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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sport vehicle'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Fischer, Diana. "Sport vehicle & branding : racing sulky." Thesis, Konstfack, Industridesign, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-2832.

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Fascination Travsport. Jag vill attrahera fler människor till travsporten, öppna deras ögon och nå deras känslor för hästens natur. Medelpunkten är relationen mellan människa och djur. En enhet och ett mått: segern. Att ge sitt bästa för att vinna! Styrka, vilja och uthållighet i en spännande och dramatisk sport. Hästen och kusken förbindas via en sulky, en metafor för passion, snabbhet och kraft med ett uttryck för det dramatiska, dynamiska och kraftfulla inom travsporten. En BMW Racing Sulky. Projektidén är att formge en tävlingssulky för travtävlingar. När man är på travbanan och tittar på ett lopp få man mycket intensiva intryck. Tränade hästar som springer tätt inpå varandra. Ibland är det upp till 12 ekipage samtidigt. Kuskar som styr och gör sina strategier, taktik och närvaro. ATG gjorde nya reklamfilmer med hästen som kärnvärde inom travsporten och dess fascinerande urkraftar. Filmerna är mycket imponerande, dramatiska och appellerar till publikens känslor. I det sambandet är den stora frågan hur man kan gå vidare med imagearbetet. Min idé är nu att införa ett nytt formspråk och image inom travsporten genom att överföra BMW:s formspråk på en travsportsulky. En dynamisk och snabb formspråk som anknyter till en utvecklad sportmanagementkultur och en satsning på en professionell produktutveckling. Eftersom formarbetet tar huvudrollen i mitt designarbete är det en fördel att samarbeta med BMW och lära sig mera om deras sätt att tänka och arbeta med exteriöra former. För att ge mitt designarbete en balans fokuserar jag dessutom på förbättringsmöjligheter angående konstruktion, ergonomi och hejar på hästen. Vagnar som glider förbi varandra och hjulens ljud, hovar och inte att glömma kommentatorns röst. Mycket snabba och dynamiska rörelsen. En enhet av två individer med samma strävan sammanbundna av en sulky. En lätt vagn som liknar i sitt utseende och konstruktion en äldre cykel. Sedan 1970, när `Mode Sulkyn kom har man knappt ändrat på dess utseende, bara på materialet från trä till stål, till aluminium och nu förtiden till kolfiber. Målet var att göra en sulky lättre och mera bekvämt för hästen. Ändå liknar de flesta vagnar varandra. Samtidigt har travsporten under de senaste decennierna inte varit särskild synlig i medierna och därför fått mindre uppmärksamhet. Bägge faktorer hänger ihop och behovet efter en frisk vind i denna sporten är stor. Hela situationen lede till ett nytt projekt `Publikprojektet ´ om Travsportens image och mediefunktion. Inom produktområdedon hittar man begrepp som optimering och inom bilbranschen är det expressiva emotionella. För sulkyns design hittade jag en inspiration som är en `merge´ av de båda. Tar man den Z4 `racing car´ som byggts i kolfiber och lackerats i BMWs sportfärgkod, vit, blå och röt står den för en `merge´ mellan form och optimering. På så sätt blir denna en symbol för en ny anda inom travsporten, liksom representativ för BMW kreativitet och innovation. Sådana sponsorer är viktiga, ty de kan bidra med professionella kunskaper inom produktutveckling samt marketing. Man kan ge och ta! Man nischar ett företag samt dess image i ett nytt område och får ny energi, image och utveckling inom travsporten.
Examensarbete Industridesign kandidatexamensarbete
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2

Edwige, Stéphie. "Modal analysis and flow control for drag reduction on a Sport Utility Vehicle." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1233/document.

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L’industrie automobile fournie de plus en plus d’effort pour optimiser l’aérodynamique externe des véhicules afin de réduire son empreinte écologique. Dans ce cadre, l’objectif de ce projet est d’examiner les structures tourbillonnaires responsables de la dégradation de traînée et de proposer une solution de contrôle actif permettant d’améliorer l’efficacité aérodynamique d’un véhicule SUV. Après une étude expérimentale de la maquette POSUV échelle réduite, une analyse modale croisée permet d’identifier les structures périodiques corrélées de l’écoulement qui pilotent la dépression sur le hayon. Une solution de contrôle optimale par jets pulsés sur le parechoc arrière, est obtenue avec un algorithme génétique. Celle-ci permet de réduire la dépression du hayon de 20% et l’analyse croisée des résultats instationnaires avec contrôle montre un changement significatif de la distribution spectrale. Après deux études préliminaires sur la rampe inclinée à 25° et sur le Corps d’Ahmed à 47°, la simulation de POSUV à partir d’un solveur LES, en éléments finis, est validé par rapport aux résultats expérimentaux. L’approfondissement des résultats 3D permet de comprendre les pertes aérodynamiques. La simulation de l’écoulement contrôlé permet également d’identifier les mécanismes du contrôle d’écoulements
The automotive industry dedicates a lot of effort to improve the aerodynamical performances of road vehicles in order to reduce its carbon footprint. In this context, the target of the present work is to analyze the origin of aerodynamic losses on a reduced scale generic Sport Utility Vehicle and to achieve a drag reduction using an active flow control strategy. After an experimental characterization of the flow past the POSUV, a cross-modal DMD analysis is used to identify the correlated periodical features responsible for the tailgate pressure loss. Thanks to a genetic algorithm procedure, 20% gain on the tailgate pressure is obtained with optimal pulsed blowing jets on the rear bumper. The same cross-modal methodology allows to improve our understanding of the actuation mechanism. After a preliminary study of the 25° inclined ramp and of the Ahmed Body computations, the numerical simulation of the POSUV is corroborated with experiments using the cross-modal method. Deeper investigations on the three-dimensional flow characteristics explain more accurately the wake flow behavior. Finally, the controlled flow simulations propose additional insights on the actuation mechanisms allowing to reduce the aerodynamic losses
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3

Mearns, Howard Andrew. "Design and testing of the WVU Challenge X competition hybrid diesel electric vehicle." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10310.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2009.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 61 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-61).
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4

Ulfarsson, Gudmundur Freyr. "Injury severity analysis for car, pickup, sport utility vehicle and minivan drivers : male and female differences /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10200.

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5

Drápalová, Jana. "Design golfového vozíku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231758.

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The main contribution of this work is a new perspective on design of a golf cart for 2 players. The aim is to create a cart which will be innovative in the design but retaining necessary technical, ergonomic, aesthetic and ecological requirements. The final draft should be able to compete to existing products in this market.
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6

Hägg, Adam. "Lynk&Co Rebyell : The rebellious shared city sport car, shaped for the future urban youth." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Designhögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-136858.

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This thesis concerns the implementation of car sharing technology into a semi autonomous future city sportscar. The vehicle is aimed towards the young rebellious generation who will be living an urban, compact lifestyle. The goal was to create a design language and practical supporting features that would appeal to the target group and express sharing technology. The car can change its visual expression depending on the mode or kind of use. The trunk window is a transparent screen displaying information about availability. In order to enter the car, the window scans the user’s iris and recognises if the person is a subscriber of the service. While using the car, the trunk window turns opaque and the front windows turn transparent. Methods used during the design process included research, sketching, package study, clay modelling, CAD modelling, final visualisation and a physical model.
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Madireddy, Madhava Rao. "Analytical design of a parallel hybrid electric powertrain for sports utility vehicles and heavy trucks." Ohio : Ohio University, 2003. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1175278829.

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8

V, Gesamtverband der Deutschen Versicherungswirtschaft e. "Sport Utility Vehicles im Unfallgeschehen: Unfallforschung kompakt." Gesamtverband der Deutschen Versicherungswirtschaft e. V, 2012. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A74539.

