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Academic literature on the topic 'Sports=2015-05-10'
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Journal articles on the topic "Sports=2015-05-10"
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Jakovleva, Monta, and Ieva Rudzinska. "REGULARITIES OF YOUNGSTER FREE TIME PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN A LATVIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL." Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences 2, no. 105 (2017): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33607/bjshs.v2i105.21.
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Background. Article investigates youngster physical activity (PA) habits, finding tendencies of PA participation, factors promoting and impeding it. Methods. The methods include literature analysis, cross-sectional study with self-reported questionnaire consisting of 11 questions and statements about most popular leisure sports, frequency, venues, significant others, and neighbourhood influence. The questionnaire, based on EU Special Eurobarometer 412 “Sport and Physical Activity”, research in Northern and Eastern countries, as well as in the Netherlands, was sent by e-mail to 91 Grade 10 subjects in a Latvian mainstream secondary school in the academic year of 2015/2016; the response rate was 60%. The statistical analysis was carried out with Index method and SPSS software. Results. The Cronbach’s alpha for neighbourhood section (5 items) of the questionnaire was .74. The validity of the questionnaire was based on the consideration that the questions were drawn from surveys, described in reliable sources. Most of the students with friends or alone did three sports at sport schools (69.50%), as well as in parks, woods, seaside, at home, most popular sports were team games (basketball, volleyball), winter sports (skiing and snowboarding), fitness sports (running), strength sports (gym workout) and gymnastics. Statistically significant, medium strong correlations were found between good relations with neighbours and high level of well-being (r = .38, p = .05). Conclusion. The student choice to practice team games and gymnastics might be influenced by traditional youngster values and their status as trendy sports, but winter sports in Latvia traditionally are among the most popular ones. Good neighbourhood relations could help youngsters be more physically active.
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Khan, Moin, Nathan Evaniew, Mark Gichuru, et al. "The Fragility of Statistically Significant Findings From Randomized Trials in Sports Surgery: A Systematic Survey." American Journal of Sports Medicine 45, no. 9 (2016): 2164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546516674469.
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Background: High-quality, evidence-based orthopaedic care relies on the generation and translation of robust research evidence. The Fragility Index is a novel method for evaluating the robustness of statistically significant findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). It is defined as the minimum number of patients in 1 arm of a trial that would have to change status from a nonevent to an event to alter the results of the trial from statistically significant to nonsignificant. Purpose: To calculate the Fragility Index of statistically significant results from clinical trials in sports medicine and arthroscopic surgery to characterize the robustness of the RCTs in these fields. Methods: A search was conducted in Medline, EMBASE, and PubMed for RCTs related to sports medicine and arthroscopic surgery from January 1, 2005, to October 30, 2015. Two reviewers independently assessed titles and abstracts for study eligibility, performed data extraction, and assessed risk of bias. The Fragility Index was calculated using the Fisher exact test for all statistically significant dichotomous outcomes from parallel-group RCTs. Bivariate correlation was performed to evaluate associations between the Fragility Index and trial characteristics. Results: A total of 48 RCTs were included. The median sample size was 64 (interquartile range [IQR], 48.5-89.5), and the median total number of outcome events was 19 (IQR, 10-27). The median Fragility Index was 2 (IQR, 1-2.8), meaning that changing 2 patients from a nonevent to an event in the treatment arm changed the result to a statistically nonsignificant result, or P ≥ .05. Conclusion: Most statistically significant RCTs in sports medicine and arthroscopic surgery are not robust because their statistical significance can be reversed by changing the outcome status on only a few patients in 1 treatment group. Future work is required to determine whether routine reporting of the Fragility Index enhances clinicians’ ability to detect trial results that should be viewed cautiously.
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Dean, Robert S., J. Chris Coetzee, Rebecca Stone McGaver, Jacquelyn E. Fritz, and Lawrence J. Nilsson. "Functional Outcome of Sesamoid Excision in Athletes." American Journal of Sports Medicine 48, no. 14 (2020): 3603–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546520962518.
