.
This thesis sought to identify and understand the injury profile of community cricketers through existing literature and injury datasets, being, Victorian Injury Surveillance Unit (VISU) hospital data, Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) and NCRPP insurance claims data. This thesis also undertook a novel assessment of data validity and completeness from various sources, against industry standards of the Australian Sports Injury Data Dictionary (ASIDD) and cricket injury consensus statements (consensus).
Existing literature using insurance claims data to report sports injury indicated high levels of validity and completeness were possible. Review across all sources of published, community- level, cricket-related injury data revealed acute medically-treated injuries were most commonly fractures, dislocations, sprains and strains. The most common body regions requiring hospital attendance were the wrist/hand and head. The majority of hospital-treated injuries were due to being struck by the ball. The majority of prospectively collected injury data involved junior and/or adolescent players and most often involved bowling cohorts, although fielding was the most commonly reported activity of injury onset. The majority of studies had an unclear likelihood of bias. Reporting completeness was moderate when compared to the ASIDD core items and consensus, with injury mechanism an area requiring improvement.
The ACC provided data, on all cricket-related injury claims, showed high validity with the core items of the ASIDD and the cricket injury consensus statements. The ACC data showed soft tissue injuries were the most common injury nature with bowling the most common activity at injury onset. Lower back and shoulder sprains/strains were the most commonly injured body regions. Four-percent of claims involved lost work time. The NCRPP, collecting specifically organised cricket-related injury not covered by a universal healthcare system, showed fractures to the hands/fingers/thumb and knee sprains were the most common injuries. Fielding was the most common activity at injury onset. Twenty-five percent of claims received loss of income (LOI) payments with knee injuries representing the highest injury burden (weeks LOI/year).
The NCRPP system showed a high level of validity in injury data collection measured against the ASIDD and consensus. The NCRPP data showed a high level of completeness compared to the core items of the ASIDD and a moderate level in comparison with the consensus. The NCRPP system was judged to be useful as a potential injury surveillance system against the Centre for Disease Control (CDC) guidelines. Recommendations for improvements to the system include: 1) Addition of medical diagnosis/history; 2) Inclusion of injury side; 3) Inclusion of new/recurrent injury; 4) Allowance for multiple injuries being recorded separately; 5) Rationalisation of the injury nature terms (e.g. tear/rupture); 6) Reintroduction of injury mechanisms; 7) Addition of protective equipment usage; 8) Introduction of fielding positions; 9) Adopting required input fields in online forms to better capture injury data.
Additional research is required to help validate the representativeness of the NCRPP injury data. Future research into community-level cricket injury would also be better served with a community-level injury surveillance consensus statement.
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Haycock, David. "University students' sport participation : the significance of sport and leisure careers." Thesis, University of Chester, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10034/600537.
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There is now national and international evidence which indicates that those who have higher educational qualifications are more likely to be present-day and future sport participants than those who leave education once they reach the minimum school-leaving age. In Britain, despite significant government policy and financial investment in interventions designed to boost youth sport participation alongside other favourable trends, including a doubling in the proportion of students entering higher education (HE) since the 1980s, the rates of sport participation among the general population, including young people, have remained relatively static. This is particularly significant for, if attending HE does indeed help explain why university students are more likely to become present-day sport participants and remain sports-active into later life, then one might have expected to observe increases in participation by young people and adults over the last three decades or so. Since this has not happened, definitive conclusions about whether there is a HE effect on sport participation and, if so, what this effect/these effects are, cannot yet be drawn. The central objective of this study, therefore, was to explore this apparent paradox by analysing the development of 124 20-25-year-old undergraduate students’ present-day sport and leisure participation via a retrospective analysis of their sport and leisure careers. The study employed a cross-sectional, mixed methods, research design incorporating structured and semi-structured interviews held at two universities in England between March and July 2011. The findings indicated that the two clearest predictors of differences in the present-day sport participation and sport careers of university students were subject of study and sex, with sport students and males being the most likely participants over the life course and whilst at university. These differences first emerged during childhood, widened from age 12-13-years-old, and remained relatively set from age 16 onwards. The differences in the present-day sport participation of university students, and the richness of their overall sport careers, could thus not be attributed to a ‘HE effect’ as previous research has suggested. It was during childhood, rather than youth, when the preconditions required for constructing short- or longer-term sport (and leisure) careers were formed. The differential childhood socialization practices students’ experienced played a crucial role in the development of sporting habituses and dispositions within their unfolding networks (or figurations) which provided the foundations upon which present-day inequalities in participation were based. In this regard, the assumed contribution attending HE has previously been expected to make to students’ current and future sport participation appears to have been over-stated, and in so doing diverted attention from other processes associated with the inequalities that underlie students’ differential engagement in sport. It seemed that the context of university did little to promote overall levels of student participation, the numbers of sports they played, and the facilities they used. At best, attending HE may have simply delayed the drop-out from sport among those with already established and longer-running sport careers prior to attending university. In this regard, the present focus on raising sport participation among 14-25-year-olds by various sports organizations and facilitators would appear misguided and perhaps doomed to failure, for the evidence of this study suggests that a more appropriate focal point for policy interventions concerned with boosting longer-term participation is not with youth, but with children.
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Shibli, Simon. "Performance analysis in sport and leisure management." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2015. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/11010/.
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McInnes, Hamish Alan. "Lifestyles and leisure participation." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1989. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/28227.
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The objectives of this research are twofold; firstly, to provide a more complete appraisal of leisure participation than hitherto available, and secondly, to see whether or not leisure lifestyles can be identified on the basis of people's behaviour. Leisure life styles of individuals are poorly understood. Research to date has concentrated on specific activities or the use of facilities. It has been almost wholly descriptive in nature. This thesis aims to examine individual leisure behaviour with particular reference to the neglected sphere of informal and home based leisure.
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Roy-Davis, Kylie. "Sport injury-related growth : theory-to-practice." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2017. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/Sport-Injury-Related-Growth(2638eb76-433d-4f96-9b41-ea87fa0c32ce).html.
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This thesis explored the concept of sport injury-related growth (SIRG). Specifically, the mechanisms through which growth occurs and how it may be promoted for injured athletes. Study 1 used a grounded theory methodology to develop a context-specific theory. Aligning with a Straussian approach, data was collected using semi-structured interviews and analysed using open, axial, and selected coding. Findings revealed that the mechanisms of (a) meta-cognition, (b) positive reappraisal, (c) positive emotions, and (d) facilitative responses are what enable SIRG. These mechanisms are influenced by a combination of internal (e.g., personality) and external (e.g., received social support) factors. These factors enable injured athletes to alter their perception of their injury into an opportunity for growth, and it is by drawing upon and mobilizing a variety of these resources that athletes are able to experience SIRG. Dimensions of growth were psychosocial, physiological, and behavioral. Although this study produced a theory that explains the SIRG process, it does not propose specific techniques or therapies that encourage the development of growth. To address this issue, Study 2 aimed to investigate and identify evidence-based interventions that promote growth after experiencing adversity. To achieve this aim, a systematic review was conducted on literature pertaining to the promotion of growth for populations who have undergone a stressful experience (e.g., medical illness). In total, 34 studies were located and obtained that met the preplanned inclusion criteria. Within these 37 studies, three types of interventions were identified: emotional processing, cognitive processing, and combined techniques. The authors of the studies who successfully demonstrated the promotion of growth either identified or suggested that growth occurs through the mechanisms of cognitive restructuring and/or reappraisal. Other important considerations that were identified through this review were the duration and timing of the intervention in relation to the adverse event, and the importance of the intervention meeting the needs of the participants. Although this study offers valuable insight into how growth may be more successfully nurtured, the studies included within this review did not specifically focus on promoting growth for injured athletes. Consequently, Study 3 sought to complement this study by examining the practice-based experiential knowledge of sport psychologists who have worked with injured athletes in an applied manner. In total, 10 sport psychologists were purposively sampled and interviewed. Data was collected using a semi-structured interview guide and analysed using content analysis. Findings revealed a fluid development framework that consisted of 5 phases: (a) reactionary phase, (b) preparation phase, (c) reflection phase, (d) application phase, and (e) monitoring phase. Within each phase a set of corresponding strategies, skills, and tools were identified that the sport psychologists would utilize to match the needs of the athletes. The sport psychologists also identified a number of personal and environmental factors that either promoted or hindered the development of SIRG. Altogether, this thesis supports and extends research regarding growth and sport injury, as well as offering applied practitioners useful information for promoting SIRG.
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McClelland, Jessica. "Early Sport Specialization: Overuse Injury and Burnout." Otterbein University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=otbn1461189746.
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Shi, Xiaolei. "Social interdependence theory in sport." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8088/.
