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Journal articles on the topic 'Sport specific performance'
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Emese, Csulak, Nora Sydo, István Györe, et al. "SPORT-SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 75, no. 11 (2020): 1561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(20)32188-4.
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Arnold, Tiz A. "The Sport Psychologist’s Handbook: A Guide for Sport-Specific Performance Enhancement." Sport Psychologist 20, no. 4 (2006): 515–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.20.4.515.
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Donohue, Brad, Yulia Gavrilova, Marina Galante, et al. "Controlled Evaluation of an Optimization Approach to Mental Health and Sport Performance." Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology 12, no. 2 (2018): 234–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2017-0054.
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Athletes experience unique stressors that have been indicated to compromise their mental wellness and sport performance, yet they underutilize mental health services. Indeed, very few mental health interventions for athletes have been developed to fit sport culture, and well-controlled mental health outcome research in athlete populations is warranted. In this randomized controlled trial, a sport specific optimization approach to concurrent mental health and sport performance (The Optimum Performance Program in Sports; TOPPS) was examined. Seventy-four collegiate athletes (NCAA = 42; club = 11; intramural = 21) formally assessed for mental health diagnostic severity were randomly assigned to TOPPS or campus counseling/psychological services as usual (SAU) after baseline. Dependent measures assessed general mental health, mood, mental health factors affecting sport performance in training, competition and life outside of sports, days using substances, sexual risk behaviors, happiness in relationships, relationships affecting sport performance, and contributions of relationship to sport performance. Intent to treat repeated measures analyses indicated that participants in TOPPS consistently demonstrated better outcomes than SAU up to 8-months post-randomization and for mental health/substance use measures, particularly when diagnostic criteria were most severe. Recommendations are provided in light of the results to assist sport-specific mental health intervention development and implementation within athlete populations.
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Trecroci, Athos, Marco Duca, Luca Cavaggioni, et al. "Relationship between Cognitive Functions and Sport-Specific Physical Performance in Youth Volleyball Players." Brain Sciences 11, no. 2 (2021): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11020227.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between basic cognitive functions and sport-specific physical performance in young volleyball players. Forty-three female volleyball players (age 11.2 ± 0.8 years) were tested for cognitive performance by measuring simple reaction time (clinical reaction time), executive control (Flanker task), and perceptual speed (visual search task). Moreover, a set of tests was used to assess physical abilities as volleyball-specific skills (accuracy of setting, passing, and serving) and motor skills (change of direction, vertical jump, and balance). A cumulated value for both cognitive and sport-specific physical performance tests was computed by adding up each test’s domain outcomes. Pearson’s r correlation analysis showed a large positive correlation (r = 0.45, d-value = 1.01) of the cumulated score summarizing cognitive functions with the cumulated score summarizing sport-specific physical performance. Moreover, small-to-medium correlations (d-value from 0.63 to 0.73) were found between cognitive and motor skills. Given the cumulative scores, these results suggest that volleyball athletes with superior basic cognitive functions present better sport-specific physical performance. Our findings encourage to extend the knowledge of the associations between cognitive and motor skills within a sports performance context.
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Ishøi, Lasse, Kristian Thorborg, Otto Kraemer, and Per Hölmich. "The association between specific sports activities and sport performance following hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome: A secondary analysis of a cross-sectional cohort study including 184 athletes." Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery 6, no. 2 (2019): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhps/hnz017.
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Abstract The main purpose of this secondary analysis was to compare the proportion of athletes with moderate-to-extreme difficulties in eight specific sport activities in athletes with optimal versus impaired sport performance after a hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome. Subjects were identified in a nationwide registry and invited to answer a return to sport and performance questionnaire, and the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score Sport subscale investigating difficulties in eight specific sports activities (HAGOS sport items) as; none, mild, moderate, severe or extreme. Subjects were divided into two groups based on sport performance (optimal or impaired). The proportion of athletes with none-to-mild versus moderate-to-extreme difficulties in the eight specific sport activities was compared between groups. The association between difficulties in sport activities and sport performance were investigated using logistic regression analysis. One hundred and eighty-four athletes (31 athletes with optimal and 153 athletes with impaired sport performance) were included at a mean follow-up of 33.1 ± 16.3 months. Up to six athletes (<20%) with optimal sport performance had moderate-to-extreme difficulties in sport activities. Contrary, 43–108 athletes (28.1–70.6%) with impaired performance had moderate-to-extreme difficulties in sport activities. Furthermore, moderate-to-extreme difficulties in HAGOS sport items: ‘running as fast as you can’ and ‘kicking, skating etc.’ increased the odds (14.7 and 6.1 times, respectively) of having impaired sport performance. Many athletes with impaired sport performance reported moderate-to-extreme difficulties in sport activities, specifically moderate-to-extreme difficulties in ‘running as fast as you can’ and ‘kicking, skating etc.’ were associated with patients having impaired sport performance.
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Jiang, Ruichen, Fei Xie, and Anmin Li. "Motor expertise and performance in sport-specific priming tasks: a systematic review and meta-analysis." PeerJ 9 (April 13, 2021): e11243. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11243.
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Objective The present study aimed to summarize findings relevant to the influence of motor expertise on performance in sport-specific priming tasks and to examine potential moderators of this effect. Methodology Data were collected from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), PsychInfo, Medline, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Baidu Scholar and Sport Discus and Dissertation Abstracts Online databases from January 1999 to April 2020, supplemented by manual bibliographies and meeting minutes. Stata software was used to perform the meta-analysis. Study quality was evaluated systematically using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). Standard mean differences (SMDs) with 95% CIs were calculated with a random-effects model. The Cochrane Q test and I2 statistic were used to evaluate heterogeneity. Begg funnel plots and Egger tests were conducted to assess publication bias. Results Nine articles (including 12 studies) were ultimately included in the meta-analysis. Significant heterogeneity was observed among these studies (Q = 44.42, P < 0.001, I2 = 75.2%) according to random-effects modeling. The results showed an overall advantage in favor of motor experts in sport-specific priming tasks (SMD = −1.01, 95% CI [−1.41 to −0.61]). However, the magnitude of that effect was moderated by sport type (interceptive sports/independent sports) and prime stimulus type (subliminal stimulus/supraliminal stimulus). No publication bias was detected by the Begg and Egger tests. Conclusions In general, compared with those of nonexperts, the responses of motor experts’ responses to a target stimulus are easier and faster when the prime and target stimuli are consistent. However, the magnitude of this effect is moderated by sport type and prime stimulus type.
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Adams, William M., Yuri Hosokawa, and Douglas J. Casa. "Body-Cooling Paradigm in Sport: Maximizing Safety and Performance During Competition." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 25, no. 4 (2016): 382–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2015-0008.
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Context:Although body cooling has both performance and safety benefits, knowledge on optimizing cooling during specific sport competition is limited.Objectives:To identify when, during sport competition, it is optimal for body cooling and to identify optimal body-cooling modalities to enhance safety and maximize sport performance.Evidence Acquisition:A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify articles with specific context regarding body cooling, sport performance, and cooling modalities used during sport competition. A search of scientific peer-reviewed literature examining the effects of body cooling on exercise performance was done to examine the influence of body cooling on exercise performance. Subsequently, a literature search was done to identify effective cooling modalities that have been shown to improve exercise performance.Evidence Synthesis:The cooling modalities that are most effective in cooling the body during sport competition depend on the sport, timing of cooling, and feasibility based on the constraints of the sports rules and regulations. Factoring in the length of breaks (halftime substitutions, etc), the equipment worn during competition, and the cooling modalities that offer the greatest potential to cool must be considered in each individual sport.Conclusions:Scientific evidence supports using body cooling as a method of improving performance during sport competition. Developing a strategy to use cooling modalities that are scientifically evidence-based to improve performance while maximizing athlete’s safety warrants further investigation.