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Background: Sesamoid injuries can have a significant effect on the ability of athletes to return to play. The literature shows mixed results with sesamoid excisions and the ability to return to sports. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose was to describe patient-reported outcomes and return to sports in athletes after sesamoidectomy with a proper surgical technique and a well-structured rehabilitation protocol. It was hypothesized that sesamoid excision would demonstrate reproducible and encouraging long-term patient outcomes. Study design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: All patients from a single surgeon’s practice who underwent sesamoidectomy between January 2006 and September 2015 were identified. Medial sesamoids were excised through a medial approach, and lateral sesamoids were excised through a plantar approach. The plantar structures were adequately repaired after excision. The Foot Function Index–Revised (FFI-R), 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), and visual analog scale (VAS) were collected preoperatively and at subsequent follow-up appointments. A patient satisfaction survey and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) questionnaire were also collected. Athletes were defined as those who participated in sports at a high school level or higher. Results: Of the 108 feet that met the inclusion criteria, 26 werelost to follow-up, leaving 82 feet for analysis at a mean 31.3 ± 26.0 months. There were 72 female patients and 10 male patients included in the final analysis, with a mean age of 44.9 ± 20.2 years. There were 54 medial, 18 lateral, and 10 medial and lateral sesamoid excisions. There were 26 competitive athletes with follow-up appointments (dancer, n = 12; pivot sport athlete, n = 8; runner, n = 6). Both the entire study population and the athletes demonstrated a significant improvement in SF-12, SANE, VAS, and FFI-R cumulative at the latest available follow-up ( P < .05). Among the athletes, 80% were able to return to competitive sports at a mean 4.62 ± 1.01 months after surgery. The median satisfaction score among all patients was 97.5%. There was no difference in the success rate between the different etiologies at any of the follow-up intervals. Conclusion: Chronic sesamoid pain is difficult to treat, but this study confirms that with a meticulous surgical technique and a dedicated postoperative rehabilitation program, encouraging patient-reported outcomes can be expected with a minimal risk of complications. Moreover, in the current study, 80% of competitive athletes were able to return to sports at a mean of 4.62 months after surgery.
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Zou, Yunxuan, Xue Li, Lei Wang, Caixia Tan, and Yongzhan Zhu. "Endoscopically Assisted, Minimally Invasive Reconstruction for Chronic Achilles Tendon Rupture With a Double-Bundle Flexor Hallucis Longus." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 3 (2021): 232596712097999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120979990.
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Background: High morbidity has been reported regarding Achilles tendon (AT) injuries, and the upward trend has accelerated since the mid-1990s. A chronic Achilles tendon rupture usually results from a neglected or misdiagnosed acute rupture, and about one-fifth of acute AT ruptures are missed and lead to chronic AT rupture. Although many techniques have been described, there is no gold standard in the treatment of chronic AT ruptures. Hypothesis: Endoscopically assisted, minimally invasive reconstruction for chronic AT rupture using a double-bundle flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon would result in improvement of the overall function, with a low rate of wound complications. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Between May 2015 and November 2016, a total of 19 consecutive patients were enrolled and treated using endoscopically assisted, minimally invasive reconstruction for chronic AT rupture using a double-bundle FHL. The operative assessment comprised the Achilles Tendon Total Rupture Score, the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society score, the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment–Achilles score, and a postoperative questionnaire. All postoperative complications were recorded. Results: The mean follow-up time for all patients was 31 months (range, 20-42 months). According to the postoperative questionnaire, the result of surgery was excellent in 8 (42%) of 19 patients, good in 10 (53%), and fair in 1 (5%). All clinical outcome scores (mean ± SD) improved significantly after surgery: Achilles Tendon Total Rupture Score, 23.3 ± 10.3 vs 98.3 ± 9.2 (postoperatively vs preoperatively); American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society, 52.1 ± 12.4 vs 97.5 ± 18.9; and Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment–Achilles, 23.4 ± 11.2 vs 95.7 ± 17.1 ( P < .05). No complications with regard to wound healing or infection were noted. Twelve relatively young patients returned to preinjury activity levels, such as playing basketball or badminton, and the older patients were able to meet their daily needs, such as walking up stairs and jogging. Conclusion: Chronic AT ruptures were successfully treated via minimally invasive reconstruction using a double-bundle FHL, which provided excellent functional improvement. It is best suited for patients with complex requirements who are at high risk for wound complications.
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Mackintosh, Kelly A., Kate Ridley, Gareth Stratton, and Nicola D. Ridgers. "Energy Cost of Free-Play Activities in 10- to 11-Year-Old Children." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 13, s1 (2016): S71—S74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2015-0709.