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Seit den neunziger Jahre erfreut sich eine neue Fahrzeugart unter den Personenkraftwagen wachsender Beliebtheit: die sogenannten Sport Utility Vehicles (wörtlich übersetzt: sportliche Nutzfahrzeuge). Anfangs boomte der Verkauf nur in ihrem Ursprungsland, den USA, aber mittlerweile steigen die Zulassungszahlen in diesem Segment auch in Deutschland. Der Begriff eines Sport Utility Vehicles (SUV) ist nicht klar definiert. Anfänglich wollten sich die Hersteller mit dieser Namenskreation von den bislang bekannten Geländewagen absetzen, die Dank Allradantrieb und robustem Leiterrahmen das Fortkommen auch abseits befestigter Wege ermöglichten, dafür aber in der Regel wenig Fahrkomfort auf normalen Straßen und spärliche Ausstattung boten. Die ersten SUV waren in den USA von den verbreiteten Pick-up-Fahrzeugen, meist ebenfalls auf einem Leiterrahmen basierend, abgeleitet und wurden neben einem geschlossenen kombiartigen Aufbau mit den Ausstattungsmerkmalen eines Pkw versehen. Sie kombinierten damit tatsächlich die Nutzfunktion – ein großer, aber geschlossener Laderaum und ausreichendes Zugvermögen für den Anhängerbetrieb – mit den Annehmlichkeiten eines Personenwagens, wie Komfort und Beschleunigungsvermögen. Mit zunehmender Verbreitung von SUV wächst auch ihre Modellvielfalt, die die Marketing- Abteilungen der Hersteller durch neue Begriffe wie Sports Activity Vehicle oder Crossover auszudrücken versuchen. Die hohen Verkaufszahlen rechtfertigen auch die Entwicklung eigener Plattformen, die meist von Pkw abstammen und demzufolge fast nur noch selbsttragende Karosserien aufweisen. Allradantrieb ist nicht mehr die Regel oder wird nur gegen Aufpreis geliefert, so dass sich die Ähnlichkeit vieler SUV mit klassischen Geländewagen auf das äußere Erscheinungsbild und die größere Bodenfreiheit und steilere Böschungswinkel beschränkt. Seit SUV mit großen Stückzahlen den Fahrzeugmarkt durchdringen, stoßen sie auch auf erhebliche Kritik. Dies betrifft zum einen den höheren Kraftstoffverbrauch als vergleichbare Personenwagen, da SUV neben einer höheren Bauweise in der Regel auch eine größere Masse und zumindest bei Allradantrieb auch größere Energieverluste im Antriebssystem zu verzeichnen haben. Außerdem wird der unzureichende Partnerschutz bei Kollisionen mit anderen Fahrzeugen oder Fußgängern bemängelt, der den Unfallgegner stärker gefährde als nötig. Zudem waren Ende der neunziger Jahre einige SUV-Modelle in Nordamerika Gegenstand behördlicher Untersuchungen geworden, nachdem plötzliche Reifendruckverluste zu schweren Alleinunfällen geführt hatten. SUV-Lenkern selbst wird mitunter eine aggressive Fahrweise und ein rücksichtsloseres Verhalten im Verkehr vorgehalten. Mit der im Folgenden beschriebenen Forschungsarbeit will die Unfallforschung der Versicherer (UDV) einzig die Rolle von SUV im Verkehrsunfallgeschehen in Deutschland und die Einstellung ihrer Fahrer zur Verkehrssicherheit klären. Ökologische Aspekte und praktischer Nutzen solcher Fahrzeuge im täglichen Betrieb sind dagegen nicht Gegenstand dieser Diskussion.
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9

Chadwick, Andrew. "Crosswind aerodynamics of sports utility vehicles." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/2508.

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Crosswind gusts have a continuous influence on the ride and handling of road vehicles. At low speeds the effect is negligible but as both car and wind speeds increase there is a reduction in refinement, ride quality is degraded and it becomes tiring to drive. Future environmental legislation concerning the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions will lead to a lighter road vehicle and a corresponding increase in crosswind sensitivity. The aerodynamicist's approach to understanding the fluid flow around a vehicle when subjected to a crosswind has conventionally been through steady state model tests where aerodynamic force and moment data are taken for different yaw angles. The accuracy of this data has previously been questioned because of a lack of simulation of the transient nature of the crosswind gust. Additionally, although force and moment data can tell the aerodynamicist which are the principle loads influencing a vehicles response in a crosswind, they fail to identify the specific regions on the vehicle that contribute to these aerodynamic loads. This can only be achieved by pressure mapping the model surface and although such a technique has been employed during steady state tests, no research has been presented with the correct modeling of the transient crosswind gust. To gain an initial understanding of the complex time dependent and separated flow fields around bluff vehicles, such as sports utility vehicles, when subjected to a crosswind, aerodynamic force, moment and surface pressure data of simple geometric shapes has been collected on the Cranfield crosswind track facility. Steady state data has been obtained from conventional wind tunnel tests and compared with the transient data. Unique pressure animations identify the growth and collapse of vortices on the leeward face as the primary transient characteristic and which produce peak aerodynamic yawing moments up to double that seen in the steady state.
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Ramirez, Ciro Moreno. "Dynamic analysis of alternative suspension systems for sport motorcycles." Thesis, City University London, 2015. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/14574/.

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In this thesis, VehicleSim multi-body software is used to extend and modify an existing motorcycle model by including different non-conventional suspension systems. Girder and Hossack double wishbones front suspension systems are designed, implemented and tested. Using a synthesis of mechanism methodology, they are designed with different kinematic configurations that allow different behaviours of the motorcycle front end. By means of CAD tools and finite element analysis, realistic three dimensional models of the suspension systems designs are developed. The dynamical properties of the mechanical assemblies are obtained from the CAD models and used to build a realistic mathematical model of a sport motorcycle fitted with theses alternative suspension systems. Dynamical and stability analyses of the alternative front suspension systems are performed. For the different kinematic configurations, anti-dive properties and variation of the motorcycle's handling geometric parameters are studied by non-linear dynamical simulations. Stability analyses are performed by means of the motorcycle linear models eigenvalues. Passive interconnection of front and rear suspension systems of a sport motorcycle is also investigated. The effects of an interconnected suspensions system on the motorcycle in-plane motions are studied by means of reduced order linear models. The baseline model is modified to include passive interconnection forces between the front and rear suspension systems. The possible improvement introduced by an interconnected suspensions system in terms of suspension accuracy is investigated through non-linear simulations with delayed step tyres inputs. Appropriate values of the interconnection passive components for different possible mechanical implementation are found by means of optimization processes. Linear stability analyses are performed for each of the different optimal interconnected configurations. Nonlinear frequency analyses of the motorcycle wheels and chassis responses are also performed considering the delay between the front and rear tyre inputs. Non-linear simulations with variable frequency sinusoidal road inputs are run for this purpose. Finally, modal analyses of the motorcycle model are carried out for variable interconnection parameters in order to understand the effect of the interconnected suspensions system on the motorcycle's motion.
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Sill, Justin H. "Modeling, testing, and analysis of on-center handling for sport utility vehicles." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1171039364/.

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12

Lundell, Carmen. "Sports Programs as a Vehicle to Empower Adolescent Girls in Muslim Countries." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/556.

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This paper explores the empowerment of adolescent girls through sport using two case studies. Both case studies take place in predominantly Muslim countries: Egypt and Bangladesh. The sports programs also are both implemented through schools, public in Egypt and private in Bangladesh. I also evaluate the feasibility of establishing sports programs across the world. Because of Afghanistan’s especially harsh circumstances for women, the final chapter strategizes methods to implement similar programs there. I conclude by assessing the future of girls' sports programs in the Middle East and whether or not governments and international organizations should continue investing in these programs.
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Prater, Karen N. 1966. "Participatory Sporting Events as Fundraising Vehicles." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/9134.

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viii, 50 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.
Nonprofit organizations across the United States utilize participatory sporting events such as running or walking races in order to raise awareness and funds for their cause. Large events, for example the Nike Women's Marathon in San Francisco, attract thousands of participants and raise as much as $16 million annually for one cause. Smaller events held in small towns to large cities may attract as few as one hundred participants and raise considerably less for their cause. Representatives of nonprofit organizations and race directors were interviewed regarding staff time and costs involved in producing a run/walk event held in Oregon. Recurring characteristics and best practices for a run/walk event were identified. In addition to the funds raised less the cost to produce the event, measurements of success for this type of special event may include factors such as educating and attracting new constituents to the cause.
Committee in Charge: Renee Irvin, Ph.D. Chair; Laura Leete, Ph.D.; Sarah-Kate Sharkey, M.P.A.
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14

Garnar, Andrew Wells II. "Sport/utility vehicles as technologies of the suburban self: The only civilized way to leave civilization." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37000.

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The purpose of this thesis is to explore the transactional and transformative relationships between automobiles and their owners/drivers. Using the sport/utility vehicle as a case study, I show how both the automobile and its user go through transformations of meaning. These transformations take place on a number of levels. The one that I am most concerned with is how the sport/utility vehicle changes the owner's conception of his or her identity.

To elucidate these relationships, I appropriate Michel Foucault's concept of "technologies of the self". I use C. S. Peirce's work on the theory of signs, in conjunction with the work of several other pragmatists (including John Dewey, G. H. Mead, and Joseph Pitt) to fill out this Foucaultian idea. This forms the theoretical core of my essay. I go on to analyze the historical formation of the sport/utility vehicle, beginning in World War II through the present. I then bring together the history and my theoretical perspective. In this analysis we find that the sport/utility vehicle is a way for middle-class suburbanites to transform themselves in world they perceive as increasingly dangerous.
Master of Science

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Prater, Karen N. "Participatory sporting events as fundraising vehicles /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/9134.

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16

Hemmelgarn, Ronald J. "Development of a long-range gliding unmanned underwater vehicle utilizing Java Sun SPOT technology." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2008/Sept/08Sep%5FHemmelgarn.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Modeling, Virtual Environments and Simulation (MOVES))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2008.
Thesis Advisor(s): Brutzman, Don. "September 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 10, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-96). Also available in print.
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Fernández, Cranz Matías, and Hampus Olsson. "Design and development of a power seat structure for a sports car." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för företagande, innovation och hållbarhet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-44880.

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The purpose of this thesis is to develop a power seat structure that can serve as an alternativeto the one developed by Koenigsegg for their upcoming model Gemera and potentially others.The power seat structure will be designed around an existing chassis and will use it as areference to create an accommodating power seat structure. It will be designed to be used witha fixed-back seat that is used in the development process of the Gemera.Koenigsegg requires that the power seat structure allows for horizontal and lifting motion, aswell as tilting. These functions will be adapted to the power seat structure designed by theproject group.Due to confidentiality concerns, some parts of this thesis will not be made available to thepublic.
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Booth, Jordan Christopher. "Investigating Spring Dead Spot Management via Aerial Mapping and Precision-Guided Inputs." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83499.

