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Legg, Kylie A., Jenny F. Weston, Erica K. Gee, Charlotte F. Bolwell, Janis P. Bridges, and Chris W. Rogers. "Characteristics of Endurance Competitions and Risk Factors for Elimination in New Zealand during Six Seasons of Competition (2010/11–2015/16)." Animals 9, no. 9 (August 27, 2019): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9090611.
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The welfare of horses in endurance competitions has been the focus of recent media attention. Epidemiological studies have examined the sport at the international (FEI) level. However, much of the participation in the sport occurs at a national level in preparation for FEI level competition. The aims of this study were to describe participation in, and risk factors for elimination, from New Zealand endurance competitions. Data were collated from all endurance competitions (≥40 km) held in New Zealand during the 2010/11–2015/16 competition seasons. There were 6885 starts (n = 775 horses, n = 665 riders), horses had a median age of 9 years (IQR 6.2–10.0) and had a median of 3 (IQR 2–5) starts per season. Accumulated ride distance per season per horse decreased from a median of 240 km/horse (IQR 120–440) in 2010/11 to 180 km/horse (IQR 80–320) in 2015/16. Ride entries were dominated by the 40 km (n = 2834, 41%) and 80 km (n = 2517, 37%) distances. Eliminations increased with ride distance, from 7% in 40 km rides to 53% in the 160 km rides. Lameness accounted for the majority of eliminations (64%). The odds of elimination due to lameness were significantly associated with ride distance, location (North or South island) and time of year. The 11% of starters eliminated for metabolic reasons of the horse had increased odds of elimination associated with horse age, ride distance, location and time of year.
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Janczarek, I., A. Bereznowski, and K. Strzelec. "The influence of selected factors and sport results of endurance horses on their saliva cortisol concentration." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 16, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 533–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjvs-2013-0074.
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Abstract The aim of the study was to define the influence of the selected factors (gender, age, transportation time, riding distance and air temperature during the ride) on the cortisol secretion and finding a correlation between the hormone level and the horses’ sport results (veterinary parameters and the ride route parameters). The research was performed on 38 Arabian pure breed horses taking part in the endurance rides. The cortisol level was measured with enzyme-immunological method in saliva samples, taken four times from each horse. In order to verify the differences between the mean results the repeated measures design was applied. The significance of the differences between the mean values was determined by the Tukey test. To evaluate the interrelations between the analysed attributes Pearson’s correlation analysis was applied. The cortisol level at rest was not affected by any of the analysed factors. In case of other results, the most significant influence (P ≤ 0.05) was related to the gender, as well as the ride distance and air temperature during the ride. Higher cortisol level was noted in mares, horses running the longest distances and at the highest temperatures. A significant increase in the cortisol level was noted when the ride distance was longer. There were no clear correlation between the adrenal cortex activity and the veterinary parameters at different riding speed. High cortisol concentration can negatively affect the heart rate (HR) by increasing it, but it can simultaneously stimulate the body to fight dehydration.
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Lamperd, W., D. Clarke, I. Wolframm, and J. Williams. "What makes an elite equestrian rider?" Comparative Exercise Physiology 12, no. 3 (September 15, 2016): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep160011.
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Eight international riders from Olympic equestrian disciplines, participated in semi-structured interviews investigating developmental factors which they felt had helped them achieve and retain elite status. Key factors were present across the variable rider journeys to elite status. Riders demonstrated a natural aptitude for horse sports, a desire to learn combined with exposure to environments which fostered confidence and skill development: access to elite and developmental horses, observing elite riders, access to coaches and parental support. Riders consistently questioned the status quo of their practice: through partnerships with multiple horses, self-development and horse-development, and were motivated and driven, with a clear belief that they would achieve success; attributes that remain once elite status was achieved. Success appears initially motivated by participation in equine sports for fun and as rider investment was rewarded by winning, with associated financial benefits. When elite status is attained, motivation and definitions of success become focused more upon the relationship with their horse and the constant challenge of developing their own and their horses’ skills. Elite status appears associated with a successful philosophy that underpins rider’ practice: the way riders’ think, ride, train and run their business, underpinned by distinct individual philosophies. These factors combined help riders remain successful at the highest level of their sport.
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Corno, Matteo, Stefano Bottelli, Mara Tanelli, Cristiano Spelta, and Sergio M. Savaresi. "Active Control of Aerodynamic Surfaces for Ride Control in Sport Vehicles." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 47, no. 3 (2014): 7553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20140824-6-za-1003.01546.
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Ricciardi, Vincenzo, Valentin Ivanov, Miguel Dhaens, Bert Vandersmissen, Marc Geraerts, Dzmitry Savitski, and Klaus Augsburg. "Ride Blending Control for Electric Vehicles." World Electric Vehicle Journal 10, no. 2 (May 31, 2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj10020036.
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Vehicles equipped with in-wheel motors (IWMs) feature advanced control functions that allow for enhanced vehicle dynamics and stability. However, these improvements occur to the detriment of ride comfort due to the increased unsprung mass. This study investigates the driving comfort enhancement in electric vehicles that can be achieved through blended control of IWMs and active suspensions (ASs). The term “ride blending”, coined in a previous authors’ work and herein retained, is proposed by analogy with the brake blending to identify the blended action of IWMs and ASs. In the present work, the superior performance of the ride blending control is demonstrated against several driving manoeuvres typically used for the evaluation of the ride quality. The effectiveness of the proposed ride blending control is confirmed by the improved key performance indexes associated with driving comfort and active safety. The simulation results refer to the comparison of the conventional sport utility vehicle (SUV) equipped with a passive suspension system and its electric version provided with ride blending control. The simulation analysis is conducted with an experimentally validated vehicle model in CarMaker® and MATLAB/Simulink co-simulation environment including high-fidelity vehicle subsystems models.
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ORiordan, Maeve. "‘We … galloped hard and straight over some big stone gaps’: Freedom of the Hunt for Elite Women in Ireland, 1860-1914." Studies in Arts and Humanities 7, no. 1 (June 3, 2021): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18193/sah.v7i1.200.
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Hunting was an elite social pastime accessible to both men and women, of the correct social class, throughout the period 1860-1914. Female involvement in this sport preceded their widespread involvement in other sports and pastimes such as tennis and cycling. This article explores the contradictions inherent in women’s involvement in this masculine sport. The sport demanded that participants display contemporary masculine characteristics of bravery, strength, and independence, and yet it was open to both married and unmarried women of the gentry and ascendancy class in Ireland. The sport was a dangerous one, and considerable skill was demanded of all participants. However, daughters of hunting families were not persuaded against joining the hunt, and were instead encouraged to display the necessary skill and competitiveness to ride a horse side-saddle cross-country at speed; jumping stone walls and banks along the way. It was the norm for women to wear adapted dress modelled on masculine hunting attire, however this dress did not diminish their perceived femininity, and was perceived by some in hunting circles as the most alluring form of female dress. The article explores the numbers of women involved in the sport during the period utilising both contemporary fiction and directories. It also provides a case study of one woman’s experience as she partook of the hunt while also battling long term ill health; challenging the contemporary notion of women as inherently weak and unable for rigorous physical activity.
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Lindner, A. "Applied sport science for horses trained in Germany for endurance ride races." Pferdeheilkunde Equine Medicine 26, no. 2 (2010): 255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21836/pem20100223.
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Tamminen, Katherine A., Zoe A. Poucher, and Victoria Povilaitis. "The car ride home: An interpretive examination of parent–athlete sport conversations." Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology 6, no. 4 (November 2017): 325–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/spy0000093.
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Saefulloh, Ahmad, Razali Razali, and Sari Famularsih. "RELIGION, EDUCATION, AND SPORTS: INTERNALIZATION OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION VALUES IN MAHATMA SPORTS." AKADEMIKA: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam 24, no. 2 (February 24, 2020): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.32332/akademika.v24i2.1922.
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This article analyzes the need to internalize the values of Islamic education in sports. One of the sports that promotes Islamic values is Mahatma. Facts on the ground show that sports that develop in the midst of society today do not prioritize spiritual health only prioritizing physical health alone, while spiritual health also needs attention. So that this discussion is well directed, the authors focus the problem of discussion on how to internalize the values of Islamic education in Mahatma sports. The study was conducted at the Ministry of Religion in Padang, located at Jl. Duku No.5 Ujung Gurun, Padang Barat District Padang West Sumatra. The purpose of this study is to look at the efforts of sports participants in internalizing the value of Islamic education in every sports movement, it is necessary to have a detailed assessment of the stages of inculcation. This research is a descriptive qualitative research that is describing and interpreting objects as they are and analyzing them using scientific methods. Data collection by observation, direct interviews and documentation. The technique used in data analysis is data display, data reduction and conclusions carried out with snowballsampling techniques. The data validity technique uses source triangulation. The results showed that the internalization of Islamic education values for Mahatma sports members was through the establishment of rules of dress, ablution, reciting Istighfar, Al-Fatiah, praying, breathing, remembrance, blessing, friendly smile and the emergence of mutual forgiveness. Through internalization, the impact resulting from Mahatma's sport on health is not only physical health, it also increases gratitude, sincerity, serenity, and draws closer to Allah SWT. Constraints on the field were found that this sport does not yet have its own place as a sports center so that the implementation of the sport still hitched a ride in another agency, namely the Ministry of Religion and MTsN Model Padang City
Keywords: nternalization, Islamic Education, and Mahatma Sports
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Dyer, Robert F., and Rolando P. Irizarry. "Point Two USA: Marketing an Innovation in Equestrian Safety." Case Studies in Sport Management 3, no. 1 (January 2014): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/cssm.2014-0021.