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Doherty, Alison, and Graham Cuskelly. "Organizational Capacity and Performance of Community Sport Clubs." Journal of Sport Management 34, no. 3 (2020): 240–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2019-0098.
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Using a multidimensional framework, the authors developed the Community Sport Capacity Scale to measure the key elements of capacity in community sport organizations or clubs and investigate their relative impact on three key indicators of club performance. Presidents or their representatives from 336 community sport organizations in 20 sports across the province of Ontario, Canada, completed the web-based survey measuring the extent of various elements of human resources, infrastructure, finance, planning, and external relationships capacity. The survey also measured club operations, programs, and community presence, identified as key performance outcomes. Controlling for club size, elements representing all five capacity dimensions were significantly associated with the outcomes. The findings highlight the rich information that may be generated from a multidimensional and context-specific perspective on organizational capacity, and indicate implications for building capacity in community sport organizations.
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Morano, Milena, Claudio Robazza, Montse C. Ruiz, Stefania Cataldi, Francesco Fischetti, and Laura Bortoli. "Gender-Typed Sport Practice, Physical Self-Perceptions, and Performance-Related Emotions in Adolescent Girls." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (2020): 8518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208518.
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Youth sport experience provides opportunities for physical, personal, and social development in youngsters. Sport is a social system in which socially constructed gender differences and stereotypes are incorporated, and specific sport activities are often perceived as gender characterized. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between some salient physical and emotional self-perceptions and the type of sport practiced. A sample of 261 female athletes, aged 14–21 years (Mage = 15.59, SD = 2.00), practicing different sports, categorized as feminine (e.g., artistic and rhythmic gymnastics), masculine (e.g., soccer and rugby), or neutral (e.g., track and field and tennis), took part in a cross-sectional study. Significant differences were observed between aesthetic sports and other types of sports. Athletes involved in aesthetic sports reported the lowest values in their feelings of confidence and the highest values in feelings of worry related to competition. This may be attributed to the evaluation system of aesthetic sports, in which the athlete’s performance is evaluated by a jury. At the same time, they reported low values of dysfunctional psychobiosocial states associated with their general sport experience, likely because of their physical appearance close to the current body social standards for girls. Notwithstanding the differences by type of sport, athletes of all disciplines reported high mean values of functional psychobiosocial states, suggesting that their overall sporting experience was good.
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Summers, Jeffery J., Kerryn Miller, and Stephen Ford. "Attentional Style and Basketball Performance." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 13, no. 3 (1991): 239–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.13.3.239.
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The Test of Attentional and Interpersonal Style (TAIS) has been used to examine the attention-performance relationship in sport with mixed results. However, sport-specific versions of the TAIS attentional subscales appear to provide improved measurement of attentional processes in sport. The present study farther evaluated the utility of a sport-specific TAIS. A secondary aim was to examine the relationship between attentional style and competitive trait anxiety. The TAIS and a basketball-specific form (BB-TAIS) were administered to 110 basketball players classified into three skill-level groups. Both instruments were psychometrically similar. The bandwidth dimension was supported, although it appeared to be multidimensional. The validity of the direction dimension, however, remains inconclusive. Neither instrument was able to reliably discriminate between basketball players of different skill levels. Predicted relationships, however, were obtained between the BB-TAIS subscales and measures of competitive trait anxiety. The use of the TAIS as a research instrument for examining attentional styles in sport is questioned.
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Sterbenz, Tamás, Erika Gulyás, and Lili Kassay. "Incentive System in Hungarian High Performance Sport." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 64, no. 1 (2014): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2014-0025.
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AbstractThis study will attempt to describe the role of existing incentives which have a significant effect on Hungarian sport's performance. The aim of the paper is to understand why a large gap has emerged between successful elite sports and the popular but underperforming spectacular sport. According to the concept of dual competition, in addition to sport results, the analyzed fields also concern competition for resources, particularly for the attention of supporters and sponsors. The methodology of the analysis is fundamentally economic in nature; however, qualitative methods are also given emphasis, as the analyzed topic has specific characteristics. Based on new institutional economics, the study presumes that the behavior of organizations is determined by the decisions of bounded rational individuals, and highlights the significance of the created mechanisms and institutions.
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Schöffl, Volker, Olaf Pöppelmeier, Julia Emmler, Isabelle Schöffl, Thomas Küpper, and Christoph Lutter. "Ski Mountaineering – Evaluation of a Sports Specific Performance Diagnosis." Sportverletzung · Sportschaden 32, no. 04 (2018): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0598-7738.
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AbstractSki mountaineering (skimo) has recently gained popularity and established itself as a competition sport. It requires a specific training with a high hypoxic load. Although a variety of sport specific performance test protocols have been developed, a specific method for ski mountaineering (skimo) is pending. After the development of a sport specific ergometric protocol with recreational athletes in pre-tests a standard sport specific protocol was defined, concerning treadmill speed, slope and step test variables. This protocol was evaluated for its effectivity with members of the German national skimo team (6 male, 2 female). All athletes performed two spiroergometry test protocols, a standard bike test profile followed by sport specific spiroergometry. This skimo-specific test involved an incremental step test with skis on a treadmill, using a standard incline of 20° with an stepwise speed increase. Spiroergometry and blood lactate (BL) data were recorded and the first and second ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2) were determined. All athletes could complete the test without any technical problems and reached cardiopulmonary exhaustion. The mean test break off BL was 9.98 ± 2.0 mmol/L for the bike test, and 9.28 ± 2.3 mmol/L for the skimo test. The heart rate at VT1 as a percentage of the maximum heart rate did not differ significantly between protocols. Heart rates at VT2 did not significantly differ between both protocols, but varied in both directions. In three athletes, VO2max was higher in the skimo tests than in the bike tests, while the remaining five athletes exhibited the opposite situation. VO2max did not differ significantly between skimo and bike tests (p = 0.35), but it varied in both directions. Motion analysis revealed motoric deficits in two cases. The study indicates that skimo and bike tests are not fully comparable. The skimo and bike test results vary with respect to the majority of test parameters and statistical findings, nevertheless these findings were not statistically significant. These differences were furthermore found to be inconsistent, which is the most valuable finding of the study. It can thus be concluded that a sport specific test is important for both optimal exercise testing and the development of training recommendations for skimo athletes.
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Sajber, Dorica, Mia Peric, Miodrag Spasic, Natasa Zenic, and Damir Sekulic. "Sport-specific and anthropometric predictors of synchronised swimming performance." International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport 13, no. 1 (2013): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2013.11868629.
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Yu, Hyeonho, Hosung So, Minhyun Kim, and Taemin Ha. "The Effects of App-Based Feedback on Students’ Sport Knowledge in Sport Education Badminton Season." Journal of Health, Sports, and Kinesiology 2, no. 2 (2021): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47544/johsk.2021.2.2.43.
