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Journal articles on the topic 'Sport outside'
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1
Nixon, Howard L. "GENDER, SPORT, AND AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR OUTSIDE SPORT." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 21, no. 4 (1997): 379–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019372397021004005.
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Jakubowska, Honorata. "Gender verification in sport as a surveillance practice - inside and outside perception." Surveillance & Society 11, no. 4 (2013): 454–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v11i4.4732.
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The article analyzes gender verification of sportswomen as one of the surveillance practices present in sports. The main questions are: (1) Whose bodies are under surveillance? (2) What are the latent functions of the surveillance practices? (3) How are these practices perceived inside and outside the sport? The article is based on the author’s research - individual in-depth interviews with sportswomen, coaches and sports activists and representatives of feminist organizations. Its purpose is to draw attention to the issues of gender and sport, which are marginalized in the frame of surveillance studies.
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Healey, Deborah. "Governance in Sport: Outside the Box?" Economic and Labour Relations Review 23, no. 3 (2012): 39–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103530461202300303.
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Huang, Li Di, and Tian Yu Zhang. "Research on Functional Adaptation of Sport Venues as a Disaster Prevention Refuge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 2740–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.2740.
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Through the survey of the current situation of sport venues as disaster refuge at home and abroad, the advantages of sport venue were widely dissussed from open space outside the sports venues, characteristic of main stadium and information transceiver system. The distribution structure of the hierarchical network of sport venues was analysised. Finally, some examples of sport venues as disasger refuge were proposed. It will be new development trend of stadium and sport venue in the future.
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Wiggins, David K. "A Worthwhile Effort? History of Organized Youth Sport in the United States." Kinesiology Review 2, no. 1 (2013): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/krj.2.1.65.
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This essay examines the evolution of highly organized youth sports in the United States. Through an examination of both secondary and primary source material, an analysis is made of children's participation in sport from the turn of the twentieth century to the present day. Particular attention is paid to the types of sports programs established for children as well as the various discussions involving the supposed benefits and negative aspects of youth sports. Included is information on Progressive Reformers, youth sport programs outside of educational institutions, and guidelines, reports, assessments, and scholarly evaluation of children and their involvement in sport.
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Ohlert, Jeannine, Thea Rau, Bettina Rulofs, and Marc Allroggen. "Comparison of elite athletes’ sexual violence experiences in and outside sport." German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research 50, no. 4 (2020): 435–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12662-020-00678-3.
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Abstract Background Research on the prevalence of sexual violence in sport mostly focuses on incidents of sexual violence that happen in the context of sport, but few studies are available that systematically target the lifetime prevalence of sexual violence in the athletes (as persons), combining experiences in sport and outside the sport system. The aim of the current study was thus to compare sexual violence experiences of elite athletes in Germany in sport with those outside sport. Methods The study was carried out in cooperation with the German Olympic and Paralympic Committee who contacted their registered elite athletes. In total, 1529 elite athletes took part in an online survey and answered questions regarding their sexual violence experiences first in the context of sport and afterwards outside the sport context. Results Results show that 54.2% of the athletes had experienced some form of sexual violence during their lifetime, 20.6% even a severe incident of sexual violence. Incidents happened more often outside sport than in sport, but 48% of the victims were affected in both areas of life, indicating a high overlap of victimization experiences. Conclusion One recommendation from our results is therefore to make even stronger efforts to protect young athletes from becoming a victim of sexual violence. In case a sport club has a person of trust in the club, it can be an important place for athletes with sexual violence experiences (no matter whether experienced inside or outside sport), so that they are being heard and helped.
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Kryger Pedersen, Inge, and Lars Benjaminsen. "Er dopingerfaringer forbeholdt lavtuddannede? Doping som en social praktik." Dansk Sociologi 17, no. 3 (2006): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v17i3.1698.
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Inge Kryger Pedersen and Lars Benjaminsen:
 Bulked-up bodies and education: Doping as a social practice
 During the last decades sociological analyses have interpreted doping and use of performance-enhancing substances as a social phenomenon mainly in the field of sports. In this article, logistic regression analyses of a questionnaire survey conducted among a random sample of the Danish population between the ages of 15-50 (2003 respondents) and persons engaged in different types of sports and exercise activities in Denmark (5036 respondents) show that pharmacological methods (medicines, drugs) have been adopted by trained, physically fit individuals outside sports. Studies indicate that experiences with performance-enhancing substances outside – and not within – competi¬ti¬ve sports are socially stratified. Use of anabolic steroids in gyms is prevalent among men with little or no education. This article looks at these observable variations in social position by drawing upon Bourdieu’s analysis of the logic of practice, his concepts of practical sense and the search for social distinction in the construction of life-styles. Despite certain limitations regarding issues of agency, it is argued that drug use outside the sphere of competitive sport can be viewed as a bodily practice related to social parameters such as the level of education. Use of doping substances outside the sphere of sport is re¬-lated to aesthetic modification, whereas doping in organised competitive sports primarily intends to enhance various physiological parameters. These para¬meters are related both to the specific skills required for the sport and to the logic of competition. This might explain why doping experiences in competitive sports do not seem to be stratified by education.
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Djordjic, Visnja. "Bracketed Morality in Sport." Physical Education and Sport Through the Centuries 6, no. 2 (2019): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/spes-2019-0011.
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Summary Although sport can promote moral values and prosocial behavior in youth, numerous research shows that sports engagement alone does not guarantee that outcome. Instead of striving for fair-play and sport excellence which not exclude justness, solidarity and moral integrity, contemporary sport frequently follows the Lombardian ethic, where „winning isn’t everything, it’s the only thing”. Moral pause or bracketed morality, as described in sport, refers to the phenomenon of tolerance and acceptance of aggressive behavior or cheating, that will be morally condemned outside sports arenas. Accordingly, lower levels of moral reasoning and behavior have been identified in athletes and non-athletes in the sports-related situation in comparison to other life situations; in athletes when compared to non-athletes, in more experienced athletes, high-level athletes, team-sport athletes, and male athletes. Moral reasoning and behavior of athletes are influenced by contextual and personal factors, with coaches having a particularly important role to play. The positive influence of sport on the moral development of athletes might be related to pre-service and in-service education of coaches how to develop adequate moral atmosphere, and how to plan for moral decision-making as an integral part of everyday practice.
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Zakrajsek, Dorothy B. "Sport Management: Random Thoughts of One Adminstrator." Journal of Sport Management 7, no. 1 (1993): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.7.1.1.
