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Journal articles on the topic 'Sports Biomechanics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 September 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Liu, Jun Qian. "Study on Knee Movement Mechanical Simulation in Basketball Shooting." Applied Mechanics and Materials 536-537 (April 2014): 1351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.536-537.1351.

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Application of sports biomechanics, sports biomechanics analyses of technical action shots, biomechanical characteristics obtained the basketball shooting skill and summarize the influencing factors of sports biomechanics shooting rate, especially for the shot before the body, lower limbs of each part of the action process were studied.

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Morriën, Floor, Matthew J. D. Taylor, and Florentina J. Hettinga. "Biomechanics in Paralympics: Implications for Performance." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 12, no. 5 (May 2017): 578–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0199.

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Purpose:To provide an overview of biomechanical studies in Paralympic research and their relevance for performance in Paralympic sports.Methods:The search terms paralympic biomechanics, paralympic sport performance, paralympic athlete performance, and paralympic athlete were entered into the electronic database PubMed.Results:Thirty-four studies were found. Biomechanical studies in Paralympics mainly contributed to performance enhancement by technical optimization (n = 32) and/or injury prevention (n = 6). In addition, biomechanics was found to be important in understanding activity limitation caused by various impairments, which is relevant for evidence-based classification in Paralympic sports (n = 6). Distinctions were made between biomechanical studies in sitting (41%), standing (38%), and swimming athletes (21%). In sitting athletes, mostly kinematics and kinetics in wheelchair propulsion were studied, mainly in athletes with spinal-cord injuries. In addition, kinetics and/or kinematics in wheelchair basketball, seated discus throwing, stationary shot-putting, hand-cycling, sit-skiing, and ice sledge hockey received attention. In standing sports, primarily kinematics of athletes with amputations performing jump sports and running and the optimization of prosthetic devices were investigated. No studies were reported on other standing sports. In swimming, mainly kick rate and resistance training were studied.Conclusions:Biomechanical research is important for performance by gaining insight into technical optimization, injury prevention, and evidence-based classification in Paralympic sports. In future studies it is advised to also include physiological and biomechanical measures, allowing the assessment of the capability of the human body, as well as the resulting movement.

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Tan, Ming A., Franz K. Fuss, and Dhanjoo Ghista. "Muscle Power Indexing for Sports Applications(Sports Biomechanics)." Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics 2004.1 (2004): 205–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeapbio.2004.1.205.

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4

Zhang, Bo. "Research on Biomechanical Simulation and Simulation of Badminton Splitting and Hanging Action Based on Edge Computing." Mobile Information Systems 2021 (April 27, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5527879.

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Sports biomechanics refers to the science of the laws of mechanical motion produced in the process of biological movement. Its essence is to systematically and digitally reconstruct the fundamental attributes and characteristics of motion. At present, the research of sports biomechanics mainly focuses on the theoretical research of basic aspects and lacks the new technology of sports biomechanics digital simulation innovation and data measurement. This article takes the badminton chopping action as the research object and carries out biomechanical simulation and simulation research with the help of edge computing and genetic algorithm. First of all, this paper constructs a badminton chopping and hanging action system framework based on edge computing, so as to facilitate simulation and improve data transmission efficiency. Secondly, genetic algorithm is used in biomechanics simulation and simulation optimization and data analysis process. System testing and simulation verify the excellent performance of the biomechanical simulation of badminton chopping and hanging action established in this paper. The research will provide a reference for the academic circles to explore the field of sports biomechanics.

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Fletcher, Jared R., Tessa Gallinger, and Francois Prince. "How Can Biomechanics Improve Physical Preparation and Performance in Paralympic Athletes? A Narrative Review." Sports 9, no. 7 (June 24, 2021): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports9070089.