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Safety is a growing concern in all sports, with the equestrian sector statistically more dangerous than most. Point Two USA hopes to make horse riding and competition a safer sport for all ages, riding levels, and disciplines with its innovative air vests, which use an inflatable air bag similar to those required in modern automobiles. Air vests are used to reduce the severity and frequency of injuries; however, no technology or equipment can eliminate all injuries associated with horse riding. After a strong entry in the United Kingdom in 2009, Point Two needs to formulate a comprehensive marketing plan for the larger U.S. market to expand its customer base to anyone getting on a horse who desires a safer ride. Its U.S. subsidiary has been primarily marketing with the same approaches used in the United Kingdom, heavily targeting English saddle riders in specific riding disciplines, such as eventing and dressage, both amateur and professional. The challenge for Point Two is how it can make headway in more mainstream riding markets, including recreation or pleasure riders, novice riders, and those who ride using Western saddles, which is very popular in the United States.
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Zachwieja, Jeffrey J., David L. Costill, Glenn C. Beard, Robert A. Robergs, David D. Pascoe, and Dawn E. Anderson. "The Effects of a Carbonated Carbohydrate Drink on Gastric Emptying, Gastrointestinal Distress, and Exercise Performance." International Journal of Sport Nutrition 2, no. 3 (September 1992): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.2.3.239.
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To determine the effect of a carbonated carbohydrate (CHO) drink on gastric function and exercise performance, eight male cyclists completed four 120- min bouts of cycling. Each bout consisted of a 105-min ride at 70%followed by a 15-min self-paced performance ride. During each trial, one of four test solutions was ingested: carbonated CHO (C-10%), noncarbonated CHO (NC-10%), carbonated non-CHO (C), and noncarbonated non-CHO (NC). Following the performance ride, the subjects had their stomach contents removed by aspiration. There were no significant differences in gastric emptying (GE) except for Trial C-10%, which averaged 13.3% less than NC. However, there was no difference in the perception of gastrointestinal comfort between this trial and any other. Average power output during the performance ride was not significantly different between carbonated and noncarbonated trials, or between CHO-fed and no-CHO trials; however, the subjects worked at a greater intensity when fed CHO. Finally, acid base status did not change when a carbonated drink was ingested. This indicates that adding carbonation to a sport drink does not significantly alter gastric function, the perception of GI comfort, or exercise performance.
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Gastaldi Orquin, E., and GM Gastaldi Llorens. "SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CLAVICULAR FRACTURES IN SPORT." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 6, no. 6_suppl3 (June 1, 2018): 2325967118S0004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967118s00047.
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Clavicular fractures are common in sport practice, they are easily diagnosed and have a relative good forecast. Nevertheless there is no consensus among orthopedic surgeons regarding treatment for displaced midle-third clavicular fractures (Robinson’s classification 2B2) and lateral-third fractures. The tendency toward operative treatment is increasing due to the earlier sport recovery. Objectives: The aim of the paper is to present the results of treatment of 98 clavicular fractures in the Clinic Gastaldi of Traumatology during the period from 1997 to 2016, analyzing the radiologic and clinical results. Methods: The serie consists of 89 patients, 80 males and 9 females, average age 32.2 years. From them, 89 were agude fractures and 9 nonunion (after conservative treatment). According to the Thomsom classification there were 82 middle-third and 16 lateral-third. Motorbike sport trauma was the cause of 49 patients (55%), bike trauma in 18 (20%), 18 (20%) fractures occurred due to contact sports and 3 other causes. All patients were surgically treated. We used an antero-superior approach, open reduction and internal fixation with antero-superior plate osteosynthesis. In case of nonunion we decorticated the fracture callus, adding intramedullary reaming and graft bone. PRP (Platelet Rich-Plasma) was used in 8/9 patients. Postoperatively, the patients were placed in a sling. After that they began a rehabilitation program that consists of isometrics, pendular and active movements until 45° during 3 weeks. From 4th to 6th week, active movements until 90°. The patients began free movements after the 6th week. Results: Fracture healing mean was 10 weeks. Bikes and motorbikes were able to ride again between 10 to 21 days after surgery (once removed stitches). All patients retrieved full shoulder range of motion and returned to their previous activity level. Complications: we had no nonunion rates after surgical treatment, neither infections. 1 case of insufficient plate fixation and 4 re-fractures which required surgical treatment. Conclusion: We suggest surgical treatment for clavicular fractures in adult patients, contact sports with IIB and IIIB fractures, re-fractures and painful nonunion. Surgical treatment with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of displaced middle-third clavicular fractures achieved shorter time to complete return to sport and earlier bone union.
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NUGROHO, Rianto Ardi, Sugiyanto, and Muchsin DOEWES. "The effect of Solo last friday ride as a sport community in Solo." International Journal of Recreation and Sports Science 2, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.46463/ijrss.403156.
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Shahein, Ahmed H., Atef A. Ata, Eman H. Haraz, and Bassuny M. El-Souhily. "Vibration suppression of terrains irregularities using active aerodynamic surface for half-car model sport vehicles." Journal of Vibration and Control 26, no. 23-24 (March 19, 2020): 2148–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546320915316.
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Riding quality is considered a key element in automotive industry which imposes a challenge on car manufacturers to develop new alternative control strategies for the classical suspension system. To this extent, many efforts have been carried out on developing several active or semi-active suspension systems. In the past few years, the decreasing cost of electromechanical actuators has, however, opened new trends to face this challenge. Active aerodynamic surfaces (spoilers) represent an alternative and effective solution to the issue. Two contradicting criteria of good vehicle suspension performance are typically their ability to provide good road handling and increase passengers comfort. The main disturbance affecting these two criteria is terrain irregularities. Active suspension control systems reduce these undesirable effects by isolating car body motion from vibrations at the wheels. In this article, we are trying to investigate the use of active aerodynamic surfaces to enhance ride comfort in sport vehicles for half car model. The article describes also the model and controller used in the study and discusses the vehicle response results obtained from a typical road sinusoidal signal input. The effect of active aerodynamic surfaces could enhance the ride comfort by (15%) without affecting road holding.
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Baraniak, Maciej. "“Kumoterki”, tradition, sport and cultural heritage." Sport i Turystyka. Środkowoeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe 4, no. 1 (2021): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/sit.2021.04.04.
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In the dialect of Polish Tatra highlanders the word “kumoterki” indicates a small two-person sleigh traditionally harnessed to one horse. It is derived from the word “kumotrzy” which is godparents who used the horse team to get with a newborn baby to church to have the child baptised.Since the mid-19th-century horse-drawn sleighs used by Tatra highlanders have been the masterpieces of woodcarving art. A lot of attention has been paid to the precision of workmanship, the choice of material and ornamentation. Initially, they were used as the means of transport during snowy winters in the Polish Tatra region. During the Interwar period, due to the development of mass motorization, horse-drawn sleighs lost their utilitarian character and people started to use them in racing events. The first horse-drawn sleigh race took place in Zakopane in 1929. It was an annual event until 1939. After World War 2, horse-drawn sleigh races were reactivated in 1962 in Zakopane and after that, after a few-year break, in 1972 in Bukowina Tatrzańska.In the 1970s horse-drawn sleigh races were treated mostly as social events and folk festivities rather than sports competitions. Horses that took part in the races at that time were used to work mainly on the farmland and were not specially prepared for the races. This situation changed completely at the beginning of the 1990s after sport horses had been brought to Podhale. Since then horse-drawn sleigh races have become typical sports competitions; older highlanders started to resign from speed racing leaving the place for young contestants. Sports rivalry and willingness to achieve the best time of a ride displaced the fun and entertainment factor of this event.
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Rascher, Daniel A., Mark S. Nagel, Matthew T. Brown, and Chad D. McEvoy. "Free Ride, Take It Easy: An Empirical Analysis of Adverse Incentives Caused by Revenue Sharing." Journal of Sport Management 25, no. 5 (September 2011): 373–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.25.5.373.