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This commentary responds to an invitation to discuss sport management from the viewpoint of an administrator. My thoughts are segmented into two streams: (a) the interface of a sports-minded public and sport management and (b) the listing of a few issues and concerns confronting sport management today. The first recognizes the high profile of sport in American society and the rising gross national sport product (GNSP), which have placed sport management programs in the enviable position of visibility and attention. The second plays on several themes: continuing to improve the knowledge and research base, establishing an independent identity while sharing technology within HPER programs, and being sensitive to a growing trend toward more graduate students entering from fields outside sport, leisure, and Wellness.
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Szymanski, Stefan. "Sport Analytics: Science or Alchemy?" Kinesiology Review 9, no. 1 (2020): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/kr.2019-0066.
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Sport analytics promises to use Big Data and sophisticated statistical methods to identify effective strategies in sports—“the Moneyball moment.” However, much like alchemy, sport analytics is characterized by opacity and secrecy, and outside of baseball, evidence of success that would meet the usual scientific criteria is limited. An example is used to demonstrate that quite simple models can match more complex ones in terms of prediction. Like alchemy, sport analytics can deliver important advances in our understanding, but some problems need to be addressed. These include the need to incorporate theory, reconciling the pursuit of profit with scientific principles, and focusing on prediction as a measure of progress.
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Felsten, Gary, and Kathy Wilcox. "Why is Life Stress Ignored in Studies of ‘Stress’ and Athletic Performance?" Perceptual and Motor Skills 74, no. 3 (1992): 800–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1992.74.3.323.
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Investigations of relationships between stress and athletic performance and stress and outcomes outside of sport psychology have a parallel evolution. Each area has advanced from early attempts to find simple, strong relationships to current strategies for evaluating the influences of individual differences and situational factors on more elusive relationships. However, the most common conceptualizations of stress are very different in research on sport psychology and stress, and most studies of stress and athletic performance do not involve the influences of stress outside athletics. We propose that the approaches used by sports psychologists and stress researchers could be combined to evaluate more fully the relationships between stress and athletic performance.
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Θωμά, Μαρία, Μύρια Ιωάννου та Παναγιώτης Σταυρινίδης. "Παραβατικότητα σε αθλητικά πλαίσια: Προβλεπτικοί παράγοντες για αθλητές και φιλάθλους". Psychology: the Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society 25, № 2 (2020): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/psy_hps.25593.
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A considerable number of delinquent behaviors presented by young people do happen in the context of sport events. The present study aims to (a) examine the impact of the involvement in an athletic team, either as a fan or as an athlete, on delinquent behaviors and (b) investigate team identification as a predictive factor of the involvement in delinquent behaviors. The study followed a cross-sectional design. The participants were 222 participants with a mean age of 23,5 years who completed a self-report questionnaire measuring the extent of involvement in sports and sport events, the levels of general delinquent behaviors outside of sport events and delinquent behaviors in sport events, and the degree of team identification. Based on the regression analyses performed, the present study supports that both athletes and fans were significantly involved in delinquent behaviors happening in the context of sport events. Being identified with your team was a statistically significant predictor of the delinquent behaviors of fans, even for those with low overall delinquency outside of sport events. The findings of the present study have practical implications and the discussion emphasizes on the need to develop suitable, research-informed interventions to reduce delinquent behaviors taking place in sport events.
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Lowes, Mark, and Christopher Robillard. "Social Media and Digital Breakage on the Sports Beat." International Journal of Sport Communication 11, no. 3 (2018): 308–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2018-0088.
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This scholarly commentary draws on existing sport communication literature in an exploration of social media’s role in, and impact on, sport journalism practices and the production of sport news. Of particular concern is the emergence of a form of citizen sport journalism that usurps the traditional role of sport journalists as gatekeepers of the relationship between the sports world and its multitude of audiences. It is argued that social media are providing audiences with more opportunities to create the type of mediated discourses they want to experience by eliminating the scarcity of time and space that once privileged the gatekeeping status of sport journalists. Consequently, sport reporters are becoming social-media content creators and curators while competing against spectator sport-news content creators. Whereas these changes might have a negative connotation, the authors conclude that sport coverage in digital culture offers more opportunities for journalists to step outside the confines of traditional sport journalism work routines and news-production practices.
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Sherwood, Merryn. "Citizen journalists, sports fans or advocates? The motivations of female independent sports media producers in Australia." Australian Journalism Review 41, no. 2 (2019): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ajr_00005_1.
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Australia’s major sporting codes proudly promote the fact that almost 40 per cent of their fans are women, however, this gender balance is not reflected in the composition of the media workforce covering sport. Further, there is very little mainstream media coverage of women’s sport and female athletes in Australia. However, the advent of digital media and lower barriers of access into the media market have led to a proliferation of women creating independent sports media; that is, media produced outside newsrooms by individuals who are not professional journalists. These products, which mostly comprise websites and podcasts, focus on sport generally and women’s sport and female athletes more specifically. These products have regularly secured accreditation to cover events and interview talent, an indication they have been accepted into the sports media landscape, and have started to develop significant audiences. This study conducted in-depth qualitative interviews to explore who these women are, why they create digital sports media products and whether they believe they are practising journalism.
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Kerner, Charlotte, David Kirk, An De Meester, and Leen Haerens. "Why is physical education more stimulating for pupils who are more satisfied with their own body?" Health Education Journal 78, no. 3 (2018): 251–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896918798420.
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Objective: This study explored whether pupils’ state body satisfaction during physical education related to the degree to which they indicated that physical education stimulated them to engage in sports activities outside of school. It also investigated whether pupils’ self-determined motivation mediated this relationship, such that pupils with higher body satisfaction were more likely to value and enjoy the lessons, and to indicate they would re-engage in the activities outside of physical education. Methods: The study involved 506 13–14-year-old pupils (51.19% girls) in England, who completed validated questionnaires to measure perceived body satisfaction, motivation for physical education and the perceived sport promoting role of physical education. Results: Results showed that body satisfaction positively related to the perceived sport promoting role of physical education in girls. The relationship between state body satisfaction during physical education and the perceived sport promoting role of physical education was partially mediated by pupils’ self-determined motivation. Conclusion: Pupils who felt more comfortable and satisfied with their physical appearance seemed to value and enjoy physical lessons more, and this more positive experience stimulated them to re-engage in the activities outside school.
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Maniam, Vegneskumar. "Secondary School Students’ Participation in Sports and their Parents’ Level of Support: A Qualitative Study." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 76, no. 1 (2017): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pcssr-2017-0025.