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Objective:This study sought to ascertain the energy expenditure (EE) associated with different sedentary and physically active free-play activities in primary school-aged children.Methods:Twenty-eight children (13 boys; 11.4 ± 0.3 years; 1.45 ± 0.09 m; 20.0 ± 4.7 kg·m-2) from 1 primary school in Northwest England engaged in 6 activities representative of children’s play for 10 minutes (drawing, watching a DVD, playground games and free-choice) and 5 minutes (self-paced walking and jogging), with 5 minutes rest between each activity. Gas exchange variables were measured throughout. Resting energy expenditure was measured during 15 minutes of supine rest.Results:Child (Schofield-predicted) MET values for watching a DVD, self-paced jogging and playing reaction ball were significantly higher for girls (P < .05).Conclusions:Utilizing a field-based protocol to examine children’s free-living behaviors, these data contribute to the scarcity of information concerning children’s EE during play to update the Compendium of Energy Expenditures for Youth.
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Cull, Brooke J., Mark D. Haub, Richard R. Rosenkranz, Thomas Lawler, and Sara K. Rosenkranz. "The Seated Inactivity Trial (SIT): Physical Activity and Dietary Outcomes Associated With 8 Weeks of Imposed Sedentary Time." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 13, no. 3 (2016): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2015-0096.
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Background:Sedentary time is an independent risk factor for chronic diseases and mortality. It is unknown whether active adults alter their dietary and/or physical activity behaviors in response to imposed sedentary time, possibly modifying risk. The aim of this study was to determine whether imposed sedentary time would alter typical behaviors of active adults.Methods:Sixteen physically active, young adults were randomized to the no-intervention control (CON, n = 8) group or the sedentary-intervention (SIT, n = 8) group. SIT participants attended monitored sedentary sessions (8 wk, 10 h/wk). Assessments including diet and physical activity occurred at baseline, week 4, and week 9.Results:There were no differences (P > .05) between CON and SIT groups for step counts or time spent in sedentary, light, moderate, or vigorous physical activity when comparing a week during imposed sedentary time (week 4) to baseline and week 9. At week 4, caloric intake was not different from baseline (P > .05) in either group. Caloric intake decreased significantly (P > .05) in SIT from baseline to week 9.Conclusions:Active adults did not alter physical activity or dietary behaviors during the imposed sedentary intervention. However, SIT reduced caloric intake from baseline to week 9, indicating a possible compensatory response to imposed sitting in active adults.
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Sandbakk, Øyvind, Vegard Rasdal, Steinar Bråten, Frode Moen, and Gertjan Ettema. "How Do World-Class Nordic Combined Athletes Differ From Specialized Cross-Country Skiers and Ski Jumpers in Sport-Specific Capacity and Training Characteristics?" International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 11, no. 7 (2016): 899–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0285.
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Purpose:To compare sport-specific laboratory capacities and the annual training of world-class Nordic combined (NC) athletes with specialized ski jumpers (SJ) and cross-country (XC) skiers.Methods:Five world-class athletes from each sports discipline were compared. Ski jump imitations were performed on a 3-dimensional force plate in NC athletes and SJ, whereas XC skiing characteristics were obtained from submaximal and maximal roller ski skating on a treadmill in NC athletes and XC skiers. In addition, anthropometrics and annual training characteristics were determined.Results:NC athletes demonstrated 9% higher body mass and showed 17% lower vertical speed in the ski jump imitation than SJ (all P < .05). NC athletes had 12% lower body mass and showed 10% lower peak treadmill speed and 12% lower body-mass-normalized peak oxygen uptake than XC skiers (all P < .05). NC athletes performed half the number of ski-jumping-specific sessions and outdoor ski jumps compared with SJ. NC athletes performed 31% less endurance training, mainly caused by lower amounts of low- and moderate-intensity training in the classical technique, whereas high-intensity strength and speed training and endurance training in the skating technique did not differ substantially from XC skiers.Conclusions:To simultaneously optimize endurance, explosive, and technical capacities in 2 different disciplines, world-class NC athletes train approximately two-thirds of the XC skier’s endurance training volume and perform one-half of the ski-jump-specific training compared with SJ. Still, the various laboratory capacities differed only 10–17% compared with SJ and XC skiers.
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Ruby, Maxwell, Chris P. Repka, and Paul J. Arciero. "Comparison of Protein-Pacing Alone or Combined With Yoga/Stretching and Resistance Training on Glycemia, Total and Regional Body Composition, and Aerobic Fitness in Overweight Women." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 13, no. 7 (2016): 754–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2015-0493.