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Recent research in Paralympic biomechanics has offered opportunities for coaches, athletes, and sports practitioners to optimize training and performance, and recent systematic reviews have served to summarize the state of the evidence connecting biomechanics to Paralympic performance. This narrative review serves to provide a comprehensive and critical evaluation of the evidence related to biomechanics and Paralympic performance published since 2016. The main themes within this review focus on sport-specific body posture: the standing, sitting, and horizontal positions of current summer Paralympic sports. For standing sports, sprint and jump mechanics were assessed in athletes with cerebral palsy and in lower-limb amputee athletes using running-specific prostheses. Our findings suggest that running and jumping-specific prostheses should be ‘tuned’ to each athlete depending on specific event demands to optimize performance. Standing sports were also inclusive to athletes with visual impairments. Sitting sports comprise of athletes performing on a bike, in a wheelchair (WC), or in a boat. WC configuration is deemed an important consideration for injury prevention, mobility, and performance. Other sitting sports like hand-cycling, rowing, and canoeing/kayaking should focus on specific sitting positions (e.g., arm-crank position, grip, or seat configuration) and ways to reduce aero/hydrodynamic drag. Para-swimming practitioners should consider athlete-specific impairments, including asymmetrical anthropometrics, on the swim-start and free-swim velocities, with special considerations for drag factors. Taken together, we provide practitioners working in Paralympic sport with specific considerations on disability and event-specific training modalities and equipment configurations to optimize performance from a biomechanical perspective.

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Smeathers, J. E., and V. Wright. "Biomechanics of Sports and Sports Injuries." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 207, no. 2 (June 1993): 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1993_207_272_02.

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This overview paper summarizes recent work on the biomechanics of sports activities, prevention and repair of sporting injuries with reports on the papers presented at the Eighteenth Annual Day Conference, held in Leeds on 8 January 1993, by the Bioengineering Group for the Study of Human Joints in association with the Biological Engineering Society.

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Papageorgiou, Konstantinos. "On Sports Biomechanics Methodology." Epistēmēs Metron Logos, no. 4 (July 21, 2020): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/eml.24289.

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Sports biomechanics is one of the most fascinating and formalised disciplines in sports science. While it uses a host of methods, on closer look, it lacks a thorough epistemological / methodological foundation besides what it implicitly borrows from the sciences it uses, such as mathematics and physics. Here, I shall attempt to portray what such a basic epistemological understanding would include and also try to address issues directly related to such an approach. I shall start by describing the most general context in which sports biomechanics exist and then, I will attempt to provide a structural context to bridge the gap between sports biomechanics and practice. Concluding with some ideas about the future of biomechanics.

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8

Bandeiras, Catia. "Technology in Sports Biomechanics." IEEE Potentials 38, no. 3 (May 2019): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mpot.2019.2897276.

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9

Greig, Matt. "Applications in Sports Biomechanics." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 36, Supplement (May 2004): S166???S167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200405001-00795.

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Hood, Simon, Thomas McBain, Matt Portas, and Iain Spears. "Measurement in Sports Biomechanics." Measurement and Control 45, no. 6 (July 2012): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002029401204500604.

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One of the major roles of a sports biomechanist or coach is to assess the movement patterns within sports performances. Movements can be analysed to enhance an individual's technique in terms of efficiency or to provide technical advantage. This paper aims to highlight the different measurement techniques available for the biomechanist to assess the movement characteristics of the technical and mechanical aspects of athletic performance.

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Greig, Matt. "Applications in Sports Biomechanics." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 36, Supplement (May 2004): S166—S167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200405001-00795.

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12

Hay, James G. "Issues in sports biomechanics." Journal of Biomechanics 18, no. 7 (January 1985): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(85)90671-2.

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Besier, Thor. "Keynote - Simulation in Sports Biomechanics." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 41 (May 2009): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000352941.96018.82.

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14

Curran, Sarah A., and Laurent Frossard. "Biomechanical analyses of the performance of Paralympians: from foundation to elite level." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 36, no. 3 (August 22, 2012): 380–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364612453257.