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A fundamental belief in professional sport leagues is that competitive balance is needed to maximize demand and revenues; therefore, leagues have created policies attempting to attain proper competitive balance. Further, research posits that objectives of professional sport teams’ owners include some combination of winning and profit maximization. Although the pursuit of wins is a zero sum game, revenue generation and potential profit making is not. This article focuses upon the National Football League’s potential unintended consequences of creating the incentive for some teams to free ride on the rest of the league’s talent and brand. It examines whether an owner’s objectives to generate increased revenues and profits are potentially enhanced by operating as a continual low-cost provider while making money from the shared revenues and brand value of the league. The present evidence indicates that, overall, being a low-cost provider is more profitable than increasing player salaries in an attempt to win additional games.
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Tanelli, M., C. Vecchio, M. Corno, A. Ferrara, and S. M. Savaresi. "Traction Control for Ride-by-Wire Sport Motorcycles: A Second-Order Sliding Mode Approach." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 56, no. 9 (September 2009): 3347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2009.2018430.
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Rose, SC, HA Chipps, and EM Peters. "Fluid use in mountain bikers - self-reported practices." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 19, no. 2 (June 15, 2007): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2007/v19i2a266.
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Background and objectives. Little is known of the fluid replacement habits of participants in mountain bike (MTB) endurance events. This survey set out to determine the current perceptions and practices of this group of endurance athletes. Method. Four hundred and twelve participants in the 3- day 2006 Sani2C (MTB) race completed questionnaires that elicited information regarding their regular fluid intake practices during competitive MTB endurance events. This included their general approach to fluid replacement, their fluid intake practices (type, amount and frequency), urine output and hydration status. Results. While 70% (N = 290) reported that they based their fluid intake practices on personal past experiences, less than half the group (N = 177, 43%) were aware of official sport-specific guidelines. Although 86% (N = 354) reported making use of commercially available sport-specific drinks, consumption of water alone was reported by 34% of respondents (N = 140). The majority (N = 225, 55%) of the mountain bikers reported drinking every 16 - 30 minutes during an endurance ride, while 35% (N = 144) reported drinking every 0 - 15 minutes. Fifty-three per cent (N = 182) of the male respondents and 45% (N = 23) of female respondents reported a routine intake of ≥ 750 ml per hour during endurance rides. This included 2 women who reported regular intakes of between 1 500 and 2 000 ml/hr. Only 7 (2%) reported receiving medical care for dehydration following their participation in previous MTB rides. Conclusions. This survey indicates that although more than half of the mountain bikers did not acknowledge specific awareness of the official fluid replacement guidelines, over 80% reported drinking regularly during a race, and 52% (N = 212) reported a usual intake of ≥ 750 ml/hr during endurance races. Until scientific studies have carefully examined the hydration status and fluid replacement needs of mountain bikers, MTB cyclists are cautioned against the practice of over-hydrating. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 19 (2) 2007: pp. 52-58
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Świszczewska, Maja, Ewa Wójcik, and Marian Kaproń. "Assessment of the preferences of users of horses for recreation and sport." Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego 16, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3773.
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<b>A survey was conducted among users of horses from various parts of Poland to investigate their preferences regarding the basic behavioural characteristics of horses used in recreation and sport and to determine the importance of their main external and internal traits. The majority of respondents were women, and the largest age group was 21-25. The respondents most often chose geldings for use, due to their composure. The preferred age range was 6 to 10 years, with a height at the withers from 151 to 170 cm. The breed and external appearance of horses did not matter to most respondents, although they preferred Malopolski, Wielkopolski, and Polish Half-Bred horses. It was important to the survey participants for the horse to meet specific skill requirements and to have suitable traits for them, with no bad habits or stereotypic behaviours. Over 60% of respondents would like to buy their own horse. As many as 86% were very experienced riders who had been training and taking part in competitions for over 6 years, with 55% of the subjects training jumping and 40% dressage. Sixty-three per cent of respondents ride horses 3-4 days a week or every day.</b>
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Kim, Hyung Min, D. Geoff Rideout, Panos Y. Papalambros, and Jeffrey L. Stein. "Analytical Target Cascading in Automotive Vehicle Design." Journal of Mechanical Design 125, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1586308.
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Target cascading in product development is a systematic effort to propagate the desired top-level system design targets to appropriate specifications for subsystems and components in a consistent and efficient manner. If analysis models are available to represent the consequences of the relevant design decisions, analytical target cascading can be formalized as a hierarchical multilevel optimization problem. The article demonstrates this complex modeling and solution process in the chassis design of a sport-utility vehicle. Ride quality and handling targets are cascaded down to systems and subsystems utilizing suspension, tire, and spring analysis models. Potential incompatibilities among targets and constraints throughout the entire system can be uncovered and the trade-offs involved in achieving system targets under different design scenarios can be quantified.
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Cramer, Michael J., Charles L. Dumke, Walter S. Hailes, John S. Cuddy, and Brent C. Ruby. "Postexercise Glycogen Recovery and Exercise Performance is Not Significantly Different Between Fast Food and Sport Supplements." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 25, no. 5 (October 2015): 448–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0230.
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A variety of dietary choices are marketed to enhance glycogen recovery after physical activity. Past research informs recommendations regarding the timing, dose, and nutrient compositions to facilitate glycogen recovery. This study examined the effects of isoenergetic sport supplements (SS) vs. fast food (FF) on glycogen recovery and exercise performance. Eleven males completed two experimental trials in a randomized, counterbalanced order. Each trial included a 90-min glycogen depletion ride followed by a 4-hr recovery period. Absolute amounts of macronutrients (1.54 ± 0.27 g·kg-1 carbohydrate, 0.24 ± 0.04 g·kg fat-1, and 0.18 ± 0.03g·kg protein-1) as either SS or FF were provided at 0 and 2 hr. Muscle biopsies were collected from the vastus lateralis at 0 and 4 hr post exercise. Blood samples were analyzed at 0, 30, 60, 120, 150, 180, and 240 min post exercise for insulin and glucose, with blood lipids analyzed at 0 and 240 min. A 20k time-trial (TT) was completed following the final muscle biopsy. There were no differences in the blood glucose and insulin responses. Similarly, rates of glycogen recovery were not different across the diets (6.9 ± 1.7 and 7.9 ± 2.4 mmol·kg wet weight- 1·hr-1 for SS and FF, respectively). There was also no difference across the diets for TT performance (34.1 ± 1.8 and 34.3 ± 1.7 min for SS and FF, respectively. These data indicate that short-term food options to initiate glycogen resynthesis can include dietary options not typically marketed as sports nutrition products such as fast food menu items.
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Zachwieja, Jeffrey J., David L. Costill, Jeffrey J. Widrick, Dawn E. Anderson, and Glenn K. McConell. "Effects of Drink Carbonation on the Gastric Emptying Characteristics of Water and Flavored Water." International Journal of Sport Nutrition 1, no. 1 (March 1991): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.1.1.45.
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The intent of this study was to determine whether adding carbonation to either water or a low calorie sport drink would affect gastric emptying (GE). Fifteen subjects rode for 20 minutes on a cycle ergometer at 55% of max . After 5 minutes of exercise, the subjects ingested 5.5 mllkg body weight of a test solution: water (W), carbonated water (CW), and a low calorie sport drink in both a carbonated (C2C) and noncarbonated (2C) form. At the end of each ride, the stomach was emptied through gastric aspiration. The results indicate that carbonation has no effect on GE. However, the type of drink did have an effect on GE, as both 2C and C2C emptied from the stomach at a slower rate than either W or CW. Subjective ratings of gastrointestinal comfort were similar for both carbonated and noncarbonated forms, and at no time did the subjects report discomfort. The results were independent of the exercise challenge, as exercise intensity, heart rate, and ratings of perceived exertion did not differ between experimental trials. It is concluded that carbonation does not affect the GE characteristics of a drink taken during submaximal exercise, but the flavoring system of the low calorie beverage decreased the rate of GE by as much as 25% when compared to water.
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Alistar, Mirela. "Mobile Microfluidics." Bioengineering 6, no. 1 (January 3, 2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering6010005.
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Microfluidics platforms can program small amounts of fluids to execute a bio-protocol, and thus, can automate the work of a technician and also integrate a large part of laboratory equipment. Although most microfluidic systems have considerably reduced the size of a laboratory, they are still benchtop units, of a size comparable to a desktop computer. In this paper, we argue that achieving true mobility in microfluidics would revolutionize the domain by making laboratory services accessible during traveling or even in daily situations, such as sport and outdoor activities. We review the existing efforts to achieve mobility in microfluidics, and we discuss the conditions mobile biochips need to satisfy. In particular, we show how we adapted an existing biochip for mobile use, and we present the results when using it during a train ride. Based on these results and our systematic discussion, we identify the challenges that need to be overcome at technical, usability and social levels. In analogy to the history of computing, we make some predictions on the future of mobile biochips. In our vision, mobile biochips will disrupt how people interact with a wide range of healthcare processes, including medical testing and synthesis of on-demand medicine.