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Introduction Sport education is a curriculum model that helps students to be a competent, literate, and enthusiastic sportsperson (Siedentop et al., 2020). The effectiveness of the model on badminton skill development has been demonstrated by previous literature (Hastie et al., 2011). Along with the skill development, cognitive outcomes (e.g., sport-specific knowledge) are considered to be important parts of one’s performance in sports. Cognition of ‘how to play’ in a sport is associated with improved performances (Thomas & Thomas, 1994). Therefore, teaching sport knowledge is important to enhance the effectiveness of practice and gameplay. Thomas and Thomas (1994) described the three concepts of sport knowledge in performance: (a) declarative (factual information, such as rules), (b) procedural (techniques and tactics), and (c) strategic knowledge (knowing how to learn). Given that the nature of sport knowledge has great potential to be developed for all levels of players (Dexter, 1999), it is important to dive into diverse ways to boost students’ cognitive learning while playing sports in physical education. Using advanced video technology, such as motion analysis mobile applications (Apps) with a feature of live capture for instant feedback, may enhance cognitive learning outcomes in physical education. Video technology has grown rapidly to support learning in physical education over the past decades (Palao et al., 2015; Rikli & Smith, 1980; van Wieringen et al., 1989). However, little is known about the effectiveness of a motion analysis App on students’ sport knowledge enhancement in sport education. Therefore, the App-based feedback was examined to identify its effectiveness on students’ sport knowledge enhancement during sport education badminton season. Introduction Sport education is a curriculum model that helps students to be a competent, literate, and enthusiastic sportsperson (Siedentop et al., 2020). The effectiveness of the model on badminton skill development has been demonstrated by previous literature (Hastie et al., 2011). Along with the skill development, cognitive outcomes (e.g., sport-specific knowledge) are considered to be important parts of one’s performance in sports. Cognition of ‘how to play’ in a sport is associated with improved performances (Thomas & Thomas, 1994). Therefore, teaching sport knowledge is important to enhance the effectiveness of practice and gameplay. Thomas and Thomas (1994) described the three concepts of sport knowledge in performance: (a) declarative (factual information, such as rules), (b) procedural (techniques and tactics), and (c) strategic knowledge (knowing how to learn). Given that the nature of sport knowledge has great potential to be developed for all levels of players (Dexter, 1999), it is important to dive into diverse ways to boost students’ cognitive learning while playing sports in physical education. Using advanced video technology, such as motion analysis mobile applications (Apps) with a feature of live capture for instant feedback, may enhance cognitive learning outcomes in physical education. Video technology has grown rapidly to support learning in physical education over the past decades (Palao et al., 2015; Rikli & Smith, 1980; van Wieringen et al., 1989). However, little is known about the effectiveness of a motion analysis App on students’ sport knowledge enhancement in sport education. Therefore, the App-based feedback was examined to identify its effectiveness on students’ sport knowledge enhancement during sport education badminton season.
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Zhao, Yaping, and Jie Cai. "Analysis of Relevant Research Progress of Intelligent Sports Industry." E3S Web of Conferences 275 (2021): 02035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127502035.
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Intelligent sports industry is the organic combination of intelligent industry and sport industry, and it is industrialization performance of intelligent sport. Through literature analysis method and logical interpretation method, four aspects are sorted out into intelligent industry, sport industry, intelligent sport industry and intelligent sports industry, so as to clarify the current academic history and research dynamics of intelligent sport industry. Found: the overall trend of intelligent industry is analyzed, and the corresponding development path and development mode; different industries develop intelligent industry in different directions, and the lack of research, the specific industry, especially the sportindustry.
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Fletcher, Jared R., Tessa Gallinger, and Francois Prince. "How Can Biomechanics Improve Physical Preparation and Performance in Paralympic Athletes? A Narrative Review." Sports 9, no. 7 (2021): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports9070089.
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Recent research in Paralympic biomechanics has offered opportunities for coaches, athletes, and sports practitioners to optimize training and performance, and recent systematic reviews have served to summarize the state of the evidence connecting biomechanics to Paralympic performance. This narrative review serves to provide a comprehensive and critical evaluation of the evidence related to biomechanics and Paralympic performance published since 2016. The main themes within this review focus on sport-specific body posture: the standing, sitting, and horizontal positions of current summer Paralympic sports. For standing sports, sprint and jump mechanics were assessed in athletes with cerebral palsy and in lower-limb amputee athletes using running-specific prostheses. Our findings suggest that running and jumping-specific prostheses should be ‘tuned’ to each athlete depending on specific event demands to optimize performance. Standing sports were also inclusive to athletes with visual impairments. Sitting sports comprise of athletes performing on a bike, in a wheelchair (WC), or in a boat. WC configuration is deemed an important consideration for injury prevention, mobility, and performance. Other sitting sports like hand-cycling, rowing, and canoeing/kayaking should focus on specific sitting positions (e.g., arm-crank position, grip, or seat configuration) and ways to reduce aero/hydrodynamic drag. Para-swimming practitioners should consider athlete-specific impairments, including asymmetrical anthropometrics, on the swim-start and free-swim velocities, with special considerations for drag factors. Taken together, we provide practitioners working in Paralympic sport with specific considerations on disability and event-specific training modalities and equipment configurations to optimize performance from a biomechanical perspective.
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Paulson, Thomas, and Victoria Goosey-Tolfrey. "Current Perspectives on Profiling and Enhancing Wheelchair Court Sport Performance." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 12, no. 3 (2017): 275–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0231.
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Despite the growing interest in Paralympic sport, the evidence base for supporting elite wheelchair sport performance remains in its infancy when compared with able-bodied (AB) sport. Subsequently, current practice is often based on theory adapted from AB guidelines, with a heavy reliance on anecdotal evidence and practitioner experience. Many principles in training prescription and performance monitoring with wheelchair athletes are directly transferable from AB practice, including the periodization and tapering of athlete loads around competition, yet considerations for the physiological consequences of an athlete’s impairment and the interface between athlete and equipment are vital when targeting interventions to optimize in-competition performance. Researchers and practitioners are faced with the challenge of identifying and implementing reliable protocols that detect small but meaningful changes in impairment-specific physical capacities and on-court performance. Technologies to profile both linear and rotational on-court performance are an essential component of sport-science support to understand sport-specific movement profiles and prescribe training intensities. In addition, an individualized approach to the prescription of athlete training and optimization of the “wheelchair–user interface” is required, accounting for an athlete’s anthropometrics, sports classification, and positional role on court. In addition to enhancing physical capacities, interventions must focus on the integration of the athlete and his or her equipment, as well as techniques for limiting environmental influence on performance. Taken together, the optimization of wheelchair sport performance requires a multidisciplinary approach based on the individual requirements of each athlete.
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Burnie, Louise, Paul Barratt, Keith Davids, Joseph Stone, Paul Worsfold, and Jon Wheat. "Coaches’ philosophies on the transfer of strength training to elite sports performance." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 13, no. 5 (2017): 729–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954117747131.
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The objective of the study was to explore coaches’ philosophies regarding strength training (repetitive muscle actions against high loads) and the transfer of strength training to sports performance. Thirteen world class coaches and athletes from track cycling, Bicycle Moto-Cross (BMX), sprint kayaking, rowing and athletics sprinting were interviewed using an open-ended, semi-structured approach. Participants were asked about their coaching philosophies, design of athlete training programmes, strength training and its transfer to sports performance. A thematic analysis was conducted. Data trustworthiness was enhanced by methods of member checking and analyst triangulation. Coaches believed that task-specific strength is essential for sports performance. They reported that non-specific strength training (‘traditional’ gym-based strength exercises that are not specific to a sport movement) is important for increasing athletes’ muscle size and strength. This is typically used in conjunction with resisted sport movement training (for example, increased resistance running, pedalling or rowing), believed to achieve an effective transfer of enhanced muscle strength to sports performance. Coaches described the transfer process as complex, with factors associated with fatigue and coordination having particular significance. The importance that coaches place on coordination is supported by a theoretical model that demonstrates increases in muscle strength from strength training may need to be accompanied with a change in inter-muscular coordination to improve sport performance. The idea that each athlete needs to adapt intermuscular coordination in response to a change in his/her unique set of ‘organism constraints’ (e.g. muscle strength) is well described by the theory of ecological dynamics and Newell’s model of constraints.