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Spring dead spot (SDS) is the most destructive disease of bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) in Virginia. SDS infects bermudagrass in the fall with symptoms appearing in the spring when dormancy breaks. Patches are sporadically distributed but generally reoccur in the same location. Chemical control options are expensive with inconsistent results. Our objectives were to develop SDS incidence maps, investigate methods to analyze these maps, and evaluate suppression efficacy of incidence-map-based chemical applications. Methods were developed to build SDS incidence maps in 2016 and 2017. 2016 SDS incidence maps were compared for spatial accuracy to Digital Orthophoto Quarter Quadrangle (DOQQ), ground-validated differential GPS coordinates, and to 2017 SDS incidence maps, with average deviations of 1.3 m, 1.6 m, and 0.1 m, respectively. Digital Image Analysis (DIA) of aerial maps was compared to a point-intersect method for validation with a significant linear relationship (r2 = 0.77, P ≤ 0.0001). In the fall of 2016 and 2017, a site-specific penthiopyrad (SSP) treatment was evaluated against blanket, full-coverage applications of penthiopyrad (BP) and tebuconazole (BT), and an untreated control. Treatments were compared using DIA, post-treatment SDS patch count (PC), and SDS patch reduction (PR). Across all three metrics, the penthiopyrad treatments were statistically superior to both the tebuconazole and untreated. SSP compared favorably to BP for DIA, but BP had 2.57 fewer PC (LSD = 2.05) and a greater PR by 2.58 (LSD = 2.55). SSP using SDS incidence maps required 51% less fungicides in 2016 and 65% less in 2017 when compared to BP.
Master of Science in Life Sciences
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Stakleff, Brandon Alexander. "Mapping the Future of Motor Vehicle Crashes." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1437129758.

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Chiloiro, Giuseppe Marco. "Virtual coach for super sports cars: a possible AI application." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.

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The dream of the human being has always been to reach the perfection. This is true for life in general, but also for sports competitions including motorsport. In car racing, the optimum is represented by the perfect lap, performed by the driver in the minimum possible time, following the ideal race line with the appropriate velocity. However, due to the intrinsic nature of human being this is unfeasible and the only way to get as close as possible to the perfection is to rely on technology and artificial intelligence. Focusing on motorsport, the actual knowledge of vehicle dynamics and the development of optimization techniques can help in reaching great improvements in terms of race performance. This is exactly the objective of this thesis in which the implementation of a virtual coach for super sports cars has been carried out, in order to provide useful suggestions to the driver during and after the performance. In particular, the algorithm on which the virtual coach is based, computes the ideal race line and the optimal velocity in every point, giving also an accurate estimation of the best reachable lap time. The virtual coach is able to adapt to each super sports car and circuit, since the vehicle and racetrack models are generated starting from the physical parameters introduced by the user as inputs to the algorithm. The optimization of the race line is performed by solving the minimum lap time problem through the optimal control theory and the optimal velocity is computed for each point of the ideal trajectory. After the first lap, the algorithm associates the driver to a category level and shows which are the sectors of the circuit where a higher improvement is possible, adapting the targets in terms of lap time and velocity to the driver’s capabilities and allowing a step by step improving of the performances. The algorithm has been tested on a large variety of vehicles and circuits, providing accurate results in terms of ideal race lines and velocities.
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Simon, David E. "An Investigation of the Effectiveness of Skyhook Suspensions for Controlling Roll Dynamics of Sport Utility Vehicles Using Magneto-Rheological Dampers." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29885.

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In recent years, many investigators have predicted that with a semiactive suspension it is possible to attain performance gains comparable to those possible with a fully active suspension. In achieving this, the method by which the damper is controlled is one of the crucial factors that ultimately determines the success or failure of a particular semiactive suspension. This study is an investigation into the effectiveness of a number of basic control strategies at controlling vehicle dynamics, particularly vehicle roll. The test vehicle is a Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV), a class of vehicle that regularly sees widely varying vehicle weight (as a result of passengers and load) and can exhibit undesirable levels of vehicle roll. This study includes a suspension system comprised of four controllable magneto-rheological dampers, associated sensors, and controller. There are three distinct phases in this investigation, the first of which is a numerical investigation performed on a four-degree-of-freedom vehicle roll-plane model. The model is subjected to a variety of road and driver induced inputs, and the vehicle response is characterized, with each semiactive control policy. The second phase of this study consists of laboratory testing performed on a Ford Expedition, with the front axle of the vehicle placed on a two-post dynamic rig (tire coupled), and a variety of road inputs applied. The third phase of this testing involves road testing the test vehicle to further evaluate the effectiveness of each of the semiactive control policies at controlling both vehicle comfort (vibration) and stability (roll). In each phase, the semiactive control policies that are investigated are tuned and modified such that the best possible performance is attained. The performance of each of these optimal semiactive systems is then compared. In the first phase of this investigation, two basic skyhook control strategies are investigated and two modified strategies are proposed. Upon numerically investigating the effectiveness of the four control strategies, it is found that the performance achievable with each of the control strategies is heavily dependent on the properties of the controllable damper. The properties of the controllable damper that were particularly important were the upper and lower levels of force that the controllable damper was able to apply. Based on numerical results, the controllable dampers were tuned for each control system. The results indicate that a velocity-based skyhook control policy, in conjunction with force control, is most effective at controlling both road-induced vibration and driver-induced roll. In the second phase of this investigation, the effects of the two skyhook control strategies were again examined. Multiple system inputs including step inputs, chirp inputs, and multi-sine inputs were used, and the results indicate that significant performance gains using the basic skyhook policies are unlikely. The third phase involved road testing the vehicle through specific maneuvers modeling a wide variety of common driving situations. In addition to the two basic skyhook policies, two additional policies augmented with steering wheel position feedback were also examined. It was found that the velocity based skyhook control policy augmented with steering wheel position feedback achieved performance superior to both the stock passive dampers and other control policies tested here.
Ph. D.
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Diosdado-De-La-Pena, Maria-Paulina. "Safety externalities of SUVs on passenger cars an analysis of the Peltzman Effect using FARS data /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5812.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2008.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 75 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 47-50).
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Hur, James. "GT-R 2045: Perpetual Evolution." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Designhögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-110663.

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This concept explores a new way to blend the physical and digital life driving as well as the ownership experience of a sports vehicle in 2045, when shared autonomous cars will be the norm. New market analysis, brand research, artistic exploration, design ideation, digital form development and realization were implemented. The result is Le Mans inspired GT-R featuring central driving position with 3 passenger seats in a rhombus arrangement, for a more collective racecar experience together with family and friends. The exterior signifies the long-lasting value of Nissan craftsmanship while maintaining the joy of driving a highly advanced and responsible supercar
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24

Chacko, Noel. "Impact Resistance of CFRP Products." Thesis, KTH, Lättkonstruktioner, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-244020.

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This thesis investigated the impact performance of CFRP products within the sports industry. The primary aim of this thesis was to evaluate different configurations, matrix system, and technologies to find the best performing solutions for impact. During this work, an extensive literature study was conducted and various solutions were reviewed. Further on, several tubes were manufactured, impacted and put through a 2 point bending test to find out the residual strength. It was found that TeXtreme R fabrics positively affected the impact performance when compared to conventional fabrics and UD depending on the placement location. Thin plies proved to be better than conventional plies. Newer technologies such as CNT stitching requires further investigation before it can be qualitatively assessed.
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25

Fintelman, Daniëlle Maria. "Influence of cycling position and crosswinds on performance and aerodynamics." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6407/.

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Wind is fundamentally important to cyclists since it affects their performance, bicycle control, balance and road safety. The overall aim of this research is to improve the understanding of the effect of cycling position and crosswinds on the aerodynamics and performance of a cyclist. The first part of this thesis focuses on cycling position. To minimise air resistance, cyclists lower their torso to become more aerodynamic. Results show that lowering torso angle is associated with impairment of physiological functioning, which can be explained by a combination of mechanical and muscular factors. Consequently, there is a trade-off between aerodynamic gains and physiological impairment. Therefore a mathematical model has been developed predicting the optimal torso angle at different cycling speeds. The second part of this thesis aims to understand the flow mechanics around a cyclist subjected to crosswinds. Both wind tunnel experiments and computational fluid dynamics simulations of the flow around a cyclist are used to reveal the effect of crosswinds on cyclists in different cycling positions. This thesis provides a unique approach to study cycling performance and safety by jointly investigating the human physiology and aerodynamic performance.
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Nilsson, Mikael. "Parameter Tuning Experiments of Population-based Algorithms." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi och medier, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-13836.