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Background:Yoga/Stretching (YS) and functional resistance (FR) training are popular exercise routines. A protein-pacing (PP) diet is a common dietary regimen. Thus, we assessed the effectiveness of a PP diet alone and in combination with either YS or FR to improve body composition and cardiometabolic health.Methods:Twenty-seven overweight women (age = 43.2 ± 4.6 years) were randomized into 3 groups: yoga (YS, n = 8) or resistance (FR, n = 10) training (3 days/week) in conjunction with PP diet (50% carbohydrate, 25% protein, and 25% fat) or PP diet-only (PP, n = 9) throughout 12-week study. PP maintained preexisting levels of physical activity. Body weight (BW), total (BF) and abdominal (ABF) body fat, waist circumference (WC), plasma biomarkers, and aerobic fitness (VO2) were measured at baseline and 12 weeks.Results:WC and total cholesterol improved in all groups, whereas glycemia tended to improve (P = .06) in S. BF, ABF, and VO2 increased significantly in YS and FR (P < .05). Feelings of vigor increased in YS and tension decreased in FR (P < .05).Conclusions:YS training tended to decrease blood glucose compared with FR and PP and is equally effective at enhancing body composition, and aerobic fitness in overweight women providing a strong rationale for further research on YS training.
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Urda, Joyan L., Jeffrey S. Lynn, Andrea Gorman, and Beth Larouere. "Effects of a Minimal Workplace Intervention to Reduce Sedentary Behaviors and Improve Perceived Wellness in Middle-Aged Women Office Workers." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 13, no. 8 (2016): 838–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2015-0385.
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Background:The purpose of this study was to determine whether an alert to get up once per hour while at work would reduce sitting time, increase sit-to-stand transitions, and improve perceived wellness in women with sedentary jobs.Methods:Female university staff and administrators (48 ± 10 years) were randomly assigned to control-control (CC) (n = 22) or control-intervention (CI) (n = 22) groups. Both used a thigh-worn postural-based activity monitor for 2 weeks. The CC group maintained normal behaviors, whereas the CI group maintained behaviors during control week, but received hourly alerts on their computer during work hours in the intervention week. Time sitting and sit-to-stand transitions during an 8.5-hour workday were examined. A perceived wellness survey was completed at baseline and after the control and intervention weeks.Results:Among all participants (N = 44) during the control week, 68% of the workday was spent sitting and 41 sit-to-stand transitions occurred. An analysis of variance revealed no statistically significant differences in variables over time (P > .05). There was a significant increase in perceived wellness from baseline in both groups (P ≤ .05). Perceived wellness showed no statistically significant difference between groups.Conclusions:The intervention had no statistically significant effect on sitting time or sit-to-stand transitions. Participation improved perceived wellness in the absence of behavior change.
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Russell, Mark, Aden King, Richard M. Bracken, Christian J. Cook, Thibault Giroud, and Liam P. Kilduff. "A Comparison of Different Modes of Morning Priming Exercise on Afternoon Performance." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 11, no. 6 (2016): 763–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0508.
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Purpose:To assess the effects of different modes of morning (AM) exercise on afternoon (PM) performance and salivary hormone responses in professional rugby union players.Methods:On 4 occasions (randomized, crossover design), 15 professional rugby players provided AM (~8 AM) and PM (~2 PM) saliva samples before PM assessments of countermovement-jump height, reaction time, and repeated-sprint ability. Control (passive rest), weights (bench press: 5 × 10 repetitions, 75% 1-repetition maximum, 90-s intraset recovery), cycling (6 × 6-s maximal sprint cycling, 7.5% body mass load, 54-s intraset recovery), and running (6 × 40-m maximal sprints, 20-s intraset recovery) interventions preceded (~5 h) PM testing.Results:PM sprint performance improved (P < .05) after weights (>0.15 ± 0.19 s, >2.04% ± 2.46%) and running (>0.15 ± 0.17 s, >2.12% ± 2.22%) but not cycling (P > .05). PM jump height increased after cycling (0.012 ± 0.009 m, 2.31% ± 1.76%, P < .001) and running (0.020 ± 0.009 m, 3.90% ± 1.79%, P < .001) but not weights (P = .936). Reaction time remained unchanged between trials (P = .379). Relative to control (131 ± 21 pg/mL), PM testosterone was greater in weights (21 ± 23 pg/mL, 17% ± 18%, P = .002) and running (28 ± 26 pg/mL, 22% ± 20%, P = .001) but not cycling (P = .072). Salivary cortisol was unaffected by AM exercise (P = .540).Conclusions:All modes of AM exercise improved at least 1 marker of PM performance, but running appeared the most beneficial to professional rugby union players. A rationale therefore exists for preceding PM competition with AM exercise.