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Journal articles on the topic "Sports=2018-05-13"
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Erickson, Brandon J., James Carr, Peter N. Chalmers, Evan Vellios, and David W. Altchek. "Ulnar Collateral Ligament Tear Location May Affect Return-to-Sports Rate but Not Performance Upon Return to Sports After Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction Surgery in Professional Baseball Players." American Journal of Sports Medicine 48, no. 11 (2020): 2608–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546520947090.
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Background: The number of ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) tears in professional baseball players is increasing. UCL reconstruction (UCLR) is the treatment of choice in players with failed nonoperative treatment who wish to return to sports (RTS). It is unknown if UCL tear location influences the ability of players to RTS or affects their performance upon RTS. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to compare the RTS rate and performance upon RTS in professional baseball players who underwent UCLR based on UCL tear location (proximal vs distal). It was hypothesized that no difference in RTS rate or performance upon RTS will exist between players with proximal or distal UCL tears. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: All professional baseball players who underwent primary UCLR by a single surgeon between 2016 and 2018 were eligible for inclusion. Players with purely midsubstance tears or revision UCLR were excluded. Tear location was determined based on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and intraoperative findings. RTS rate and performance were compared between players with proximal versus distal UCL tears. Results: Overall, 25 pitchers (15 proximal and 10 distal tears) and 5 position players (2 proximal and 3 distal) underwent primary UCLR between 2016 and 2018. Of the 25 pitchers, 84% were able to RTS. Of the 5 position players, 80% were able to RTS. Among the total cohort of pitchers and position players, 12 out of 17 (71%) players with proximal tears were able to RTS, while of the 13 distal tears, 13 out of 13 (100%) players were able to RTS ( P = .05). With regard to performance data, pitchers with distal tears had higher utilization postoperatively and, as such, allowed statistically more hits ( P = .03), runs ( P = .015), and walks ( P = .021) postoperatively. However, the WHIP ([walks + hits]/innings pitched) was not different between players with proximal or distal tears, indicating that efficacy in games was not significantly different between groups. Conclusion: Professional baseball players who sustain a distal UCL tear and undergo UCLR may be more likely to RTS than those who sustain a proximal UCL tear and undergo UCLR. Players with distal UCL tears who underwent UCLR saw higher utilization postoperatively than those with proximal UCL tears. Further work is needed in this area to confirm this result.
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DeFroda, Steven F., Thomas D. Alter, Blake M. Bodendorfer, et al. "Clinically Significant Outcome Improvement After Hip Arthroscopy in Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome and Severe Femoral Torsion." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 10 (2021): 232596712110345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259671211034588.
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Background: The influence of femoral torsion on clinically significant outcome improvement after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) has not been well-studied. Purpose: To quantify femoral torsion in FAIS patients using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and explore the relationship between femoral torsion and clinically significant outcome improvement after hip arthroscopy. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Included were patients who underwent hip arthroscopy for FAIS between January 2012 and August 2018 and had 2-year follow-up and preoperative MRI scans containing transcondylar slices of the knee. Participants were categorized as having severe retrotorsion (SR; <0°), normal torsion (NT; 0°-25°), and severe antetorsion (SA; >25°) as measured on MRI. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) included the Hip Outcome Score–Activities of Daily Living, Hip Outcome Score–Sports Subscale, modified Harris Hip Score, 12-item International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12), and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and satisfaction. Achievement of Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) and substantial clinical benefit (SCB) were analyzed among cohorts. Results: Included were 183 patients (SR, n = 13; NT, n = 154; SA, n = 16) with a mean age, body mass index, and femoral torsion of 30.6 ± 12.1 years, 24.0 ± 4.4 kg/m2, and 12.55° ± 9.58°, respectively. The mean torsion was –4.5° ± 2.6° for the SR, 12.1° ± 6.8° for the NT, and 31.0° ± 3.6° for the SA group. There were between-group differences in the proportion of patients who achieved PASS and SCB on the iHOT-12, pain VAS, and any PRO ( P < .05). Post hoc analysis indicated that the SA group achieved lower rates of PASS and SCB on the iHOT-12 and pain VAS, and lower rates of PASS on any PRO versus the SR group ( P < .05); the SR group achieved higher rates of PASS and SCB on pain VAS scores versus the NT group ( P = .003). Conclusion: The orientation and severity of femoral torsion during hip arthroscopy influenced the propensity for clinically significant outcome improvement. Specifically, patients with femoral retrotorsion and femoral antetorsion had higher and lower rates of clinically significant outcome improvement, respectively.