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In this study, three different algorithms are implemented to solve thecapacitated vehicle routing problem with and without time windows:ant colony optimization, a genetic algorithm and a genetic algorithmwith self-organizing map. For the capacitated vehicle routing problemthe Augerat et al’s benchmark problems were used and for the capaci-tated vehicle routing problem with time windows the Solomon’sbenchmark problems. All three algorithms were tuned over thirtyinstances per problem with the tuners SPOT and ParamILS. The tuningresults from all instances were combined to the final parameter valuesand tested on a larger set of instances. The test results were used tocompare the algorithms and tuners against each other. The ant colonyoptimization algorithm outperformed the other algorithms on bothproblems when considering all instances. The genetic algorithm withself-organizing map found more best known solutions than any otheralgorithm when using parameters, on the capacitated vehicle routingproblem. The algorithms performed well and several new best knownresults were discovered for the capacitated vehicle routing problem andnew best solutions found by heuristics were discovered for the 100customer Solomon problems. When comparing the tuners they bothworked well and no clear winner emerged.
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27

Ouyang, Xutong. "Exploring the attributes relevant to accidents between vehicles and unprotected road users, taking Stockholm as an example." Thesis, KTH, Geoinformatik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278990.

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Traffic accidents is one of the major causes of fatalities and economic loss around the world. Thus, there is an urgent need for a better understanding about the factors that contribute to accidents so that the accidents can be prevented in the future. The research objective of this thesis is to analyze the traffic accidents between vehicles and unprotected road users (pedestrians and bicycles) in Stockholm, finding spatial distribution patterns, related attributes and examining relationships between accidents and a number of vehicle flows. The data is first analyzed with general statistical analysis to examine the basic characteristics. There is no apparent trend of change among the number of accidents per year, while the numbers of accidents happening from May to October is higher than the rest of the year except for July due to less traffic during holiday period. Most traffic accidents occur in overcast weather, on a dry road surface, or during the day. In the spatial analysis part of the thesis, Global Moran’s I is used to detect whether there is an attribute-related spatial distribution pattern. Hot spot analysis is then applied on the clustered attributes to find significant hot and cold spots over the study area. The conclusions are that road surface conditions and occurrence time during day/night are two related factors that influence traffic accidents while weather is not considered a related attribute since the accidents distribute randomly in terms of weather, of which it is difficult to obtain temporally-aligned, detailed local information for further analysis. Different parameters are selected and discussed during the process. When calculating the distance between two accidents in traffic accident analysis, Manhattan distance is more appropriate than Euclidean distance since traffic accidents are restricted to the road network. The distance band determines scales of analysis tools, with 50 meters on an intersection and 500 meters for a larger region in Stockholm. Most hot spots arise at intersections and roundabouts where different types of traffic flows meet each other. The result of the relationships between traffic accidents and different types of vehicle flows shows that the correlation coefficients between number of traffic accidents and traffic flows are low, meaning that there is no obvious correlation between them, which is also proved by the scatter plots. Poisson regression model is applied on the traffic accident data. As a result, high-risk and low-risk areas in Stockholm are pointed out. Some are consistent with the hot-spot analysis result.
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Van, der Westhuizen Sarel Francois. "Slow active suspension control for rollover prevention." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25432.

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Rollover prevention in Sports Utility Vehicles (SUV‟s) offers a great challenge in vehicle safety. By reducing the body roll angle of the vehicle the load transfer will increase and thus decrease the lateral force that can be generated by the tires. This decrease in the lateral force can cause the vehicle to slide rather than to roll over. This study presents the possibility of using slow active suspension control to reduce the body roll and thus reduce the rollover propensity of a vehicle fitted with a hydro-pneumatic suspension system. The slow active control is obtained by pumping oil into and draining oil out of each hydro-pneumatic suspension unit individually. A real gas model for the suspension units as well as for the accumulator that supplies the oil is incorporated in a validated full vehicle Adams model. This model is then used to simulate a double lane change manoeuvre performed by a SUV at 60 km/h and it is shown that a significant improvement in body roll can be obtained with relatively low energy requirements. The proposed control is successfully implemented on a Land Rover Defender test vehicle. A Proportional-Derivative (PD) controller is used to control on-off solenoid operated valves and the flow is adjusted using the lateral acceleration as a parameter. Experimental results confirm that a significant improvement in body roll is possible. AFRIKAANS : Omrolvoorkoming in Sportnutsvoertuie bied geweldige uitdagings in terme van voertuigveiligheid. Deur die rolhoek van die voertuig te verminder word die laterale lasoordrag verhoog en word die laterale krag wat die bande kan genereer minder. As die laterale krag genoeg verminder sal die voertuig eerder gly as omrol. Die studie ondersoek die moontlikheid om stadig-aktiewe suspensiebeheer op 'n voertuig met 'n hidropneumatiese suspensie te gebruik om bakrol te verminder en dus die omrolgeneigdheid van die voertuig te verlaag. Die beheer word toegepas deur olie in elke hidropneumaties suspensie-eenheid individueel in te pomp of te dreineer. 'n Werklike gas model word gebruik om die supensie-eenhede asook die akkumulator, wat die olie aan die suspensie voorsien, te modeleer. Hierdie modelle word in 'n gevalideerde volvoertuig ADAMS model geïnkorporeer en 'n dubbel laanverwisseling word gesimuleer teen 60 km/h. Die resultate toon dat 'n beduidende verbetering in die rolhoek moontlik is met relatiewe lae energievereistes. Die voorgestelde beheer is suksesvol op 'n Land Rover Defender geïmplimenteer en 'n Proportioneele-Differensiaal (PD) beheerder word gebruik om die aan-af solenoїde kleppe te beheer terwyl die vloei aangepas word na gelang van die laterale versnelling. Eksperimentele resultate bevestig dat 'n beduidende verbetering in bakrol moontlik is.
Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering
unrestricted
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29

Lažek, Jan. "Analýza výhledu řidiče z vozidla." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-382231.

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This diploma thesis deals with the issue of the driver's view from the vehicle, respectively the measurement of the field of views and blind spots. This thesis takes into account the 360° view around the vehicle. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the theoretical outlook of the vehicle. The reader becomes acquainted with the progressive development of the 360° view in a vehicle, beginning with the past and leading up to the present enhancements in today's vehicles. The reader will also understand, the position and movement of the eyes in a vehicle, the detailed description of the direct forward look, and the indirect reverse look. Subsequently, the theoretical part is devoted to the methodology of visibility measurements according to the prescribed standards of SAE and EHK. The theoretical part concludes with a chapter explaining how the theory is used in the practical part of the thesis. The practical part is devoted to the design of the 360° views of the vehicle and the description of the methodology. Another element of the practical part is the measurement protocol. This section deals with all the calculations for the complete driver's view, which was shown as an example on one of the sixteen vehicles measured. The last chapter compares, evaluates and reviews the results of all measured 360° views and blind spots around the vehicle.
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30

Marek, Tomáš. "Analýza výhledových poměrů z užitkových vozidel." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-382230.

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Analysis of the field of view from commercial vehicles is very important issue. Because driver’s field of view is main part of active safety. When some traffic accident happens, it must be investigated. The question is, was the driver able to see that object? It’s very different and important if driver didn’t see that object or couldn’t see it. In the thesis are described norms which contains information about driver’s position on driving seat and position his eyes, information about differences between binocular and ambinocular field of view. In the thesis are regulations about rearview and rearview mirrors. The thesis contains elements of vehicle equipment for improvement field of view. The thesis is about possibilities, how measure the field of view from commercial vehicles. The thesis contains few methods for measurements driver’s field of view and theirs results. Objective of the thesis is to take experiences from measured tests and use them for invention and description own method of measuring driver’s field of view from commercial vehicles, which leads to improvement. Then use the method for measurements and comparations few commercial vehicles. Which are dimensionally more bigger and have bigger blind spots than personal vehicles.
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31

Knutsson, Erik. "Development of a Highly Flexible Geometry Station for Versatile Production Systems in Automotive Body Construction : A Station designed for Joining of Body-in-White Assemblies duringan Integration of Electric Vehicles." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232578.