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This thesis investigates examining the effects of certain types of interdependence on motor performance in competition. In the first experiment, participants undertook a ball carrying and running task under varying levels of between-team resource interdependent condition in the individual competition. The number of balls that carried to the container decreased when between-team resource interdependence exists. In the second experiment, participants completed a basketball shooting and rebounding task under varying levels of between-team resource interdependent condition in a two-on-two team competition. Results indicated that the number of baskets made, the number of baskets attempted and the shooting accuracy was higher in resource independent competition. In the third experiment, participants undertook the same basketball shooting and rebounding task as the second experiment under varying levels of between-team resource interdependent condition and within-team reward interdependent condition. Results indicated effort-based performance was greater under resource independent condition and its interaction with low reward interdependent condition. In the final experiment, participants undertook a handgrip task in a four-on-four team competition. Compared to the no reward condition, performance was better under both high reward interdependent condition and low reward interdependent condition. Mediation analyses revealed that positive emotions, self-reported effort and pressure mediated the change of performance.
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Sandstedt, Scott D. "Post-injury psychological characteristics and adherence to severe sport injury rehabilitation protocols /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3144453.
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Delves, A. J. "Towards a theology of leisure." Thesis, University of Hull, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387797.
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Reilly, Justine Nicola. "Sport, museums and cultural policy." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2014. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/11324/.
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Britain is widely considered to be the birth place of modern sport. Given this fact, it could be expected that the representation of sport within British museums would be extensive. However, the discussion of sport in museums within the existing literature is limited at best and, where it does occur, has a focus primarily on sport specific museums. Therefore, this thesis examines the development of sport in museums and the motivations and barriers which have influenced its development. Placing sport in museums within the wider context of cultural policy between the period of 1997 and 2012, the study explores the impact of sport in museums within wider social and economic agendas. Due to the lack of existing evidence concerning the subject area, the study draws on extensive fieldwork conducted by the author with individuals working in the fields of cultural policy, museum practice, and academia. In addition, focus groups and questionnaires were carried out with members of the public to ascertain perceptions towards sport as a subject matter for museums and the potential of sport to increase and change museum audiences. In addition, there is an in-depth evaluation of the Our Sporting Life exhibition programme in order to establish the impact of sport in museum against the widely used museu-m methodology frameworks, the Generic Learning *Outcomes and Generic Social Outcomes. The findings of this research demonstrate that sport in museums responds to a range of wider cultural policy objectives which support economic and social outcomes. These include: improving individual’s knowledge and understanding; providing enjoyment; supporting health and well-being agendas; and building stronger communities. In addition, the evidence establishes that sport attracts new and different audiences to museums and suggests that this may impact on the visiting habits of these individuals in the long-term. However, the findings also demonstrate that there are significant barriers to the delivery of sporting exhibitions in museums, most notably access to sufficient funding and inadequate knowledge and availability of relevant sporting collections. Therefore, this thesis presents the first conclusive evidence that sport in museums is both relevant and valuable as a subject matter for museum discourse, and argues that this alone suggests a need for increased funding to support further development of activity in this field.
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Song, Wei. "Chinese women and sport : an analysis on how gender and class affect their attitudes towards sport participation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/51972/.
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This study investigates the forces that shape and determine the attitudes and choices that Chinese women have made and continue to make in regard to their sport engagement at a non-elite level. It argues that the constructs of gender and class are so deeply ingrained within Chinese society that they still play their essential roles in women’s decision making processes of their sport participation. A theoretical framework that utilizes the concepts of Michel Foucault, Pierre Bourdieu and Raewyn Connell is significant in explaining how gender and class affect the women cited in this study. Life history interviews and auto-ethnography were employed in this investigation in order to uncover more detailed and qualitative insights as to how gender and class are discursively defined and how women conform or negotiate these discourses about gender and class.
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Bianco, Theresa. "Social support influences on recovery from sport injury." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10362.
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Although social support has been recognized as an important coping resource in the psychological adjustment to injury and illness, the possible benefits of social support in recovery from sport injury have received minimal attention. The present study, therefore, set out to investigate the role of social support in recovery from sport injury. In open-ended interview sessions, 12 current and former members of the Canadian Alpine Ski Team, who had sustained serious injuries, discussed their perceptions of the social support received during recovery and its effect on coping with injury. Inductive analyses of interview transcripts revealed that the experience of sport injury was a process which spanned three phases: the occurrence of injury, treatment and rehabilitation, and the return to sport. The presence of social support during each of the stages contributed to enhanced coping manifested through increased motivation, better treatment adherence and a more positive outlook toward the injury and recovery. Support needs included emotional support, information support and tangible support and were met by various members of the athletes' social support network. Identified as important sources of social support were: family and friends, medical personnel, current and former ski team members, coaches, and the team management. In addition to highlighting the breadth of the impact of social support and the number of potential support providers, the present findings suggest that increasing social support during recovery can be an effective psychosocial strategy in the treatment of sport injuries. The identification of support needs during specific periods in the sport injury process represents an important step in the development of such interventions. The current findings support the transactional view of social support and indicate the further investigation of this process can also be beneficial to the development of rehabilitation interventions.
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Ivarsson, Andreas. "Psychology of Sport Injury : Prediction, Prevention and Rehabilitation in Swedish Team Sport Athletes." Doctoral thesis, Växjö, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-42982.
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The dissertation consists of five separate studies that all have focused on different aspects of the relationship between psychological factors and sport injuries. In the first study the aim was to investigate female elite soccer players’ experiences of the time prior to the occurrence of an ACL injury. In the result three themes of player experiences was identified: fatigue, life stress, and worry. The players interpreted these three themes as risk factors for ACL-injury. The second study aimed to investigate whether personality, stress, and coping predicted injury occurrence in an elite soccer population. The result showed that an interaction between psychological variables (i.e. trait anxiety, negative life event stress and daily hassles, ineffective coping) could explain 24 % of the variance in injury occurrence. Moreover, the result showed that negative life event stress was found to have an indirect effect on injury occurrence through daily hassles. In the third study the aim was to investigate whether individual level and changes in hassle and uplift levels over a 10-week period could predict injury outcome in an elite junior soccer population. The results showed that both initial level as well as change in hassle influenced injury risk. More specific, both high initial level as well as slow decrease in hassle was associated with an increased risk of injury. The fourth study aimed to investigate the extent to which a mindfulness and acceptance based intervention program could reduce the number of sports injuries in a sample of soccer players. The result showed no statistically significant differences in injury rates between the two groups, but there was a medium effect size (adjusted Cohen´s d = - 0.59). In the fifth study the aim was to investigate an athletic injury as a career transition through the narrative expression of successful and less successful injury experiences of a former elite handball player. The participant’s narratives made possible to identify four phases (i.e., pre-injury, injury and first reactions, diagnosis and treatment, rehabilitation and consequences) in the injury transition with distinct psychological content (e.g., demands, resources, barriers, and coping strategies) relevant to each phase
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Speer, Susan A. "Talking gender and sexuality : conversations about leisure." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1999. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12976.
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This thesis is a discursive and conversation analytic study of how people talk about gender in the context of discussions about leisure. The data comprise a corpus of over 600 pages of transcribed talk-in-interaction from a variety of sources, including dinner discussions, focus groups, informal interviews, newspaper and magazine articles, television talk shows and documentaries. In contrast to most feminist leisure research, I take participants' talk as my starting point. I explore how gender is made relevant by participants and constituted in the course of their discussions, and what these constructions are used to do interactionally. The thesis works on two levels. First, it provides a distinctive contribution to leisure research, sport sociology and psychology. It explores what leisure theorists have themselves constructed as 'the problem' in leisure theory, and demonstrates how a discursive, conversation analytic approach can help transcend some of these theoretical and methodological 'problems' - including the way that the concept of leisure itself might be conceived and studied. It identifies three structuring concerns in feminist leisure theory, and provides a discursive and conversation analytic reworking of each of them: (i) Justifications for the Non-Participation of Women in 'Male-Identified' Activities; (ii) Hegemonic Masculinity; and (iii) Heterosexism. Second, it provides a distinctive contribution to discursive and conversation analytic approaches to gender, by problematizing and developing our understanding of the way femininity, sexism, masculinity and heterosexism 'get done' in talk. It concludes with a discussion of the implications of this approach for feminist leisure theory, discursive psychology and conversation analysis, and challenges researchers with an interest in 'ideology' and 'power' to take this approach seriously. It finishes with some questions for future analysis.
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McCormack, Fiona. "Leisure exclusion? Analysing interventions using active leisure with young people offending or at risk." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2000. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7385.
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This research considered the role of active leisure-based interventions with young people at risk of offending. It examined some of the claimed outcomes of participation for young people, and the types of provision which can support positive outcomes. A central feature of the research was an analysis of the impact of interventions on leisure-behaviour and attitudes in the medium term. This was underpinned by three stages of research to ensure the appropriateness of the main longitudinal case studies and the framework diagram.
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Wadey, Ross Gordon. "An examination of hardiness throughout the sport injury process." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/926.