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Formenti, Damiano, Alessio Rossi, Tindaro Bongiovanni, et al. "Effects of Non-Sport-Specific Versus Sport-Specific Training on Physical Performance and Perceptual Response in Young Football Players." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (2021): 1962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041962.
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This study aimed to compare the effects of non-sport-specific and sport-specific training methods on physical performance and perceptual response in young football players. Seventy-nine under 11 participants were selected and assigned to non-sport-specific (NSSG), sport-specific (SSG), and control (CNTG) groups. The NSSG training protocol consisted of combined stimuli based on balance, agility, and jump rope drills. The SSG training protocol included technical exercises, defensive and offensive game-based drills, and a small-sided game. The CNTG included the participants not taking part in any sport training. All participants were tested for general motor coordination (Harre test), dynamic balance (Lower Quarter Y-balance test), and dribbling before and after 10 weeks of training (NSSG and SSG) or habitual activity (CNTG). At post-intervention, perceived enjoyment was requested by the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES). A two-way repeated measure analysis of covariance was used to detect interactions and main effects of time and groups controlling for baseline values. Whereas, a one-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate PACES-related differences between groups. NSSG gained greater improvements (p < 0.05) compared with SSG in the Harre and Lower Quarter Y-balance tests, while dribbling skills improved similarly in both groups. Regarding PACES, NSSG and SSG presented a comparable perceived enjoyment. These findings suggest that a 10-week non-sport-specific training is an enjoyable practice capable to promote greater improvements in general motor coordination and dynamic balance compared with sport-specific training in youth football players. This can occur without impairment of football-specific skills.
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Pucsok, József Márton, Gergely Ráthonyi, Katalin Varga, et al. "IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC SELECTION CRITERIA IN YOUNG BALL SPORT PLAYERS." Stadium - Hungarian Journal of Sport Sciences 3, no. 2 (2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36439/shjs/2020/2/8595.
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Background: Our study aimed to analyze body composition and spiroergometric data of young (14-15 years) elite level ball sport players. We suggested three-ball sports (handball, soccer, and basketball) share common performance indicators, as rapid intermittent movements primarily characterize each ball sport. 
 Methods: We selected one-hundred and ten, handball (n=30), basketball (n=40), and soccer (n=40) players male and female from local clubs in Hungary. Seventy-nine males and thirty-one females participated in our study; their average age was 14.51 and 14.56, respectively. 
 They participated in laboratory testing; the protocol included a body composition analysis and spiroergometric tests. We measured body composition and physiological parameters utilizing an In Body 720 device and a standard Bruce treadmill protocol. Although we were aware of the Bruce protocol limitations in elite athletes, we choose this protocol as a safer alternative for younger inexperienced athletes. 
 Results and conclusions: We concluded that in young male soccer and basketball players, mean peak /load (W), peak/VE (l), peak/Vtex (l), peak/VO2 (ml/min), peak/VCO2 (ml/min), and peak/ O2 pulse (ml) data is a reliable indicator of the sport-specific performance. We may also suggest that in our male basketball and handball players' population, peak/Vtex (l) is the only variable, which is significantly different. Between groups of male handball and soccer players, peak/VO2/kg (ml/min) may be a valid performance indicator. Among female basketball and handball players, we found a significant difference in three performance variables: peak/Vtex (l), peak/VO2 (ml/min), and peak/ O2 pulse (ml).
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Pucsok, József Márton, Gergely Ráthonyi, Katalin Varga, et al. "IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC SELECTION CRITERIA IN YOUNG BALL SPORT PLAYERS." Stadium - Hungarian Journal of Sport Sciences 3, no. 2 (2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36439/shjs/2020/2/8595.
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Background: Our study aimed to analyze body composition and spiroergometric data of young (14-15 years) elite level ball sport players. We suggested three-ball sports (handball, soccer, and basketball) share common performance indicators, as rapid intermittent movements primarily characterize each ball sport. 
 Methods: We selected one-hundred and ten, handball (n=30), basketball (n=40), and soccer (n=40) players male and female from local clubs in Hungary. Seventy-nine males and thirty-one females participated in our study; their average age was 14.51 and 14.56, respectively. 
 They participated in laboratory testing; the protocol included a body composition analysis and spiroergometric tests. We measured body composition and physiological parameters utilizing an In Body 720 device and a standard Bruce treadmill protocol. Although we were aware of the Bruce protocol limitations in elite athletes, we choose this protocol as a safer alternative for younger inexperienced athletes. 
 Results and conclusions: We concluded that in young male soccer and basketball players, mean peak /load (W), peak/VE (l), peak/Vtex (l), peak/VO2 (ml/min), peak/VCO2 (ml/min), and peak/ O2 pulse (ml) data is a reliable indicator of the sport-specific performance. We may also suggest that in our male basketball and handball players' population, peak/Vtex (l) is the only variable, which is significantly different. Between groups of male handball and soccer players, peak/VO2/kg (ml/min) may be a valid performance indicator. Among female basketball and handball players, we found a significant difference in three performance variables: peak/Vtex (l), peak/VO2 (ml/min), and peak/ O2 pulse (ml).
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Mohtadi, Nicholas G., and Denise S. Chan. "Return to Sport-Specific Performance After Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review." American Journal of Sports Medicine 46, no. 13 (2017): 3307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546517732541.
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Background: Physicians counseling athletes on the prognosis of sport-specific performance outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) depend on the published literature. However, critical appraisal of the validity and biases in these studies is required to understand how ACLR affects an athlete’s ability to return to sport, the athlete’s sport-specific performance, and his or her ability to achieve preinjury levels of performance. Purpose: This review identifies the published prognostic studies evaluating sport-specific performance outcomes after ACLR. A risk of bias assessment and summaries of return to sport and career longevity results are provided for each included study. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: Electronic databases (Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and PUBMED) were searched via a defined search strategy with no limits, to identify relevant studies for inclusion in the review. A priori defined eligibility criteria included studies measuring sport-specific performance within an athlete’s sport, before and after primary ACLR. Reference lists of eligible studies were hand-searched for additional relevant studies. Data extraction was performed by use of a standardized spreadsheet. Each included study was assessed by use of 6 bias domains of the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool to critically appraise study participation, study attrition, prognostic factors, outcome measurement, confounders, and statistical analysis and reporting. Two authors independently performed each stage of the review and reached consensus through discussion. Results: Fifteen pertinent prognostic studies evaluated sport-specific performance outcomes and/or return to play after ACLR for athletes participating in competitive soccer, football, ice hockey, basketball, Alpine ski, X-Games ski and snowboarding, and baseball. Twelve of these studies were considered to have a high level of bias. Conclusion: This review demonstrated that most high-performance or professional athletes returned to their preinjury level of sport after ACLR. The bulk of evidence suggests there was a measurable decrease in performance statistics, although this is highly sport-specific. A paucity of literature is available that addresses sport-specific performance in athletes after ACLR. This review has determined that the available literature is highly biased and must be read with caution. Clinical Relevance: By better understanding the validity and biases in the published literature, physicians can provide more informed prognoses about return to sport-specific performance after ACLR while considering risk factors relevant to their patients. Registration: CRD42016046709 (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ )
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Donohue, Bradley, Elena Gavrilova, Michelle Strong, and Daniel N. Allen. "A sport-specific optimization approach to mental wellness for youth in low-income neighborhoods." European Physical Education Review 26, no. 3 (2020): 695–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356336x20905324.