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Abdel-Aty, Mohamed A., and Hassan T. Abdelwahab. "Configuration Analysis of Two-Vehicle Rear-End Crashes." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1840, no. 1 (January 2003): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1840-16.
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Light truck vehicles (LTVs), including light-duty trucks, vans, minivans, and sport-utility vehicles, are generally larger than common passenger cars and are able to take on additional tasks. LTVs usually ride higher than other common passenger cars, which likely affects the visibility of passenger car drivers. The role of LTVs in rear-end crashes was investigated. The use of statistical models of unordered multiple categories was attempted, including multinomial logit (MNL), heteroscedastic extreme value (HEV), and bivariate probit (BVP) models. Four different rear-end crash configurations (lead and following vehicles) were defined on the basis of the type of the two vehicles involved (LTV or regular passenger car). General Estimates System (GES 2000) traffic crash data were used to calibrate the three suggested models (the MNL, HEV, and BVP models). Modeling results showed that there are sight distance and discomfort problems when a driver in a regular passenger car is driving behind an LTV. The probability of a rear-end crash involving a regular passenger car striking an LTV increases when the driver of the following vehicle is distracted. The analysis also illustrates that the probability of a regular car striking an LTV increases when the driver of the following vehicle has an obscured view.
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Purdy, D. J., and D. N. Bulman. "An experimental and theoretical investigation into the design of an active suspension system for a racing car." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 211, no. 3 (March 1, 1997): 161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407971526335.
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The well-established quarter car representation is used to investigate the design of an active suspension system for a racing car. The work presented is from both a practical and theoretical study. The experimental open-loop and passive responses of the suspension system are used to validate the model and estimate the level of damping within the system. A cascade control structure is used, consisting of an inner body acceleration loop and an outer ride height loop. Comparisons are made between the experimental results and those predicted by the theory. During the 1980s and early 1990s a number of Formula 1 teams developed active suspension systems to improve the performance of cars. Little detail was published about these systems because of the highly competitive nature of the application. Some of these systems were very sophisticated and successful. Because of this, speed increased considerably and because of the costs involved, the difference in performance between the lower and higher funded teams became unacceptable. For this reason, the governing body of motor sport decided to ban active suspensions from the end of the 1993 racing season. Both authors of this paper were involved with different racing teams at that time, and this paper is an introduction to the very basic philosophy behind a typical active system that was employed on a Formula 1 car.
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Gregg, Elizabeth A., David A. Pierce, Kristi M. Sweeney, and Jason W. Lee. "Purposeful pedaling: analyzing MS 150 participant behavior." International Journal of Event and Festival Management 6, no. 3 (October 19, 2015): 269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijefm-04-2015-0020.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore factors affecting participant awareness, attraction, and attachment to the National Multiple Sclerosis Society’s (NMSS) MS 150 PGA Tour Cycle to the Shore charitable bike ride utilizing the Psychological Continuum Model (PCM) developed by Funk and James. In addition, the authors sought to outline variables sport organizations can use to predict donor behavior. Design/methodology/approach – Data for this project were derived from an electronic survey distributed to race participants and was analyzed in SPSS® software. Regression analysis was employed. Findings – The findings support previous research employing the PCM; wherein social situational variables have the greatest influence on the relational significance of hedonic and dispositional needs in attraction and attachment to sporting events. The work supports the inclusion of communities as an additional attachment outcome. Practical implications – In all, 92 percent of riders were informed about the event through word of mouth (WOM) marketing, highlighting the importance this promotional technique in the awareness stage of the PCM. NMSS would be well served by capitalizing on the power of WOM. Originality/value – The research provides insight into predictors of fundraising efficacy. In terms of fundraising effectiveness, participants with four or more years of participation were six times more likely than first-year riders to raise $1,000 or more.
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Jeyakumar, T., and R. Gandhinathan. "Industrial Design of Motorcycle with Reference to Indian Population." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 2659–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.2659.
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India is the second largest 2W market in the world in terms of sales volumes after China. Motorcycles types that are marketed using sports tag are found to be anchored on performance attributes characterized by visual appeal, higher speeds, heady acceleration and superior ride, handling and braking. The chronograph of the sports segment in the Indian market is plotted. A goal defined design process is developed to produce creative ideas for aesthetic attributes-modern, youthful, aerodynamic, and aggressive. The optimal solution satisfying the aesthetic goal is determined using an operation decision making model based upon weighted generalized mean method. A motorcycle is generally straddled by the rider with manual transmission and can be considered as a constrained workstation. Some ergonomic considerations to fit users of different sizes on the same workstation should be taken into account when designing. A two-dimensional anthropometric data collection approach is followed for riders in India. The obtained anthropometric data concerning riding postures are used for posture analysis using digital human model in CAD software. The mutual trade-off between sporty riding style of the rider and comfort angles have been arrived to set up the final posture of the rider. The detailing of the appearance considering the aesthetic attributes and ergonomics are done. The developed design is aimed at improving appearance and ergonomic performance.
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Griffin, Brian. "All colours of the rainbow, including black and gold: making and selling bicycles in Ireland in the 1880s and 1890s." Irish Historical Studies 38, no. 152 (November 2013): 620–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400001863.
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In the last two decades of the nineteenth century, cycling in Ireland progressed from being a relatively exclusive pursuit, confined mainly to young, middleclass men, to a popular sport and pastime which appealed alike to young, middleaged and elderly members of the middle class, including large numbers of women. At the beginning of the 1880s, most Irish cyclists were young men who rode the high-wheeled ‘Ordinary’ or ‘Penny-farthing’ machine. The introduction of the more cumbersome, but easily mountable, tricycle meant that in the early to mid-1880s cycling became accessible to older or more timid men than those who braved the Ordinary machine, and many women also took to the roads on the tricycle. The pastime also received a boost later in the decade, with the invention of the chain-driven ‘safety’ bicycle in the mid-1880s. The safety bicycle did not render the Ordinary obsolete until after the development of the pneumatic tyre, by John Boyd Dunlop, in 1888. Once it became apparent in a number of cycling races in Ireland and England in 1889 and 1890 that the chain-driven and pneumatic-tyred safety bicycle was both quicker and easier to ride than the Ordinary bicycle, the latter's days were numbered. From 1890 onwards, bicycle dealers in both countries were inundated with requests for pneumatic-tyred safety bicycles, and in the course of the 1890s cycling was transformed into a popular, albeit still mainly middle-class activity, that appealed to both sexes.
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Wilson, George, Neil Chester, Martin Eubank, Ben Crighton, Barry Drust, James P. Morton, and Graeme L. Close. "An Alternative Dietary Strategy to Make Weight While Improving Mood, Decreasing Body Fat, and Not Dehydrating: A Case Study of a Professional Jockey." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 22, no. 3 (June 2012): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.22.3.225.
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Professional jockeys are unique among weight-making athletes, as they are often required to make weight daily and, in many cases, all year-round. Common methods employed by jockeys include dehydration, severe calorie restriction, and sporadic eating, all of which have adverse health effects. In contrast, this article outlines a structured diet and exercise plan, employed by a 22-yr-old professional National Hunt jockey in an attempt to reduce weight from 70.3 to 62.6 kg, that does not rely on any of the aforementioned techniques. Before the intervention, the client’s typical daily energy intake was 8.2 MJ (42% carbohydrate [CHO], 36% fat, 22% protein) consumed in 2 meals only. During the 9-wk intervention, daily energy intake was approximately equivalent to resting metabolic rate, which the athlete consumed as 6 meals per day (7.6 MJ, 46% CHO, 19% fat, 36% protein). This change in frequency and composition of energy intake combined with structured exercise resulted in a total body-mass loss of 8 kg, corresponding to reductions in body fat from 14.5% to 9%. No form of intentional dehydration occurred throughout this period, and mean urine osmolality was 285 mOsm/kg (SD 115 mOsm/kg). In addition, positive changes in mood scores (BRUMS scale) also occurred. The client was now able to ride light for the first time in his career without dehydrating, thereby challenging the cultural practices inherent in the sport.
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Howell, David R., Scott Laker, Michael W. Kirkwood, and Julie Wilson. "CONTACT AND COLLISION SPORTS PARTICIPATION DURING ADOLESCENCE IS ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED ANXIETY AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 4_suppl3 (April 1, 2020): 2325967120S0016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120s00169.