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The research in this report seeks to develop a highly flexible geometry station for joining futureBody-in-White (BiW) assemblies. The goal is to eliminate the need for a complete reconstructionof a production line during integration of new car bodies in a contemporary production.Today's BiW production is performed in sequential lines, where joining equipment is arranged ina specific order for each model geometry. An increasing model portfolio forces manufacturers todevelop production systems that allow an integration of new models. Electrified alternatives ofexisting models are now developed and put into production. These models have similarappearance as conventional models, but with a completely different principle of driveline due tothe propulsion. This means that new interfaces and platforms have to be developed and mustnow be integrated into a current production. Today's production lines are not prepared forcoming changes, and current stations can only handle a limited number of variants. Integration ofnew geometries into a contemporary production line is not sufficiently efficient from aproduction perspective. The goal of the future is to make such an integration possible.Initially, current and future production scenarios were studied. Based on this, four types ofproduction scenarios, which a highly flexible geometry station can be integrated into, were set up.An integration can take place in different ways depending on how a highly flexible geometrystation is compounded, therefore, different cases were created and compared in a case study.Internal and external benchmarking of production systems were made to compare the availablesolutions for increasing stations flexibility in a BiW production.As reference for the project, a concept for a highly flexible geometry station has been developedand is therefore described initially before an additional depth has been realized. The furtherconceptualization of a highly flexible geometry in this report is presented in the form of amorphological composition of technologies that can increase a station's flexibility, as well asvisualization of a station principles through layouts and cycle time charts. The result of theanalysis generated several concepts that hold different degrees of capacity, footprint andflexibility. The focus was to achieve a high level of flexibility for integration of new models, withnew geometries, in a current production. The conclusion was that the highly flexible geometrystation can, in a contemporary production, produce independently in low volumes. Alternatively,produce higher volumes when it is integrated as a complement in a novel, not yet implemented,production concept.
Forskningen i denna rapport syftar till att utveckla en högflexibel geometristation för fogning avkommande Body-in-White-karosser (BiW). Målet är att eliminera behovet av en fullständigrekonstruktion av en produktionslinje under integrering av nya bilar i en samtida produktion.Dagens BiW-produktion sker i sekventiella liner, där fogningsutrustning är arrangerad i enspecifik ordning för respektive modellgeometri. Ett ökande antal modellalternativ drivertillverkare till att utveckla produktionskoncept som möjliggör integration av nya modeller.Elektrificerande alternativ till befintliga modeller utvecklas kontinuerligt. Dessa modeller ärutseendemässigt lika de konventionella modellerna, men med en helt annan princip för drivlina.Det innebär att nya gränssnitt och plattformar har tagits fram och måste nu integreras i ennuvarande produktion. Dagens produktionslinjer är inte förberedda för kommande förändringaroch nuvarande geometristationer kan endast hantera ett begränsat antal karosstyper. Integrationav nya karosstyper i en befintlig produktionslinje är inte är tillräckligt effektivt ur ettproduktionsperspektiv. Framtidens mål är att göra en sådan integration möjlig.Inledningsvis studerades nuvarande- och kommande produktionsscenarion. Utifrån det beskrevsfyra produktionstyper, vilket en högflexibel geometristation kan komma att integreras i. Enintegration kan ske på olika vis beroende på hur en högflexibel geometristation tillämpas, därförjämfördes olika fall av det i en Case-studie. En intern och extern benchmarking avproduktionssystem gjordes för att jämföra de lösningar som finns för att öka flexibiliteten i enBiW-produktion.Som referensunderlag till projektet har ett koncept för en högflexibel geometristation tagits framoch är beskrivet inledningsvis innan en ytterligare fördjupning har realiserats.Konceptualiseringen av en högflexibel geometristation i denna rapport är presenterad i form aven morfologisk sammansättning av teknologier som kan öka en stations flexibilitet, samtvisualisering av en principiell station genom layouter och cykeltidsdiagram. Resultatet av analysengenererade flera koncept som innehar olika grad av kapacitet, fabriksyta och flexibilitet. Fokus varatt uppnå en hög flexibilitetsnivå för integration av nya modeller, med nya geometrier, i ennuvarande produktion. Slutsatsen var att den högflexibla geometristationen kan, i en nutidaproduktion, producera självständigt i låga volymer. Alternativt producera högre volymer då denintegreras som ett komplement till ett ännu inte implementerat nytt produktionskoncept.
Die Forschung in diesem Bericht zielt darauf ab, eine hochflexible Geometrie-Station für das Fügen zukünftiger Rohbau-Baugruppen zu entwickeln. Das Ziel ist es, die Notwendigkeit einer vollständigen Rekonstruktion einer Produktionslinie während der Integration neuer Karosserien in einer modernen Produktion zu beseitigen. Die heutige Rohbau Produktion wird in sequenziellen Linien durchgeführt, wobei die einzelnen Fügeverfahren in einer bestimmten Reihenfolge, angepasst an die jeweilige Modellgeometrie, angeordnet sind. Ein zunehmendes Modellportfolio zwingt die Automobilhersteller zur Entwicklung von Produktionssystemen, die eine Integration neuer Modelle ermöglichen. Elektrifizierte Varianten bestehender Fahrzeugmodelle werden nun entwickelt und in Produktion gebracht. Diese Modelle haben ein ähnliches Erscheinungsbild wie herkömmliche Modelle, jedoch mit einem stark veränderten Antriebskonzept. Dies bedeutet, dass neue Schnittstellen und Plattformen entwickelt wurden und nun in eine aktuelle Produktion integriert werden müssen. Heutige Produktionslinien sind nicht auf kommende Änderungen vorbereitet und können nur eine begrenzte Anzahl von Varianten handhaben. Die Integration neuer Geometrien in eine moderne Produktionslinie ist aus Produktionssicht nicht effizient, aber soll in Zukunft das Ziel sein. Zunächst wurden aktuelle und zukünftige Produktionsszenarien untersucht. Darauf aufbauend wurden vier Arten von Produktionsszenarien erarbeitet, in die eine hochflexible Geometriestation integriert werden kann. Je nach Aufbau der Geostation kann eine Integration auf unterschiedliche Art und Weise erfolgen. Daher wurden in einer Fallstudie unterschiedliche Fälle erstellt und verglichen. Ein Benchmarking mit internen und externen Produktionssystemen wurde durchgeführt, um eine größtmöglichste Flexibilität der Stationen in einer Rohbau Produktion zu erzielen. Als Referenz für das Projekt wurde ein Konzept für eine hochflexible Geometriestation entwickelt und im Rahmen der Thesis dokumentiert, bevor eine zusätzliche Tiefe realisiert wurde. Die weitere Konzeptionierung einer hochflexiblen Geometrie-Station wird in Form einer morphologischen Zusammensetzung von Technologien präsentiert. Dieser kann die Flexibilität einer Station erhöhen und zudem die Visualisierung von Stationsprinzipien, beispielsweise durch Layouts oder Zykluszeitdiagramme, fördern. Das Ergebnis der Analyse erzeugte mehrere vi Konzepte, die unterschiedliche Grade an Kapazität, Grundfläche und Flexibilität beinhalteten. Der Fokus lag auf einer hohen Flexibilität bei der Integration neuer Modelle mit neuen Geometrien in einer aktuellen Produktion. Die Schlussfolgerung war, dass die hochflexible Geometriestation in einer zeitgemäßen Produktion in kleinen Stückzahlen produzieren kann. Alternativ ist die Geo-Station auch als Bestandteil eines noch umzusetzenden Produktionskonzepts integrierbar.
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32

Ryberg, Ann-Britt. "Metamodel-Based Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of Automotive Structures." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Mekanik och hållfasthetslära, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-140875.

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Multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) can be used in computer aided engineering (CAE) to efficiently improve and balance performance of automotive structures. However, large-scale MDO is not yet generally integrated within automotive product development due to several challenges, of which excessive computing times is the most important one. In this thesis, a metamodel-based MDO process that fits normal company organizations and CAE-based development processes is presented. The introduction of global metamodels offers means to increase computational efficiency and distribute work without implementing complicated multi-level MDO methods. The presented MDO process is proven to be efficient for thickness optimization studies with the objective to minimize mass. It can also be used for spot weld optimization if the models are prepared correctly. A comparison of different methods reveals that topology optimization, which requires less model preparation and computational effort, is an alternative if load cases involving simulations of linear systems are judged to be of major importance. A technical challenge when performing metamodel-based design optimization is lack of accuracy for metamodels representing complex responses including discontinuities, which are common in for example crashworthiness applications. The decision boundary from a support vector machine (SVM) can be used to identify the border between different types of deformation behaviour. In this thesis, this information is used to improve the accuracy of feedforward neural network metamodels. Three different approaches are tested; to split the design space and fit separate metamodels for the different regions, to add estimated guiding samples to the fitting set along the boundary before a global metamodel is fitted, and to use a special SVM-based sequential sampling method. Substantial improvements in accuracy are observed, and it is found that implementing SVM-based sequential sampling and estimated guiding samples can result in successful optimization studies for cases where more conventional methods fail.
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33