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AbstractThe study investigated student involvement in sports as part of co-curricular activities in the school and outside, and the effect of parental support upon their child’s participation in sport. The purpose of the study was to investigate in-depth the views of year 11 students from six Australian schools about their parents’ influence on their participation in sport. The schools agreed to allow their students to participate on a voluntary basis. The primary data were gathered from 111 students in the form of written personal statements in response to the researcher’s open-ended guideline questions, based on the humanistic sociological approach of studying respondents’ personal perspectives on a particular phenomenon. The 80% of respondents who claimed to play sport were involved in a total of 23 different sports, with soccer being the most frequently mentioned (29%). The 20% of respondents who did not play sport all attended schools where participation in sport was not compulsory. Parental support for sports participation was evident in 89% of their comments, but only 11% of parents played an active role. The negative family constraints identified by 15% of respondents referred to issues such as lack of parental interest in sport, concerns about safety, maintaining a balance between sport and other areas of life, and the cost involved
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Grossmann, Martin. "Asymmetric Opportunities After an Unsuccessful Sports Career." Journal of Sports Economics 22, no. 5 (2021): 587–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527002521995874.
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Contestants enter a risky contest when pursuing a sports career or choose a secure outside option. If contestants enter this contest but their sports career fails, they may have asymmetric career opportunities outside of sport. Greater opportunities reduce the risk of entering this contest. However, contestants’ incentives to exert effort decrease. Two types of equilibria exist if the initial pool of contestants is large. Either only types with high opportunities or only types with low opportunities enter the sports contest. If the initial pool of contestants is low, both types of contestants participate in the contest.
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Jones, Kirsty L. "Outside Horses, Inside Men: Equestrian Sport, Disability, and Theology." Journal of Disability & Religion 21, no. 2 (2017): 152–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23312521.2017.1297211.
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Donohue, Brad, Yulia Gavrilova, Marina Galante, et al. "Controlled Evaluation of an Optimization Approach to Mental Health and Sport Performance." Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology 12, no. 2 (2018): 234–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2017-0054.
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Athletes experience unique stressors that have been indicated to compromise their mental wellness and sport performance, yet they underutilize mental health services. Indeed, very few mental health interventions for athletes have been developed to fit sport culture, and well-controlled mental health outcome research in athlete populations is warranted. In this randomized controlled trial, a sport specific optimization approach to concurrent mental health and sport performance (The Optimum Performance Program in Sports; TOPPS) was examined. Seventy-four collegiate athletes (NCAA = 42; club = 11; intramural = 21) formally assessed for mental health diagnostic severity were randomly assigned to TOPPS or campus counseling/psychological services as usual (SAU) after baseline. Dependent measures assessed general mental health, mood, mental health factors affecting sport performance in training, competition and life outside of sports, days using substances, sexual risk behaviors, happiness in relationships, relationships affecting sport performance, and contributions of relationship to sport performance. Intent to treat repeated measures analyses indicated that participants in TOPPS consistently demonstrated better outcomes than SAU up to 8-months post-randomization and for mental health/substance use measures, particularly when diagnostic criteria were most severe. Recommendations are provided in light of the results to assist sport-specific mental health intervention development and implementation within athlete populations.
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Fasting, Kari, Celia Brackenridge, and Nada Knorre. "Performance Level and Sexual Harassment Prevalence among Female Athletes in the Czech Republic." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 19, no. 1 (2010): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.19.1.26.
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This article investigates whether there is a relationship between the sport performance level of female athletes inside the sport (at clubs, competitions, or training events) and outside sport (in family or community settings) and the likelihood that they will be victims of sexual harassment. The study sample consisted of 595 women from the Czech Republic and was divided into three performance groups: elite, non-elite/competing, and exercisers. No significant differences were found between the groups in relation to overall cases of sexual harassment, but when their experiences of sexual harassment inside and outside sport were examined, the picture changed. The chances of being harassed by someone in sport increased with performance level, from 29.7% among the exercisers to 55.2% among the elite-level athletes. However, the highest proportion of women experiencing sexual harassment was seen in the group of the exercises outside of sport (73%). This article discusses the prevalence of sexual harassment in relation to the gender order in Czech society.
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Badri, Hanif. "AKTIVITAS OLAHRAGA SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS NEGERI 10 PADANG." Sporta Saintika 5, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/sporta.v5i1.121.
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Based on the observations that conducted by the researcher in the field earlier showed that the active daily motion activities of students Senior High School state 10 Padang was very less and was expected to effect the achievement of their health and physical fitness negatively. The purpose of this study was to assess the sports activities of the students of senior High School state 10 Padang.
 The research used quantitative approach and designed descriptively. Numbers of the population were 854 students which were consist of boy and girl Student Senior High School State 10 Padang. The Sample was taken by Stratified Random Sampling Technique which totally are 129 students. Data was collected by questionnaire, observation and interviews, and analyzed with descriptive techniques.
 The results of the analysis of student sports activities of the Senior High School State 10 Padang showed that (1) most of students were very participate in sport activities in physical Education learning, (2) most of the students were participate in extracurricular learning, (3)most of the student were participate in exercise activities outside the school structurally, (4) most of the students were participate moderately in sports activities outside the school are unstructured, (5) most of the students had very high active in to sport activities and most of them felt the benefits of Exercise activities.
 Keywords : Students 'Sport Activities
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Lenskyj, Helen. "Combating Homophobia in Sport and Physical Education." Sociology of Sport Journal 8, no. 1 (1991): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.8.1.61.
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The discrimination experienced by women in sport in North America has been well documented (e.g., Hall, 1987; Lenskyj, 1986; Uhlir, 1987), and the gains made in the last two decades owe much to the efforts of feminists, both inside and outside sport. However, the situation of lesbians in sport has only recently received attention in academic and professional sport circles, and then only as one aspect of sportswomen’s private lives for which they are subjected to discrimination. And although feminist scholarship of the 1970s and 1980s has investigated the political implications of lesbianism in considerable depth, the specific concerns of lesbians in sport contexts have for the most part been neglected. This paper examines the discrimination faced by lesbians in sport and develops a radical feminist analysis of these experiences. Recent developments in national sports organizations in North America are presented as case studies and analyzed in terms of their political perspective and potential.
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Zalcmane, Karina, and Marina Kameņecka-Usova. "Whether Sports Liability is an Independent Type of Legal Liability." SOCRATES. Rīgas Stradiņa universitātes Juridiskās fakultātes elektroniskais juridisko zinātnisko rakstu žurnāls / SOCRATES. Rīga Stradiņš University Faculty of Law Electronic Scientific Journal of Law 2, no. 20 (2021): 255–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.25143/socr.20.2021.2.255-267.
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Sport law as a highly developed complex branch of law regulates legal relations related to the subject of the different branches of law. Liability for violation of rights, non-performance or improper performance of duties is the basis of criminal, administrative, disciplinary and civil liability. However, there is another type of liability and sanctions provided for violation of sport rules. Nevertheless, no commonly accepted opinion has still been formed whether sports liability is a new type of legal liability or not. Therefore, the aim of the research paper, through general scientific methods (monographic method, analytical method, historical method, comparative method, induction deduction) and methods of interpreting legal norms (grammatical, historical, teleological and systemic methods) is to determine the concept and content of sport liability. To reach the proposed aim, the authors of the study have formulated the concept and signs of sports liability, determined the types of a sports offense, analysed non-standard cases that outside the sports industry would not be subject to any liability and have identified main types of sports sanctions.
