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1

Fawver, Bradley, Garrett F. Beatty, John T. Roman, and Kevin Kurtz. "The Status of Youth Coach Training in the United States: Existing Programs and Room for Improvement." International Sport Coaching Journal 7, no. 2 (2020): 239–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2019-0017.

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The United States is one of the world’s perennial sports powers, yet the pathway to that success is littered with millions of youth athletes who either are not good enough to compete at a higher level or dropout from sport completely due to various personal, social, and organizational factors. These barriers are compounded by a win-at-all-costs mentality that pervades the U.S. sport culture and ultimately disenfranchises many youths from the opportunity to enjoy sport participation throughout their life. The authors argue that principle components in this flawed system are the lack of standard
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2

Khimenes, Kh, Yu Briskin, M. Pityn, I. Hluhov, and K. Drobot. "Monopoly and Rivalry in American Football in History and Nowadays." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 5, no. 5 (2020): 364–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs05.05.364.

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Professional sports leagues today are trying to increase their income and looking for new sources for this. In the United States, most leagues in one sport are monopoly structures. Considering the National Football League in this context, it is worth noting its rather strict policy towards possible competitors at the football market. At the same time, throughout the history of American football, there have been attempts to organize competing structures that have been more or less successful. The purpose of the study was to identify the features of the formation American football organizations
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3

Keller, Robert A., Vasilios Moutzouros, Joshua S. Dines, Charles A. Bush-Joseph, and Orr Limpisvasti. "Deep Venous Thrombosis Prophylaxis in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructive Surgery: What Is the Current State of Practice?" Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 10, no. 2 (2017): 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738117730576.

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Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant perioperative risk with many common orthopaedic procedures. Currently, there is no standardized recommendation for the use of VTE prophylaxis during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. This study sought to evaluate the current prophylactic practices of fellowship-trained sports medicine orthopaedic surgeons in the United States. Hypothesis: Very few surgeons use perioperative VTE prophylaxis for ACL reconstructive surgery. Study Design: Survey. Methods: Surveys were emailed to the alumni networks of 4 large ACGME-accredited
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4

Gems, Gerald. "Sport and Nation Building: A Comparison of the United States and South Africa." Physical education, sports and health culture in modern society, no. 3(47) (October 1, 2019): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/2220-7481-2019-03-03-09.

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The relevance of the research. This paper analyses the case of the USA and South Africa and its experiences in the sports sector since the period of apartheid, in an effort to explore the processes necessary to understand the potential sports may hold for peace building. By identifying initiatives of the USA in South Africa at the national, community and individual level of analysis, the paper outlines the possible effects of sports on reconciliation in divided states. Using a comparative historical approach, the connection between race as a cultural and political category rooted in the histor
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5

Omura, John D., Geoffrey P. Whitfield, Tiffany J. Chen, et al. "Surveillance of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Among Youth and Adults in the United States: History and Opportunities." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 18, S1 (2021): S6—S24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2021-0179.

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Background: Surveillance is a core function of public health, and approaches to national surveillance of physical activity and sedentary behavior have evolved over the past 2 decades. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of surveillance of physical activity and sedentary behavior in the United States over the past 2 decades, along with related challenges and emerging opportunities. Methods: The authors reviewed key national surveillance systems for the assessment of physical activity and sedentary behavior among youth and adults in the United States between 2000 and 2019. Result
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Mukhortov, Denis S., and Yana S. Malyavina. "Cross-situational Consistency of Female Politicians’ Language Use." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 10, no. 4 (2019): 1021–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2019-10-4-1021-1036.

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This article seeks to study political discourses of American female politicians, specifically Madeleine Albright, the first female United States Secretary of State in the history of the United States of America, from 1997 to 2001, Condoleezza Rice, the 66th United States Secretary of State, and Hillary Clinton, the 67th United States Secretary of State. Different in age, ethnicity, political views, educational and social backgrounds, they reveal that in order to succeed in the political arena, women are bound to hide their female personality. Examples in question are Madeline Albright and Cond
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7

Gupta, Sanjaya, Timir Baman, and Sharlene M. Day. "Cardiovascular Health, Part 1: Preparticipation Cardiovascular Screening." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 1, no. 6 (2009): 500–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738109350405.