Sastre, Priscila Tereza de Nadai. "A influência dos grupos de referência no processo decisório do consumidor: um estudo no segmento de veículos utilitários esportivos." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/1339.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:45:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Priscila Tereza de Nadai Sastre.pdf: 1178894 bytes, checksum: ed98b9cd97b43099710583ece05a7d5d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-20
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This dissertation had as its general objective to know what types of influence of the reference group relies upon an individual, in his purchase decision process of sports utilitarian vehicles (SUV). The purchase process was assumed as social experiences that individuals make every day and the purchase of products and services is mediated by interpersonal influences. In the marketing field, the relationship between the individual s purchase decision process and the influences received by his social environment has been targeted by relevant discussions in the academic arena, as well as in the corporate world. The theoretical background describes the main constructs of the individual purchase decision process and reference group influence (interpersonal influence), from the American perspective. The justification for this study relies upon the Marketing Science Institute (MSI) priority studies, for the 2006-2008 period. These priorities were formed from research made with the MSI sponsors, who identified the role of social network in the purchase decision process as a priority study in the academic and corporate fields. The methodology approach is the case study method since the investigations aims to explore contemporaneous phenomena from the real life. Among the SUV sellers, in the Brazilian market, Troller, the Ford Motors SUVs subdivision was the one chosen to conduct this research. The data collection started with documents and secondary data of public domain. The empirical verification was supported by self-applied structured questionnaires, distributed electronically for Troller s clients. The results point that the reference group has a significant influence in the Troller s purchase decision process. The informational influence was the main type of influence observed
Esta dissertação teve como objetivo geral conhecer quais os tipos de influência que o grupo de referência exerce sobre o indivíduo, em seu processo decisório de compra de veículos utilitários esportivos ou, simplesmente, jipes 4x4. Partiu-se do princípio que as relações de troca comerciais são tidas como experiências sociais que os indivíduos realizam, normalmente, todos os dias e que o consumo de produtos e serviços é, em grande parte, moldado pela influência de outros indivíduos neste processo. No Marketing, a relação processo de decisão de compra do indivíduo e a influência recebida por parte de seu contexto social tem sido alvo de relevantes discussões tanto no âmbito acadêmico, quanto no âmbito empresarial. O construto teórico foi desenvolvido tendo-se por base as fundamentações relativas ao comportamento do consumidor, especificamente, o processo decisório de compra e a influência do grupo de referência. Atuaram como eixo conceitual os estudos preconizados pela escola americana. A justificativa para este estudo reside nas prioridades de pesquisa do Marketing Science Institute (MSI), para o biênio 2006-2008. Tais prioridades, por sua vez, estão alicerçadas em pesquisas realizadas juntamente às organizações patrocinadoras do próprio MSI (instituições acadêmicas dos Estados Unidos e corporações globais) que identificaram o estudo do papel da rede social no processo de decisão de compra, como uma das primazias de pesquisa nas instâncias acadêmica e empresarial. Decidiu-se por realizar um estudo de caso, dadas as particularidades do fenômeno em estudo e as características exploratórias determinantes da investigação, uma vez que foram estudados fenômenos contemporâneos inseridos na vida real. Dentre as montadoras fabricantes de jipes 4x4, no mercado nacional, a Troller, divisão de 4x4 pertencente à Ford Motors, foi a empresa escolhida para o desenvolvimento do estudo de caso. A coleta de informações para a realização do estudo de caso foi realizada a partir do levantamento documental de dados secundários de domínio público e da própria empresa. A verificação empírica se deu por meio de questionários estruturados e auto-aplicáveis que foram distribuídos, eletronicamente, a uma base de 2000 clientes, da Troller. A observação participante também se fez presente por meio da participação na Copa Troller, na temporada de 2008. O que se concluiu é que, de fato, há considerável influência dos grupos de referência, na decisão de compra dos consumidores dos jipes Troller. A principal forma de influência observada foi a influência informacional, seguida da influência utilitária e, por fim, a influência expressiva de valor
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34

Vestin, Albin, and Gustav Strandberg. "Evaluation of Target Tracking Using Multiple Sensors and Non-Causal Algorithms." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Reglerteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-160020.

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Today, the main research field for the automotive industry is to find solutions for active safety. In order to perceive the surrounding environment, tracking nearby traffic objects plays an important role. Validation of the tracking performance is often done in staged traffic scenarios, where additional sensors, mounted on the vehicles, are used to obtain their true positions and velocities. The difficulty of evaluating the tracking performance complicates its development. An alternative approach studied in this thesis, is to record sequences and use non-causal algorithms, such as smoothing, instead of filtering to estimate the true target states. With this method, validation data for online, causal, target tracking algorithms can be obtained for all traffic scenarios without the need of extra sensors. We investigate how non-causal algorithms affects the target tracking performance using multiple sensors and dynamic models of different complexity. This is done to evaluate real-time methods against estimates obtained from non-causal filtering. Two different measurement units, a monocular camera and a LIDAR sensor, and two dynamic models are evaluated and compared using both causal and non-causal methods. The system is tested in two single object scenarios where ground truth is available and in three multi object scenarios without ground truth. Results from the two single object scenarios shows that tracking using only a monocular camera performs poorly since it is unable to measure the distance to objects. Here, a complementary LIDAR sensor improves the tracking performance significantly. The dynamic models are shown to have a small impact on the tracking performance, while the non-causal application gives a distinct improvement when tracking objects at large distances. Since the sequence can be reversed, the non-causal estimates are propagated from more certain states when the target is closer to the ego vehicle. For multiple object tracking, we find that correct associations between measurements and tracks are crucial for improving the tracking performance with non-causal algorithms.
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35

Tsai, Wu-Hsiung, and 蔡武雄. "Numerical Analysis Aerodynamic Drag of a Sport Utility Vehicle." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qm68ge.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
車輛工程系所
102
Aerodynamics of vehicle were focused on racing cars, sedans and truck in this years. The SUV (Sport utility vehicle) research are very rare. In recent decades, SUV are more popular for the consumers and SUV become the main product in the world’s major automakers. SUV have the comfort of the wagon and power of the trucks. But in many advantages is need to sacrifice the fuel consumption. The traditional SUV with off-road capability are using high chassis and high body design. The drag coefficient is more bigger than sedans. This study is focus on using the reverse engineering techniques from the self-design 1:5 SUV model and carry on a series of the CFD simulation. Discusses Re, height from the ground, yaw angle, floor effect and tire effect. Using pressure coefficient, wake flow and drag coefficient to discuss the flow effect around the vehicle.
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36

Chiu, Ching Kai, and 丘青鎧. "Brand alliance of sport utility vehicle(SUV) by conjoint analysis." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94087747927995843005.

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碩士
國立政治大學
企業管理研究所
99
Motor industry is one of the most important industry that Taiwan government energetically have developed and invested lots of resources since 1950(陳釧瑤，1997). Indeed, Taiwanese motor firms should have had their own brand and made it internationalized in 1985. However, most of Taiwanese motor firms are still on the stage of OEM or ODM. We regard this condition as a threat that will obstruct the profit growth and weaken the competitiveness of them. Therefore, we consider branding is one of the effective alternatives to strengthen the competitiveness of Taiwanese motor industry. Because of the low brand awareness of Taiwanese motor firms, brand alliance may be the best way that can help them to build their private label. Considering the trend of lifestyle in Taiwan, this literature will focus on “brand alliance of sport utility vehicle” and try to find some important attributes that will support them to select their partners and satisfy the consumer needs. As a result, this studying has three contributions to academic researcher. First, we redefine the meanings of product attribute and product attribute level that many academics confuse. Second, the consistency between the brand awareness of ingredient firms and product attribute should be considered when motor firms are finding the partners of alliance. Third, we verify either behavioral progression or behavioral depression may happen in purchase process (Alderfer, 1972). In practice, we find the fitness between product attributes and partner’s brand awareness will affect the result of brand alliance. The finding implies that ingredient firms which have great brand equity in B2B market may have low equity in B2C market. Second, the weight of car brand will be more important when asymmetric information exists. Third, the ingredient firms which have great equity in B2B market and low awareness in B2C market have the motive to cooperate with private label brand firms. Fourth, there are some niches in Taiwanese SUV market. Fifth, branding can’t success without self-audit. Sixth, delivering the appropriate and correct information to consumers is one of the most important things of value creation. Seventh, strategy is the nature of branding, so it will be very hard to brand without strategic planning.
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37

Tsai, Cheng-Yu, and 蔡承祐. "Consumer’s Decision Patterns Behavior Study for Purchase Crossover Sport Utility Vehicle." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3gcq8t.

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Abstract:
碩士
元智大學
管理碩士在職專班
107
The diversified using car habits in Taiwan, follow with the government's policies and changes internal and external environment, have prompted carmakers to make changes in the development of new cars that must follow the market's policies and environment, such as hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles. The crossover is also. The 2 days of the week vacation from government policies, and the people began to inspire the improvement of the quality of life. The interior, space, power, equipment and fuel consumption of the vehicles are important by consumers. In the research aims at consumers' understanding of the characteristics of crossover, and explores the consumers purchase property and basic personal information have an impact on the purchase of crossover vehicles, and find out the consumer groups. Tested with an electronic questionnaire, analyze the data with statistical methods, use descriptive statistics and cross-tabs to express the weight ratio of the basic data for each vehicle with the consideration of each item, to find the weight of the most important group, and then Factor analysis is used to divide the life style, purchase demand motivation and purchase decision into several groups, and then convert the score into variables and use regression analysis to verify to each hypothesis. The results show that the consideration of the purchase of crossover vehicle is based on the gender, age, industry, etc. of the basic data of individuals, and the analysis of each of the hypotheses differs. According to the above research results, car dealers can design and formulate marketing strategies for their popular groups and characteristics, and increase the accumulation of sales vehicles.
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38

Chen, Kunyi, and 陳坤義. "Dynamic Simulation and Validation Test for a Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV)." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25513728182671017378.

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Abstract:
碩士
國立屏東科技大學
車輛工程系所
97
This research presents a dynamic analysis and its validation test for a Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV) chassis system. A commercial code, RecurDyn, is used to establish the full vehicle model, including the front and rear suspensions, powertrain, body and ground with a bulge. The suspension parameters, i.e. spring constants, damping coefficients, bushing stiffness etc., are obtained from the component tests and then entered into RecurDyn. A static test is first conducted on the vehicle to validate the vehicle weight, wheel loads and center of gravity. Wheel alignment of the simulation model is also validated during the test. Dynamic analysis is performed to simulate the bumping, cornering and breaking of the full vehicle. Dynamic test is conducted on the vehicle to measure the accelerations and strain of the chassis system under the conditions of bumping, cornering and breaking. The experimental data is eventually used to validate the analysis results.
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39

CHANG, WEN-TSUNG, and 張文宗. "A Study on Consumer Behavior of the Imported Sport Utility Vehicle." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68182652801100496446.