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Dahab, Katherine, Morgan N. Potter, Aaron Provance, Jay Albright, and David R. Howell. "Sport Specialization, Club Sport Participation, Quality of Life, and Injury History Among High School Athletes." Journal of Athletic Training 54, no. 10 (2019): 1061–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-361-18.
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Context Many factors can affect the injury risk and quality of life among high school athletes. Early sport specialization and club sport participation may be components to consider when assessing the injury risk and quality of life. Objective To investigate patient-reported quality-of-life and injury-history measures among adolescent athletes at different sport-specialization levels and to compare these measures between those who did and those who did not report participating in club sports. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting High school athletic facility. Patients or Other Participants High school student athletes 13 to 18 years of age were recruited and tested during their annual preseason athletic physical examinations. Main Outcome Measure(s) Our primary grouping variables were sport-specialization level (classified as low, moderate, or high) and club sport participation (organized sport outside of traditional school athletics). Our outcome variables were the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Pediatric Profile-37 rating, Severity Measure for Depression–Child score, and injury history. Results A total of 97 individuals participated (mean age = 15.2 ± 1.1 years; 38% female). Relatively similar proportions of individuals reported participating at each level of sport specialization (low = 34%, moderate = 40%, high = 26%). Forty-six (48%) participants stated they participated in club sports. No differences were evident in quality of life (P values = .15–.92 across domains), depression (P = .60), or injury history (P > .70) among the specialization groups. Those who described participating in club sports had a higher proportion of time-loss musculoskeletal injuries (63% versus 29%; P = .002) and of injuries requiring imaging, injection, a cast, a brace, or crutches (72% versus 46%; P = .013) than those who did not. Conclusions Although no injury-history differences were found among the sport-specialization groups, a higher proportion of club sport athletes than nonclub sport athletes reported a history of injury. Club sports are generally seen as more competitive, and the higher number of injuries seen in this setting could be related to a higher level of play among club sport athletes.
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Martın, Marta Cornax, Nuria Nebot Gomez De Salazar, Ana Luque Gil, and Carlos Rosa-Jimenez. "How New Technologies Can Promote an Active and Healthy City. Digital Platform to Identify Areas of Informal Sport Practice in the City of Malaga." Academic Research Community publication 3, no. 2 (2019): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/archive.v3i2.506.
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In recent years the urban public space has become the largest casual sports infrastructure in cities and suburbs. WHO establishes a direct relationship between the Active Healthy City, social cohesion of communities and public space. This approach provides a framework for research and work on the design of the city and urban space as support for this sport practice. Moreover, new technologies provide an opportunity to promote the sport in the city.“Malaga Activa” digital platform project is an initiative that wants to promote the informal sport practice on the urban public space (outside the regulated sports facilities) and healthy living in the neighborhoods of the city of Malaga. This paper presents the results of the first phase of the project identifying the active sport areas in the public space -those in which physical and casual sport activities take place-. It also includes a methodology for the analisys and promotion of public space as an activator of phsycal activity, which includes a performance test of the created digital platform, as well as an assessment of the experience and possible improvements to be incorporated in the successive phases of the project.
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Wahl-Alexander, Zachary, Peter A. Hastie, and Nate Johnson. "Using a Fishing Sport Education Season to Promote Outside Engagement." Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance 89, no. 7 (2018): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2018.1490222.
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Schneider, Robert C., William F. Stier, Stephen Kampf, Brady Gaskins, and Scott G. Haines. "Club Sport Legal Liability Practices at NIRSA Institutions." Recreational Sports Journal 32, no. 1 (2008): 62–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/rsj.32.1.62.
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Current legal practices in collegiate club sport programs were studied. A 23-item questionnaire consisting primarily of close-ended questions was mailed to 563 campus recreation directors representing all six National Intramural-Recreational Sports Association (NIRSA) regions. Data obtained showed that mean club sport budgets ranged from $51,657 in Region 4 to $135,657 in Region 6, with an overall mean of $69,138 across all regions. Signing a waiver before participating was required by 91% of the directors. Lack of consistency in waiver language and font size was reported. Only 9% of campus recreation directors always require that an institutional employee travel with a club sport team. The most frequent modes of approved travel for club sport participants were students driving personal cars (94%), renting vans from outside vendors (95%), and the use of private transportation such as a chartered bus (70%). Paid coaches were used by 15% of the directors.
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Sutcliffe, Jordan T., Jordan D. Herbison, Luc J. Martin, et al. "Exploring parent-athlete sport related communication outside of the sport environment with the Electronically Activated Recorder." Psychology of Sport and Exercise 54 (May 2021): 101919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.101919.
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Skille, Eivind, and Cecilia Stenling. "Inside-out and outside-in: Applying the concept of conventions in the analysis of policy implementation through sport clubs." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 53, no. 7 (2017): 837–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690216685584.
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The aim of this article is to enrich theoretically the analysis of processes of policy implementation through sport clubs. Subsequent to reviewing previous theoretical contributions on this topic, we make the case that available conceptualizations are marked by an inside-out perspective and that they conceptually and empirically stop short at the end implementer, i.e. the sport club. Consequently, analyses of policy implementation through sport clubs have not taken into account the fact that sport clubs are distinctly local phenomena. As such, past, current and potential future participants, volunteers and local inter-organizational relationships are found in a sport club’s local community. Because of this, there is a need for a concept that provides analytical coverage of an outside-in perspective, i.e. a concept that takes into account outside actors’ conceptions of the implementing sport club and the impact their views have on the implementation process. In relation to this need, we propose the application of the concept ‘convention’. In addition to describing the concept, we exemplify the methodological and analytical implications of its use in sport policy implementation analysis.
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Sanchez-Oliva, David, Pedro Antonio Sanchez-Miguel, Francisco Miguel Leo, Florence-Emilie Kinnafick, and Tomás García-Calvo. "Physical Education Lessons and Physical Activity Intentions Within Spanish Secondary Schools: A Self-Determination Perspective." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 33, no. 2 (2014): 232–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2013-0043.
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Grounded in Self-Determination Theory, the purpose of this study was to analyze how motivational processes within Physical Education classes can predict intention to participate in sport or physical activity outside of the school curriculum. Participants included 1,692 Spanish students aged 12–16 years (M = 13.34; SD = .76) who participated in Physical Education lessons at 32 secondary schools. Structural equation modeling was used for analysis, and showed that perception of basic psychological need (BPN) support from teachers predicted autonomous and controlled motivation through BPN satisfaction. Furthermore, autonomous motivation positively predicted enjoyment, perceived importance of Physical Education, and intention to participate in sport or physical activity outside of school. Controlled motivation negatively predicted enjoyment, and amotivation positively predicted boredom. Finally, enjoyment and perceived importance of Physical Education positively predicted intention to participate in sport or physical activity outside of what was required in school. Results emphasize the importance of school based Physical Education to promote sport and physical activity participation among adolescents.