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A biomechanical analysis of sports performance provides an objective method of determining performance of a particular sporting technique. In particular, it aims to add to the understanding of the mechanisms influencing performance, characterization of athletes and provide insights into injury predisposition. While the performance in sport of able-bodied athletes is well recognized in the literature, less information and understanding are known on the complexity, constraints and demands placed on the body of an individual with a disability. This article provides a dialogue that outlines scientific issues of the performance analysis of multi-level athletes with a disability, including Paralympians. Four integrated themes are explored, the first of which focuses on how biomechanics can contribute to the understanding of sports performance in athletes with a disability and how it may be used as an evidence-based tool. This latter point questions the potential for a possible cultural shift led by the emergence of user-friendly instruments. The second theme briefly discusses the role of reliability of sports performance and addresses the debate of two-dimensional and three-dimensional analyses. The third theme addresses key biomechanical parameters and provides guidance to clinicians and coaches on the approaches adopted using the biomechanical/sports performance analysis for an athlete with a disability starting out, to the emerging and elite Paralympian. For completeness of this discourse, the final theme is based on the controversial issues on the role of assisted devices, and the inclusion of Paralympians into able-bodied sport. All combined, this dialogue highlights the intricate relationship between biomechanics and training of individuals with a disability. Furthermore, it illustrates the complexity of modern training of athletes, which can only lead to a better appreciation of the performances to be delivered in the London 2012 Paralympic Games. Clinical relevance Biomechanical analysis can play a fundamental role in optimizing the performance of an athlete with a disability. Clinicians should be aware and understand the mechanisms that may influence performance and have an appreciation of the factors that may predispose such athletes to injury.

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Hewett, Timothy E., and Nathaniel A. Bates. "Preventive Biomechanics: A Paradigm Shift With a Translational Approach to Injury Prevention." American Journal of Sports Medicine 45, no. 11 (February 15, 2017): 2654–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546516686080.

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Background: Preventive medicine techniques have alleviated billions of dollars’ worth of the economic burden in the medical care system through the implementation of vaccinations and screenings before the onset of disease symptoms. Knowledge of biomechanical tendencies has progressed rapidly over the past 20 years such that clinicians can identify, in healthy athletes, the underlying mechanisms that lead to catastrophic injuries such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures. As such, preventive medicine concepts can be applied to noncontact musculoskeletal injuries to reduce the economic burden of sports medicine treatments and enhance the long-term health of athletes. Purpose: To illustrate the practical medical benefits that could be gained from preventive biomechanics applied to the ACL as well as the need and feasibility for the broad implementation of these principles. Study Design: Literature review. Methods: The recent literature pertinent to the screening and prevention of musculoskeletal injuries was reviewed and compiled into a clinical commentary on the current state and applicability of preventive biomechanics. Results: Investigators have identified neuromuscular training protocols that screen for and correct the underlying biomechanical deficits that lead to ACL injuries. The literature shows that when athletes comply with these prescribed training protocols, the incidence of injuries is significantly reduced within that population. Such preventive biomechanics practices employ basic training methods that would be familiar to athletic coaches and have the potential to save billions of dollars in cost in sports medicine. Conclusion: The widespread implementation of preventive biomechanics concepts could profoundly affect the field of sports medicine with a minimum of initial investment.

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16

Zatsiorsky, Vladimir M., and Virginia L. Fortney. "Sport biomechanics 2000." Journal of Sports Sciences 11, no. 4 (August 1993): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640419308729997.

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Challis, J. H. "Biomechanics in Sport." British Journal of Sports Medicine 26, no. 1 (March 1, 1992): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.26.1.70.

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Avedesian, Jason M., Tracey Covassin, and Janet S. Dufek. "Landing Biomechanics in Adolescent Athletes With and Without a History of Sports-Related Concussion." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 36, no. 5 (October 1, 2020): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2020-0034.