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Context: Identification of potentially fatal cardiac conditions in otherwise healthy athletes presents a major challenge to the sports medicine community. The requirements for preparticipation screening vary among countries and even from state to state within the United States. The mandated use of an electrocardiogram as a screening implement has provoked international controversy. Evidence acquisition: Part 1 of this review highlights the current guidelines and controversies surrounding cardiovascular screening, with a focus on the diagnostic challenges associated with identifying athletes wi
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8

Perica, Vjekoslav. "United They Stood, Divided They Fell: Nationalism and the Yugoslav School of Basketball, 1968–2000." Nationalities Papers 29, no. 2 (2001): 267–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990120053746.

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Both Yugoslav wars and Yugoslav basketball were conspicuous in Western media in the 1990s. While CNN transmitted scenes of horror from battlefields of Bosnia and Kosovo, several dozen professional athletes of Yugoslav background could be seen in action on U. S. sport channels. Yugoslavs, by far the most numerous among foreign players in the strongest basketball league in the world—the American professional basketball league (NBA)—sparked the audience's curiosity about their background and the peculiar Yugoslav style of basketball. The literature concerning the Yugoslav crisis and Balkan wars n
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9

Hassner, Pierre. "Western European Dilemmas: Man, State, and History." Ethics & International Affairs 1 (March 1987): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.1987.tb00512.x.

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The European community holds a range of contradictory, changing, and evolving views of the United States and the Soviet Union. Hassner notes that the United States is seen both as an individualistic agent with a guilty conscience that intervenes irresponsibly and hypocritically, and as a model for resistance to oppression. The Soviet Union is also viewed antithetically, both condemned for totalitarianism and praised as more humanistic than the United States. Hassner sees these oppositions as reflecting the profound differences between the superpowers and indicating the challenge the United Sta
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10

Rabins, Peter V. "The History of Psychogeriatrics in the United States." International Psychogeriatrics 11, no. 4 (1999): 371–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610299005980.

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During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, elderly individuals with severe mental illness living in the United States were cared for in state-run facilities that went by various names (asylums, psychopathic hospitals, state hospitals, state mental hospitals, and medical centers). Since the beginning of the 20th century, approximately 20% of patients in state hospital facilities had brain diseases such as dementia, usually complicated by behavioral disorder.
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11

Aksenova, L. N., L. V. Sokolskaya, A. S. Valentonis, and I. V. Shcherbinina. "Formation of the Soviet education system among the indigenous peoples of Southern Siberia in the 1920s." Education and science journal 23, no. 2 (2021): 170–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2021-2-170-198.

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Introduction. In the era of the formation of the world educational space, historical and pedagogical studies of regional education systems acquire special relevance. Many states, while modernising their national education systems, turn to the experience of past generations in order to understand how socio-economic changes taking place around the world and in Russia can affect the education system of a particular region. The twenties of the last century in Russia is a time of searching for new types of schools, opportunities for educating and teaching the younger generation in the spirit of the
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12

Hahn, Peter L., and David Schoenbaum. "The United States and the State of Israel." American Historical Review 99, no. 2 (1994): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2167526.

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13

Frydl, Kathleen J. "Kidnapping and State Development in the United States." Studies in American Political Development 20, no. 1 (2006): 18–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x06000022.

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A nation-state defending against threats may, in the process, alter itself: some threats cannot be handled by existing political and institutional arrangements. Of course, the dynamic response undertaken to answer external, state-issued threats has been widely noted. Many students of government—if not history—understand wars between nations to be a great catalyst for state development. Interestingly, even non-state and vastly weaker threats can elicit transformative responses.
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14

Lamoreaux, Naomi R., and Barry D. Karl. "The Uneasy State: The United States from 1915 to 1945." Journal of Southern History 51, no. 1 (1985): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2209651.

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15

McMahon, Robert J., and James M. Carter. "Inventing Vietnam: The United States and State Building, 1954-1968." Journal of American History 96, no. 1 (2009): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27694873.