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Buckley, Patrick S., Michael C. Ciccotti, Meghan Bishop, et al. "Youth Single-Sport Specialization in Professional Baseball Players." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 3 (2020): 232596712090787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120907875.
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Background: An increasing number of youth baseball athletes are specializing in playing baseball at younger ages. Purpose: The purpose of our study was to describe the age and prevalence of single-sport specialization in a cohort of current professional baseball athletes. In addition, we sought to understand the trends surrounding single-sport specialization in professional baseball players raised within and outside the United States (US). Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A survey was distributed to male professional baseball athletes via individual team athletic trainers. Athletes were asked if and at what age they had chosen to specialize in playing baseball at the exclusion of other sports, and data were then collected pertaining to this decision. We analyzed the rate and age of specialization, the reasons for specialization, and the athlete’s perception of injuries related to specialization. Results: A total of 1673 professional baseball athletes completed the survey, representing 26 of the 30 Major League Baseball (MLB) organizations. Less than half (44.5%) of professional athletes specialized in playing a single sport during their childhood/adolescence. Those who reported specializing in their youth did so at a mean age of 14.09 ± 2.79 years. MLB players who grew up outside the US specialized at a significantly earlier age than MLB players native to the US (12.30 ± 3.07 vs 14.89 ± 2.24 years, respectively; P < .001). Additionally, MLB players raised in the US recalled a significantly higher incidence of sustaining an injury attributed to specializing in baseball than MLB athletes raised outside the US (27.7% vs 20.6%, respectively; P = .05). Conclusion: This study challenges the current trends toward early youth sport specialization, finding that the majority of professional baseball athletes studied did not specialize as youth and that those who did specialize did so at a mean age of 14 years. With the potential cumulative effects of pitching and overhead throwing on an athlete’s arm, the trend identified in this study toward earlier specialization within baseball is concerning.
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Bell, David R., Eric G. Post, Stephanie M. Trigsted, et al. "Sport Specialization Characteristics Between Rural and Suburban High School Athletes." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 6, no. 1 (2018): 232596711775138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967117751386.
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Background: Sport specialization has been associated with overuse injuries and is more common in larger high schools, which are often located in more urban/suburban settings. However, sport participation characteristics have not been compared between suburban and rural high schools. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in sport participation characteristics between athletes at suburban and rural high schools. It was hypothesized that suburban high school students would be more likely to be highly specialized, participate in more athletic competitions per year, and play in a league outside of school. We also hypothesized that suburban high school students would start playing their primary sport at a younger age, would have participated in their primary sport for longer, and would play more months per year and hours per week. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: High school athletes from 4 high schools (2 suburban and 2 rural) participated in this study (N = 354 [222 females]; mean age, 15.7 ± 1.2 years). Athletes were on a school-sponsored athletic team in 1 of 4 sports (volleyball, tennis, basketball, soccer). The suburban schools (study enrollment, n = 226) had total school enrollments of 2271 and 622 students, while the rural schools (study enrollment, n = 128) had total school enrollments of 443 and 297. Participants completed a questionnaire prior to the start of their high school sport season. The questionnaire consisted of demographic information, a sport specialization scale, and sport participation information. Primary sport competition volume in the previous 12 months was classified as high (>60 primary sport competitions), moderate (30-60), or low (<30). Sport specialization status was classified via a 3-point scale as low, moderate, or high. Results: As compared with athletes at rural schools, athletes at suburban schools started playing their primary sport at a younger age (suburban, 7.8 ± 2.9 years; rural, 9.7 ± 3.2 years; P < .001) and participated for more years (suburban, 7.9 ± 3.1 years; rural, 6.1 ± 3.3 years; P < .001), more months per year (suburban, 7.6 ± 3.6 months; rural, 5.6 ± 2.8 months; P < .001), and more hours per week (suburban, 15.2 ± 5.1 hours; rural, 12.9 ± 3.3 hours; P < .001). Athletes at suburban schools were more likely than rural athletes to be classified as highly specialized (χ2 = 52.5, P < .001), participate in more competitions (χ2 = 16.5, P < .001), play in a league outside of school (χ2 = 18.4, P < .001), and train in their primary sport for >8 months per year (χ2 = 27.8, P < .001) and >16 hours per week (χ2 = 15.0, P < .001). Conclusion: High school athletes at suburban schools are more likely to exhibit sport participation patterns that are associated with increased risk of overuse injury. These include being classified as highly specialized, playing their primary sport >8 months per year and >16 hours per week, engaging in a high competition volume, and participating in a sport league (eg, club) outside of school. Efforts aimed at safe sport participation should target these groups, as they seem more likely to violate safe sport recommendations.
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Moghadas, Mostafa, Farzam Farzan, and Hamid Ghasemi. "The performance analysis of Islamic republic of Iran broadcasting (IRIB) in comparison with foreign selected channels in the field of sports." International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology 7, no. 1 (2017): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22631/ijaep.v7i1.241.
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The purpose of this study was to analyze the performance of Islamic republic of Iran broadcasting (IRIB) in comparison with foreign selected channels in the field of sports. The methodology of the present study is descriptive in terms of strategy and content analysis in terms of method. The statistical population of the study includes all channels that are involved in production of sport programs inside and outside of the country. Two non-sport channels and two sport channels that covered night and day sport events were selected as the samples of the study. The Tv3 channel and Sport Channel from Iran and ZDF and Ray Sport 1 channel from Germany have been selected as the samples for the test. The instrument used for data collection in this study was coded sheet used for analyzing the content of the programs broadcasting by these channels. Face and content validity of coded sheet confirmed by three experts and its reliability confirmed by agreement coefficient of Scott π (0/86). The results of the study showed that different TV channels in terms of content, function and coverage of sport programs are different based on functional roles. Therefore, broadcasting organization must develop comprehensive and codified programming for broadcasting sport programs and its coverage.
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Singh, Abhinava S., and Mayur Shah. "Tata trusts: positively and sustainably contributing to the development of sport in India." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 11, no. 2 (2021): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-09-2020-0333.