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Background: Recently, participation in contact and/or collision youth sports has received attention due to concern over exposure to repetitive head impacts. However, few studies have examined the relative risks and benefits of participation in contact and/or collision sports among young athletes currently engaged in these sports. Purposes and Hypotheses: We sought to examine whether participation in contact and/or collision sports during adolescence would be associated with quality of life (QOL) among a sample of healthy adolescent athletes undergoing a pre-participation examination. We hypothesized QOL domains scores would be similar between contact/collision and no/limited contact sport athletes. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of adolescent athletes undergoing a pre-participation physical examination. During the assessment, participants completed a sport participation questionnaire and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pediatric-25 Profile, a measure of health-related quality of life. We grouped patients based on reported organized contact/collision or limited/non-contact sports participation in the past year, as delineated by Rice (2008). We compared PROMIS domain scores between groups using Mann-Whitney U tests, and used multivariable linear regression to identify the association between PROMIS domains scores and contact/collision sport participation while adjusting for covariates (sex, age, height, history of bone, muscle, ligament, or tendon injury, history of acute fracture or dislocation) in separate models. Results: A total of 281 adolescents participated: 143 (51%) reported contact or collision sport participation in the year prior to the study. There was a significantly greater proportion of females in the no/limited contact sport group compared to the contact/collision sport group (Table 1). There was a significantly greater proportion of contact/collision sport athletes who reported past bone, muscle, ligament, or tendon injuries and acute fracture or dislocation injuries compared to no/limited contact sport athletes (Table 1). Upon univariable comparison, those in the contact/collision sport group reported significantly lower anxiety and depressive symptom domain scores than the no/limited contact sport group (Table 2). After covariate adjustment, contact/collision sport participation was significantly associated with lower anxiety and depressive symptom domain scores (Table 3). Conclusion: Adolescents participating in organized contact/collision sports reported lower anxiety and depressive symptoms than adolescents participating in no/limited contact sports. These results reinforce the need to re-examine assumptions that youth contact/collision sports are necessarily associated with negative quality of life. Future prospective studies will be required to better understand any causal relationship between contact sports and psychological well-being in young athletes, both in the short- and long-term. [Table: see text][Table: see text][Table: see text]
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Turner, Patricia A., and Christopher Hagelin. "Motorcycle Helmet use and Trends before and after Florida's Helmet Law Change in 2000." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1922, no. 1 (January 2005): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105192200123.
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The Center for Urban Transportation Research at the University of South Florida conducted this study for the Florida Department of Transportation to analyze motorcycling trends in Florida before and after the July 2000 change to the motorcycle helmet law. The change permits motorcyclists 21 years of age and older to ride without a helmet if they carry at least $10,000 in insurance to cover medical costs incurred as a result of a crash. This paper discusses study findings on motorcycle trends before and after the Florida change related to observed and reported motorcycle helmet use, number and severity of motorcycle crashes, and number and severity of injuries sustained in motorcycle crashes. Additionally, national and Florida data related to vehicle miles of travel (VMT), registrations, crashes, injuries, fatalities, and helmet use are presented, and recommendations for future motorcycle research are made. Findings show that Florida's observed helmet use rate declined from 99.5% in 1998 to 52.7% in 2002. Sport bike riders were among those most likely to be helmeted, whereas lack of helmet use typically was associated with riders on cruiser-style motorcycles. Declines in observed helmet use rates in Florida are comparable to declines in other states with recently amended universal helmet laws. Helmet use among crash-involved motorcycle operators continues to decline even among younger riders required by law to wear helmets. Crash rates and injury rates per registered motorcycle and per motorcycle VMT declined following the helmet law change, with the exception of fatal crash rates.
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Omar, Mohamed A., Ahmed A. Shabana, Aki Mikkola, Wei-Yi Loh, and Rena Basch. "Multibody System Modeling of Leaf Springs." Journal of Vibration and Control 10, no. 11 (November 2004): 1601–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546304042047.
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Leaf springs are essential elements in the suspension systems of vehicles including sport utility vehicles, trucks, and railroad vehicles. Accurate modeling of the leaf springs is necessary in evaluating ride comfort, braking performance, vibration characteristics, and stability. In order to accurately model the deformations and vibrations of the leaf springs, nonlinear finite-element procedures, which account for the dynamic coupling between different modes of displacement, are employed. Two finite-element methods that take into account the effect of the distributed inertia and elasticity are discussed in this investigation to model the dynamics of leaf springs. The first is based on a floating frame of reference formulation, while the second is an absolute nodal coordinate formulation. The floating frame of reference formulation allows for using a reduced-order model by employing component mode synthesis techniques, while the absolute nodal coordinate formulation enables more detailed finite-element models for the large deformation of very flexible leaf springs. Methods for modeling the contact and friction between the leaves of the spring are discussed. A comparison is also presented between the results obtained using the proposed method and simplified approaches presented in the literature. While there are many issues that can be important in leaf spring modeling, the analysis presented in this paper is focused on a few key issues that include the computer implementation, the effect of the dynamic load on the spring stiffness, the selection of the vibration modes in the reduced-order model, and the effect of the structural damping on the response of the leaf spring.
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Brigstocke, Sophie, Catherine E. McGuinn, and James B. Bussel. "Sports Participation in Children with ITP: A Case for Liberalization?" Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 3339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.3339.3339.
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Abstract Abstract 3339 Background: Children with ITP are at risk for bleeding. ITP is one of many conditions for which the American Academy of Pediatrics advises a pre-sports participation evaluation to assess the risk of injury (Rice 2008). However, restrictions in sports participation might deny the many evidence-based benefits of such physical activity usually accessible for US school-aged youth, thereby presenting significant health and quality of life issues. Aims: To better assess the frequency of sports participation and sports-related injury outcomes relative to contact level by gathering data via questionnaire from a convenience sample of children with persistent and chronic ITP. Methods: Fourteen different types of sports activities were included in this IRB-approved questionnaire and were classified as contact, limited contact, or non-contact as determined by the American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Sports Medicine and Fitness (Rice 2008). Questions were aimed at the frequency of sports participation, types of sports played, sports-related injuries (including bleeding), medical care required for injuries, and comfort regarding continued participation in a sport after sustaining an injury. For each sport not played, questions assessed reasons for the subject's decision to refrain from participation. Patients were categorized according to their platelet levels: counts ≤ 50, 50–150, >150; counts ≤ or >50; counts ≤ or >30 (×109/L). Proportions of data involving 2 groups were compared in a contingency table using Fisher's exact test with trends ≤ 0.01 and significance ≤ 0.025. Results: Twelve subjects (19%) did not participate in any sports. Thirty-six (56%), including patients across all platelet counts, participated in at least one contact sport. There was no statistically significant association (p > 0.1) between the subject's platelet count and the contact level of sport chosen to play. However, a significant association was found between higher frequency of sports participation and higher platelet count (analyzed by groups ≤ or >50 and counts ≤ or >30 (×109/L)) when the highest frequency of participation in any sport (regardless of contact level) was assessed (p < 0.025). When only the sport with the highest contact rating was considered, patients with higher counts played their highest contact sport more frequently than did those patients with lower counts. In particular, subjects with counts ≤ 30 ×109/L played their highest contact sport less frequently, eg more commonly < 1x/month, compared to subjects with platelet counts > 30 ×109/L who played more commonly > 1x/month (p=0.025) [figure]. Twenty injuries were recorded across 10 different sports and 17 patients, but no serious bleeding injuries were reported. There was a statistically significant association (p = 0.002) between higher contact levels and greater incidence of injury. However, there was no statistically significant association (p > 0.1) between estimated platelet count at time of injury and the contact level of sport. As recorded by the patients and/or the patients' parents, 26% of general concerns came from physicians, 53% from parents and 21% from patients themselves. Data collected on the participants' personal concerns showed that higher platelet counts were associated with fewer personal concerns being expressed (p < 0.025). However, when each personal concern was analyzed there were no statistically significant trends or associations (p > 0.1) found between any specific concern and platelet count. Across all contact and limited-contact sports, the most frequently expressed concern was that the sport was too dangerous. The most frequently expressed concern for non-contact sports was that the patient was too tired to play. Conclusions: There was a significant association between higher frequency of sports participation, but not higher contact level, with higher platelet counts. Higher incidences of injury were associated with higher contact levels, but not with lower platelet counts, suggesting that children with ITP can participate in non-contact sports and many contact and limited-contact sports with low risk of injury. Therefore, we believe that sports participation for children with ITP is generally too restricted and greater encouragement for children to be athletic in the sport of their choice is warranted. Disclosures: Bussel: Sysmex: Research Funding; Shionogi: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Eisai: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Ligand: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Immunomedics: Research Funding; IgG of America: Research Funding; Genzyme: Research Funding; GlaxoSmithKline: Family owns GSK stock, Family owns GSK stock Other, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Cangene: Research Funding; Amgen: Family owns Amgen stock Other, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Portola: Consultancy.
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Andriichuk, A., H. Tkachenko, and I. Tkachova. "Hematological changes and resistance of erythrocytes of crimean horses in response to 32 km races." Agricultural Science and Practice 3, no. 1 (April 15, 2016): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/agrisp3.01.066.