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This thesis examined hardiness throughout the sport injury process. Study 1 investigated the affect of hardiness on the prediction of, and response to, sport injury. The data were analysed using hierarchical logistic regression and a two-way multivariate analysis of variance. Findings revealed that negative major life events predicted sport injury and hardiness moderated this relationship. Furthermore, main effects were found for hardiness and time on injured athletes’ psychological responses and use of coping strategies. But despite these significant findings, this study was limited in that it failed to explain why these phenomena occurred. As a result, Study 2 aimed to enhance the interpretability and meaningfulness of the findings from Study 1. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and transcribed, which were then analysed and displayed using composite sequence analysis. Findings revealed that athletes high in hardiness were less susceptible to injury as a result of negative major life events and were able to facilitate their recovery from injury because they used a refined repertoire of problem- and emotion-focused coping strategies. In contrast, athletes low in hardiness exacerbated the impact of negative major life events and injury by using avoidance coping strategies. The depth of these findings offered implications for professional practice in terms of minimising rates of injury occurrence and facilitating recovery from injury. Study 3 aimed to evaluate a hardiness intervention throughout the sport injury process. Within the framework of action research proposed by Evans, Fleming, and Hardy (2000), multiple methods of data collection were used. Findings revealed that the pre-injury intervention increased non-injured athletes’ awareness of how to improve their practice when coping with negative major life events, whereas the post-injury intervention improved the practice of an injured athlete by facilitating his recovery. The thesis concludes with a discussion of its strengths and limitations, practical implications and future research directions.
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Hammond, Lucy. "Hidden injury and hidden impact: a mixed methods investigation of injury surveillance in professional sport." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.606341.
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Injury surveillance is essential for reducing injury incidence in sport, and methods for surveillance have been the focus of a growing number of researchers in the last 15 years. However, work is still required to evaluate the impact of social phenomena on injury surveillance data. This thesis represents one of the first studies of its kind to incorporate both injury surveillance data and investigate psychological and sociocultural phenomena. It explores the impact of these factors on the reporting of injury in professional sport. The first study reported in this thesis compares versions 8 and 10 of the Orchard Sports Injury Classification System (OSICS) for completeness and accuracy, using data from a surveillance study in professional football, cricket and rugby union. It is the first study to evaluate inter-rater reliability of OSICS-10. All injury diagnoses could be assigned an appropriate code with OSICS-10, compared to 87% of diagnoses that could be assigned an OSICS-8 code. Contusions comprised almost half of diagnoses that could not be assigned an accurate OSICS-8 code. Interrater reliability of OSICS-10 was shown to be moderate (k=0.56). The findings of the study suggest that OSICS-10 is a better system to use than OSICS-8 when classifying injury diagnoses from injury surveillance studies, and a key recommendation from this study has been incorporated into the development of an interim system, OSICS-9, which has since been published. The second study examines weaknesses of an injury surveillance system implemented in professional football, cricket and rugby union by recording issues that arose with implementing the surveillance model, with particular emphasis on instances where psychological or sociocultural issues prevented the accurate recording of injury data. Seven keys groupings emerged of reasons for issues that adversely affected the reporting of injury through traditional surveillance methods. These were: 'High importance games', 'Approaching contract signing time', 'Carrying injuries through the season', 'Awaiting insurance payout and retirement', 'Overuse injuries', 'Friendly games' and 'Availability of other players'. There were several impacts of these issues that included under- and over-reporting of injury, and impacts on the reporting of injury severity. The findings of this I -I study suggest that psychological and sociocultural phenomena affect the findings of injury surveillance, and that further work in this area is warranted.
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Anuar, Nurwina Akmal Binti. "Imagery ability in sport and movement." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7125/.
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This thesis investigated how propositions of the Revised Applied Model for Deliberate Imagery Use (RAMDIU) related to imagery ability. Chapter 2 and 3 established that PETTLEP imagery can improve the ease and vividness of internal, external and kinesthetic imagery of movements. Participants perceived the physical and environments elements of the PETTLEP model to be the most helpful for imaging easily and vividly. Chapter 4 investigated the use of these two elements in athletes’ ease of imaging five different types of sport imagery (i.e., skill, strategy, mastery, goal, and affect). The findings revealed positive associations between the use of physical and environment PETTLEP elements and ease of imaging all five imagery types. The findings of Chapters 2 to 4 suggest that the use of physical environment elements will likely result in greater ease of imaging cognitive and motivational imagery content and that the relationship between “What (type) & How” and “Imagery Ability” in the RAMDIU should be bi-directional. Chapter 5 explored the RAMDIU “Who” component by investigating whether emotion regulation in was associated with their sport imagery ability. Only emotional reappraisal was positively related with “Imagery Ability”. Overall, the thesis establishing that imagery ability can be influenced by the individual’s characteristics and how athletes image. Practitioners should consider athletes’ characteristics and how they are going to image to maximize the effectiveness of the imagery intervention in achieving the desired outcome(s).
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Lee, Alvin Y. "The impact of leisure-sport facility design on customer satisfaction." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2003. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1492.
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Marketing, retailing, organizational behavior and consumer behavior textbooks often mention the effects of servicescape atmospherics, physical design and decor elements on facility users. Service managers also recognize it as being an important aspect of their businesses. Yet, in marketing, there is surprisingly little research that is based on theoretical models which predict customer reactions to the different elements in the servicescape. Even less has been done to explore the effects of servicescape elements on customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions. This thesis focuses on selected aspects of Bitner's (1992) servicescape framework and explores the effects of layout. accessibility, aesthetics, electronic equipment, seating comfort, and cleanliness on customer perceptions of service quality. Perceived service quality is hypothesized to lead to customer satisfaction, and approach avoidance behaviors such as desire to remain longer in the servicescape, and intentions to repatronize the facility. In team based sports, fans will often frequent a venue due to their loyalty to the team; even if they do not like the facility. Therefore, having a choice of different venues is important, and is the main distinguishing feature of this thesis when compared to previous studies in this area (e.g. Baker & Cameron, 1996; Bitner, 1992; Moore, Pickett, & Grove, 1999; Wakefield & Blodgett, 1996), which used samples from leisure sports venues which hosted team-based sport. The use of these fan based samples may have resulted in respondent bias towards facility elements; as they do not visit the facility because of the “superiority" of the venue, but because their favorite team is playing there. The availability of more than one facility offering similar spectating experiences is important as it enables customers/spectators to choose between competing facilities based on the environmental variables under study. Wortman (1975) suggested that perceived choice (the perception that there is choice) can lead to positive psychological and behavioral outcomes. Therefore, having a choice of venues may give spectators more control, and result in happier spectators. Due to this need to ensure that leisure-sport facility users had a choice of venue, the data for this study was collected at horse, dog, and motor sport racing facilities. These venues were chosen because of their more "mobile" spectator base when compared to team-based sports like Australian Rules football or cricket. The Structural Equation Model of this study is based on the disconfirmation of expectations paradigm that was initially proposed by Oliver ( 1980) and later adapted for use in consumer quality perception and satisfaction theory by researchers such as Parasuraman, Zeithaml, & Berry (1985), Cronin & Taylor ( 1992), Saurina & Coenders (2002), and Price, Arnauld, & Tierney (1995). Disconfirmation of expectations theory posits that customers experience quality and satisfaction when the service provider meets or exceeds their expectations in a service scenario. Likewise, they experience disappointment when the service provider fails to meet their levels of expected service. The results suggested that Layout Accessibility, Facility Aesthetics, and Cleanliness each had significant influence on customer's service quality perceptions. Service quality was found to have a significant effect on Satisfaction, and customer satisfaction levels had a significant effect on the customer's desire to remain in the service facility, and on their repatronage intentions. The proposed model was supported, and this in turn lent further empirical evidence in support of Bitner's (1992) Servicescape Model. An interesting finding was that the loading patterns for the structural equation model were slightly different from a similar study undertaken by Wakefield & Blodgett (1996) on facilities which offered team-based sport. The importance of seating comfort and electronic scoreboards were found to be different. with these elements being of less importance to customer service quality perception than in team-based sport spectating situations. Although not part of the hypothesis, service quality was found to be an antecedent for customer satisfaction. This provides support in favor of Parasuraman et al. (1985), who has a longstanding debate with Cronin & Taylor (1992) about the directionality of the relationship between the two constructs; where Parasuraman, Zeithaml, & Berry ( l994a) suggested that perceived service quality came before customer satisfaction, and Cronin & Taylor ( 1992) disagreed by positing that customer satisfaction preceded customer perceptions of service quality. The findings of this thesis suggested that perception of quality is an antecedent to satisfaction, which favors the stance of Parasuraman, Zeithaml, & Berry(:994b). The results of this study suggest that the servicescape plays a significant role in determining customer satisfaction. Increased satisfaction, in turn, leads to a higher probability of the customer wishing to remain for longer periods in the service facility and/or return in future. For leisure-sport facility managers, this is important information as increased repatronage and length of stay has direct financial implications for their businesses (customers tend to spend more when they stay longer, and future intentions to revisit could mean more business). There are also implications for leisure-sport facility designers. The findings of this study suggests that spectators in non-team-based leisure-sport facilities place less importance on seating comfort and electronic displays, and more importance on spatial layout elements within the serviccscape. Therefore, the designers or renovators of horse, dog, and motor sport racing facilities should perhaps place more emphasis on the flow, furnishings, and layout in these types of venues.