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Learning outcomes The learning outcomes are to sensitise with the cause of sport development in India; to familiarize with the concepts of SDGs and sport development continuum in context of the Tata Trusts work in sports (Sports Portfolio); to relate strategy concepts of resources, SWOT analysis, cooperative implications, Carroll's CSR pyramid and Porter-Kramer strategic corporate social performance and shared value framework of inside-out and outside-in linkages with the Sports Portfolio strategy at the Tata Trusts; and to link sport development concepts like sport and development, sports development continuum and capacity building with the Sports Portfolio work at the Tata Trusts. Case overview/synopsis The case explores the sport and development issues faced by Ms Neelam Babardesai, Head of Sports Portfolio, Tata Trusts in Mumbai, India. The Trusts had a long history of contributing to the development of sport in India and looked forward to aligning their work in the sport with the United Nations (UN) sustainable development goals (SDGs). They started Sports Portfolio in 2016–2017 intending to complement their work in education and generate positive socio-economic change at the grassroots (local community) level in India. They also had the resources to implement the programmes. However, they were faced with issues like the deficiency of physical literacy in schools resulting in the disinterest of children and parents in sport and physical activity, which also might lead to health issues, later in life, minimal cooperation between entities involved with sport and development, lack of structured sports programmes and skilled human resources and the national sports policy needing better details and implementation and follow-up plans in India. Their strategic response was based on the use of a “sports development pyramid”, capacity building, alignment with the SDGs and complementary partnerships and collaborations. What were the outcomes? Should they continue with the same strategic approach? What should be their future course of action for sport and development? How should they respond to the COVID-19 crisis? Ms Babardesai reflected upon the above questions while concluding that India needed a long-term strategy for the development of sport. Complexity Academic Level The case is intended to be taught in the class of strategic management for postgraduate or master's level participants of business administration for concepts like resources, SWOT analysis, cooperative implications, corporate social responsibility (CSR), shared value and introducing the concept of the UN SDGs (SDGs), capacity building and sports development continuum (sports development domain) in context of the Indian sports scenario. The case should be equally useful in teaching relevant courses related to sports management and development. It may also be used for courses related to development studies and sustainability at the master’s level. The case may also be used by practitioners and researchers associated with sport and development/sports development and SDGs. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy
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Bartoluci, Mato. "Role of sport and recreation in the development of Croatian tourism." Tourism and hospitality management 1, no. 2 (1995): 253–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.1.2.3.
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Tourism in Croatia is on the turning point of its development. War devastation in Croatia negatively affected tourism. The process of restoration of Croatian tourism should not only renovate the ruined tourist facilities, but it should also overcome the disadvantages of the past development of tourism. One of the important factors of the variety and quality of tourist offer are sports-recreational activities and programmes which provide the possibility of active rest and recreation. In Croatian tourism, the sports-recreational offer has reached a certain level of development, but this offer is primarily oriented towards mass tourism. The policy of the development of Croatian tourism, which is directed towards strengthening of qualitative factors of tourist offer, expresses the need of innovating the sports-recreational offer which will be compatible with the new quality of Croatian tourism. This paper treats tourism and sport as interrelated fields, and emphasizes the factors of their interdependence. A short survey of historical interdependence of tourism and sport is also given in this paper. The role of sport in modern tourism is rather significant, because it becomes one of the essential motives for travelling to certain tourist destinations. The role of sport in tourism is manifested through numerous functions that are common to sport and tourism. These functions are: the health function, educational function, socio-political function and economic functions. Sport and recreation, apart from the fact that they enrich the tourist offer, often become the main motive for travelling to certain tourist destinations. Such trips represent a special selective type of tourism - the sports-recreational tourism. Apart from humanistic functions, sports-recreational tourism is the creator of certain economic values. The economic effects of sport in tourism are realized within tourist organizations, but also outside tourism (sporting equipment industry, building, handicraft trades, trade, etc.). This paper also gives the survey of the achieved economic effects of sport and recreation in Croatian tourism on the basis of several indicators: the number of the realized "sports room/nights", the number of users of sports-recreational services, and the achieved profit from sports-recreational services. These indicators also confirm the thesis that the sports-recreational services are an income-oriented category. The paper concludes with the evaluation of development possibilities of sports-recreational tourism in Croatia.
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Cooky, Cheryl, Faye L. Wachs, Michael Messner, and Shari L. Dworkin. "It’s Not About the Game: Don Imus, Race, Class, Gender and Sexuality in Contemporary Media." Sociology of Sport Journal 27, no. 2 (2010): 139–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.27.2.139.
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Using intersectionality and hegemony theory, we critically analyze mainstream print news media’s response to Don Imus’ exchange on the 2007 NCAA women’s basketball championship game. Content and textual analysis reveals the following media frames: “invisibility and silence”; “controlling images versus women’s self-definitions”; and, “outside the frame: social issues in sport and society.” The paper situates these media frames within a broader societal context wherein 1) women’s sports are silenced, trivialized and sexualized, 2) media representations of African-American women in the U. S. have historically reproduced racism and sexism, and 3) race and class relations differentially shape dominant understandings of African-American women’s participation in sport. We conclude that news media reproduced monolithic understandings of social inequality, which lacked insight into the intersecting nature of oppression for women, both in sport and in the United States.
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Pfau, Christa. "Sporting habits of students at the University of debrecen Centre for Agricultural Sciences." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 58 (April 8, 2014): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/58/1988.
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In 2007, a new sport strategy was implemented, (XXI National Sportstrategy), which analyses the current conditions in recreational sports in Hungary and describes its developmental potentials. Additionally, last year a new concept for university sport was introduced (Hajos Alfred Program), having as its most important goal, to develop the recreational sporting activities within the universities’ environment. The latter is of high importance, as this is the last period, when, on an institutional level, we can establish and enhance the need for physical activity among young generations. In this study recreational sport is analysed in the University of Debrecen Faculty of Applied Economics and Rural Development. The purpose of the study was to analyse data on the sporting habits of the faculty students, their preference of where they like to exercise, within or outside of the university campus, and the reasons which can be found behind these preferences. Moreover, this study aimed to evaluate the service quality offered in university recreational sports. Data collection was completed on a paper based questionnaire, 42 closed-type questions were included and a total of 123 students completed it. Based on the results, college students usually complete their competitive level sport activity when they enter college and they continue this activity on a recreational level. Almost two third of them choose to exercise in places outside of the university campus. For those who choose university facilities for their recreational exercise, they do so because; it is usually cheaper and closer to access. In the service quality results we see, that females are less satisfied with teaching staff quality than males, it may be possible that females need more and more effective implementations in order for the universities to better satisfy their needs for physical activity.
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Kosiewicz, Jerzy. "New Paradigm: Science on Aggression with Sport in the Background." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 67, no. 1 (2015): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pcssr-2015-0022.