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Aim. The aim of the present study was to investigate the alterations of some hematological parameters (hae- matocrit (HCT), haemoglobin concentration (HGB), the count of red blood cells (RBC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), red cell distribution width (RDW), as well as resistance of erythrocytes to urea and hydrogen peroxide in horses after 32 km endurance race. Methods. Seven horses from Crimea region (Bilohirsk, Crimean region) were involved in this study. Haematological parameters (haematocrit (HCT), haemoglobin concentration (HGB), the count of red blood cells (RBC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), red cell distribution width (RDW)) were determined with use of hematological and biochemical methods. Blood samples have been investigated by centrifugation at 3,000 g for 15 min. The peroxide and osmotic resistance of erythrocytes were determined spectrophoto- metrically at 540 nm by monitoring the rate of erythrocytes disintegration by hydrogen peroxide. Endurance h orses used in this study are trained and conditioned to perform over long distances at moderate speeds. The prolonged exercises were used in endurance race. The walk about 3 km/h for 20 min, the trot about 7 km/h for 15 min, and the canter about 5 km/h for 15 min) and the walk about 1 km were repeated for 1 h (phase I); rest in an outdoor paddock without access to water for 30 min. And phase II: the walk about 3 km/h for 20 min, the trot about 7 km/h for 15 min, and the canter about 5 km/h for 15 min) and the walk about 1 km was repeated for 1 h. Results. The results of the present study showed that adequate endurance race of low intensity could im- prove oxygen-dependent respiratory function in horses from Crimean region. Furthermore, the non-signifi cant increase of red blood cells indices in endurance horses indicate about good athletic level after 32 km endur- ance ride. Statistically signifi cant differences in the percentage of hemolyzed erythrocytes between pre- and post-ride period were observed and thereby signifying an oxidative stress-dependent impairment of erythrocyte stability. Conclusions. The haematological changes caused by various physical efforts refl ect changes in the functions of different systems and can be used for health control and diagnosis of diseases. It also allow the evaluating the level of sport performance, the accuracy of training, and physiological condition of horses.
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Maulana, Muhamad Asnan, Tubagus Herlambang, and Yulia Ratimiasih. "Analisis Sport Tourism Pantai Tirta Samudera di Kabupaten Jepara." Journal of Physical Activity and Sports (JPAS) 1, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.53869/jpas.v1i1.23.
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This research is motivated by the development of the sports sector which is growing rapidly, one of the things that needs to be developed is the type of natural tourism such as on the beach, namely sports tourism activities, including diving, surfing, rolling donuts, namely sitting on a buoy. which looks like a donut, Banana Boat using a banana-shaped rubber boat, and Jet ski. This study uses a qualitative research method in the form of spoken or written words that are observed by researchers, and objects that are observed in detail so that the implied meaning in the document or object can be captured. With the determination of the sample data sources are selected purposively and are snowball sampling, namely the source of information data from the Tourism Office, the Head of the Management of Sport Tourism rides and tourists visiting the Sport Tourism rides. The research location is at Tirta Samudera Beach, the focus of this research is to find out how to analyze the Sport Tourism of Tirta Samudera Beach in Jepara Regency. The data collection techniques and instruments used in this study are using observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the first from the Tourism Office revealed a strategy or effort from the Tourism Office in introducing or promoting the Tirta Samudera Beach Sport Tourism vehicle in Jepara Regency, namely through a website or brochure. The second head of the manager of the Sport Tourism vehicle revealed that in 2020 the rides that have been developing so far are Banana Boat and adding types of Rolling Donuts, Jet Ski, and Kano rides while in the planning stage, namely Flaying Fish and Pareseling which have the same thing being pulled into the air using a Jet Ski. The third is that respondents from tourists enjoying various rides such as Jet Ski, Banana Boat, and Canoe feel their own satisfaction because of their need to exercise. The conclusion is that the Tirta Samudera Beach Sport Tourism rides in Jepara Regency include Banana Boat, Rolling Donuts, Canoe and Jet Ski and from the tourists who enjoy the Sport Tourism rides can feel satisfaction because their need to exercise there are suggestions, namely from the Tourism Office and the Management the Tirta Samudera Beach Sport Tourism vehicle needs to further improve the promotion system or the introduction of Sport Tourism rides through social media or print media so that it can be known by the public who wants to visit. Keywords: Sport Tourism, Tirta Samudera Beach, Sport Abstrak Penelitian ini di latar belakangi oleh perkembangan sektor olahraga yang berkembang pesat, salah satu hal yang perlu dikembangkan yaitu adalah jenis wisata alam seperti di pantai yaitu kegiatan Sport Tourism antara lain menyelam (diving), berselancar (surfing), Rolling Donuts yaitu duduk di sebuah pelampung yang bentuknya seperti kue donat, Banana Boat dengan menggunakan perahu karet berbentuk pisang, dan Jet ski. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif yang berupa kata-kata lisan atau tertulis yang dicermati oleh peneliti, dan benda-benda yang diamati sampai detailnya agar dapat ditangkap makna yang tersirat dalam dokuman atau bendanya. Dengan penetapan sampel sumber data dipilih secara purposive dan bersifat snowball sampling yaitu sumber data informasi dari Dinas Pariwisata, Kepala Pengelola wahana Sport Tourism dan para wisatawan yang mengunjungi wahana Sport Tourism. Lokasi penelitian di Pantai Tirta Samudera, fokus penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana analisis Sport Tourism Pantai Tirta Samudera di Kabupaten Jepara Adapun teknik dan instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa yang pertama dari Dinas Pariwisata mengungkapkan adanya strategi atau upaya dari pihak Dinas Pariwisata dalam mengenalkan atau mempromosikan wahana Sport Tourism Pantai Tirta Samudera di Kabupaten Jepara yaitu melalui website atau brosur. Yang kedua dari kepala Pengelola wahana Sport Tourism mengungkapkan pada tahun 2020 wahana yang sampai saat ini berkembang yaitu Banana Boat dan menambahi jenis wahana Rolling Donuts, Jet Ski, dan Kano sedangkan dalam tahap perencanaan yaitu Flaying Fish dan Pareseling yang memiliki persamaan ditarik ke udara menggunakan Jet Ski. Yang ketiga yaitu responden dari wisatawan menikmati berbagai wahana seperti Jet Ski, Banana Boat, dan Kano merasakan kepuasan tersendiri karena kebutuhan mereka untuk berolahraga. Simpulan yaitu wahana Sport Tourism Pantai Tirta Samudera di Kabupaten Jepara antara lain Banana Boat, Rolling Donuts, Kano dan Jet Ski dan dari para wisatawan yang menikmati wahana Sport Tourism dapat merasakan kepuasan karena kebutuhan mereka untuk berolahraga terdapat saran yaitu dari pihak Dinas Pariwisata maupun pihak Pengelola wahana Sport Tourism Pantai Tirta Samudera perlu meningkatkan lagi sistem promosi atau pengenalan wahana Sport Tourism melalui media sosial atau media cetak agar dapat diketahui oleh masyarakat yang ingin berkunjung. Kata Kunci: Sport Tourism, Pantai Tirta Samudera, Sport
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Hogg, Rachel C., and Gene A. Hodgins. "Symbiosis or Sporting Tool? Competition and the Horse-Rider Relationship in Elite Equestrian Sports." Animals 11, no. 5 (May 10, 2021): 1352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11051352.
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The horse-rider relationship is fundamental to ethical equestrianism wherein equine health and welfare are prioritized as core dimensions of sporting success. Equestrianism represents a unique and important form of interspecies activity in which relationships are commonly idealized as central to sporting performance but have been largely unexplored in the sport psychology literature. Horse-rider relationships warrant particular consideration in the elite sporting context, given the tension between constructions of “partnership” between horse and rider, and the pragmatic pressures of elite sport on horse and rider and their relationship. The current study examined the link between sporting performance and the horse-rider relationship in an elite equestrian sporting context. Thirty-six international elite riders from eight countries and six equestrian disciplines participated in a single in-depth interview. A social constructionist, grounded theory methodology was used to analyze this data. The horse-rider relationship was positioned in three different ways in relation to elite sporting outcomes: as pivotal to success; non-essential to success; or as antithetical to success. Participants shifted between these positions, expressing nuanced, ambivalent attitudes that reflected their sporting discipline and their personal orientation to equestrianism. Competitive success was also defined in fluid terms, with participants differentiating between intrinsic and extrinsic markers of success. These findings suggest a complex and multifaceted connection between interspecies performance and relationships in elite sport. Where strong horse-rider relationships are antithetical to performance, a threat to the welfare and ethics of equestrian sport exists. Relevant sporting governing bodies must attend to this problem to ensure the centrality of animal welfare, wellbeing, and performance longevity to equestrian sports.
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Dashper, Katherine. "Tools of the Trade or Part of the Family? Horses in Competitive Equestrian Sport." Society & Animals 22, no. 4 (July 2, 2014): 352–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341343.
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The horse-human relationship is based on mutual respect and understanding, and the development of trusting partnerships may be particularly important in elite equestrian sport, where horses and humans rely on each other to tackle sporting challenges. The increasing commercialization of equestrian sport is eroding aspects of the horse-human relationship, as the commodity value of sports horses increases and the pressure for quick results threatens the formation of deep bonds between horse and rider. This article presents data from an ethnographic study of competitive equestrian sport in England, including interviews with 26 elite riders, to explore how the changing nature of elite equestrian sport is altering the basis of the horse-human relationship, changing the horse from a trusted partner in sporting pursuits to a commodity to be bought and sold for human commercial benefit.