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Levitsky, Matt, Justin Greisberg, and J. Turner Vosseller. "Demographic Factors Associated with Anterior Tibial Tendon Pathology." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 4, no. 4 (2019): 2473011419S0027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011419s00274.
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Category: Sports, tendon Introduction/Purpose: The tibialis anterior serves an important role in ankle motion as it provides the majority of strength with dorsiflexion. Despite the importance of this muscle, there is a relative dearth of information regarding risk factors and demographic information that might predispose people to tendinopathy or rupture. The goal of this study is to further investigate the features of patients in a single institution who presented with either tibialis anterior tendinopathy or rupture. We also examined the ways in which these patient characteristics might differ in traumatic (patient remembers feeling a pop after a specific activity) versus atraumatic tendon ruptures (happened spontaneously without patient realizing). Methods: We used ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes to find patients who presented with tibialis anterior pathology to two foot and ankle surgeons at one academic medical center from 2007-2018. We made note of patient characteristics such as age, gender, BMI, and medical comorbidities. Physical examination findings, such as gastrocnemius equinus, were noted as well. Characteristics of patients with traumatic and atraumatic tibialis anterior ruptures were compared using Student’s T-tests and chi-squared tests. Results: The characteristics of 93 consecutive patients between 2007 and 2018 were analyzed. There were 80 cases of tendinopathy, and 13 cases of tibialis anterior rupture. The average age of our patient group was 56 years, and the ratio of female to male was 73:20 (3.67:1). The average BMI was 27.2 kg/m2. 15 patients had a gastrocnemius equinus (16%). 75 patients had a neutral arch (81%), 16 patients had pes planus (17%), and two patients had pes cavus (2%). With regards to those who ruptured, there were two traumatic ruptures and 11 atraumatic ruptures. Average age for traumatic rupture was 39 years compared to 73 for atraumatic rupture (p<.05). Average BMI for traumatic rupture was 21 compared to 27 kg/m2 (p>.05). Conclusion: Our study investigates the features of patients in a single institution who presented with tibialis anterior pathology. This pathology was much more common in women and generally occurred in an older cohort. With regards to tendon ruptures, though, younger patients tend to suffer traumatic ruptures, while older patients are more likely to suffer more degenerative ruptures that required less energy for tensile failure of the tendon.
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Dekker, Travis J., Brandon Goldenberg, Lucca Lacheta, Marilee P. Horan, and Peter J. Millett. "Anterior Shoulder Instability in the Professional Athlete: Return to Competition, Time to Return, and Career Length." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 11 (2020): 232596712095972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120959728.
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Background: Anterior shoulder instability is a common condition in professional athletes, yet little is known about the success of surgery. Return to competition (RTC) is a metric indicative of a successful outcome for professional athletes who undergo anterior shoulder stabilization surgery. Purpose: To determine the rate of RTC, time to RTC, recurrence rate, and length of career after surgery in professional athletes who had undergone surgical treatment for anterior shoulder instability. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: We evaluated professional athletes who underwent surgical treatment for anterior shoulder instability by a single surgeon between 2007 and 2018. Data from patients’ medical records, a patient data registry, basic search engines, sports websites, and individual team websites were used to determine length of professional play before injury, duration of career after surgery, and RTC level. Results: Overall, 23 professional athletes (25 shoulders from 12 contact and 13 noncontact athletes) were identified. The mean age at the time of surgery was 24.3 ± 4.9 years (range, 16-35 years). Primary procedures included arthroscopic Bankart repair (76%; 19/25), open Latarjet (20%; 5/25), and bony Bankart repair (4%; 1/25). Of the 23 athletes, 22 returned to their previous level of competition (96%; 95% CI, 78%-100%). The mean time between surgery and RTC was 4.5 months (range, 3-8 months). There was no difference in time to RTC between contact and noncontact athletes (4.1 vs 4.4 months). There was no difference in RTC rates and time to return for players who received a Bankart repair versus a Latarjet procedure (4.6 vs 4.2 months). A total of 12 participants were still actively engaged in their respective sport at an average of 4.3 years since surgery, while 11 athletes went on to retire at an average of 4.8 years. Duration of play after surgery was 3.8 years for contact athletes and 5.8 years for noncontact athletes ( P > .05). Conclusion: In this series, professional athletes who underwent surgical shoulder stabilization for the treatment of anterior glenohumeral instability returned to their presurgical levels of competition at a high rate. No differences in RTC rate or time to RTC were observed for contact versus noncontact athletes or for those who received arthroscopic Bankart repair versus open Latarjet. However, contact athletes had shorter careers after surgery than did noncontact athletes.