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Abstract In this work, the author focuses in particular on aggressive behavior in competitive sports (highly ranked professional, spectator, and Olympic sports) and on the behavior of fans accompanying sporting events. Aggression in sports, when considered from the point of view of the regulations in specific disciplines, has two main variants. The first variant is necessary aggression, which is both instrumental and non-instrumental and is potential in the sense that it allows the manifestation of emotions which are not outlined in the rules of the discipline. Thus, aggression is considered necessary when it results from the rules of a given sport. The second form of aggression is a non-instrumental and unpredictable aggression which is of an emotional origin. It is reactive, characterized by anger, and aims to cause harm. It is not stimulated by the rules of a given sport, but on the contrary is restricted and punished by the rules. The author also points out that the aggressive behavior of fans before, during, and outside a sporting event will never be necessary in this respect because the rules, guidelines, or specific regulations of a sport apply to the behavior of players, not fans. Therefore, their aggression is potential, emotional, planned, or spontaneous, but never necessary.
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Wyznikiewicz-Nawracala, Anita. "Differences between Sport Active and Non-Sport Active Women." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 7, no. 1 (1998): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.7.1.125.
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The reasons for reported low sport activity of Polish women usually have been explained by too many responsibilities at work outside the home and at home. Yet, with the introduction of aerobics into Poland women apparently have had to overcome these hindrances. Other factors are assumed to be decisive reasons for physically active women in their mature years rather than the reasons which, up to now, were accepted as facts.The purpose of this study was to identify the factors differentiating women who are active in sport and women who are not interested in sport but take care of their body spending holidays at spas.The investigation was based on an interview, including a questionnaire to evaluate opinions on health and feelings. The questionnaire consisted of the following areas: personal data, occupation, level of education, health problems and sport activities practiced in youth.There are many factors related to why women are physically active, but the main influence comes from how active they were in their younger years. The financial status and lack of time only make a difference with respect to what kind of sport is practiced; it does not affect whether or not a sport is practiced.
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Silva Dias, Teresa, Katerina Novotná, Helder Zimmermann Oliveira, et al. "Why talented athletes drop out from sport? The Portuguese and Czech case." Education + Training 60, no. 5 (2018): 473–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/et-12-2017-0207.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to perceive the perspective of Portuguese and Czech’ talented athletes regarding: the main reasons pointed to drop out of sport, putting into analysis motivational factors; the conciliation of School and Sport, and how the organization of schools and sports contexts are articulated in relation to the training and promotion of students, athletes and citizens; and the contributions (positive/negative) of sports to daily life and society. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a qualitative approach to interview eight talented athletes from different sports that had to drop out the practice of sport and explores their narratives regarding experiences and the relational dynamics between sports contexts and schools. Findings Athletes identify factors that led to drop out: the coach profile or the methodology and dynamics of practicing/training; time consuming; and the impossibility of reconciling sports with school/job. Athletes can identify the sport’s culture, self-development and health being as positive contributions of sports, whereas injuries were referred as the main negative factor of sport. As proposal of changes, athletes referred to the need of a more professional organization of the sport contexts and to more proximity between school policies and sport policies allowing conciliating both. Research limitations/implications One limitation that could be pointed to this research is the difference between the Czech and Portuguese socio-cultural and political situation, not only in the concept and organization of sports activities (since scholar years) but also in the general society. This difference could have more visibility when interpreting the data that led to this fact referred above. Practical implications It is recommended a more proximity relationship between researchers and the contexts of practice (sport contexts) being that it is important that these contexts should have feedback from the investigations carried out. Only in this way coaches, federations and confederations can be aware of the motivational factors that lead to talented athletes drop out, and make a greater investment in initial formation of the coaches and propose policies that try to establish partnerships with schools or professional contexts which could help the management of athletes’ times outside of sport. Originality/value Departing from the athletes’ feelings, concerns and motivations related to sport and the reasons that led to their drop out, we argue for the definition of public policies, in both countries, that promote non-discrimination of young people who wish to maintain a path linked to sports in articulation with other areas of their lives.
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Ekholm, David, and Magnus Dahlstedt. "(Re)forming the Inside/Outside: On Place as a Governable Domain through Sports-Based Interventions." Social Inclusion 8, no. 3 (2020): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v8i3.2688.
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This article draws attention to two sports-based interventions carried out as part of the Midnight Football initiative and the places where they are conducted in two suburban areas in Sweden. Rather than approaching geographic place as simply a background and a context for sport-based interventions, we put place in the spotlight, scrutinising the very formation of place and its productive role in governing social policy. In line with a Foucauldian approach, and based on interviews and ethnographic fieldwork, the aim of the article is to explore how the specific localities where interventions take place are formed as governable domains. The analysis shows how place is constituted in association with sport sites, local youth outreach and recruiting coaches. These places are made distinct from the rest of the surrounding cities via material and symbolic borders, directing the movement of people within the urban geography. These differentiations underpin attributions of the areas in terms of otherness and exclusion from the rest of society, localising a variety of problematisations to the demarcated areas. Furthermore, the places are demarcated as being filled with danger, intertwined with narratives challenging such a discourse. In conclusion, the findings enable us not only to scrutinise how specific meanings are attributed to place and how place is formed, but also to explore the performative and governable potential of place.
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Forrest, David, and Ian G. McHale. "Using statistics to detect match fixing in sport." IMA Journal of Management Mathematics 30, no. 4 (2019): 431–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imaman/dpz008.
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AbstractMatch fixing is a growing threat to the integrity of sport, facilitated by new online in-play betting markets sufficiently liquid to allow substantial profits to be made from manipulating an event. Screens to detect a fix employ in-play forecasting models whose predictions are compared in real-time with observed betting odds on websites around the world. Suspicions arise where model odds and market odds diverge. We provide real examples of monitoring for football and tennis matches and describe how suspicious matches are investigated by analysts before a final assessment of how likely it was that a fix took place is made. Results from monitoring driven by this application of forensic statistics have been accepted as primary evidence at cases in the Court of Arbitration for Sport, leading more sports outside football and tennis to adopt this approach to detecting and preventing manipulation.
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Leonard, David J. "Book review: Sports in Society: Issues and Controversies, The Sociology of Sports: An Introduction, Sport in Contemporary Society: An Anthology, Sociological Perspectives on Sport: The Games Outside the Games and Sociology of North American Sport." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 51, no. 1 (2015): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690215617759.
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Park, Seong-Hee, Jae-Pil Ha, and Daniel Mahony. "Development and Validation of a Measure of Sport Fans’ Specific Curiosity." Journal of Sport Management 28, no. 6 (2014): 621–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2013-0198.
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While there is a relatively rich literature measuring curiosity outside of sport, there is little research on measuring sport fans’ curiosity. Based on Berlyne’s (1960) two dimensions of curiosity, the current research project aimed to develop a reliable and valid measurement scale for sport fans’ specific curiosity. Convenience samples of university students were used. Three studies were used to develop the 11-item Sport Fan Specific Curiosity Scale (SFSCS) was developed. Specifically, the SFSCS consisted of three factors: specific information (5 items), general information (3 items), and sport facility information (3 items). The SFSCS was found to be a reliable and valid scale to measure sport fans’ specific curiosity. The scale should be useful in predicting aspects of sport fan behavior for sport fans at various stages.