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Psychiatric disorders, particularly substance use disorders, are an impactful and highly prevalent public health concern in youth from low-income neighborhoods (YLINs). Indeed, prevention and intervention programs for mental health disorders that have evidenced improvements in youth from general population are not well integrated into community resources of YLINs and appear to be a poor fit for YLINs. Along this vein, experts have indicated there is an immediate need to empirically refine existing evidence-based mental health programs to be less stigmatizing, more culturally sensitive, relevant, and engaging for YLINs. To assist in addressing this need, we describe an innovative sport-specific optimization approach to mental wellness that is tailored for use in YLINs. Derived from Family Behavior Therapy, The Optimum Performance Programme in Sports (TOPPS) was developed to be implemented within the umbrella of well-established sport organizations that are accepted within low-income communities (e.g. YMCA, Boys & Girls Club) or primary and secondary school systems. TOPPS is designed to address both prevention and intervention of mental health disorders through a focus on overall wellness and sport performance, and incorporation of engagement methods, significant others, sport/physical education, and evidence-supported methods of addressing culture. Given the absence of sport-specific mental health intervention for youth, TOPPS may be appropriate in this population. However, formal evaluation of TOPPS in youth samples is warranted.
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Townsend, Robert C., Tabo Huntley, Christopher J. Cushion, and Hayley Fitzgerald. "‘It’s not about disability, I want to win as many medals as possible’: The social construction of disability in high-performance coaching." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 55, no. 3 (2018): 344–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690218797526.
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This article draws on the theoretical concepts of Pierre Bourdieu to provide a critical analysis of the social construction of disability in high-performance sport coaching. Data were generated using a qualitative cross-case comparative methodology, comprising 18 months of ethnographic fieldwork in high-performance disability sport, and interviews with coaches and athletes from a cross-section of Paralympic sports. We discuss how in both cases ‘disability’ was assimilated into the ‘performance logic’ of the sporting field as a means of maximising symbolic capital. Furthermore, coaches were socialised into a prevailing legitimate culture in elite disability sport that was reflective of ableist, performance-focused and normative ideologies about disability. In this article we unpack the assumptions that underpin coaching in disability sport, and by extension use sport as a lens to problematise the construction of disability in specific social formations across coaching cultures. In so doing, we raise critical questions about the interrelation of disability and sport.
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Barfield, Jeff W., and Gretchen D. Oliver. "Sport Specialization and Single-Legged–Squat Performance Among Youth Baseball and Softball Athletes." Journal of Athletic Training 54, no. 10 (2019): 1067–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-356-18.
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Context Previous research has indicated that throwing sports expose athletes to overuse injuries and that specialization in sport is linked to injury. However, the effect of overexposure to a throwing sport on a dynamic movement task is unknown. Objective To determine if sport specialization in youth throwing athletes affected performance on the single-legged squat (SLS). Design Descriptive laboratory study. Setting University research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants A total of 49 youth baseball and softball athletes (23 baseball, 26 softball; age = 12.96 ± 2.32 years, height = 165.01 ± 13.05 cm, mass = 61.42 ± 13.04 kg) were recruited. Main Outcome Measure(s) Participants were grouped into 3 categories based on specialization definitions: (1) 8 months or longer in season, (2) 8 months or longer in training, or (3) 8 months or longer in season and previously quit another sport. We measured SLS kinematics and used a set of 1-way multivariate analyses of variances to determine if trunk kinematics differed by group. Results Athletes who spent 8 months or more in sport-specific training exhibited significantly more trunk control, revealed by less trunk lateral flexion (Λ = 0.69, F6,38 = 2.89, P = .020) and less trunk flexion (Λ = 0.69, F6,38 = 2.88, P = .021) throughout an SLS. Conclusions These results agree with the principle of specific adaptation to imposed demands. Surprisingly, athletes who spent 8 months or more playing a unilateral sport showed no differences in SLS performance. Clinicians should emphasize that neuromuscular adaptations of the lumbopelvic-hip complex for dynamic movement, such as an SLS, may be achieved through training instead of strict sport participation. Future researchers should consider how much of the training protocol is actually specialized for sport training.
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Brocherie, Franck, Grégoire P. Millet, Anna Hauser, et al. "Association of Hematological Variables with Team-Sport Specific Fitness Performance." PLOS ONE 10, no. 12 (2015): e0144446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0144446.
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Phillips, Kevin C., Joseph M. Sassaman, and James M. Smoliga. "Optimizing Rock Climbing Performance Through Sport-Specific Strength and Conditioning." Strength and Conditioning Journal 34, no. 3 (2012): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0b013e318255f012.
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Habay, Jelle, Jeroen Van Cutsem, Jo Verschueren, et al. "Mental Fatigue and Sport-Specific Psychomotor Performance: A Systematic Review." Sports Medicine 51, no. 7 (2021): 1527–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01429-6.
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Ambrosini, Luca, Valentina Presta, Matteo Goldoni, et al. "Are We Able to Match Non Sport-Specific Strength Training with Endurance Sports? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis to Plan the Best Training Programs for Endurance Athletes." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (2021): 7280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167280.
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Non-sport-specific strength training is a way to increase endurance performance; however, which kind of exercise (maximal, plyometric, explosive or resistance strength training) gives the best results is still under debate. Scientific publications were analyzed according to the PRISMA checklist and statement. The initial search yielded 500 studies, 17 of which were included in this review using the PEDro Scale. Maximal strength training boosted the ability to express strength particularly in cross-country skiing and cycling, increasing endurance performance, measured as a decrease of the endurance performance tests. In running, explosive strength training did not generate advantages, whereas plyometric strength training led to an improvement in the endurance performance tests and work economy. In running it was possible to compare different types of non sport-specific strength training and the plyometric one resulted the best training methodology to enhance performance. However, studies on other sports only investigated the effects of maximal strength training. It resulted more effective in cross-country skiing (although only one study was eligible according to the inclusion criteria) and in the cycling component of the triathlon and, by contrast, induced modest effects on cyclists’ performance, suggesting different type of strength would probably be more effective. In conclusion, each sport might optimize performance by using appropriate non sport-specific strength training, which, however, should be studied individually.
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Stepto, Nigel K., Benjamin Shipperd, Graeme Hyman, Bernie V. McInerney, and David B. Pyne. "Branch Chain Amino Acids Enhances Post Exercise Sport Specific Skill Test Performance in Team Sport Athletes." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 42 (May 2010): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000386252.92148.81.
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Soronovych, Igor, Chenguang Mu, Di Huang, and Andrii Diachenko. "SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MODELING AS A FEATURE OF MANAGING THE FUNCTIONAL CAPABILITIES AMONG QUALIFIED DANCE ATHLETES." Sport Science and Human Health 5, no. 1 (2021): 149–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2664-2069.2021.111.