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Abdullah, Junaida Lee Binti. "A study on leisure travel and subjective well-being." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2002. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/761/.
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Gayman, Amy M. "The relationships between timing of injury onset in the sport season and emotional response to injury." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ64720.pdf.
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Dewar, Andrew James. "Achievement goals and emotions in competitive sport." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3415/.
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The main aim of this thesis was to investigate the relationships between goal involvement and emotions and potential mediators and moderators of these relationships; a secondary aim was to examine the link between goal involvement and sport performance. The relationships between goal involvement and emotions experienced before, during, and after competition were examined in Studies 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Cognitive appraisals (Study 1) and perceived performance (Studies 2 & 3) were examined as mediators of the links between task involvement and emotions. Also, perceived competence (Study 1), perceived performance (Studies 2 & 3), and outcome of the match (Study 3) were investigated as moderators of the relationships between ego involvement and emotions. Finally, the effects of achievement goals on emotions and performance were experimentally tested in a speed-agility task (Study 4). Overall, task involvement was positively related to positive, and negatively associated with negative, emotions; challenge appraisal and perceived performance helped explain the majority of these links. Also, some relationships between ego involvement and emotions were moderated by perceived performance and outcome. These findings suggest athletes should be task involved before or during competition and that ego involvement can be beneficial for emotions when perceived performance is high.
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Moyle, Gene Margaret. "Psychological screening and injury among elite athletes." Thesis, University of Southern Queensland, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/69367/1/Gene_Moyle_-_Doctoral_Thesis_2005.pdf.
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The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the effectiveness of the psychological component of the Queensland Academy of Sport (QAS) Health Screening Questionnaire in screening for injury/illness characteristics among elite athletes. In total, 793 scholarship athletes (409 females and 384 males) ranging in age from 11 to 41 years (M = 19, SD = 4.4) across 20 sports at the QAS in Brisbane, Australia, completed the QAS Health Screening Questionnaire. Psychological risk factors examined were life stress and mood, as measured by the Perceived Stress Scale - 10 (PSS-10) and the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) respectively, in addition to disordered eating behaviours and history of diagnosed psychological disorders. Medical risk factors examined included asthma and back pain. Single-factor MANOVAs showed multivaritate effects for injury, second injury, back pain, asthma, anxiety disorder diagnosis, and fasting. Discriminant function analyses demonstrated that life stress and mood scores had significant utility in correctly classifying injury and second injury status, asthma, back pain, anxiety, and eating disorder diagnosis, in addition to the use of fasting and vomiting as weight control methods. The present findings suggest that the psychology component of the QAS Health Screening Questionnaire demonstrates significant utility as a screening tool regarding injury/illness characteristics among elite athletes.
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Westman, Anton. "Dangers in sport parachuting." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kirurgi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-19690.
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Background Sport parachuting is a dangerous recreational activity for which available literature appears unsatisfactory to form a basis for injury prevention. Aim Overall: Explore some risk factors in sport parachuting. Study I: Identify fatal incident and injury mechanisms for skydiving (sport parachuting from aircraft). Study II: Identify fatal incident and injury mechanisms for BASE jumping (sport parachuting from fixed objects) for each of the four fixed object types B-A-S-E (building, antenna, span, earth). Study III: Identify non-fatal incident and injury mechanisms for skydiving. Study IV: Evaluate the validity of a compulsory reporting system among active skydivers. Study V: Explore some aspects of the Swedish skydiving culture and its relation to injury risks and injury reporting. Study VI: Describe the mechanism of incident and injury for a free fall shoulder dislocation. Methods Descriptive epidemiological studies of (I) fatal injury events in Swedish skydiving, (II) fatal injury events in BASE jumping worldwide, and (III) non-fatal injury events in Swedish skydiving. Self-report survey of (IV) Swedish skydivers to measure: Sensitivity, as the proportion of injury events fulfilling the reporting criterion that were actually reported; Specificity, as the proportion of false positives in relation to the defined gold standard. Content analysis of (V) Swedish skydiving participant narratives. First-person narrative and free fall video recordings (VI) of one case. Results Overall: Risk factors associated with “free fall” flight of the human body and recreational usage of parachutes were described. Study I: Fatal risk factors in skydiving included student instability in free fall, leading to unstable parachute activation with subsequent line entanglement or parachute activation failure. Unintentional water landings also contributed to fatalities. Every fourth skydiving fatality survived impact and died during transports or in hospitals. Study II: Fatal risk factors in BASE jumping included parachutist free fall instability, miscalculation of free fall acrobatics, deployment failure by the parachutist, pilot chute malfunction and parachute malfunction. In cliff jumping (BASE object type E), parachute opening towards the object jumped with subsequent collision was a frequent factor. Poor visibility, strong or turbulent winds, cold and water also contributed to BASE jumping fatalities. Study III: Non-fatal risk factors in skydiving included experience level and type of student-training system. The lower extremities, spine and shoulders were important regions of injury. The most serious injuries were seen in experienced skydivers. Study IV: The overall sensitivity of the skydiving injury reporting system was 0.37 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.24-0.51). With non-minor injuries as the target for reporting, the sensitivity was 0.67 (95% CI 0.43-0.85). No significant effect on reporting was found for gender, age, license level, years in the sport, total number of jumps or club affiliation. The specificity was 0.91 (95% CI 0.83-0.95). Study V: It is suggested that Swedish skydiving culture is carried by the local club; not the national association. Skydiving culture at the local drop zone and formal and informal hierarchical structures among skydivers may be what really decides how rules are enforced, risk-taking behavior is seen, and if incidents and injuries are reported. Study VI: The free fall airstream forces were in this case strong enough to dislocate a shoulder joint, which has safety implications that should be considered by participants and medical doctors performing precourse examinations. Conclusion A number of risk factors in sport parachuting are described. Some technological, training and regulatory interventions are suggested to increase safety.
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Smith, Andy. "Young people, sport and leisure : a sociological study of youth lifestyles." Thesis, University of Chester, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10034/107899.
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In Britain, as elsewhere, over the past two or three decades there has been growing concern over the extent to which sport and physical activity are becoming increasingly rare features of contemporary youth lifestyles. One corollary of this growing concern with youth lifestyles has been the widespread acceptance of a number of common sense assumptions about the nature of young people's sporting and leisure lives. Notwithstanding these concerns, Coalter (2004: 79) has noted recently that, at present, much of the existing research on young people, sport and leisure has consistently failed to explain adequately or provide 'any clear understanding of sport's (and physical activity's) place in participants' lifestyles'. The central objective of this sociological study, therefore, was to enhance our understanding of the place of sport and physical activity in the lives of a sample of 15-16-year-olds, and of the relationships between various aspects of their lives. More specifically, the thesis reports upon data generated by questionnaires completed by 1,010 15-16-year-olds who attended six secondary schools in the north-west of England and one secondary school in the north-east of Wales, as well as focus groups conducted with a sub-sample of 153 of these young people. The findings revealed that for many 15-16-year-olds, participation in sport and particularly 'lifestyle activities', was an integral aspect of both their school and leisure lives. In school physical education (PE) and extra-curricular PE, young people's participation - which was significantly related to sex and school attended - was largely dominated by competitive team-based sports that are typically gendered and stereotypical. The data also indicated that although there were no significant school- or age-related differences in participation in leisure-sport and physical activity overall, more males than females participated in sport and physical activity in their leisure time. Males were also the more frequent weekly participants and spent more time doing so than females. In addition, the data revealed that the leisure-sport and physical activity repertoires of 15-16-year-olds were characterized by involvement in more informally organized sports and highly-individualized recreational 'lifestyle activities', as well as a small number of team sports that were played competitively. It was also clear that participation in leisure-sport and physical activity was part of young people's quest for generating sociability and excitement in the company of friends and because it enabled them to do what they wanted, when they wanted and with whom they wanted. For many young people, however, and particularly the more frequent participants, playing sport and doing physical activity was just one component in their generally busy and wide-ranging leisure lives, which did not prevent them from engaging simultaneously in more sedentary activities (such as prolonged TV viewing and playing computer games) and commercially-oriented leisure activities, as well as consuming legal and illegal drugs. In this regard, it is argued that it is only possible to understand adequately where sport and physical activity fit into the multi-dimensional lives of 15-16-year-olds by examining those lives 'in the round', and by locating young people within the various networks of relationships to which they have belonged in the past, and which they continue to form in the present.
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Pullen, Emma. "Sport and exercise medicine in NHS England : the pathways of sport-related injury patients and social costs." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/24731.