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Bidzan-Bluma, Ilona, Marek Pielak, and Dagmara Budnik-Przybylska. "THE DYNAMICS OF COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING IN THE PROCESS OF PREPARING A CONTESTANT FOR A TRIATHLON. A CASE STUDY WITH THE USE OF THE AUTHOR’S NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT PROGRAM." Acta Neuropsychologica 15, no. 2 (June 28, 2017): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.2409.
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[b]Background: [/b]The aim of the research project was to prepare a person who does not do much sport and has never taken part in a triathlon, to become a contestant in Ironman, i.e., swim for 3.86 km (2.4 miles), ride a bike for 180.2 km (112 miles) and run for 42.195 km (26.2 miles – the marathon distance). The preparatory period was from January 2015 to June 2016. The author’s neuropsychological training program was applied. It consists of exercises increasing attention span, enhancing episodic and spatial memory. [b]Material/ Methods:[/b]The authors of the project assumed that three Ironman disciplines, i.e., swimming, cycling and running, should be enriched with two additional modules which would ensure the optimum training of the contestant: psychological training and diet. All this should be supported by biological regeneration and relaxation. For the first three months the future contestant was exercising his attention and taking part in relaxation sessions once a week. For the subsequent six months the frequency of the former increased to two times a week, and the latter – three times a week. [b]Results: [/b]It was found that the neuropsychological training program was effective; already after half a year from the implementation of the training plans, the contestant improved the scope of memorized material significantly, enhanced the level of attention focus and achieved a higher level of visualisation when imagining himself in a relaxing place; meanwhile, a lower level of attention focus was observed when he was visualising swimming, which may indicate that this activity was automated. [b]Conclusions: [/b]Multidimensional preparation for a sporting competition, including neuropsychological training, was effective for an increased level of attention focus and visual-spatial memory improved visualization skills, the ability to relax quickly and effectively, and the ability to enter the flow state were effective for our sportsman.
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Akanda, Anab, and Chandu Adulla. "Application of Evolutionary Computation in Automotive Powertrain Mount Tuning." Shock and Vibration 13, no. 2 (2006): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2006/402317.
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Engine mount tuning is a multi-disciplinary exercise since it affects Idle-shake, Road-shake and power-train noise response. Engine inertia is often used as a tuned absorber for controlling suspension resonance related road-shake issues. Last but not least, vehicle ride and handling may also be affected by mount tuning. In this work, Torque-Roll-Axis (TRA) decoupling of the rigid powertrain was used as a starting point for mount tuning. Nodal point of flexible powertrain bending was used to define the envelop for transmission mount locations. The frequency corresponding to the decoupled roll mode of the rigid powertrain was then adjusted for idle-shake and road-shake response management.A TRA decoupling procedure, cast as a multi-objective optimization problem, was applied to a body-on-frame sport-utility vehicle powertrain system. In addition to a standard gradient based optimization algorithm, available in commercial finite element software, an evolutionary computation paradigm known as Evolutionary Strategies (ES) was used to solve the optimization problem. The primary advantages of evolutionary computation over gradient based algorithms are as follows: i) They are less likely to get trapped in local minima and less dependent on initial values of the design parameters and therefore able to handle multi-modal optimization problems unlike gradient based algorithms, ii) They produce a population of viable solutions, unlike gradient based algorithms which yields a single solution. The second advantage is very attractive in a production environment since packaging and other multi-disciplinary constraints often require multiple quality solutions for the same problem. The process outlined in this work was verified by exercising a full-vehicle finite element model. The process produced a set of production feasible powertrain mount parameters for acceptable idle and road shake performance.
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Harrison, C. Keith, and Reggie Saunders. "Rap Sessions From the Field: Intersectional Conversations With Jemele Hill, Bun B, Fat Joe, and IDK." Sociology of Sport Journal 37, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.2020-0037.
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To end this special issue, Dr. C. Keith Harrison and Reggie Saunders connected with individuals that exist at the intersection of hip-hop culture and sport. This series of interviews begins with Jemele Hill, an American sports journalist and activist. A graduate from Michigan State University, Jemele also served as an adjunct professor at the University of Central Florida from 2012 to 2014 teaching undergraduate sport business management students practical lessons about sport media. Reggie has been an adjunct faculty member at University of Central Florida since 2015, co-teaching innovation and entrepreneurship in sport/entertainment with Harrison. Reggie follows with an interview with Bun B, one half of the Texas rap duo, UGK and currently an adjunct professor at Rice University teaching a course on religion and hip-hop. New York rapper and entrepreneur, Fat Joe weighs in briefly on the topic, and Reggie closes out by interviewing rapper and Washington DC native, IDK. IDK is known for his hit song 24, and has a notable fan in Kevin Durant, National Basketball Association superstar and fellow Washington, DC native.
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McGinn, S., D. Alcock, and L. J. Cameron. "A retrospective investigation of the impact of ‘eventing phase (dressage, show-jumping and cross-country)’ on pre-competition anxiety and self-confidence." Comparative Exercise Physiology 15, no. 4 (October 9, 2019): 269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep190007.
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Working in the discipline of eventing (the triathlon of equestrian sport), the present study aims to extend current literature on the use of psychological skills within equestrian sports, by understanding and identifying differences in levels of self-confidence and competitive anxiety. Each eventing phase (dressage, show-jumping and cross-country) was considered and its impact on anxiety and self-confidence analysed. Level of competition was considered a covariate and its effect on specific eventing phases and any associated influence on anxiety and self-confidence within eventing phase was analysed. An experimental, 3×3 factorial, within-subjects design was used. 57 participants (52 female and 5 male; 18 professional, 36 amateur and 3 undefined) completed the Revised Competitive Sport Anxiety Inventory 2 (CSAI-2R), a 17-item questionnaire measuring anxiety and self-confidence. Descriptive statistics identified the show-jumping phase had the largest impact on rider somatic anxiety (SA) and cognitive anxiety (CA). The cross-country phase had the highest self-confidence mean score. Spearman’s rank correlations showed both SA and CA were debilitative for all competition levels. Both SA and CA were found to be more debilitating in the show-jumping phase when self-confidence was low. MANCOVA analysis showed that eventing phase had significant effect on anxiety and self-confidence when controlling for level of competition. Dependent on the eventing phase riders are competing in, they experience different levels of arousal and self-confidence. When SA and CA are a debilitative source of anxiety, this could result in rider muscle tension which is not conducive to effective horse-rider communication. Coaches or sports psychologists should consider how to help riders manage their anxiety levels in relation to the competition phase, with the intention of enhancing self-confidence and enabling facilitative SA and CA in preparation for eventing performance.
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Williams, J. "Performance analysis in equestrian sport." Comparative Exercise Physiology 9, no. 2 (January 1, 2013): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep13003.
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The use of performance analysis is commonplace throughout competitive sports, however, uptake is limited within equestrianism. This review considers the potential for wider implementation of performance analysis techniques within equine sports via contextualisation to showjumping: the horse, rider and the horse and rider dyad. There appears to be limited research available to underpin evaluation of the multiple facets that comprise competitive success in showjumping, with biomechanical evaluation of the jumping phases most established. This presents opportunities for collaboration between the equine industry, researchers and performance analysts to expand knowledge of what contributes to success for horse and rider partnerships in all equine disciplines.
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Rashid, Aneesa Abdul, Navin Kumar Devaraj, and Johan Abdul Kahar. "Patellofemoral Pain: A Not So Trivial Knee Injury (A Case Report)." International Journal of Human and Health Sciences (IJHHS) 3, no. 2 (January 22, 2019): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.31344/ijhhs.v3i2.87.
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Knee injuries are very common in sports, ranging from trivial knee strains to severe ligament, tendon and/or meniscus tear, knee joint fracture or dislocations. The treatment ranges from the basic rest, ice, compression and elevation (RICE) approach to oral medications and/or surgery. It usually entails some form of physiotherapy especially during the post injury period and with functional loss of motion or stiffness. For the professional sportsman, rehabilitation tends to be more intensive due to pressure to return to the sport as soon as possible. This case report will look at a-not-so-trivial knee injury diagnosed as patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) in a 28 year old recreational athleteInternational Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 03 No. 02 April’19. Page: 120-122
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Bhurruth, Martin. "A Group Analytic Understanding of the Tour de France: Why the Fittest Rider Does Not Necessarily Win." Group Analysis 41, no. 3 (September 2008): 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0533316408094899.