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Introduction. Current trends in the development of sports dance indicate the impact of modern knowledge of sports science on the system of improving the functional support of special performance of dancers. The lack of a systematic approach to the management of training loads significantly affects the formation of specific methodological approaches to improving the special performance of dancers, taking into account the specific characteristics of training inherent in sports that combine sports and art. The aim is to develop a systematic approach aimed at modeling the special functional training of dancers, taking into account the specific requirements of training in sport dances. Material and methods: analysis of special scientific and methodical literature. Theoretical research methods: analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, concretization, systematization. Results. The structure and algorithm of realization of modeling of special functional preparation in sports dance are developed: 1) Structural organization of the analysis directed on formation of the system approach to modeling of sports training. 2) Specific principles of forming a systematic approach to modeling the training of dancers. 3) Structural and logical scheme of modeling the functional readiness of dancers. 4) Characteristics of models of training of athletes-dancers. 5) Aids for modeling the readiness of athletes in sport dances. Conclusions. The system approach is developed on the basis of the model-target approach of realization of modeling as functions of management of special functional preparation of athlete-dancers. The formation of the structural components of the model-target approach requires taking into account the specific components of training and preparedness inherent in sports that combine sport and art. The structural and logical scheme of realization of the model-target approach provides the algorithm which purpose consists in formation of the software of special functional preparation in sports dance.
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Eraslan, Leyla, Birgit Castelein, Valentien Spanhove, Ceren Orhan, Irem Duzgun, and Ann Cools. "Effect of Plyometric Training on Sport Performance in Adolescent Overhead Athletes: A Systematic Review." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 13, no. 1 (2020): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738120938007.
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Context: Plyometric training has been shown to be beneficial in adolescent overhead athletes. However, existing research on the effects of plyometrics on sport performance has been limited. Objective: To systematically review the current literature to investigate whether plyometric training intervention improves upper- and lower-body sport performance. Data Sources: Two electronic databases (MEDLINE and Web of Science) were searched using specific Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms up to February 2019, and hand-searching was performed by looking to relevant studies that were cited in other studies. Study Selection: A total of 932 items were identified and were further assessed for the eligibility in the systematic review. For a study to be eligible, each of the following inclusion criteria had to be met: (1) participants were aged 13 to 18 years and selected from a sports or athletic population and the study (2) involved the evaluation of a plyometric training intervention with an aim to improve sports performance; (3) must have included a control intervention and/or control group; (4) included a quantitative objective measure of sport performance variables concerning throwing, jumping, running, and sprinting; and (5) was published in English. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Data Extraction: A first screening was conducted based on title and abstract of the articles. In the second screening, the full text of the remaining articles was evaluated for the fulfillment of the inclusion criteria. Results: A total of 14 studies were included in this review. The methodological quality of the included studies ranged from low to moderate. There is moderate evidence that plyometric training intervention improves throwing and jumping performances. There is also preliminary evidence that plyometric training intervention improves sprint performance. Conclusion: The current evidence suggests that sport performance consisting of throwing capacity, jumping ability, and sprint performance significantly improved due to plyometric training interventions in adolescent overhead athletes.
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Kovacs, Mark S., and Thomas Katzfey. "A Sport-specific Performance and Prevention Program for the Throwing Quarterback." Strength and Conditioning Journal 37, no. 6 (2015): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0000000000000157.
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Ganio, Matthew S., Jennifer F. Klau, Douglas J. Casa, Lawrence E. Armstrong, and Carl M. Maresh. "Effect of Caffeine on Sport-Specific Endurance Performance: A Systematic Review." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 23, no. 1 (2009): 315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e31818b979a.
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Wylie, Lee J., Magni Mohr, Peter Krustrup, et al. "Dietary nitrate supplementation improves team sport-specific intense intermittent exercise performance." European Journal of Applied Physiology 113, no. 7 (2013): 1673–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-013-2589-8.
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Pyne, David B., and Rick L. Sharp. "Physical and Energy Requirements of Competitive Swimming Events." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 24, no. 4 (2014): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0047.
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The aquatic sports competitions held during the summer Olympic Games include diving, open-water swimming, pool swimming, synchronized swimming, and water polo. Elite-level performance in each of these sports requires rigorous training and practice to develop the appropriate physiological, biomechanical, artistic, and strategic capabilities specific to each sport. Consequently, the daily training plans of these athletes are quite varied both between and within the sports. Common to all aquatic athletes, however, is that daily training and preparation consumes several hours and involves frequent periods of high-intensity exertion. Nutritional support for this high-level training is a critical element of the preparation of these athletes to ensure the energy and nutrient demands of the training and competition are met. In this article, we introduce the fundamental physical requirements of these sports and specifically explore the energetics of human locomotion in water. Subsequent articles in this issue explore the specific nutritional requirements of each aquatic sport. We hope that such exploration will provide a foundation for future investigation of the roles of optimal nutrition in optimizing performance in the aquatic sports.
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Estevan, Isaac, Octavio Álvarez, Coral Falcó, and Isabel Castillo. "Self-efficacy and performance of the roundhouse kick in taekwondo." Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas 9, no. 2 (2014): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/rama.v9i2.1323.
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Development of self-efficacy scales allows the analysis of athletes’ perceptions and examination of the relationship between perception and performance. The aim of this paper was to: (1) develop a specific self-efficacy scale in a taekwondo task, the roundhouse kick, and (2) analyse the sport performance and its relationship with two self-efficacy scales (specific and general) outcomes according to the athletes’ gender.<strong> </strong>Forty-three taekwondo athletes (33 male and 10 female) participated in this study. The Physical (PSE) and Specific (RKSES) self-efficacy scales were administered. Performance data (impact force and total response time) were acquired by athletes kicking twice to an instrumented target. Results showed that the specific self-efficacy scale has high reliability and is able to predict sport performance in males and females. Males had higher self-efficacy scores and also higher performance results than females. Females’ taekwondo psychological training should be focus on improving their self-efficacy perception in order to increase their performance in the roundhouse kick. This specific self-efficacy scale for the taekwondo roundhouse kick offers empirical information to coaches, sport psychologists and researchers that allow them to predict athletes’ sport performance in the roundhouse kick.
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Di Corrado, Donatella, Maria Guarnera, Francesca Vitali, Alessandro Quartiroli, and Marinella Coco. "Imagery ability of elite level athletes from individual vs. team and contact vs. no-contact sports." PeerJ 7 (May 22, 2019): e6940. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6940.
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Background In the sport context, imagery has been described as the condition in which persons imagine themselves while executing skills to deal with the upcoming task or enhance performance. Systematic reviews have shown that mental imagery improves performance in motor tasks Methods The aim of the present study was to explore whether imagery vividness (i.e., the clarity or realism of the imagery experience) and controllability (i.e., the ease and accuracy with which an image can be manipulated mentally) differ by sport types (team vs. individual and contact vs. non-contact). Participants were athletes from team contact and non-contact sports (rugby and volleyball, respectively), and individual contact and non-contact sports (karate and tennis, respectively) between the ages of 20 and 33 years (M = 24.37, SD = 2.85). The participants completed the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire, the Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire-2, and the Mental Image Transformation Tasks. Results A 2 ×2 × 2 (gender × 2 contact-no-contact × 2 sport type) between groups MANOVA showed differences in imagery ability by sport type. Practical indications deriving from the findings of this study can help coaches and athletes to develop mental preparation programs using sport-specific imagery.
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Gallotta, Maria Chiara, Valerio Bonavolontà, Giovanna Zimatore, Sara Iazzoni, Laura Guidetti, and Carlo Baldari. "Effects of Open (Racket) and Closed (Running) Skill Sports Practice on Children’s Attentional Performance." Open Sports Sciences Journal 13, no. 1 (2020): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1875399x02013010105.