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This thesis explores the general public s experiences of sport related injury (SRI) as they utilise Sport and Exercise Medicine services in NHS England. It focuses specifically on: the treatment pathways to, and utilisation of, one Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM) clinic in NHS England; the social and economic costs incurred as a consequence of SRI; and the extent healthcare utilisation and costs coalesce to structure SRI experience. The study employs a qualitative methodology based on a two phase research design that retrospectively maps the pathways of patients (n=19) up until their treatment at the SEM clinic (focusing on social and economic costs ), and prospectively, as a number of patients (n=4) continue their treatment at the SEM clinic, thus illustrating how pathways and costs feed each other in problematic ways. Findings demonstrate that patient pathways to SEM are relatively lengthy and inefficient due to a lack of knowledge of SEM initiatives for SRI treatment amongst both GPs and patients. This leads to indirect referrals, increased workload in primary care and the utilisation of general orthopaedic secondary care services. It further highlights a number of social and economic costs incurred through SRI, such as diminished social wellbeing, increased emotional labour, poor health behaviours and workplace absenteeism, which are exacerbated through inefficient patient pathways and patient dissatisfaction with general orthopaedic treatment. The thesis is the first study to shed light on the pathways of SRI patients in the NHS and the treatment experience of SEM clinics in NHS England. It demonstrates the extent SEM initiatives justified on the basis of improving the efficiency of pathways and satisfaction of treatment for SRI patients could be more effectively implemented and identifies a number of important implications for the future sustainability of physical activity health promotion policy and the wider social and economic productivity of exercising public populations.
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Backe, Stefan. "Safety promotion and injury surveillance with special focus on young people´s club sports : Challenges and possibilities." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för sociala och psykologiska studier, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-34429.
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Physical activity in youth has many benefits, but parallel to these benefits, sport related injuries pose considerable risks. It is important to public health to address sport related injuries, particularly those affecting young people, who comprise the majority of participants in organised sport in Sweden. The first study in this research showed that inspections of local sport environments, where injuries often occur, did not occur uniformly. Two additional studies pointed out the need for better surveillance of injuries, and described the use of ambulance attendance reports as a possible improvement to current surveillance systems, with a possibility to improve safety for youth and other sport participants. Two other studies identify risk factors that were specific to football and climbing sports, which can be used to guide targeted safety interventions for the young participants of these sports. The studies, taken as a whole, provide new information about the factors associated with sport related injuries, particularly for young people, and point out the need for better sport injury surveillance, improved inspection strategies for fields maintained by organised sport clubs in local communities, and the need to address risk factors specific to different sport activities.
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Johal, Sanjiev. "The sport of lions : the Punjabi-Sikh sporting experience : a study into the place of sport in the socio-cultural landscape of Punjabi-Sikhs in Britain." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2002. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2890/.
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By first detailing the religious, cultural and sporting heritage of Punjabi-Sikhs, the study focuses on how this sporting legacy of has been translated in Britain and how such translation has served to augment the perceived cultural traditions of British Punjabi-Sikhs. The inception of the Shaheedi Games tournaments and the proliferation of all-Punjabi-Sikh football teams are located within the wider phenomenon of post-war South Asian immigration to Britain. The first-hand oral testimonies of pioneering Punjabi-Sikh immigrants serve to script the narrative of the history and evolution of these tournaments. This work is also ethnographically informed through my association/interaction with a Punjabi-Sikh football club. The players/affiliates of this club provided a research environment and subject base allowing the investigation of their manifold identification with sport. The subjects of playing football and supporting professional football teams, along with the conspicuous absence of South Asians from top-flight professional football are used to highlight issues of racism(s) and the (re)negotiations of ethnic, cultural and regional identities. The Shadeedi Games tournaments are unique Punjabi-Sikh sporting/cultural events that have profound significance for Punjabi-Sikhs. The themes/principles of the carnival inform the discussion/exposition of these tournaments and point to their assumed counter-cultural motifs. This thesis aims to disavow uncritical conjecture that denies South Asians a diverse and prominent sporting pedigree/prowess. By uncovering and exploring the Punjabi-Sikh history and experience of sport, this thesis illustrates how this specific British South Asian community has an established, accomplished and multifariously dynamic identification with sport.
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Shipherd, Amber M. "Over conformity to the sport ethic among adolescent athletes and injury." Tallahassee, Florida : Florida State University, 2010. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04142010-204120/.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2010.Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed on July 28, 2010). Advisor: Robert C. Eklund, Florida State University, College of Education, Dept. of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems. Includes bibliographical references.
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Salim, Jade. "An examination of hardiness and stress-related growth following sport injury." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2016. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/audiovisual-translation(beafff75-2fd7-4b32-8e76-7073426e41e3).html.
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This thesis examined hardiness, coping and stress-related growth (SRG) following sport injury. Study 1 examined the relationship between hardiness and SRG. The data were analyzed using Pearson product-moment correlations and Preacher’s and Hayes’s (2008) bootstrapping procedure. Findings revealed a significant positive relationship between hardiness and perceived SRG, and two strategies were found to mediate this relationship: emotional support and positive reframing. That is, the reason why athletes higher in hardiness had higher SRG scores was because they reported greater use of their social support for emotional reasons (e.g., moral support, sympathy or understanding) and were able to construe their injury in positive terms. Despite these significant findings and their important contribution to research, the data is limited due to its quantitative nature. Therefore, Study 2 aimed to enhance the interpretability and meaningfulness of the findings from Study 1. Specifically, Study 2 aimed to explain how injured athletes high in hardiness promoted stress-related growth (SRG) and why athletes low in hardiness were less likely to derive such benefits. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and transcribed, which were then analyzed and displayed using composite sequence analysis. Findings revealed that athletes high in hardiness experienced SRG through four mechanisms: (a) emotional outlet, (b) positive reframing, (c) positive affect, and (d) investing in resources. In contrast, athletes low in hardiness had no emotional outlet, which led to a number of sub-optimal outcomes. This study observed the importance of emotional disclosure during one’s recovery from injury. Informed by the findings from Study 1 and 2, Study 3a and 3b aimed to evaluate an emotional disclosure intervention with injured athletes low in hardiness. The intervention was for four weeks, and included a four week follow-up and a three month social validation interview. The intervention consistent of three groups: a written-disclosure group (WD Group), verbal-disclosure group (VD Group), and the Control Group (C Group). The quantitative data were analyzed using repeated measures AVOVA and MAVOVA, and the qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings revealed the VD Group experienced significantly more SRG than the control group. This finding was explained from the VD Group fully disclosing their thoughts and feelings, and having sufficient time to restructure their stories. Both the WD and VD Groups recalled writing and talking to be a cathartic process; however, they did not report as many desirable outcomes as the VD Group. In conclusion, this thesis has achieved its purpose, and has made a significant contribution to research in a number of ways. From a theoretical perspective, it supported and extended a number of theories and models including the Wiese-Bjornstal et al.’s (1998) integrated model of responses to sport injury, the Organismic Valuing Theory (Joseph & Linley, 2005), and broaden-and-build-theory of positive emotions (Fredrickson, 2013). This thesis also had an empirical impact, as it integrated two lines of which have examined hardiness or SRG following injury, extended research by directly examining the relationship between hardiness and SRG and the coping strategies that mediate this relationship. This thesis not only supported previous hardiness research but also supported and extended research within the growth and sport injury literature, as well as disclosure research within in a sporting and non-sporting context. Finally, from an applied perspective, it emphasizes that practitioners who work with injured athletes may not only have an important role in preventing and/or repairing the negative consequences of injury, but also in terms of enabling them to experience SRG.
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Smith, Brett M. "Men, sport, spinal cord injury and the self : a narrative analysis." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273023.
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Bengtsson, Håkan. "Match-related risk factors for injury in male professional football." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för fysioterapi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-142788.
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Background: Injuries are common in professional football, especially during matches, and they cause suffering for players, in both the short and the long term. It is therefore important to try to prevent these injuries. One of the most important steps in injury prevention is to fully understand the different risk factors that contribute to these injuries. Aim: The aim of this thesis was therefore to investigate several match-related factors that have been suggested to be important for the risk of sustaining injuries during professional football matches. Methods: The thesis consists of four papers, and all analyses are based on data gathered during a large-scale prospective cohort study that has been running since 2001: the UEFA Elite Club Injury Study. Medical teams from 61 clubs have been involved in this study, and they have prospectively gathered data about football exposure and injuries for their first team players. Associations between the following factors and injuries have been analysed: • Match characteristics in terms of match venue, match result, and competition • Match congestion, both short and long term, and at team and individual player level • Number of completed training sessions between return to sport after an injury and the first match exposure Results: All match characteristics studied were shown to be associated with injury rates, with higher injury rates during home matches compared with away matches, in matches that were lost or drawn compared with matches won, and in domestic league and Champions League matches compared with Europa League and other cup matches. It was also shown that injury rates, muscle injury rates in particular, were higher if the recovery time between matches was short. This association between match congestion and injury rates was shown when match congestion was considered at both team and individual player level. Finally, the odds of injury during the first match exposure after a period of absence due to injury was found to be higher if players had completed few training sessions between return to sport and their first match. Conclusion: There are several match-related risk factors that contribute to the injury rate during professional football matches. A better understanding of these risk factors will help teams to make better estimations of the injury risks to which players are exposed in different situations (e.g. during periods of match congestion and when players return to sport after an injury). Knowledge about risk factors will also offer the possibility of reducing the number of injuries for football teams by addressing them with appropriate measures.