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Recent evidence suggests previously concussed athletes are at greater risk for lower-extremity (LE) injuries than are controls. However, little is known regarding the influence of sports-related concussion (SRC) on landing biomechanics that may provide a mechanistic rationale for LE injury risk. The purpose of this investigation was to examine LE drop-landing biomechanics in adolescent athletes with and without a previous SRC history. Participants included 10 adolescent athletes with an SRC history and 11 controls from multiple sports. Three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic data associated with LE injury risk were analyzed across 5 trials for 30- and 60-cm landing heights. Multivariate analyses indicated group differences in landing patterns from the 30- (P = .041) and 60-cm (P = .015) landing heights. Follow-up analyses indicated that concussed adolescent athletes demonstrated significantly less ankle dorsiflexion and knee flexion versus controls when performing drop landings. Our findings suggest that previously concussed adolescent athletes complete drop-landing maneuvers with ankle and knee joint kinematic patterns that suggest greater risk for LE injury. While limitations such as sport variety and explicit LE injury history are present, the results of this study provide a possible biomechanical rationale for the association between SRC and LE injury risk.

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19

Werner, Sherry L., and Kevin D. Plancher. "BIOMECHANICS OF WRIST INJURIES IN SPORTS." Clinics in Sports Medicine 17, no. 3 (July 1998): 407–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0278-5919(05)70093-4.

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20

Häher, Thomas R., Michael O’Brien, Chistopher Kauffman, and Kenneth C. Liao. "Biomechanics of the Spine in Sports." Clinics in Sports Medicine 12, no. 3 (July 1993): 449–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0278-5919(20)30406-3.

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21

De Luigi, Arthur Jason, and Rory A. Cooper. "Adaptive Sports Technology and Biomechanics: Prosthetics." PM&R 6 (August 2014): S40—S57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2014.06.011.

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Cooper, Rory A., and Arthur Jason De Luigi. "Adaptive Sports Technology and Biomechanics: Wheelchairs." PM&R 6 (August 2014): S31—S39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2014.05.020.

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Loftice, Jeremy, Glenn S. Fleisig, Nigel Zheng, and James R. Andrews. "Biomechanics of the elbow in sports." Clinics in Sports Medicine 23, no. 4 (October 2004): 519–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2004.06.003.

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Kolt, Gregory S. "The use of biomechanics across sports science and sports medicine." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 17, no. 4 (July 2014): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2014.05.010.

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Guskiewicz, Kevin M., and Jason P. Mihalik. "Biomechanics of Sport Concussion." Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews 39, no. 1 (January 2011): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jes.0b013e318201f53e.

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26

Taha, Zahari, and Abdelhakim Deboucha. "Development of Synchronized Biomechanics Sensors Detection Software." Advanced Materials Research 706-708 (June 2013): 771–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.706-708.771.

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Biomechanics is a relatively new discipline where engineering and mechanics principles are applied to the understanding of biological organism. Biomechanics simply taking place to study the mechanics of tissues, joints, human movements, circulatory system and digestive tract. One of the most challenging applications of biomechanics is in the field of sports and sports medicine in which the prevention of sports injuries is highly required. To understand and to diagnosis tissues abnormalities, mechanics of neuromuscular control, mechanics of cardiovascular function, a synchronizing interface with multi biomechanics sensors is developed in this effort. The interface shows different data recorded from several sensors during a physical activity made by the subject. These synchronized and combined data will help the user to make a specific diagnosis of the subject health. Moreover, these data will give an insight understanding on the correlation between variety aspects of biomechanics.

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Zheng, Naiquan, and Steven W. Barrentine. "Biomechanics and Motion Analysis Applied to Sports." Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America 11, no. 2 (May 2000): 309–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1047-9651(18)30131-1.

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Fleisig, Glenn S., Jeremy Loftice, and James R. Andrews. "Elbow Biomechanics During Sports: 21st Century Research." Techniques in Orthopaedics 21, no. 4 (December 2006): 228–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.bto.0000252114.20634.ce.