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Abstract:
碩士
國立中正大學
企業管理學系碩士在職專班
105
Due to the implementation of two days off every week for a long time, people's life style has changed obviously. Engaged in leisure activities increased in proportion to leisure vehicle demand is relatively high. The Sport Utility Vehicle market share has increased year by year; early for the Domestic Sport Utility Vehicle of the world. But because the price has Imported Sport Utility Vehicles of civilians hobbies, plus imported brands. and not the end tidal change and new goods tax subsidy policy, consumption trend turned to Imported Sport Utility Vehicle s. Imported Sport Utility Vehicles in recent years more and more users. In order to know the consumer behavior groups of Imported Sport Utility Vehicle market. Through questionnaires distributed, the sample obtained by random sampling.This reaserch reference Sport Utility Vehicle related papers’s (15 years ago) research struction and research results. By investigating the background of time and space have over the years, the sales of Sport Utility Vehicle and the consumer behavior already have change. Intended to be used different methods to investigate. To change and adjust the research structure and statistical methods. To narrow the investigation,and the target group of Imported Sport Utility Vehicle.Detailed clustering and consumer behavior are discussed. The main project is divided into big classes discussed. One for Imported Sport Utility Vehicle models attribute data analysis. According to the 2017 year February No.382 car purchasing guide car magazine specification information table. To select samples of the Sport Utility Vehicle a total of 36 models, as well as the purchasing function assessment attribute 14 pointer as a variable. Another big five structure analysis of the consumer behavior.According to investigate 143 samples as the observed values, structure question as all variables. This research is divided into Google questionnaire and the paper questionnaire in parallel sampling methods, obtained a total of 143 samples. Analysis of attribute data of Imported Sport Utility Vehicle models, according to the research results into off-road group. High power and spacious group, energy saving group, economy safety group four groups, high power and spacious group are the most. Its characteristics for the maximum torque, car weight, car width, maximum horsepower, price, car length, Exhaust capacity, speed. The five clustering of consumer behavior：1.Life type：divided into three groups, the conservative group found more frugal, consumer behavior of the group is conservative, with parity and imported cars car material quality；2.Brand image：divided into four groups,to the well-known service group are most. It is found that the group to pay attention to customer service service and high brand awareness； 3.purchasing motivation：divided into four groups, the common and medium price group are most. It is found that the group of love buy more functional and multipurpose cars, the price of the vehicle can be like Sign status； 4.purchase decision：divided into four groups, to the safety and wisdom group are most. It is found that the group in favor of active safety and intelligent vehicle equipped with high-tech； 5.satisfaction investigation：divided into four groups, to appreciate the trendy group are most. It is found that the consumer type must conform to design fashion and trend, and to enhance personal value.
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40

Hsu, Pei-Chen, and 許倍甄. "The Exploratory Study of the Word-of-Mouth Maintaining Factors：With Sport Utility Vehicle as an Example." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/vg22kf.

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Abstract:
碩士
國立臺北科技大學
工業工程與管理系所
94
The main of this research treats of the WOM maintaining of two famous imported sport utility vehicles：Lexus RX330 and Nissan Infiniti FX35, analyses the main WOM disseminating factor that affects the maintaining periods of two cars and defines it as WOM maintaining factor. First gives the operational definition for the word-of-mouth maintaining, collects continually the information relative to WOM maintaining from internet, newspapers or magazines, uses the forums, message boards or the discussion forums of official websites to search the positive WOM for two cars, then analyzes the differences of two curve charts and the WOM disseminating factors. Those WOM disseminating factors that mainly affect the differences of WOM maintaining period are the WOM maintaining factors disserted in this disquisition. This research is proceeding by the quality document content studying, compares WOM disseminating factors of Lexus RX330 and Infiniti FX35 via the selections from positive and negative WOM from network forums and the WOM disseminating factors where comes from those positive WOM. After a series of filtrations, we found 5 critical WOM disseminating factors that affect the WOM maintaining period of two imported sport utility vehicles：fuel economy、equability、low rate of depreciation、brand predilection（brand is the representation of the social position.）、purchase service and excellent after service（great maintenance system、more service centers、responses to the after service are better than other companies、the reception of executive managers）and so on. This research will define them as WOM maintaining factors of the imported sport utility vehicles.
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41

Tsai, Yung-TA, and 蔡咏達. "How Major Elements Of Front View And Their Relationship Contribute To The Beauty Of Sport Utility Vehicle." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20271217704850797876.

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Abstract:
碩士
大葉大學
設計暨藝術學院碩士班
100
Automobile consists of several feature elements. Certain researches had tried to investigate how feature elements influence the beauty of the front view and had shown that the sequences of cars based on evaluation of feature elements and their interrelations were consistent to evaluation of the cars holistically. This research took SUV as example trying to extend the investigation to find the weighting of elements and their interrelations on the holistic beauty of the front view. Twenty 2011 SUVs on U-Car website were selected as samples. A holistic evaluation of the front view was first made, followed by evaluation based on feature elements and their interrelations. Multiple regression analysis was then employed to find the weighting of the elements and their interrelations. The results show that elements and their interrelations influence the beauty of the front view in the following sequence: The outline of the front view, interrelation between rear-view mirror and front lamps, interrelation between front lamps and air intake, interrelation between air intake and hood lines, interrelation between windshield and hood lines, as well as hood lines themselves. To design a beautiful font-view, aforementioned items should be paid attention to.
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42

Hsiang-YuLien and 連祥宇. "A Study on the Relationship between Form of Sport Utility Vehicle and the Theory of Twelve Archetypes." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/hqsqxa.

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43

ChangShuyuan and 張書源. "Structural Stiffness and Strength Analysis of the Chassis Structure and the Weight Reduction Design of the front Knuckle for a Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV)." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28073890104405646050.

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Abstract:
碩士
國立屏東科技大學
車輛工程系所
97
This research presents the weight reduction design for a SUV knuckle and chassis structure analysis by using computer aided design and analysis technique. Mold tool is used to measure the 3D profile of knuckle and Control Arm. A computer-aided design software (UniGraphics) is used to rebuild a 3D detailed model. A commercial code, ANSYS, is used to establish a finite element model and analyze the strength and deformations of the chassis structure and knuckle. The mechanical properties are obtained from the tensile tests. The finite element model are validated in comparison with experimental modal analysis for knuckle and control arm. The weight reduction design for knuckle by using aluminum alloy A356-T6 is then investigated. A static test is conducted on the full vehicle to obtain the wheel loads, the center of gravity, the component weight and the strain of the knuckle. Dynamic test is conducted on the vehicle to measure the accelerations and the strain of the knuckle under the conditions of bumping, cornering and breaking. Test result are then used to validate the analysis result.
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44

Kao, Ming-Chih, and 高銘志. "Vehicle Recorder With Blind Spot Detection Function." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65455929775212945224.

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Abstract:
碩士
中原大學
電機工程研究所
101
Vehicle blind spot detection system is used for road driving, in order to detect the visual blind spot area due to the car environmental constraints to enhance the traffic safety. The technology is widely developed and applied by car manufacturers and research institutions to enhance safety of driving. Most blind spot detection area includes the range of both car sides and rear side, and the mostly used technologies are image object recognition and short-wave radar echo detection. In this thesis, we focus on the detection of the front blind spot areas due to the car pillars and car turning by using ultra wide angle vehicle record image system. We hope the proposed technology can be used for object detection and early warning prevention to improve road safety and to reduce driving accident occurrence.
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45

Wu, Yu-Yun, and 吳玉燕. "Sport utility vehicles market experience factors of the marketing strategy." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70777976183424628176.

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Abstract:
碩士
玄奘大學
國際企業學系碩士班
100
This research attempts to examine the effects of the strategic factors of experiential marketing on the successful choice and implementation of experiential value by adopting the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The research subjects are the sports utility vehicles (SUV) of the well-known British SUV brand LAND ROVER, which has demonstrated its artistic workmanship for the past 60 years. This research studies factors of experiential marketing in Taiwan’s SUV market. The literature review is based on experiential marketing which was integrated from individual consumer psychology and social behavior proposed by Sichmitt (1999) as the conceptual framework for managing customer experiences. This framework has two levels, namely strategic experiential modules (SEMs) and experiential providers (ExPros). SEMs are the building blocks of experiential marketing while ExPros are the strategic tools of experiential marketing. Mathwick, Malhotra and Rigdon (2001), by drawing upon the customer value of “Experiential View” proposed by Holbrook (1996), divided experiential values into four major dimensions (refer to Table 2-6) which include customer return on investment (CROI), service excellence, aesthetics and playfulness. Drawing upon the experiential providers and experiential modules proposed by Schmitt (1999) and experiential value perceived by customers, Tseng Kuang-Hua (2009) from Taiwan conducted in-depth examinations on external determinants, internal psychological determinants and important scaling factors between experiential marketing, the actual operating environment of providers and human capital, the importance and priority of items under implementation and the effects of the choice and implementation of relational strategies among them. By way of this, an effective product evaluation framework can be constructed, which in turn provides important information for formulating general marketing strategies in product design and development. This research analyzes the formulation, weights and importance of marketing strategies in the “SUV market” as well as the choice of optimal marketing strategy. The results are used to construct the hierarchy structure of key factors affecting the choice of marketing strategies in the automobile market. Further attempt is made to analyze relative weights according to the factors by adopting the AHP. In addition to obtaining different weights given by relevant businesses and experts, an observation method is also adopted to analyze and compare different views held on marketing strategies by relevant businesses and experts to effectively grasp their considerations regarding the choice of marketing strategies, and incorporate views held by relevant government agencies. These will help achieve the objective of this research. Key words: Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV), Analytic Hierarchy Process
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46

Ma, Shao-zong, and 馬紹宗. "Blind-spot Vehicle Detection with Dynamic and StaticVision Methods." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88352512681255607686.