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Samaha, Christopher Jude. "Relationship Between Leisure Sport and Exercise Participation and Psychological Benefits for Horsemen." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2008. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/15824.
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KinesiologyPh.D.
This study was a description of horsemen's perceived psychological benefits and liabilities derived from leisure sport and exercise participation. The horsemen that participated in this study were active trainers or grooms who stabled their horses at a training center. Sixty-six horsemen completed the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale: 2, Stress Profile, and this researcher's inventory of horsemen's activities entitled Samaha Horsemen's Activities Questionnaire (SHAQ). Seven horsemen were interviewed to obtain qualitative data. Two of the seven horsemen were omitted from the analysis due to no or limited responses to the questions. Quantitative data results revealed that leisure participation in exercise activities positively correlated with greater well-being, physical self concept, and total self concept scores. There was a statistically significant negative relationship between time devoted to participation in exercise and stress scores. The horsemen that participated in this study work in professional harness racing. An allowable and acceptable leisure activity is gambling. However, results indicated that there were statistically significant negative relationships between time spent gambling and physical self concept, well-being, and exercise and sport participation. Horsemen who were above the median on participation in sport and exercise had significantly higher physical self concept and well being scores than those who were below the median. The results indicate that participation in a variety of exercise and sports as well as time devoted to leisure physical activity had the strongest relationship with improved well-being. Analysis of the transcribed interviews revealed two major themes (limitations and perceived outcomes) and three subthemes within limitations (time, injury, and competitiveness) and perceived outcomes (socialization, physical, and psychological well-being) that described horsemen's participation in leisure sport and exercise. A central conflict emerged within horsemen's reluctance to become assertive in addressing their limitations. Horsemen viewed limitations in participation in sport and exercise as time, injury, and competitiveness. Those who participate in leisure sport and exercise were assertive in addressing their own limitations. The perceived outcomes were physical, socialization, and psychological benefits. Participants expressed that leisure sport and exercise provided possible benefits regardless of their involvement or adherence to an exercise program.
Temple University--Theses
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Schimek, Regina Louise. "Does Relative Energy in Sport Undermine Bone Health?" Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31883.
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Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) is a term expanded from the female athlete triad the is inclusive to males and females and the negative physiological symptoms impacting athlete health and performance from low energy availability. Bone health is one of the ten health consequences of RED-S. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate RED-S in female and male collegiate athletes and determine if there is an association with bone health. Thirteen participants completed an electronic survey containing the LEAF-Q and EAT-26, a three-day food diary and exercise log, and a DXA scan. Energy intake and exercise expenditure was analyzed using an ESHA food analysis processor. Participants at risk for RED-S had higher occurrences of injuries (p<0.022) and lower Z-scores (p<0.063) than those not at risk for RED-S. In conclusion, athletes at risk for RED-S may have higher occurrences of injuries and lower bone mineral density.
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Loftin, Megan. "FORMER TEAM SPORT ATHLETES’ EXPERIENCES OF THE PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SPORT-RELATED CONCUSSION." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1501159909751888.
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Mankad, Aditi. "The role of inhibition and written emotional disclosure in sport injury rehabilitation." University of Western Australia. Faculty of Life and Physical Sciences, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0159.
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A series of four studies examined the emotional climate of elite sport, and tested the utility of an emotional disclosure intervention during sport injury rehabilitation. Overall, results from the investigations indicated that athletes' usual coping mechanism during injury rehabilitation was to inhibit and suppress felt emotions, while displaying mock emotions that were considered acceptable within their sport climate. Pennebaker's (1989) written disclosure paradigm was shown to address athletes' emotionally inhibitive coping style and encourage psychological and physical well-being. It was found to be a viable alternative to psychotherapy within the sport injury context. Athletes showed improvements in stress and mood disturbance, and fewer grief responses towards their injury. Affective and cognitive linguistic markers also showed changes during the 3-day intervention period, leading to the informed assumption that there was a likely association between changes in athletes' psychological responses to injury post-intervention and changes among the linguistic markers of interest. Results were discussed in the context of the broader sport psychology of injury research and limitations of the present investigations were discussed. Recommendations were made for future research into intervention research targeting the psychological experience of long-term injury.
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Anable, Jillian Leigh. "Mobility management in the leisure sector : the application, psychological theory and behavioural segmentation." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7811.
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Al-Hijji, Abdulmohsen Abdullah A. "Leisure behaviour and recreation planning in Saudi Araba with particular reference to Riyadh." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.237080.
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Ivarsson, Andreas. "Psychological Predictors of Sport Injuries among Soccer Players." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1662.
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Between 65 – 91 % of elite soccer players have at least one injury / year (Hägglund, 2007). Several researches have established models that specify psychological factors that could predict sport injuries. Two examples are Rogers and Landers (2005) stress – coping model and Williams and Andersen´s (1998) stress – injury model. The main purpose of the study was to single out significant psychological factors that could lead to an increased injury risk among soccer players. The participants were 152 male and female soccer players (m = 17, 6) studying at soccer high schools in southwest Sweden. Five questionnaires were used STAI, SAS, LESCA, ACSI – 28 and SSP. Continuously injury record was collected by athletic trainers at the school, during a period of six months. The result suggested that there are four significant predictors that in all could explain 23 % of the injuries. The main factors are life event stress, somatic trait anxiety, mistrust and negative coping. These findings are in unison with for example Williams and Andersen´s (1998) stress – injury model and should be considered by coaches when it comes to preventing sport injuries among their athletes.
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Small, Katie Ann. "Effect of fatigue on hamstring strain injury risk in soccer." Thesis, University of Hull, 2008. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:1742.
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Hamstring strains are one of the primary injuries within modern soccer match-play. The injury is well recognised by medical personnel, coaches and athletes as a major concern causing significant financial costs and lost time from training and matches. The temporal pattern of hamstring injury incidence during matches has shown almost half of all injuries to occur during the latter stages of each half, thus suggesting fatigue as an important contributing factor for injury. This thesis comprises four experimental chapters that examine the effect of multidirectional soccer-specific fatigue on the primary aetiological risk factors and mechanism of injury. This was then used to create and evaluate an injury prevention programme aimed at reducing the risk of hamstring strains in soccer.
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Wilcox, Christopher Richard James. "The development and implementation of a hip injury screening protocol within elite ice hockey." Thesis, University of Hull, 2015. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:13607.