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Forrester, Steph. "Sports Biomechanics: The Basics: Optimising Human Performance." Journal of Sports Sciences 26, no. 10 (July 17, 2008): 1115–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640410801956999.

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Hong, Hui Hui, and Liang Han. "Sports Biomechanical Research and Exploration on the Tennis Injuries." Applied Mechanics and Materials 494-495 (February 2014): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.494-495.301.

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Tennis is very popular, but the incorrect action produces sports injuries. The knowledge of sports biomechanics is used in sports injury research on tennis. Two mainly classical research methods on tennis sports biomechanics are theoretical research and experimental study. This paper introduces the technical features of two research methods, theoretical research is mainly based on the model. The experimental study is mainly based on three systems of the kinematics, dynamics and biological measurement. The differences among them are compared in order to provide the overall ideas for study on sports injury of tennis.

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Bartczyk, Mateusz, Andrzej Suchanowski, and Marta Woldańska-Okońska. "Relations Between Vibratory Stimulations and the Variability of Human motor Skills." Acta Balneologica 62, no. 2 (2020): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/abal202002110.

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Stimulation of vibratory stimuli is another measure in physiotherapeutic and sports training. Particularly the interest in research has significantly increased in the field of biomechanics and sports training. The basic subject of the research is the effects of stimulation with vibratory stimuli in relation to motor strength, coordination properties and mobility. The aim of the work is to discuss the parameters of stimulation and to review the biomechanical and physiological effects of using the whole body vibration on the human motor skills.

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Keogh, Justin W. L. "Paralympic sport: an emerging area for research and consultancy in sports biomechanics." Sports Biomechanics 10, no. 3 (September 2011): 234–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2011.592341.

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Seeley, Matthew K., Seong Jun Son, Hyunsoo Kim, and J. Ty Hopkins. "Biomechanics Differ for Individuals With Similar Self-Reported Characteristics of Patellofemoral Pain During a High-Demand Multiplanar Movement Task." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 30, no. 6 (August 1, 2021): 860–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2020-0220.

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Context: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is often categorized by researchers and clinicians using subjective self-reported PFP characteristics; however, this practice might mask important differences in movement biomechanics between PFP patients. Objective: To determine whether biomechanical differences exist during a high-demand multiplanar movement task for PFP patients with similar self-reported PFP characteristics but different quadriceps activation levels. Design: Cross-sectional design. Setting: Biomechanics laboratory. Participants: A total of 15 quadriceps deficient and 15 quadriceps functional (QF) PFP patients with similar self-reported PFP characteristics. Intervention: In total, 5 trials of a high-demand multiplanar land, cut, and jump movement task were performed. Main Outcome Measures: Biomechanics were compared at each percentile of the ground contact phase of the movement task (α = .05) between the quadriceps deficient and QF groups. Biomechanical variables included (1) whole-body center of mass, trunk, hip, knee, and ankle kinematics; (2) hip, knee, and ankle kinetics; and (3) ground reaction forces. Results: The QF patients exhibited increased ground reaction force, joint torque, and movement, relative to the quadriceps deficient patients. The QF patients exhibited: (1) up to 90, 60, and 35 N more vertical, posterior, and medial ground reaction force at various times of the ground contact phase; (2) up to 4° more knee flexion during ground contact and up to 4° more plantarflexion and hip extension during the latter parts of ground contact; and (3) up to 26, 21, and 48 N·m more plantarflexion, knee extension, and hip extension torque, respectively, at various times of ground contact. Conclusions: PFP patients with similar self-reported PFP characteristics exhibit different movement biomechanics, and these differences depend upon quadriceps activation levels. These differences are important because movement biomechanics affect injury risk and athletic performance. In addition, these biomechanical differences indicate that different therapeutic interventions may be needed for PFP patients with similar self-reported PFP characteristics.