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Lee, Sang-Ho, Steven D. Scott, Elizabeth J. Pekas, Jeong-Gi Lee, and Song-Young Park. "Improvement of Lipids and Reduction of Oxidative Stress With Octacosanol After Taekwondo Training." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 14, no. 9 (2019): 1297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0704.
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Purpose: Athletes in combat sports undergo rapid changes in body weight prior to competition in order to gain a size advantage over their opponent. However, these large weight changes with concomitant high-intensity exercise training create poor lipid profiles and high levels of oxidative stress, which can be detrimental to health and sport performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of the nutritional supplement octacosanol to combat the physiological detriments that occur in taekwondo players during rapid weight loss with high-intensity exercise training. Methods: A total of 26 male taekwondo players were randomly divided into 2 groups: An experimental group performed a 5% weight-loss and taekwondo training program with 40-mg octacosanol intake (OCT; n = 13) for 6 d, and a control group performed the same weight-loss and taekwondo training program with a placebo (CON; n = 13). Results: There were significant (P < .05) group × time interactions for low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides, which significantly decreased (Δ18 [5] mg/dL and Δ80 [7] mg/dL, respectively), and high-density lipoprotein, which significantly increased (Δ10 [7] mg/dL), in the OCT group compared with the CON group. There were also significant (P < .05) group × time interactions for superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA), with SOD increasing (Δ226 [121] U/gHb) in the OCT group, while GPx decreased (Δ20 [13] U/gHb) and MDA increased (Δ72 [0.04] nmol/mL) in the CON group. Conclusion: These results suggest that octacosanol may be a beneficial supplement to protect against the poor cholesterol levels and oxidative stress that occurs during taekwondo training.
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Fernandes, Bianca, Fabio Augusto Barbieri, Fernanda Zane Arthuso, et al. "High-Intensity Interval Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training in Individuals With Parkinson’s Disease: Hemodynamic and Functional Adaptation." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 17, no. 1 (2020): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2018-0588.
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Purpose: To investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus moderate-intensity continuous exercise training (MICE) on hemodynamic and functional variables in individuals with Parkinson’s disease. Methods: Twenty participants (13 men) were randomly assigned to a thrice-weekly HIIT (n = 12) or MICE (n = 8) for 12 weeks. Hemodynamic (resting heart rate and blood pressure, carotid femoral pulse wave velocity, endothelial reactivity, and heart rate variability) and functional variables (5-time sit-to-stand, timed up and go, and 6-min walking tests) assessed before and after training. Results: Demographic, hemodynamic and functional variables were similar between groups at baseline. Endothelial reactivity tended to increase after HIIT, but not after MICE, resulting in improved level (∼8%, P < .01) of this variable in HIIT versus MICE during follow-up. Six-minute walking test improved after HIIT (10.4 ± 3.8%, P < .05), but did not change after MICE. Sit to stand improved similarly after HIIT (27.2 ± 6.1%, P < .05) and MICE (21.5 ± 5.4%, P < .05). No significant changes were found after HIIT or MICE in any other variable assessed. Conclusion: These results suggest that exercise intensity may influence training-induced adaptation on endothelial reactivity and aerobic capacity in individuals with Parkinson’s disease.