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The primary aim of this project was to both investigate injury epidemiology and create methods to potentially reduce injuries within elite ice hockey athletes. Chapter Four assessed the injury problem within ice hockey by retrospectively collecting data from two National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) division III teams across a four year period investigating the prevalence, location, severity and type of injuries sustained. Findings showed that contact injuries were more prevalent (58%) than non-contact injuries (42%), with the knee (15%), shoulder (12%) and hip (13%) being the most frequently injured locations when both contact and non-contact injuries were combined. When investigating only non- contact injuries the hip complex (hip, groin and thigh) (50%) was by far the most injured location with similar frequencies, in terms of injury severity, observed. Chapter Five analysed intrinsic risk factors of the ice hockey athlete by investigating differences of hip range of motion (ROM), strength and functional tests between ice hockey athletes, soccer athletes and control participants. Results demonstrated that ice hockey athletes had significantly weaker hip adduction (p = 0.023) and flexion in sitting (p = 0.001) strength compared to soccer athletes and less external rotation strength compared to control participants (p = 0.010). Ice hockey athletes also displayed greater strength than control participants in flexion in sitting (p = 0.005). Ice hockey athletes exhibited greater ROM in abduction (p = 0.001) than control participants and greater adduction than both soccer athletes (p = 0.003) and control participants (p = 0.004). Ice hockey athletes exhibited less hip flexion in lying (p = 0.001) and external rotation (p < 0.001) when compared to control participants. Ice hockey athletes also presented with an increased number of positive flexion, abduction and external rotation (FABER) tests compared to both soccer athletes and control participants. Chapter Six investigated the effectiveness of the newly created hip screen by comparing ice hockey athletes with and without a previous non-contact hip injury and their performance during the hip screen. Findings demonstrated that athletes who had no previous hip injury had greater internal (p = 0.004) and external rotation ROM (p = 0.022) on the dominant (Dom) limb and greater flexion in sitting (p = 0.031) and internal rotation ROM (p = 0.050) on the non-dominant (Ndom) limb. Although non-significant, previously injured athletes also displayed less ROM in all hip movements compared to previously uninjured athletes. Similar trends were found in strength measures with previously uninjured athletes showing significantly stronger abduction (p = 0.012) on the Dom limb and flexion in lying on both the Dom (p = 0.008) and Ndom limb (p < 0.001). Previously injured athletes displayed more positive FABER (Dom; 13% vs. 0%, Ndom; 13% vs. 5%), Trendelenburg (Dom; 75% vs. 58%, Ndom; 50% vs. 5%) and Ober’s (Dom; 13% vs. 5%, Ndom; 75% vs. 68%) tests with higher scores on the overall screen than uninjured athletes. Chapter Seven investigated the intra and inter-tester reliability of the hip screen finding that intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) of intra-tester reliability of the ROM (0.49), strength (0.80) and overall screen (0.76) was moderate to near perfect. Inter-tester reliability again showed very large ICCs for ROM (0.71), strength (0.77) and overall screen scores (0.81). The minimum criterion change (MCC) (3.78 points) was also found to be small for the screen score change needed to be viewed as clinically worthwhile. These findings demonstrate that the screening procedure developed is useful, reliable and repeatable when assessing the ice hockey athlete’s hip. Chapter Eight demonstrated that all participants regardless of group improved their ROM and strength measures following the intervention period. However, it was demonstrated that the ice hockey intervention (IHI) group saw a decrease in the amount of positive FABER tests following the intervention compared to ice hockey control (IHC) and intervention control (IC) group (IHI: pre 15 vs. post 6; IHC: pre 15 vs. post 14; IC: pre 10 vs. post 9). It was also demonstrated that the IHI group improved above the MCC value presented within Chapter Seven with regards to the overall hip injury screen score (pre 48 vs. post 52) indicating that ice hockey athletes who participated in the intervention programme may be at a decreased risk of sustaining a non-contact hip injury due to the intervention exercises targeting weaknesses highlighted in the hip injury screen. In summary, the current project achieved the stated aims by demonstrating that the hip complex was the most common location for injuries of a non-contact nature and the creation of a reliable and repeatable hip injury screen that allows clinicians to potentially highlight athletes considered as ‘at risk’. To complete the injury prevention sequence, future work would be necessary to track athletes who scored low on the hip injury screen over time either following the intervention or as a control to assess if they were more or less likely to sustain a non-contact hip injury. Future work should also continue to optimise the intervention strategy to further develop and enhance its effectiveness in the prevention of non-contact hip injuries. This could be achieved either through a longer protocol that is incorporated into routine training or individualisation of the programme and as such provide a valuable tool for clinicians and medical teams wishing to reduce the risk of ice hockey athletes sustaining a non-contact hip injury.
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Halbert, Sarah Anne. "Exploring the relationship between athletic injury and coaching behavior." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1185396703.
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Forbes, Hollie Samantha. "Isokinetic muscular strength and performance in youth football : relationships with age, seasonal variation and injury." Thesis, University of Hull, 2012. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:6863.
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The primary aim of the current project was to investigate the isokinetic muscular strength and performance of elite male youth footballers, and the relationships with age, seasonal variation and injury. A secondary aim was to use the information gathered to target muscle strain injury prevention strategies to particular age groups and times, and evaluate the effect. The primary aim was achieved by establishing normative patterns for muscular strength and performance of elite male youth footballers (grouped according to chronological and biological age) across a competitive season of youth football in Chapters Four and Five. Isokinetic muscular strength (characterised by peak torque (PT) and peak torque relative to body weight (PTBW)) of the hamstrings (H) and quadriceps (Q) using both concentric (CQ, CH) and eccentric muscle actions (EH) was evaluated. Muscular performance of the same muscle groups (characterised by H:Q ratios (conventional (CHQ) functional (FHQ)), asymmetry (dominant (dom):non dominant (ndom) leg ratios (e.g. CQ:CQ)), and angle of peak torque (AoPT)) was also investigated which necessitated an isokinetic speed of 60 °/s. Isokinetic evaluation was completed three times over the course of a regular playing season (start of season (SS) mid season (MS) and end of season (ES)). Participants were grouped according to chronological age (n=152, under 12 (U12) - under 18 (U18)) and biological maturation (according to Pubertal Development Scale (PDS 1 - 5) n=134). Forty seven participants completed SS, MS and ES isokinetic evaluation. Bilateral isokinetic evaluation consisted of five maximal repetitions of CQ and CH, followed by five repetitions of EH, leg dominance was counter-balanced. Repetitions two-four were used to calculate PT, PTBW, dom:ndom and AoPT for CQ, CH and EH, CHQ and FHQ; these measures were compared across chronological and biological age groups using a mixed model ANOVA. Dom:ndom CQ, CH and EH were compared across chronological and biological age groups using a one way ANOVA, while the relationship between AoPT and PT/PTBW was considered using a Pearson’s correlation. Additionally, the relationship between chronological and biological age, and PT/PTBW was investigated using a mixed model ANOVA within PDS group three. For analysis of seasonal variation a mixed model ANOVA was applied for all isokinetic measurements which considered time (SS, MS, ES), leg dominance (dom, ndom) and age group (U12 -U15) with a further mixed model ANOVA performed on CQ:CQ, CH:CH and EH:EH. Where appropriate SIDAK corrections were applied and the level of significance was accepted at p≤0.05. The main findings were that youth footballers did not increase their PT and PTBW EH in-line with CQ and CH as chronological and biological ageing progressed, this lead to a significant FHQ imbalance at U18. Dom:ndom CH comparisons identified that the chronologically younger and biologically less developed groups displayed a significantly stronger dom leg which may be explained through the concepts of skill acquisition and trainability. Biological age was not found to exert any additional effect over and above that of chronological ageing as significant differences in muscle strength still existed according to chronological age group within PDS group three. Additionally, AoPT EH and PT EH were found to be significantly negatively correlated on both legs which supported a potential mechanism for non contact hamstring muscle strain injury during running. Analysis of seasonal variation revealed that all PTBW measures showed a MS decrease. This may be related to breaks in normal training activity and links appropriately to times of peak injury incidence highlighted in youth football. In order to achieve the secondary aim of the current project Chapters Four, Five and Six investigated the relationship between isokinetic muscular strength and performance, muscle strain injury of the thigh, and injury risk attenuation. A retrospective and prospective injury audit was undertaken for the elite male youth football participants. For the retrospective approach participants were grouped according to chronological age (n=147) or biological age (n=128) and indicated using a self-report injury form their history (ever, (Hx)) or recent history (12 months, (Hx12)) of hamstring, quadriceps and adductor injuries. Approximately each player had an Hx of muscle strain injury and 0.56-0.59 of players had an Hx12. The hamstrings were the most commonly injured muscle group and the prevalence of muscle strain injury Hx and Hx12 increased with chronological and biological age. The prospective audit (n=50) identified that 0.16 of players sustained a muscle strain injury during the season, 0.08 of these being to the hamstrings. Between group comparisons (one way ANOVA with SIDAK correction) were also performed to investigate the difference in isokinetic measures between those participants who had an Hx12 of muscle strain injury and those who did not. It was discovered that for Hx12 of an injury to the dom hamstrings the injured group had less PTBW CH and EH on the dom leg. The injured group also had more inner range AoPT CH. These findings linked appropriately to the reported mechanisms and risk factors for hamstring injury but the exact direction of cause and effect could not be established. To this end a logistic regression analysis was undertaken in an attempt to predict which group (injured vs. non injured the 50 participants would belong to, using evidenced based risk factors in the experimental model. No predictive relationship between risk factors (including altered isokinetic muscular strength and performance) could be established. The information regarding the relationship between injury and muscular strength and performance may highlight a role for isokinetic screening to ensure adequate rehabilitation from injury. Injury risk attenuation strategies were investigated through an exercise intervention using the U18 age group following a break from football activity. The participants were split based on their FHQ at initial isokinetic evaluation (via odd and even placing) to form control (n=8) and intervention groups (n=8). Isokinetic evaluation was conducted as previously outlined and the exercise intervention targeted the hamstrings. Only six of the control group and seven of the intervention group completed the study and were compared using a mixed model ANOVA. Results showed that the intervention group were not significantly different to the control group post intervention for any of the isokinetic muscular strength and performance measures, though both groups significantly improved over time for the ndom leg CHQ and PTBW EH, and FHQ improved for both legs. Contamination of the control group may explain the lack of significant difference between groups. However, the exercise intervention was not targeted to individuals who displayed prior alterations to isokinetic muscular strength and performance, and this approach was discussed using the results of one member of the intervention group. In summary, the current project achieved the stated aims by discovering normative patterns of isokinetic muscular strength and performance according to age and seasonal variation. Injury risk attenuation strategies were targeted appropriately to the U18 age group following a break from football activity. However, the applied evidence based exercise may have been more effective if targeted to ‘risk’ after isokinetic screening.
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Aman, Mohd Salleh. "Leisure policy in New Zealand and Malaysia: a comparative study of developments in sport and physical recreation." Lincoln University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1768.