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Montgomery, Melissa M., Amanda J. Tritsch, John R. Cone, Randy J. Schmitz, Robert A. Henson, and Sandra J. Shultz. "The Influence of Lower Extremity Lean Mass on Landing Biomechanics During Prolonged Exercise." Journal of Athletic Training 52, no. 8 (August 1, 2017): 738–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-52.5.03.

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Context: The extent to which lower extremity lean mass (LELM) relative to total body mass influences one's ability to maintain safe landing biomechanics during prolonged exercise when injury incidence increases is unknown. Objectives: To examine the influence of LELM on (1) pre-exercise lower extremity biomechanics and (2) changes in biomechanics during an intermittent exercise protocol (IEP) and (3) determine whether these relationships differ by sex. We hypothesized that less LELM would predict higher-risk baseline biomechanics and greater changes toward higher-risk biomechanics during the IEP. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Controlled laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 59 athletes (30 men: age = 20.3 ± 2.0 years, height = 1.79 ± 0.05 m, mass = 75.2 ± 7.2 kg; 29 women: age = 20.6 ± 2.3 years, height = 1.67 ± 0.08 m, mass = 61.8 ± 9.0 kg) participated. Intervention(s): Before completing an individualized 90-minute IEP designed to mimic a soccer match, participants underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry testing for LELM. Main Outcome Measure(s): Three-dimensional lower extremity biomechanics were measured during drop-jump landings before the IEP and every 15 minutes thereafter. A previously reported principal components analysis reduced 40 biomechanical variables to 11 factors. Hierarchical linear modeling analysis then determined the extent to which sex and LELM predicted the baseline score and the change in each factor over time. Results: Lower extremity lean mass did not influence baseline biomechanics or the changes over time. Sex influenced the biomechanical factor representing knee loading at baseline (P = .04) and the changes in the anterior cruciate ligament–loading factor over time (P = .03). The LELM had an additional influence only on women who possessed less LELM (P = .03 and .02, respectively). Conclusions: Lower extremity lean mass influenced knee loading during landing in women but not in men. The effect appeared to be stronger in women with less LELM. Continually decreasing knee loading over time may reflect a strategy chosen to avoid injury. A minimal threshold of LELM may be needed to safely perform landing maneuvers, especially during prolonged exercise when the injury risk increases.

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Jiang, Xinyan, Yang Song, Dong Sun, Ming Rong, Lijuan Mao, and Gusztav Fekete. "Sports Related Injury Mechanism on Ice Hockey Skills: A System Review." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 10, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 1149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2020.3011.

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As one of the official sports in the Winter Olympics Games, ice hockey is a competitive team activity combining changeable skating skills with agile hockey skills. The biomechanical studies of different skills used by ice hockey players are considered to be effective ways to improve performance and reduce injury risks. The purpose of this study was to conduct a review that elucidated the biomechanical research about those techniques. Englishlanguage literature searches of the electronic databases in Google Scholar, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect were performed from 1999 to June 2019, using the following key words: ‘Biomechanics’ AND ‘Ice hockey player’ OR ‘Ice hockey athlete.’ Of the 455 identified articles, 17 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Most of the studies were conducted by Canadians and it is consistent with the country’s dominant position in ice hockey competitions. Forward skating, skating start, and shooting were the most studied skills in order to optimize sports performance and reduce injury risks. Players with different levels or sex would exhibit different biomechanical characteristics during forward skating and skating start, and those characteristics may also alter with each stride. In addition, several factors, including the players and sticks’ characteristics, may be associated with the shot accuracy. While ice hockey is always considered as a high-risk sport, little biomechanical studies have been conducted to explore the injury mechanisms and preventions of specific ice hockey techniques. Future research on the biomechanical analysis of ice hockey players’ skills, especially the injuries during some specific ice hockey skills, is much needed.