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Chang, Seung Ho, Kyungun Kim, Jihyun Lee, and Sukho Lee. "The Effectiveness of Physical Activity Interventions for Low-Income and Ethnic Minority Children and Youths: A Meta-Analysis." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 16, no. 9 (2019): 799–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2018-0648.
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Background: Children and youths from low-income families and certain ethnic minority groups show high levels of risk and vulnerability to physical inactivity. The aim of this review was to examine the effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activity (PA) in children and youths from low-income and ethnic minority (LIEM) families. Methods: Eight databases were systematically searched for PA interventions for LIEM children and youths. Twenty-six studies were included in the analyses. Effect sizes (ESs) were calculated using a random-effects model. The ESs were computed using Hedges g with 95% confidence interval. Results: There were small to medium effects of interventions on PA in LIEM children and youth (Q = 1499.193, df = 30, P < .05; I2 = 97.999). Analyses on the moderator variables showed that ES for participants aged 9–12 years (ES = 0.542, P = .01); intervention length less than 13 weeks (ES = 0.561, P = .01); specialists as the intervention agent (ES = 0.680, P < .05); interventions without technology (ES = 0.363, P = .02); and interventions with a behavioral modification component (ES = 0.336, P = .03) were significantly different from zero. Conclusion: PA intervention can be an effective strategy to increase PA for LIEM children and youths.
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Song, Guan-yang, Qian-kun Ni, Tong Zheng, Zhi-jun Zhang, Hua Feng, and Hui Zhang. "Slope-Reducing Tibial Osteotomy Combined With Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Produces Improved Knee Stability in Patients With Steep Posterior Tibial Slope, Excessive Anterior Tibial Subluxation in Extension, and Chronic Meniscal Posterior Horn Tears." American Journal of Sports Medicine 48, no. 14 (2020): 3486–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546520963083.
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Background: Steep posterior tibial slope (PTS; >13°), excessive anterior tibial subluxation (ATS) in extension (>10 mm), and meniscus posterior horn tears (MPHTs) have been identified to be associated with primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) failure. Recent studies have reported that steep PTS is directly correlated with excessive ATS in extension and concomitant MPHTs, especially for those patients with chronic (>6 months) ACL deficiency. There is increasing biomechanical evidence that slope-reducing tibial osteotomy decreases ATS in extension and protects the ACL graft. Hypothesis: Slope-reducing tibial osteotomy combined with primary ACLR is effective for producing improved knee stability in patients with steep PTS (>13°), excessive ATS in extension (>10 mm), and concomitant chronic MPHTs (>6 months). Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Between June 2016 and January 2018, 18 patients with ACL injuries who had steep PTS (>13°), excessive ATS in extension (>10 mm), and concomitant chronic MPHTs (>6 months) underwent slope-reducing tibial osteotomy combined with primary ACLR. The PTS and anterior subluxation of the lateral and medial compartment (ASLC and ASMC) in extension before and after the index procedures were regarded as primary clinical outcomes. Moreover, Lysholm score, Tegner activity score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) objective grade, pivot-shift test, and KT-1000 side-to-side difference were evaluated preoperatively and at the minimum 2-year follow-up visit. Results: The mean PTS was 18.5° (range, 17°-20°) preoperatively and 8.1° (range, 7°-9°) postoperatively ( P < .01). The mean ASLC and ASMC in extension were 12.1 mm and 11.9 mm preoperatively, which reduced to 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm at the last follow-up visit ( P < .05). In addition, all of the following showed significant improvements (pre- vs postoperatively): mean Lysholm score (46.5 vs 89.5; P < .05), mean Tegner activity score (5.7 vs 7.3; P < .05), IKDC objective grading results (18 grade D vs 14 grade A and 4 grade B; P < .05), pivot-shift tests (15 grade 2+ and 3 grade 3+ vs 18 grade 0; P < .01), and KT-1000 side-to-side difference (13.0 mm vs 1.6 mm; P < .01). Moreover, no graft reruptures were found at the final follow-up visit. Conclusion: In this study, slope-reducing tibial osteotomy combined with primary ACLR effectively improved knee stability in patients with steep PTS (>13°), excessive ATS in extension (>10 mm), and concomitant chronic MPHTs (>6 months).