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16

Green, Craig. "United/States: A Revolutionary History of American Statehood." Michigan Law Review, no. 119.1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.119.1.united/states.

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Where did states come from? Almost everyone thinks that states descended immediately, originally, and directly from British colonies, while only afterward joining together as the United States. As a matter of legal history, that is incorrect. States and the United States were created by revolutionary independence, and they developed simultaneously in that context as improvised entities that were profoundly interdependent and mutually constitutive, rather than separate or sequential. “States-first” histories have provided foundational support for past and present arguments favoring states’ righ
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17

Barreyre, Nicolas, and Claire Lemercier. "The Unexceptional State: Rethinking the State in the Nineteenth Century (France, United States)." American Historical Review 126, no. 2 (2021): 481–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhab195.

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Abstract In the past thirty years, historians have deeply renewed our understanding of the state in the early republic period of the United States as much more powerful, deep reaching, and proactive than the traditional image represented. In France, too, new work has revised our vision of the state in the early nineteenth century, which looked different from the triumphant, Napoleonic leviathan that often appears in discourse. Yet both historiographies, having evolved separately, still base their conclusion on implicit comparisons, with an imagined “European” state or with a later “modern” sta
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18

Thelen, David. "Rethinking History and the Nation-State: Mexico and the United States." Journal of American History 86, no. 2 (1999): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2567038.

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19

Stern, Marc D. "United States: Supreme Court's surprise decision on church‐state issue." Patterns of Prejudice 21, no. 2 (1987): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0031322x.1987.9969906.

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20

Brock, William R., Michael J. Lacey, and Mary O. Furner. "The State and Social Investigation in Britain and the United States." Journal of American History 81, no. 3 (1994): 1280. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2081487.

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21

Heclo, Hugh, Michael J. Lacey, and Mary O. Furner. "The State and Social Investigation in Britain and the United States." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 26, no. 2 (1995): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/206630.

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22

Liss, Sheldon B., and Morris H. Morley. "Imperial State and Revolution: The United States and Cuba, 1952-1986." Journal of American History 75, no. 3 (1988): 1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1901724.

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23

Kurlantzick, Joshua. "Myanmar: The Next Failed State?" Current History 110, no. 737 (2011): 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2011.110.737.242.

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24

Steinberg, David R., and Marvin E. Steinberg. "The Early History of Arthroplasty in the United States." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 374 (May 2000): 55–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003086-200005000-00007.

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25

Wren, Douglas G. "Promoting Privilege." Murmurations: Emergence, Equity and Education 3, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31946/meee.v3i1.35.

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Point of view: I am a cisgender, White male in my sixties. I retired recently after working with children in a professional capacity since the mid-1970s. My first career involved organizing and managing youth sports programs for public recreation departments. I began my second career as an elementary school teacher in the privileged white neighborhood where I grew up near Atlanta, Georgia. There were no African American students at any of the public schools I attended. By the time I took a position in the central office after teaching for 14 years, Black students comprised 77% of the county’s
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26

Cochrane, James D., and Morris H. Morley. "Imperial State and Revolution: The United States and Cuba, 1952-1986." Hispanic American Historical Review 68, no. 4 (1988): 884. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2515752.

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27

Higgins, Trumbull, and Morris H. Morley. "Imperial State and Revolution: The United States and Cuba, 1952-1986." American Historical Review 94, no. 3 (1989): 898. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1873995.

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28

Cochrane, James D. "Imperial State and Revolution: The United States and Cuba, 1952-1986." Hispanic American Historical Review 68, no. 4 (1988): 884–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-68.4.884.

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29

Hannafin, Jo, and Lisa Callahan. "History of Women's Sports Medicine." Journal of Women's Sports Medicine 1, no. 1 (2021): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.53646/jwsm.v1i1.13.