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Donatelli, Robert, Donn Dimond, and Matt Holland. "Sport-Specific Biomechanics of Spinal Injuries in the Athlete (Throwing Athletes, Rotational Sports, and Contact-Collision Sports)." Clinics in Sports Medicine 31, no. 3 (July 2012): 381–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2012.03.003.

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King, Enda, Chris Richter, Katherine A. J. Daniels, Andy Franklyn-Miller, Eanna Falvey, Gregory D. Myer, Mark Jackson, Ray Moran, and Siobhan Strike. "Biomechanical but Not Strength or Performance Measures Differentiate Male Athletes Who Experience ACL Reinjury on Return to Level 1 Sports." American Journal of Sports Medicine 49, no. 4 (February 22, 2021): 918–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546520988018.

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Background: Performance measures such as strength, jump height/length, and change of direction (CoD) time during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rehabilitation have been used to determine readiness to return to play and identify those who may be at risk of rerupture. However, athletes may reach these criteria despite ongoing biomechanical deficits when performing these tests. Combining return-to-play criteria with an assessment of movement through 3-dimensional (3D) biomechanics in male field sports athletes to identify risk factors for ACL rerupture has not been explored previously. Purpose: To prospectively examine differences in strength, jump, and CoD performance and movement using 3D biomechanics in a cohort of male athletes playing level 1 sports (ie, multidirectional field sports that involve landing, pivoting, or CoD) between those who reinjured the reconstructed ACL (RI group) and those with no reinjury (NRI group) after 2 years of follow-up and to examine the ability of these differences to predict reinjury. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: After primary ACL reconstruction (ACLR), 1045 male athletes were recruited and underwent testing 9 months after surgery including isokinetic strength, jump, and CoD performance measures as well as patient-reported outcomes and 3D biomechanical analyses. Participants were followed up after 2 years regarding ACL reinjury status. Differences were determined between the RI and NRI groups in patient-reported outcomes, performance measures, and 3D biomechanics on the ACLR side and symmetry between limbs. The ability of these measures to predict ACL reinjury was determined through logistic regression. Results: No differences were identified in strength and performance measures on the ACLR side or in symmetry. Biomechanical analysis indicated differences on the ACLR side primarily in the sagittal plane for the double-leg drop jump (effect size, 0.59-0.64) and greater asymmetry primarily in the frontal plane during unplanned CoD (effect size, 0.61-0.69) in the RI group. While these biomechanical test results were different between groups, multivariate regression modeling demonstrated limited ability (area under the curve, 0.67 and 0.75, respectively) to prospectively predict ACL reinjury. Conclusion: Commonly reported return-to-play strength, jump, and timed CoD performance measures did not differ between the RI and NRI groups. Differences in movement based on biomechanical measures during double-leg drop jump and unplanned CoD were identified, although they had limited ability to predict reinjury. Targeting these variables during rehabilitation may reduce reinjury risk in male athletes returning to level 1 sports after ACLR. Registration: NCT02771548 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).

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Gerber, L. Derek, Evan V. Papa, and Eydie A. Kendall. "Biomechanical Differences in Knee Valgus Angles in Collegiate Female Athletes Participating in Different Sports." International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science 7, no. 2 (April 30, 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.7n.2p.8.

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Background: Dynamic knee valgum is a major risk factor in ligamentous injuries of the knee. Different sports have higher rates of knee ligament injury than others and females experience knee non-contact ligament injuries at higher rates than their male counterparts. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the lower extremity biomechanics of genu valgum in female collegiate athletes of various sports while performing a drop jump test. This information may provide those designing individualized prevention programs assistance in reducing risk of knee ligamentous injury during jumping tasks. Methods: Current members of Idaho State University’s women’s basketball, soccer, and softball teams were evaluated for this study. Thirty-seven athletes participated. Motion capture reflective markers were placed bilaterally on the lower extremities to allow for analysis of knee biomechanics during a double-leg drop jump test. The angles of knee valgum in the frontal plane were calculated and analyzed between sport groups. Results: Female athletes of different sports displayed statistically significant differences in knee angles for both right, and left knees. Post hoc analysis with a Bonferroni adjustment revealed that basketball players utilized a more valgus right knee angle compared to both soccer and softball players and a more varus left knee angle compared with softball players. Conclusions: Our study suggests that collegiate-level female basketball players have an increased risk of right leg non-contact knee ligament injury during jump landing maneuvers when compared to collegiate level softball and soccer players due to increased knee valgus movements during the drop jump test. Collegiate-level female basketball players may benefit from biomechanical exercise interventions designed to decrease right knee valgus moments in jumping and landing to decrease their risk of injury.