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Deakin, Naomi D., Thomas Cronin, Paul Trafford, et al. "Concussion in motor sport: A medical literature review and engineering perspective." Journal of Concussion 1 (January 2017): 205970021773391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059700217733916.
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‘WARNING: motor sport can be dangerous’. The spectrum of head injuries in motor sport has shifted dramatically in recent decades, fuelled by advances in medicine and engineering. Despite these successes, there are growing public and professional concerns regarding concussion in motor sport. This review appraises the published literature concerning concussion in motor sport, with particular focus on the current medical and technical challenges in the field. The incidence and assessment of concussion in motor sport is discussed, in addition to modifiable risk factors within and outside the automobile environment. Lastly, areas for further research and development are outlined.
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Bochaver, K. A., and L. M. Dovzhik. "Psychological Risks and the End of Career in the Event of Injury in High Performance Sport: Analysis of Cases." Консультативная психология и психотерапия 27, no. 4 (2019): 136–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2019270409.
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The paper presents the psychological aspect of sports injury in high performance sport. The significance of injury manifests itself in the disruption of everyday life, pain, discomfort, and stress, as well as the accompanying existential experiences. On the one hand, injury appears to be a routine and frequent component of the sports profession; on the other hand, its importance is enormous, and an injured athlete can end his/her professional trajectory without being able to become successful and prosperous in life outside of sport. The work emphasized four cases from the authors’ practice. They demonstrate that a high level of perfectionism and internality in the experience of injury can manifest itself in self-blame and internal conflict; successful post-traumatic growth requires a supporting environment. We indicate the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to intervention when all the key specialists and the close ones are involved in the psychological recovery of an athlete.
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Evans, Adam B. "Research impact in the sociology of sport: views from stakeholders outside academia." European Journal for Sport and Society 17, no. 3 (2020): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2020.1737447.
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Slepička, Pavel, and Jiří Mudrák. "Psychosociální aspekty rizikového chování sportujících dětí." Studia sportiva 7, no. 2 (2013): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/sts2013-2-10.
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In present overview study, we focus on some possible risk factors in child and youth sport. In the overview of contemporary research focusing on doping, violence and fair play, we show how the norms of contemporary competitive sport emphasizing results, maximal performance and victory at all cost may support risk behavior in sporting children and youth, such as doping abuse, inappropriate aggression, or breaking rules and fair play. It seems that this risk behavior is not limited only to the context of sport but translates also in the life outside sport.
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Knapik, Derrick M., Katherine H. Rizzone, and James E. Voos. "Timing and Reasons Behind Single-Sport Specialization in Soccer: A Survey of 64 Major League Soccer Athletes." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 12, no. 4 (2020): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738120911373.
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Background: Single-sport specialization at the exclusion of other sports has become increasingly popular in youth sporting culture. The purpose of this study was to survey Major League Soccer (MLS) athletes to examine factors influencing the timing of single-sport specialization in soccer. Hypothesis: The majority of surveyed athletes will have participated in multiple sports prior to specialization and specialized primarily as a result of a coach’s recommendation, with no significant impact on specialization timing stemming from birth or high school location, obtaining a collegiate scholarship, MLS experience, or position. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: Anonymous surveys were distributed to 3 MLS organizations and completed by MLS athletes during preseason physicals. Surveys evaluated the age and reason(s) behind an athlete’s decision to specialize in soccer, birth location, geographic high school location for US-born athletes, participation in a developmental league, college scholarship, years in the MLS, and position played. Results: Approximately 74% (64/86) of athletes returned completed surveys. Athletes reported beginning soccer at a mean age of 5.1 ± 2.1 years and specializing at age 12.6 ± 4.3 years. Athletes who participated in no other sports prior to specialization ( P < 0.001), athletes reporting soccer to be their first sport played at an advanced level ( P < 0.001), and athletes receiving a college scholarship ( P = 0.02) specialized at a significantly younger age. Internationally born athletes specialized at significantly younger ages when compared with US-born athletes ( P < 0.001). Conclusion: The majority of athletes participated in multiple sports prior to specialization and eventually specialized to focus exclusively on soccer. The timing of sport specialization in professional MLS athletes was not associated with multisport participation prior to specialization, playing soccer at an advanced level prior to other sports, receiving a college scholarship, or being born outside the United States. Clinical Relevance: Timing of sport specialization is associated with multiple factors prior to athlete promotion to the MLS that warrant further investigation to better understand the impact of specialization on injury incidence, performance, and career length.
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Post, Eric G., David R. Bell, Stephanie M. Trigsted, et al. "Association of Competition Volume, Club Sports, and Sport Specialization With Sex and Lower Extremity Injury History in High School Athletes." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 9, no. 6 (2017): 518–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738117714160.
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Background: High school athletes are increasingly encouraged to participate in 1 sport year-round to increase their sport skills. However, no study has examined the association of competition volume, club sport participation, and sport specialization with sex and lower extremity injury (LEI) in a large sample of high school athletes. Hypothesis: Increased competition volume, participating on a club team outside of school sports, and high levels of specialization will all be associated with a history of LEI. Girls will be more likely to engage in higher competition volume, participate on a club team, and be classified as highly specialized. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: High school athletes completed a questionnaire prior to the start of their competitive season regarding their sport participation and previous injury history. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to investigate associations of competition volume, club sport participation, and sport specialization with history of LEI, adjusting for sex. Results: A cohort of 1544 high school athletes (780 girls; grades 9-12) from 29 high schools completed the questionnaire. Girls were more likely to participate at high competition volume (23.2% vs 11.0%, χ2 = 84.7, P < 0.001), participate on a club team (61.2% vs 37.2%, χ2 = 88.3, P < 0.001), and be highly specialized (16.4% vs 10.4%, χ2 = 19.7, P < 0.001). Athletes with high competition volume, who participated in a club sport, or who were highly specialized had greater odds of reporting a previous LEI than those with low competition volume (odds ratio [OR], 2.08; 95% CI, 1.55-2.80; P < 0.001), no club sport participation (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.20-1.88; P < 0.001), or low specialization (OR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.88-3.54; P < 0.001), even after adjusting for sex. Conclusion: Participating in high sport volume, on a club team, or being highly specialized was associated with history of LEI. Girls were more likely to participate at high volumes, be active on club teams, or be highly specialized, potentially placing them at increased risk of injury. Clinical Relevance: Youth athletes, parents, and clinicians should be aware of the potential risks of intense, year-round participation in organized sports.