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This editorial reviews the rationale for development of Women’s Sports Medicine Programs in the United States. Current issues surrounding the lack of sex-specific analysis in the published literature are reviewed. There is an ongoing need for basic, translational, and clinical research in optimizing care of female athletes and active women of all ages. The importance of the newly established Journal of Women’s Sports Medicine in fulfilling that need is discussed.
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30

Huskey, Kristine A. "Torture and State Violence in the United States: A Short Documentary History." Torture Journal 24, no. 1 (2018): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/torture.v24i1.109721.

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Given recent revelations confirming the involvement of high-level U.S. government officials in establishing and implementing the torture and abuse of detainees, Robert M. Pallitto’s book on U.S. torture and state violence is a must read.
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Manning, Peter K., and H. Kenneth Bechtel. "State Police in the United States: A Socio-Historical Analysis." Social Forces 77, no. 1 (1998): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3006041.

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32

Weber, Joe. "The morphogenesis of state highway networks in the United States." Journal of Historical Geography 31, no. 4 (2005): 723–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2004.11.001.

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33

Schneirov, Richard, and Gerald Friedman. "State-Making and Labor Movements: France and the United States, 1876-1914." Journal of American History 86, no. 4 (2000): 1811. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2567665.

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34

Haines, Michael R. "A State and Local Consumer Price Index for the United States in 1890." Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 22, no. 3 (1989): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01615440.1989.10594183.

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35

Trunkey, Donald D. "History and Development of Trauma Care in the United States." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 374 (May 2000): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003086-200005000-00005.

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36

Martin, Guy. "Dream of Unity: From the United States of Africa to the Federation of African States." African and Asian Studies 12, no. 3 (2013): 169–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341261.

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Abstract The Pan-Africanists leaders’ dream of unity was deferred in favor of the gradualist/functionalist perspective embodied in a weak and loosely-structured Organization of African Unity (OAU) created on 25 May 1963 in Addis Ababa (Ethiopia). This article analyses the reasons for this failure, namely: the reluctance of newly-independent African leaders to abandon their newly-won sovereignty in favor of a broader political unity; suspicion on the part of many African leaders that Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana intended to become the super-president of a united Africa; and divide and rule strategies
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37

Berry, Robert B., Francis Neric, and Gregory B. Dwyer. "The State of Clinical Exercise Physiology in the United States." Journal of Clinical Exercise Physiology 9, no. 4 (2020): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31189/2165-7629-9.4.148.

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ABSTRACT The current state of the profession of clinical exercise physiology in the United States is that of evolution. Individuals now identified as clinical exercise physiologists (CEPs) first emerged in health care in the nascent cardiac rehabilitation programs in the late 1960s and have remained strongly identified in that role ever since. However, the profession has had difficulty expanding into other similar areas, largely due to the lack of standardized academic preparation. This contributes to uncertainty and confusion among other health care providers regarding appropriate roles and r
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38

Dzuback, Mary Ann. "Women Scholars, Social Science Expertise, and the State in the United States." Women's History Review 18, no. 1 (2009): 71–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09612020802608140.

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39

Haydu, Jeffrey, and Gerald Friedman. "State-Making and Labor Movements: France and the United States, 1876-1914." American Historical Review 105, no. 1 (2000): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2652458.

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Halstead, Lauro S. "A Brief History of Postpolio Syndrome in the United States." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 92, no. 8 (2011): 1344–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2011.03.002.

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41

Naimark, Norman, and Timothy Snyder. "East European History: The “State of the Field”." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 25, no. 4 (2011): 759–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325411401381.

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What is east European about east European history, and what is historical about east European studies? Some twenty historians from the United States and Canada gathered at the History Department at Stanford to discuss the present, past, and, most importantly, the future of the east European field, broadly defined.
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42

Hutchinson, Douglas T., Ajinkya A. Rane, and Anthony Montanez. "The Natural History of Pediatric Trigger Thumb in the United States." Journal of Hand Surgery 46, no. 5 (2021): 424.e1–424.e7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2020.10.016.

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43

Wiggins, David K. "A Worthwhile Effort? History of Organized Youth Sport in the United States." Kinesiology Review 2, no. 1 (2013): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/krj.2.1.65.