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Aims: The first aim of the study was to examine the attentional performance of children (8–13 years of age) who practiced two different sport disciplines: Open skill sport – racket and closed skill sport – running and also to investigate the acute effects of these two specific training sessions on children’s immediate and delayed attentional performance. The second aim of the present study was to verify gender differences in attentional performance. Eighteen children+ (8 girls and 10 boys; age = 10.6 ± 1.5 yrs; height = 144.3 ± 12.2 cm; weight = 44.2 ± 12.5 kg; BMI = 20.8 ± 2.7 kg/m2) engaged in a racket sports and eighteen children (9 girls and 9 boys; age = 9.9 ± 1.2 yrs; height = 142.4 ± 9.5 cm; weight = 40.0 ± 8.6 kg; BMI = 19.6 ± 2.4 kg/m2) engaged in running were enrolled. Methods: Children’s training and experience with these activities averaged 2.3 (± 1.0) years. Children’s attentional capacity was measured before, immediately after and 50 minutes after each specific training session by the d2 test of attention. This paper -and -pencil letter cancellation test evaluated concentration and sustained attention under stress induced by a fixed executing time. A 2 (Sport: open vs closed skill) x 2 (Gender: boys vs girls) x 3 (Time: pre vs 0’ post vs 50’ post) repeated measures ANOVA for time was used to compare the effect of an open skill session and a closed skill session on the individual attentional variables. Results: Children of open skill sport showed higher attentional scores (higher processing speed - TN, higher concentration performance - CP and lower percentage of errors - E%; p < 0.01), improved CP from pre to 0’ post intervention (p = 0.01) and maintained this improved performance at 50’ post intervention (50’ post vs pre; p < 0.01), and decreased E% from pre to 0’ post intervention (p = 0.01) and maintained this improvement at 50’ post intervention (50’ post vs pre; p < 0.001). Children of closed skill sport significantly decreased their CP from pre to 50’ post intervention (50’ post vs pre; p = 0.001 and 50’ post vs 0’ post; p < 0.0001) and worsened their E% across the time (50’ post vs pre; p = 0.001 and 50’ post vs 0’ post; p < 0.0001). Boys showed significantly higher TN values than girls only in closed skill sport (p = 0.023). Finally, all girls of both open and closed skill sports significantly improved their CP from pre to 0’ post intervention (p = 0.04). Conclusion: Results of the study showed that open skill sport practice and training session positively affects children’s attentional performance.
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Benardot, Dan. "Working with Young Athletes: Views of a Nutritionist on the Sports Medicine Team." International Journal of Sport Nutrition 6, no. 2 (1996): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.6.2.110.
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Athletes are influenced by coaches, other athletes, media, parents, the national sport governing body, members of the sports medicine team, and the athlete's own desire for success. It is impossible, therefore, for one member of the sports medicine team to unilaterally determine workable solutions that enhance performance and diminish health problems in an athlete. A focus on ensuring that the athlete can perform to the best of her ability is a key to encouraging discussion between the nutritionist, athlete, and coach. Using the assumption that health and top athletic performance are compatible, this focus on performance provides a discussion point that all parties can agree to and, if approached properly, also fulfills the nutritionist's goal of achieving optimal nutritional status. Membership on the sports medicine team mandates that the nutritionist know the paradigms and health risks associated with the sport and develop assessment and feedback procedures specific to the athlete's needs.
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Cicchella, Antonio. "Cognitive Enhancement of Sport Technique Learning by Sleep: A Systematic Review." Sleep and Vigilance 4, no. 2 (2020): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41782-020-00107-3.
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Abstract Purpose The importance of sleep in enhancing the consolidation of memory for movements has been demonstrated. A possible application of sleep manipulation to sport techniques learning is also potentially helpful for training. Method Eligibility criteria encompass the group of studies (cross-sectionals and interventions) on humans correlating sleep with physical performance. A search on the topic was performed in Medline. Results After a review of sleep organization and memory systems, an overview of literature specific to learning and sport performance is presented. Building on existing literature, it was found that, in the short period after awakening from a night deprived of sleep, a strong activation of CNS happens possibly due to increased catecholamines secretions. This is thought to benefit performance in sports of short duration where the nervous component is predominant, such as jumping and sprinting. On the contrary, complex cognitive tasks performed in sports such as tennis are instead impaired by sleep deprivation. The same applies for maximal performance in endurance running and weightlifting. Placement of a cognitive challenging training before sleep can therefore benefit the acceleration of the learning process of a novel motor task. Conclusion Cognitive and emotionally challenging tasks promote an increase of deep sleep, due to the stress put on the brain during learning. In conclusion, practice and/or rehearsal of complex techniques before sleep appears to accelerate the learning process, increasing accuracy and decreasing error rate. However, few studies exist on specific sport techniques, and further research is needed.
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Thomas, Jerry R., Karen E. French, and Charlotte A. Humphries. "Knowledge Development and Sport Skill Performance: Directions for Motor Behavior Research." Journal of Sport Psychology 8, no. 4 (1986): 259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsp.8.4.259.
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In this paper we propose that research in motor behavior has failed to meet the obligation of studying how children learn important sport skills. In particular, understanding the specific sport knowledge base is essential to studying skilled sport behavior. To support this view we review the research in the cognitive area relative to the development of expertise. We then attempt to justify why a similar approach is useful for motor behavior researchers and why they should undertake the study of sport skill acquisition. Finally, we offer a paradigm within which sport skill research might take place.
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Quintana, C., N. R. Heebner, A. D. Olson, J. P. Abt, and M. C. Hoch. "Sport-specific differences in dynamic visual acuity and gaze stabilization in division-I collegiate athletes." Journal of Vestibular Research 30, no. 4 (2020): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-200710.
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BACKGROUND: The vestibular-ocular reflex (VOR) integrates the vestibular and ocular systems to maintain gaze during head motion. This reflex is often negatively affected following sport-related concussion. Objective measures of gaze stability, a function mediated by the VOR, such as the computerized dynamic visual acuity test (DVAT) and gaze stabilization test (GST), may have utility in concussion management. However, normative data specific to sport, sex, or concussion history have not been established in collegiate athletes. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to establish normative values for the DVAT and GST in collegiate athletes and explore the effect of sport, sex, and concussion history on VOR assessments. METHODS: The DVAT and GST were completed by 124 collegiate athletes (72 male, 52 female, mean±SD, age: 19.71±1.74 years, height: 173.99±13.97 cm, weight: 80.06±26.52 kg) recruited from Division-I athletic teams (football, soccer and cheerleading). The DVAT and GST were performed in the rightward and leftward directions during a single session in a standardized environment. Normative values for DVAT and GST measures were expressed as percentiles. Non-parametric statistics were used to compare differences between groups based on sex, sport, and concussion history. Alpha was set a-priori at 0.05. RESULTS: Overall, the median LogMAR unit for 124 athletes completing the DVAT was 0 (IQR = 0.17) for both leftward and rightward. The median velocities achieved on the GST were 145 °/sec and 150 °/sec (IQR = 45 and 40) for the leftward and rightward directions respectively. Significant differences were observed between sports (p = 0.001–0.17) for the GST with cheerleading demonstrating higher velocities than the other sports. However, no significant differences were identified based on sex (p≥0.09) or history of concussion (p≥0.15). CONCLUSIONS: Normative estimates for the DVAT and GST may assist in the clinical interpretation of outcomes when used in post-concussion evaluation for collegiate athletes. Although sex and previous concussion history had no effect on the DVAT or GST, performance on these measures may be influenced by type of sport. Sport-related differences in the GST may reflect VOR adaptations based on individual sport-specific demands.