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This comparative study assessed the usefulness of the convergence thesis as a tool for understanding developments in leisure, recreation and sport in New Zealand and Malaysia. The study examined the interrelationship between 'global' and 'local' or 'contingent' factors and their impact upon leisure behaviour, leisure policy and leisure structures. 'Local' factors included institutional arrangements (notably political ones) and national cultural practices. A social history of New Zealand and Malaysia with particular reference to leisure, sport and recreation and national cultural practices was provided as a context for discussion of these issues. The study utilised a mixture of archival and library research and semi-structured interview, and was guided by an explicit comparative framework, concentrating on the development of leisure, sport and recreation in the two countries between 1970 and 2002. Interviews with 'key players' in both countries captured valuable data in the form of 'insiders' views' on leisure behaviour, policy and structure. These data were analysed with the relevance of the convergence thesis in mind. This study shows that contemporary leisure behaviour in New Zealand and Malaysia is shaped by the media and is highly commercialised, placing a high value on entertainment, and involves increasingly passive forms of participation. Informal sport and individualised recreational activities are replacing organised team-based sports in popularity. Leisure behaviour trends have led governments in both countries to encourage greater participation in sport and physical activity and to encourage private sector ventures into leisure-related products, services and infra-structures in the form of private-public partnerships. In terms of leisure policy, developments in leisure, recreation and, noticeably, sport, in Malaysia and New Zealand have been shaped by the wider agendas of the governing political parties. This is particularly noticeable at central government level. Individual political leaders in both countries have been influential in setting leisure-related policy. They had the vision to see that sport in particular might serve wider, national interests and that investments in sport could help raise the profiles of their countries in international markets and among trading organisations and the regulatory bodies that oversee trading practices. Malaysian and New Zealand governments seek to make leisure, sport and recreation policy supportive of other priorities. In Malaysia, the government legitimises its control over the policies which affect people's lives by appeals to Islamic principles and the need to put collective needs of nation building ahead of individual concerns for freedom. In terms of institutional, political, arrangements, this impacts at both central and local government levels in Malaysia. New Zealand, following a pluralist, Westminster, tradition of political representation, experiences regular changes in political management at central government level and a system of local government whereby local autonomy is jealously protected. Malaysia has resisted 'the global', by virtue of the nation-building policies of the Barisan Nasional, which has been in power since 1957. New Zealand's 'resistance' stems in part at least from the autonomy which local government enjoys. These experiences demonstrate that resistance to 'global' change can take varied forms at the 'local', contingent, level (Thorns, 1992). Differences in leisure structures reflect, once again, different agendas stemming from different political arrangements. The Malaysian government's approach is multi-Ministry, and micro-managed. In New Zealand, a 'hands off' approach via a quasi-autonomous non-government organisation (‘Quango'), became the favoured means of structuring central government leisure provision in the 1980s and 1990s. This was with a view to encouraging stability and consistency in leisure policy and provision in a pluralistic political system. Overall, and 'cautiously', this study provided support for the convergence thesis as a way to explain development in leisure, recreation and sport in New Zealand and Malaysia over the past 32 years. Although institutional arrangements and national cultural practices have provided some resistance to convergence processes, changing consumer sentiments may weaken such resistance in future.
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Stevenson, Karl. "Representative task design in cricket batting." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2016. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/318a4c35-00df-45b2-a23d-eaeccc05f339.
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In recent years researchers have argued that in order to fully understand perceptual cognitive expertise in sports, representative tasks must be used to preserve the tightly coupled links between perception and action that experts exploit. Previously, tasks have been considered as representative or not, with little evidence existing to indicate the degree to which a task is representative enough. This thesis primarily aimed to investigate experimentally representative tasks in cricket batting and the degree to which a laboratory-based task of cricket batting was able to represent batters’ emergent perceptuo-motor behaviour for perceiving bowlers’ delivery length. A secondary aim was to re-evaluate perceptuo-motor behaviours thought to contribute to skilled performance and their development. In chapter 2 skilled batsmen’s foot movements were recorded in response to balls bowled to a range of lengths under in situ and video-based laboratory conditions. Kinematic analyses quantified decision-making skill and movement scaling. Analyses revealed the laboratory condition to have a high degree of fidelity. Skilled batter’s Foot movements were reliably replicated and differences were found compared to a novice group. In chapter 3, response mode, occlusion condition and skill level were compared on the representative laboratory test developed in chapter 2. Analyses identified that skilled performance was only aided by maintaining coupled responses under occluded conditions, whilst no differences were observed under un-occluded conditions. Skilled performers were also shown to possess greater anticipation skills compared with novices under both coupled and un-coupled conditions. In Chapter 4, the effects of manipulating information present in situ, through simulated ball flight, and fully simulated training aids were compared in a novel experimental paradigm. Skilled batsmen faced deliveries across a range of lengths from a bowler (in situ), from a bowling machine (simulated ball flight) and from a ProBatter simulator (fully simulated action and ball flight). Results showed that simulated ball flight condition resulted in foot movements that were closer to in situ than the fully simulated condition, suggesting that if present, the link between bowling action and ball flight needs to be tightly coupled. These results demonstrate for the first time that representative tasks must not be considered unilaterally as representative or not, but instead the degree of representativeness should be quantified and evaluated against the expert behaviour under investigation. Determination of the degree of representativeness would allow researchers to apply findings to the performance environment with greater knowledge of their potential impact.
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Smith, Graham. "The influence of overseas coaching and management on the occupational subculture of English professional football." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2011. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/52324e84-2c14-4fbc-9fea-754379c7d2b7.
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As an area of academic and popular interest it is generally acknowledged that migrant British players and coaches were instrumental in football's global diffusion and that different technical and tactical emphases developed according to particular geographical locations and cultural milieu. As the twentieth century unfolded the trend reversed with increased inward flows of elite foreign playing and coaching labour into the upper tiers of UK football, challenging the distinctive and erstwhile dominant occupational culture of the English game. This study examines this process of sub-cultural adaptation. It is principally concerned with critical evaluation of the dynamics of occupational culture modification and any resultant tensions evidenced between expatriate and indigenous coaching talent and other interest groups operating within the higher echelons of English professional football.
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Gilroy, Sarah Isobel. "The embody-ment of power? : women and physical activity." Thesis, Open University, 1996. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54176/.
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The thesis examines the connections between being physically active and becoming empowered. It centres on the experiences of women and investigates their involvement in physical activity and how this relates to the rest of their lives and their subjectivities. In so doing the research explores the relation between physicality and social power, and considers the role of the body in the construction of gender power relations. The key concepts used to explore this area are agency and structure, hegemony, negotiation, empowerment and physicality. More broadly the research has been informed by debates in feminist postmodernism and poststructuralism. The main data set were generated through interviews with twenty-eight women with additional information coming from questionnaires returned by one hundred and seventy-two women representing a range of activity levels, ages and class locations. The findings were generated largely from the experiences of white women living in a market town within commuting distance of London. The findings demonstrate the potential for women to become empowered through their bodies, as a result of being involved in physical activity. The acquisition of new skills and the discovery of new physical potential in their bodies such as feeling stronger, having more energy, were foregrounded by the women as being important to them. This led them to feeling more positive about themselves and their potential. There was nothing to suggest that particular activities were more empowering than others, although the context and purpose of the activity was found to be important. There is little evidence of there being any difference between working-class and middle-class women in terms of their experience of empowerment or disempowerment through physical activity. The findings also highlight the need to set an understanding of physical activity within the context of intra-household relations. By doing this it is argued that we are better able to understand how the construction of women's subjectivities operates simultaneously across fields of activity.
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Matošić, Doris. "The role of narcissism in sport coaching : a self-determination theory perspective." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7580/.
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The aim of the current thesis was to investigate coach narcissism as an antecedent of controlling and autonomy-supportive coach interpersonal styles proposed by self-determination theory (SDT); potential indirect effects that underlie those relations, and the outcomes of such coach interpersonal styles. The current thesis is comprised of a systematic review and three empirical chapters. Chapter 2 reviewed the literature on antecedents of controlling and need supportive interpersonal styles and identified narcissism as an antecedent of particular importance to sport coaching. This chapter has also illustrated a dearth of research investigating narcissism as an antecedent of coach interpersonal styles, which then became a key theme of the empirical studies that followed. Across these studies, narcissism was found to be positively associated with controlling interpersonal style in coaches (Chapters 3, 4, and 5), however it was not associated with autonomy-supportive style (Chapter 3). Some of these studies also revealed indirect effects (i.e., empathic concern, effectiveness beliefs about controlling interpersonal style) that helped explain the relation between narcissism and controlling interpersonal style (Chapters 3 and 5), and narcissism and autonomy-supportive interpersonal style (Chapter 3). Finally, coaches' controlling interpersonal style was associated with need frustration and positive attitudes toward doping in athletes (Chapter 4), and moral disengagement in coaches (Chapter 5). These novel finding extend SDT literature by offering further understanding on antecedents and outcomes of coach interpersonal styles.
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Loutsch, Jacqueline A. "Perceived social support systems during athletic injury recovery in collegiate club sport athletes." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5180.
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