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Abstract:
碩士
國立中央大學
資訊工程研究所
98
Developing a real-time automotive driver assistant system for safety has emerged wide attention in recent years. When driving on the road, the fields of view beside the host vehicle for drivers are limited. If the driver changes lane without being aware of the objects in the blind-spot area, the potential collision accident may occur. For ensuring the safety of changing lane, our method uses a camera mounted in side-view mirror to capture the image in blind-spot area and detects the vehicle with computer-vision technology. The proposed method offers the blind-spot detection includes defining the detection and decision zone, estimating optical flow, filtering and grouping these estimated optical flow and using the process of tracking and stabilization to accomplish the detection. Considering the situation that optical flow disappears in consecutive tracking process, the proposed method detects the vehicle shadow to keep detecting and tracking. The proposed method also uses the shadow to enhance the detection result generated by optical flow. We apply the proposed detection method to many different situations. In experiments, the detection rate in urban area in daylight is about 95%. The detection rate in suburban area is about 97%. The detection rate in night is about 90%. The detection method operates in Intel? Core 2 Duo? E8400 3.0 GHz CPU, 2GB DDR RAM, Microsoft? Windows 7 has at least 30 frames per seconds.
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47

Chen, Wei-Shen, and 陳威伸. "Blind-spot Vehicle Detection with Dynamic and Static Visual Clues." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24809131863680788352.

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Abstract:
碩士
國立中央大學
資訊工程研究所
100
In these decades, traffic accidents have increased year after year. For traffic safety, many companies and research institutes developed real-time vehicle safety systems. When driving on the road, the view fields beside the host vehicle are limited and the drivers can not clearly observe both sides of the blind spot area; then accidents may occur when the driver changes lane. In order to avoid the accidents, we use a camera mounted under a side-view mirror and detect the vehicles with computer-vision technology. The proposed blind-spot detection system consists of seven stages: defining the detection zone, feature point detection and filtering, optical flow estimation, optical flow filtering, optical flow grouping, vehicle underneath shadow detection, and still object detection. The dynamic information can detect moving objects, but can not detect vehicles which are still relative to the host vehicle. Thus, we include static information to assist detecting these objects. The proposed detection system has been test in various weather conditions including sunny, cloudy, rainy day, night, etc. In experiments, the detection rate is about 97% in sunny day, 95% in cloudy day and 92% in night. The performance of the proposed system reaches 30 frames per second on an Intel? Core 2 Duo? E8300 2.83 GHz CPU, 2GB DDR RAM running on Microsoft? Windows 7.
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48

Chen, Bo-Yu, and 陳柏宇. "Implementation of Side Blind Spot Detection and Test Vehicle System." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82zd2p.

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Abstract:
碩士
國立雲林科技大學
電子工程系
103
Driving safety and automated driving have become the development focus areas for future intelligent cars. Currently, our laboratory team has completed nineteen related functions, such as the ADAS automatic wipers and the AVM. However, before the automakers decide to adopt the developing technology of our laboratory team, the proposed technology has to pass the verification for the accuracy and the data analysis of each function over 100,000 km. To avoid the blind spots while changing lanes, most systems apply the radar and the cameras as sensor, wherein the systems that use cameras as sensor often apply pattern recognition to detect the cars passing through both sides. Therefore, this paper proposes an undistorted driving condition reconstruction technology in laboratory to develop the intelligent car system and the blind spot detection (BSD) system using cameras as sensor and image processing. The proposed blind spot detection system adopts cameras as sensor and applies image processing to recognize the cars passing through both sides, which determines if the side cars move forward. This system can prevent the sustained alarm of the systems that apply the radar as sensor while cars pass through the urban areas, which may irritate the drivers. Finally, the proposed undistorted driving condition reconstruction technology in laboratory includes three major aims: analyzing the system accuracy of each function, reconstructing all driving information without distortion for system development of the laboratory, and analyzing large driving information automatically for the automakers on the prenatal assessment. Hence, the proposed system can pass the most stringent requirements of the pre-installed markets of automakers, and this paper is the key of whether the intelligent image system of our laboratory team can be installed on commercially available cars.
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49

Hsu, Chen-Tao, and 徐震濤. "Light- and distance-adaptive vehicle detection in blind-spot areas." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/949k5t.

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Abstract:
博士
國立中央大學
資訊工程學系
104
A driver wants to change lane when driving on a road, he must glance the rearview and outside mirrors of his vehicle and turn his head to scan the possible approaching vehicles on the side lanes. However, the field of view by the above behavior is limited; there is a blind spot area invisible. To avoid the possible traffic accident during lane change, we here propose a lane change assistance system to assist drivers changing lane. In this system, two cameras are mounted under outside mirrors of the host vehicle to capture rear-side-view images for detecting approaching side vehicles. In this application of visual detection, there are two main problems influencing the detection results, they are various light conditions and perspective projection effect. In this study, we present two adaptive methods to overcome the two problems. Drivers have to face various weather and environment conditions when driving. The different weather conditions cause various light conditions, and the various light conditions may influence the detection results. The proposed method uses a 2-D intensity/gradient histogram to adaptively judge the edge, shadow, lane marks, and other scene components in various light conditions. On the other hand, when a side vehicle runs toward to the host vehicle with constant speed, the size and speed of the side vehicle appear increasing in images due to perspective projection effect. In this study, we propose a distance-adaptive method to compensate the horizontal optical-flow vectors in images. After the compensation, the horizontal optical-flow vectors are invariant to distance. Besides the above light and distance variant problems, the blind-spot vehicle detection also encounters the problems of false detection on lane marks and tree shadow on ground, and loss detection on similar-speed side vehicles. Thus, both static and motion features are adopted and sophisticatedly judged to detect side vehicles in this study. The proposed system consists of four stages: estimation of light-adaptive threshold values with a 2-D intensity/gradient histogram, multiresolution optical flow estimation with distance-adaptive compensation, static feature detection, and detection decision based on the static and motion features. In experiments 6842 images in 14 side-vehicle videos were tested to evaluate the performance of the proposed systems. These videos were captured from six kinds of light conditions. Without light-adaptive function, we set 27 groups given values to three kinds of threshold values: underneath shadow, lane marking, and edge points. And also, we apply the 27 groups given value to five detection methods: only static (S), only motion (M), static and motion (S&M), static or motion (SorM), and mutually combing static and motion features without light-adaptive method (SM). Comparing the results of five detection methods, we find that we need the light-adaptive method to adjust the three kinds of threshold dynamically. After applying light-adaptive detection method, the accuracy of mutually combining static and motion features with light-adaptive method achieves 91.84% detection rate, 7.12% false alarm rate, and 1.04% missing rate. The accuracy of mutually combining static and motion features with light-adaptive method improve 16.68% than without light-adaptive method. The missing rate with light-adaptive is lower 19.82% than without light-adaptive method. With distance-adaptive function, first, we prove that the horizontal optical-flow vectors are invariant to distance after compensation. Second, we develop a distance-adaptive detection method to detect side vehicle. The accuracy of distance-adaptive method achieves 93.88% detection rate, 5.36% false alarm rate, and 0.76% missing rate.
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50

王名煒. "A Study on Selection of Sport Utility Vehicles－An Application of Context-Dependent DEA." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10263157334041634446.

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Abstract:
碩士
佛光大學
管理學系
99
The purpose of this study is to evaluate 32 sport utility vehicles (SUVs) of sixteen major world automobile manufacturing companies from a car dealer’s perspective by using production approach. This study uses context-dependent data envelopment analysis and cross efficiency meacure as the evaluation tools and selects two inputs (price and maintenance cost) and 5 outputs (c.c. ; ps; kg-m; L/ km; and safety facility). The results of this study show: (i) the levels of efficiency frontiers of SUVs are divided into three levels, the first level includes 15 SUVs, the second level includes 13 SUVs, and the third level includes 4 SUVs ; (ii) DMU 9 is the best practice on the first level, DMU 29 is the best practice on the second level; DMU 5 is the best practice on the third level ; (iii) DMU 9 is the benchmarking SUV, DMU 25、DMU 31、DMU 32 is the niche player, potential competitors are DMU 21 and DMU 22 ; (v) DMU 20 has the best level of attractiveness，DMU 11 has the worst level of progress of the second frontier to the first frontier, DMU 8 has the worst level of progress of the third frontier to the first frontier, and DMU 5 has the worst level of progress of the third frontier to the second frontier ; and (iv) a SUV with a high level of attractiveness doest not have a high level of progress.
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