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Gatterer, Hannes, Tobias Dünnwald, Rachel Turner, et al. "Practicing Sport in Cold Environments: Practical Recommendations to Improve Sport Performance and Reduce Negative Health Outcomes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (2021): 9700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189700.
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Although not a barrier to perform sport, cold weather environments (low ambient temperature, high wind speeds, and increased precipitation, i.e., rain/water/snow) may influence sport performance. Despite the obvious requirement for practical recommendations and guidelines to better facilitate training and competition in such cold environments, the current scientific evidence-base is lacking. Nonetheless, this review summarizes the current available knowledge specifically related to the physiological impact of cold exposure, in an attempt to provide practitioners and coaches alike with practical recommendations to minimize any potential negative performance effects, mitigate health issues, and best optimize athlete preparation across various sporting disciplines. Herein, the review is split into sections which explore some of the key physiological effects of cold exposure on performance (i.e., endurance exercise capacity and explosive athletic power), potential health issues (short-term and long-term), and what is currently known with regard to best preparation or mitigation strategies considered to negate the potential negative effects of cold on performance. Specific focus is given to “winter” sports that are usually completed in cold environments and practical recommendations for physical preparation.
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Hillman, Sue. "Principles and Techniques of Open Kinetic Chain Rehabilitation: The Upper Extremity." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 3, no. 4 (1994): 319–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.3.4.319.
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The kinetic chain is open in the upper extremity skills used in most sports. Although closed chain exercises will increase stability, open chain strengthening is more sport specific. This article addresses general concepts of upper extremity rehabilitation, including exercises to restore normal range of motion, joint mechanics, and muscle strength. The roles of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, plyometric training, and elastic band exercises are also discussed. Finally, a progression of specificity training is presented to return the athlete to successful sport performance.
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Sors, Fabrizio, Mauro Murgia, Ilaria Santoro, and Tiziano Agostini. "Audio-Based Interventions in Sport." Open Psychology Journal 8, no. 1 (2015): 212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874350101508010212.
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In common practice, sports-perceptual interventions are mainly based on vision. However, research demonstrates that sporting performance can also be improved through the use of sounds, showing the relevance of the auditory channel to convey sports-related information, which can positively affect athletes’ motor outcomes. This review examines the potential of audio-based interventions in sport. The relevant concepts are defined, a brief overview of the techniques based on vision is given and laboratory studies demonstrating the effectiveness of sounds in improving the execution of simple rhythmic motor tasks are reviewed. Subsequently, neurophysiological evidence of the influence of sounds on the motor regions of the brain is provided and different kinds of audio-based interventions, emphasising their methodological details and the effects of their application to specific sporting performances are described. Finally, recommendations for further research in this field, aimed both at maximizing the potential of audio-based interventions and their implementation at applied sporting contexts, are suggested.
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Capranica, Laura, and Mindy L. Millard-Stafford. "Youth Sport Specialization: How to Manage Competition and Training?" International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 6, no. 4 (2011): 572–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.6.4.572.
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A prevailing theory (and practical application) is that elite performance requires early childhood skill development and training across various domains, including sport. Debate continues whether children specializing early (ie, training/competition in a single sport) have true advantage compared with those who sample various sports early and specialize in a single sport later (adolescence). Retrospective data and case studies suggest either model yields elite status depending upon the sport category (ie, situational: ball games, martial arts, fencing; quantitative: track and feld, swimming, skiing; or qualitative: gymnastics, diving, figure skating). However, potential risks of early specialization include greater attrition and adverse physical/emotional health outcomes. With the advent of the IOC Youth Olympic Games, increased emphasis on global youth competition has unknown implications but also represents a potential platform for investigation. Modification of youth competition formats should be based upon multidisciplinary research on psycho-physiological responses, and technical-tactical behaviors during competition. The assumption that a simple scaled-down approach of adult competitions facilitates the development of technical/tactical skills of youth athletes is not necessarily substantiated with field-based research. Relatively little evidence exists regarding the long-term effects of rigorous training and competitive schedules on children in specific sports. It is clear that more prospective studies are needed to understand the training dose that optimally develops adaptations in youth without inducing dropout, overtraining syndrome, and/or injury. Such an approach should be sport specific as well as gender based. Until such evidence exists, coaches and sport administrators will continue to rely upon their sport-specific dogma to influence programmatic development of our most vulnerable population.
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Stegmann, Pascal, Roland Sieghartsleitner, Claudia Zuber, Marc Zibung, Lars Lenze, and Achim Conzelmann. "Successful talent development in popular game sports in Switzerland: The case of ice hockey." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 16, no. 3 (2021): 710–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954121992764.
Full textAbstract:
There is continuing discussion in talent research on the best approach to developing sporting expertise through learning activities during early sport participation. Among other concepts, the specialized sampling model describes a pathway between early specialization and early sampling and yields promising results in Swiss football. As successful constellations of early sport participation might be affected by sport-specific constraints (e.g., age of peak performance, selection pressure, and physiological/psychological requirements), other popular game sports may show similar promising pathways. This study investigates whether ice hockey, another popular game sport in Switzerland, shows similar successful constellations of early sport participation. A sample of 98 former Swiss junior national team players born between 1984 and 1994 reported on early sport participation through a retrospective questionnaire. Using the person-oriented Linking of Clusters after removal of a Residue (LICUR) method, volumes of in-club practice, free play, and activities besides ice hockey until 12 years of age were analyzed, along with player’s age at initial club participation. The results indicate that ice hockey enthusiasts with the most free play and above-average in-club practice had a greater chance of reaching professional level compared to other groups. This implies that high domain specificity with varied sampling experiences is the most promising approach to developing sporting expertise in ice hockey. As similar results were previously found in Swiss football, comparable sport-specific constraints might indeed require similar constellations of learning activities during early sport participation. Therefore, in popular game sports in Switzerland, the specialized sampling model seems to be most promising.
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Lemyre, François, Pierre Trudel, and Natalie Durand-Bush. "How Youth-Sport Coaches Learn to Coach." Sport Psychologist 21, no. 2 (2007): 191–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.21.2.191.
Full textAbstract:
Researchers have investigated how elite or expert coaches learn to coach, but very few have investigated this process with coaches at the recreational or developmental-performance levels. Thirty-six youth-sport coaches (ice hockey, soccer, and baseball) were each interviewed twice to document their learning situations. Results indicate that (a) formal programs are only one of the many opportunities to learn how to coach; (b) coaches’ prior experiences as players, assistant coaches, or instructors provide them with some sport-specific knowledge and allow them to initiate socialization within the subculture of their respective sports; (c) coaches rarely interact with rival coaches; and (d) there are differences in coaches’ learning situations between sports. Reflections on who could help coaches get the most out of their learning situations are provided.
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Pikos, Anna Katharina, and Alexander Straub. "Mind the Absent Gap: Gender-Specific Competitive Behavior in Nonprofessional Sports." Journal of Sports Economics 21, no. 3 (2019): 215–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527002519887414.
Full textAbstract:
There is wide evidence for gender differences in competitive behavior and performance under pressure from experimental economics and single-sex professional sports. We analyze these differences in a sport with direct gender competition. Our unique data consist of over 500,000 observations from around 11,000 German ninepin bowling games of which around 15% are from mixed-gender leagues. Men perform better against women on average, but this is fully explained by differences in ability. Our results are robust to instrumenting for opposite gender using the sex composition of the opponent team. Gender differences in tight situations do not seem to play a role.