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This essay examines the evolution of highly organized youth sports in the United States. Through an examination of both secondary and primary source material, an analysis is made of children's participation in sport from the turn of the twentieth century to the present day. Particular attention is paid to the types of sports programs established for children as well as the various discussions involving the supposed benefits and negative aspects of youth sports. Included is information on Progressive Reformers, youth sport programs outside of educational institutions, and guidelines, reports, a
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44

Beadie, Nancy. "Toward a History of Education Markets in the United States." Social Science History 32, no. 1 (2008): 47–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200013924.

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The recent shift away from the idea of centrally planned public systems and toward market-based models of schooling opens new territory for scholarship in the history of education. What is the history of education markets? How has the structure of education markets changed over time? This article addresses these questions by surveying existing literature, with an emphasis on the early national and antebellum periods. In the process it brings new perspectives to standard narratives of the history of education in the nineteenth century, particularly regarding the development of state-based educa
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45

Harris, Becky. "Federal Interference with State and Tribal Sports Betting Regulations Will Not Work: Where the Sports Wagering Integrity Act of 2018 Went Wrong and How Federal Legislation Might Be Effective." Journal of Legal Aspects of Sport 30, no. 2 (2020): 106–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/24253.

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On Monday, May 14, 2018, the Supreme Court of the United States struck a fatal blow to the federal Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act (PASPA) when it determined PASPA violated the Tenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. Prior to the PASPA repeal, Nevada had been the only state in the United States (US) authorized to offer a full complement of legal sports betting options. Because, Nevada’s race books and sports pools have had the ability to offer wagers on sports since 1947, those legal sports betting operations were “grandfathered” into PASPA when it was passed by Congr
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46

Freeman, Joshua B. "The Leading Labor Historian in the United States." International Labor and Working-Class History 82 (2012): 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547912000269.

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David Montgomery, the leading labor historian in the United States, died on December 2, 2011, at age eighty-four. His many articles and books, especially Beyond Equality: Labor and the Radical Republicans, 1862–1872; Workers' Control in America: Studies in the History of Work, Technology, and Labor Struggles; and The Fall of the House of Labor: The Workplace, the State, and American Labor Activism, 1865–1925, profoundly reshaped our understanding of the history of American workers.
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47

Vinovskis, Maris A. "History of Testing in the United States: PK–12 Education." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 683, no. 1 (2019): 22–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716219839682.

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This article provides a brief history of K–12 education testing in the United States from colonial America to the present. In early America, students were examined orally. After the mid-nineteenth century, written tests replaced oral presentations. In the late nineteenth century, graded schools gradually replaced the single-teacher, one-room schools. In the beginning of the twentieth century, standardized intelligence tests were increasingly used to categorize and promote students. State departments of education have played a larger role in local school funding and policies in the past hundred
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48

Nagle, Amanda, and Goleen Samari. "State-level structural sexism and cesarean sections in the United States." Social Science & Medicine 289 (November 2021): 114406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114406.

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49

Ericson, David F. "The United States Military, State Development, and Slavery in the Early Republic." Studies in American Political Development 31, no. 1 (2017): 130–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x17000049.

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The U.S. military was the principal agent of American state development in the seven decades between 1791 and 1861. It fought wars, removed Native Americans, built internal improvements, expedited frontier settlement, deterred slave revolts, returned fugitive slaves, and protected existing property relations. These activities promoted state development along multiple axes, increasing the administrative capacities, institutional autonomy, political legitimacy, governing authority, and coercive powers of the American state. Unfortunately, the American political development literature has largely
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50

Price, Daniel M. "United States v. Stuart." American Journal of International Law 83, no. 4 (1989): 918–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203382.

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In response to a request by Canadian tax authorities under the United States-Canada Double Taxation Convention (Convention), the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (IRS) issued summonses to obtain U.S. bank records concerning certain accounts of respondents, Canadian citizens whose Canadian tax liability was under investigation. Respondents sought to quash the summonses, arguing that because under 26 U.S.C. §7609(b) the IRS is prohibited by U.S. law from using its summons authority to obtain information about a U.S. taxpayer once a case is referred to the Justice Department for prosecution, and bec
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