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Naclerio, Fernando, Eneko Larumbe-Zabala, Mar Larrosa, Aitor Centeno, Jonathan Esteve-Lanao, and Diego Moreno-Pérez. "Intake of Animal Protein Blend Plus Carbohydrate Improves Body Composition With no Impact on Performance in Endurance Athletes." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 29, no. 5 (2019): 474–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0359.
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The impact of animal protein blend supplements in endurance athletes is scarcely researched. The authors investigated the effect of ingesting an admixture providing orange juice and protein (PRO) from beef and whey versus carbohydrate alone on body composition and performance over a 10-week training period in male endurance athletes. Participants were randomly assigned to a protein (CHO + PRO, n = 15) or a nonprotein isoenergetic carbohydrate (CHO, n = 15) group. Twenty grams of supplement mixed with orange juice was ingested postworkout or before breakfast on nontraining days. Measurements were performed pre- and postintervention on body composition (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), peak oxygen consumption (), and maximal aerobic speed. Twenty-five participants (CHO + PRO, n = 12; CHO, n = 13) completed the study. Only the CHO + PRO group significantly (p < .05) reduced whole-body fat (mean ± SD) (−1.02 ± 0.6 kg), total trunk fat (−0.81 ± 0.9 kg), and increased total lower body lean mass (+0.52 ± 0.7 kg), showing close to statistically significant increases of whole-body lean mass (+0.57 ± 0.8 kg, p = .055). Both groups reduced (p < .05) visceral fat (CHO + PRO, −0.03 ± 0.1 kg; CHO, −0.03 ± 0.5 kg) and improved the speed at maximal aerobic speed (CHO + PRO, +0.56 ± 0.5 km/hr; CHO, +0.35 ± 0.5 km/hr). Although consuming animal protein blend mixed with orange juice over 10 weeks helped to reduce fat mass and to increase lean mass, no additional performance benefits in endurance runners were observed.
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Paulauskas, Henrikas, Rasa Kreivyte, Aaron T. Scanlan, Alexandre Moreira, Laimonas Siupsinskas, and Daniele Conte. "Monitoring Workload in Elite Female Basketball Players During the In-Season Phase: Weekly Fluctuations and Effect of Playing Time." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 14, no. 7 (2019): 941–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0741.
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Purpose:To assess the weekly fluctuations in workload and differences in workload according to playing time in elite female basketball players.Methods:A total of 29 female basketball players (mean [SD] age 21 [5] y, stature 181 [7] cm, body mass 71 [7] kg, playing experience 12 [5] y) belonging to the 7 women’s basketball teams competing in the first-division Lithuanian Women’s Basketball League were recruited. Individualized training loads (TLs) and game loads (GLs) were assessed using the session rating of perceived exertion after each training session and game during the entire in-season phase (24 wk). Percentage changes in total weekly TL (weekly TL + GL), weekly TL, weekly GL, chronic workload, acute:chronic workload ratio, training monotony, and training strain were calculated. Mixed linear models were used to assess differences for each dependent variable, with playing time (low vs high) used as fixed factor and subject, week, and team as random factors.Results:The highest changes in total weekly TL, weekly TL, and acute:chronic workload ratio were evident in week 13 (47%, 120%, and 49%, respectively). Chronic workload showed weekly changes ≤10%, whereas monotony and training strain registered highest fluctuations in weeks 17 (34%) and 15 (59%), respectively. A statistically significant difference in GL was evident between players completing low and high playing times (P = .026, moderate), whereas no significant differences (P > .05) were found for all other dependent variables.Conclusions:Coaches of elite women’s basketball teams should monitor weekly changes in workload during the in-season phase to identify weeks that may predispose players to unwanted spikes and adjust player workload according to playing time.
Books on the topic "Sports=2018-05-13"
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Bennett, Michael, Dave Zirin, JD Jackson, and Martellus Bennett. Things That Make White People Uncomfortable. HighBridge Audio, 2018.
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