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This article recognizes that sports coaching uses predominantly cognitive-based psychological techniques to bring about success. On the whole a psychoanalytic application to sporting success is minimal. Athletic success at the highest level requires suffering beyond the ordinary limits we would expect individuals to endure. In my experience psychoanalysis de-contextualises suffering in sport so that it is seen as a form of self-harm. This position limits the scope of psychoanalytic understanding to support professional athletes in maximising their athletic potential. This article is especially interested in how group analytic theory can be applied to create a winning identity. The theatre of operation in which this identity formation will be tested is the Tour de France (bicycle race).
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Webb, H. J., J. F. Weston, E. J. Norman, N. D. Cogger, and C. W. Rogers. "Experience, riding practices and training methods of Fédération Equestre Internationale (FEI: 80-160 km) level endurance horse rider-owner-trainers in New Zealand." Comparative Exercise Physiology 15, no. 2 (June 18, 2019): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep180059.
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Riders and training have been implicated as contributing to poor performance and adverse horse welfare outcomes in endurance competitions (‘rides’). This study described the experience, riding practices and training methods of a cohort of 21 Fédération Equestre Internationale (FEI: 80-160 km) level endurance rider-owner-trainers in New Zealand. Data were collected via face-to-face survey and descriptive statistics calculated. Respondents had a median 13 (interquartile range [IQR] 9-15) years’ experience in domestic competition and 7 (IQR 4-10) years in FEI competition. Respondents were mostly amateur (67%, 14/21), >40 years of age (86%, 18/21), female (76%, 16/21), riders (95%, 20/21), owners (91%, 19/21) and trainers (95%, 20/21) with ≤2 FEI level horses (53%, 11/21). Over half (62%, 13/21) intended to prepare horses for a 160 km competition over a 26-41 week season. Respondents reported using additional fitness training (86%, 18/21) and athlete support services such as chiropractic (29%, 6/21), massage (29%, 6/21) or physiotherapy (19%, 4/21) so they could ride better. Most (86%, 18/21) respondents reported they employed schooling using equitation techniques to develop riding skills and supple, sound, rideable horses. Ridden aerobic distance training was complemented with a median 6 (IQR 5-8) other training methods for convenience, enabling amateur respondents to schedule training around employment. Furthermore, respondents intended to use a series of 40-80 km rides for training purposes for most (94%, 34/36) horses instead of time-trial type training sessions reported in other countries. This cohort of experienced amateur semi-elite to competitive elite rider-owner-trainers in New Zealand appear to self-coach, taking responsibility for the development of their horses, and working pro-actively to improve aspects of their riding practices and training that might improve performance. These findings can inform further exploration of how rider characteristics inform and influence training and competition practice and outcomes.
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Newhall, Kristine. "“Mostly What We Do Is Ride Bikes”." TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly 8, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 349–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/23289252-9008989.
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Abstract As trans visibility grows, the investment in a sex/gender binary gets more entrenched in some cultural institutions, including—and maybe especially—sports. Policies governing gender identity in sports have multiplied since the 1990s. How sports governing bodies have approached policy creation has differed widely in the past two decades, reflecting philosophical differences regarding fairness of competition and ingrained beliefs about sex and gender. This article examines the policy created by an intercollegiate cycling conference using subculture theory to explain the divergence from extant policies. It also looks at the connection to the ongoing sex/gender verification process for elite female athletes and the ways in which all policing of gender is always already a legacy of imperialist practices.
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UpRichard, K., P. Piat, G. Beauchamp, S. Laverty, and Y. A. Elce. "Outcome after arthroscopic treatment of lateral femoral trochlear ridge osteochondrosis in sport horses." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 26, no. 02 (2013): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-11-12-0182.
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SummaryObjectives: To determine the short- and long-term outcome for sport horses after arthroscopic treatment of osteochondrosis of the lateral trochlear ridge of the femur.Methods: A retrospective study was performed using the medical records of horses intended for use as English sport horses. Outcome was obtained through telephone questionnaire.Results: Thirty-seven horses, mainly Warmbloods, underwent arthroscopic surgery for treatment of lateral femoral trochlear ridge osteochondrosis. Short-term outcome revealed that 27 of 37 horses had no complications. Seven horses had postoperative lameness and effusion which eventually resolved in four horses. Long-term outcome was available for 29 horses, of which 19 were performing to full expectations. Five horses were athletic but at a lower level than expected, and five horses were unable to be used. The depth of the lesion was significantly associated with short-term complications of effusion and lameness. The depth and length of the lesion were not associated with the long-term outcome, but involvement of structures other than the lateral trochlear ridge (patella, medial trochlear ridge) was associated with a worse prognosis.Clinical significance: The prognosis for sport horses following stifle arthroscopy for lateral trochlear ridge is similar to that reported in other studies and lesions at other sites within the stifle joint.
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DAVIS, DONA L., ANITA MAURSTAD, and SARAH DEAN. "‘I'd rather wear out than rust out’: autobiologies of ageing equestriennes." Ageing and Society 36, no. 2 (November 5, 2014): 333–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x14001172.
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ABSTRACTHorse–human relationships expressed as a kind of co-embodied engagement or mutual physicality between horse and rider receive note in emerging literatures on equine sports and multi-species ethnography. Less attention focuses on the impacts of equestrienne activities on ageing female bodies. This study is based on analysis of narrative data collected from open-ended qualitative interviews with 36 women, aged 40–70, who participate in a variety of equestrian activities and sports in the North American Midwest and Arctic Norway. Although ageing informants associate animal partnerships with the maintenance of health, and although informants' narratives show some accord with master narratives of ageing athletes identified by sports sociologists, the natures of horse–human relationships invite more explicit, horse- specific contexts of analysis. The phrase ‘autobiologies of ageing’ denotes how women's narratives of equestrienne ageing privilege and centre a subjective sense of physical identity or embodied self where the rider's experience of her body becomes entangled with and impartible from that of the horse or horses she rides.
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Davis, Dona Lee, Anita Maurstad, and Sarah Cowles. "“Riding up forested mountain sides, in wide open spaces, and with walls”." Humanimalia 4, no. 2 (February 4, 2013): 54–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.52537/humanimalia.9993.
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Multi-species ethnography calls for new ways of engaging the contact zones or areas of entanglements among humans and other species. A number of studies identify and describe the roles of embodiment and bonding in developing a sense of partnership or co-being between horse and rider that challenge hegemonic dualisms of horse-human or nature-culture. Less attention is paid to potential roles that the local physical environment or terrain where riding takes place can play in the development of particular horse-human relationships. Informed by a grounded practice theory approach, analysis of narrative data collected in sixty open-ended interviews with US Midwestern and north Norwegian horse people, who participate in different equestrian sports and ride within a variety of local settings, demonstrates complex ways in which terrains ridden effect a complex series of interwoven constructions of shared ecologies of horse-rider relations, identities, and psyches. Riding venues for this study include walled arenas, open spaces of the Great Plains, and forested mountains of Arctic Norway, wherein riders and horse enact their selves as highly schooled, deep thinkers; fearless, adrenaline junkies; self-pacing, heroic stoics, and/or as connoisseurs of nature’s versatility.
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Wychowański, Michał, Ryszard Biernat, and Agnieszka Witke. "Assessment of healthy students' locomotion in a wheelchair." Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism 20, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjst-2013-0022.
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Abstract Introduction.Efficient locomotion in a wheelchair is of great importance for the life quality of people with diseases that make them unable to walk, and also in many sport disciplines for the handicapped. The aim of this study was to compare the grip strength with the force of propulsion of a constrained wheelchair for different positioning of the hand on the wheel, and to observe the influence of grip strength and static propulsion force of the wheelchair on the results of a test ride on a given box-shaped path. Materials and methods. 84 healthy subjects took part in the test (52 female and 32 male), each being a Physiotherapy student of the Joseph Rusiecki Academy in Olsztyn. The grip strength measurement was conducted using a tensometric dynamometer in a sitting position. The propelling force was measured in static conditions with a dynamometer in three different hand positions on the push rim. The ability to move efficiently on a wheelchair was assessed on a “box” shaped track with measured completion times. Results. It was observed that women have lower grip strength of both hands than men and that their middle phalanx is shorter. In both groups a significant correlation was observed between grip strength and anthropometric parameters: body height, body weight, length of middle phalanx and between grip strength of the left and right hands. It has been found that grip strength is significantly correlated with the propulsion force of the wheelchair in almost all positions of the hand on the wheel. There was no significant correlation between the force generated with the left hand on the middle of the rim and the grip strength measured with a dynamometer. Men also achieved better results during the “box” test. A significant positive correlation was observed between body mass of both male and female subjects and the time of completing the “box” test. No correlation was found between the time of completing the “box” test and the propulsion force measured in constrains. Conclusions. Men achieve higher values of propulsion force than women in all cases of hand positioning on the wheel. Both men and women achieve highest values of propulsion force when positioning the hands in front of the rim. In all measured positions the average propulsion force was higher for men. In the case of healthy people who are not accustomed to using a wheelchair, the time of completing the “box” test depended mostly on their technical abilities and not their physical strength.