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Ojaghi, Reza. "MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOMECHANICS OF OSTEOPHYTE FORMATION IN ELBOW OSTEOARTHRITIS: A REVIEW." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 23, no. 02 (June 2020): 2030003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957720300033.

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Managing osteophyte in elbow osteoarthritis (OA) is not an easy task. In the review of the subject hereby, the molecular biology and biomechanics of osteophyte formation will be addressed in composite detail. A number of basic and clinical science research studies that have evaluated the importance and significant role of growth factors, cytokines production, receptors expression, proteoglycans, and alarmins secretion will be included. At the same time, it is notable that the osteophyte formation has not been thoroughly evaluated with respect to its biomechanics, stress and strain pattern on the joint, and its relation to growth plate and the differences that may exist between animal and human joints. Namely, a few studies have begun to look at this particular aspect of osteophyte formation, which does not cover the issue of the graded biomechanical response to the osteophyte formation. The findings of this study can conclude that biomechanical understanding of osteophyte formation has the potential to give a better solution for medical and surgical management of osteophyte formation in different joints and particularly in elbow joint. As such, the proper management of elbow OA with its significant osteophyte formation requires a comprehensive understanding of biology and biomechanics of osteophyte formation.

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Smith, R. Lane. "Biomechanics." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 427 (October 2004): S67—S68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.blo.0000144977.95901.7b.

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Noffal, Guillermo J., and Scott K. Lynn. "Biomechanics of Power in Sport." Strength and Conditioning Journal 34, no. 6 (December 2012): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0b013e31826f013e.

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Hewett, Timothy E., Kevin R. Ford, Yingying Y. Xu, Jane Khoury, and Gregory D. Myer. "Effectiveness of Neuromuscular Training Based on the Neuromuscular Risk Profile." American Journal of Sports Medicine 45, no. 9 (April 25, 2017): 2142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546517700128.

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Background: The effects of targeted neuromuscular training (TNMT) on movement biomechanics associated with the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are currently unknown. Purpose/Hypotheses: To determine the effectiveness of TNMT specifically designed to increase trunk control and hip strength. The hypotheses were that (1) TNMT would decrease biomechanical and neuromuscular factors related to an increased ACL injury risk and (2) TNMT would decrease these biomechanical and neuromuscular factors to a greater extent in athletes identified as being at a high risk for future ACL injuries. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Female athletes who participated in jumping, cutting, and pivoting sports underwent 3-dimensional biomechanical testing before the season and after completing TNMT. During testing, athletes performed 3 different types of tasks: (1) drop vertical jump, (2) single-leg drop, and (3) single-leg cross drop. Analysis of covariance was used to examine the treatment effects of TNMT designed to enhance core and hip strength on biomechanical and neuromuscular characteristics. Differences were also evaluated by risk profile. Differences were considered statistically significant at P < .05. Results: TNMT significantly increased hip external rotation moments and moment impulses, increased peak trunk flexion, and decreased peak trunk extension. Athletes with a high risk before the intervention (risk profile III) had a more significant treatment effect of TNMT than low-risk groups (risk profiles I and II). Conclusion: TNMT significantly improved proximal biomechanics, including increased hip external rotation moments and moment impulses, increased peak trunk flexion, and decreased peak trunk extension. TNMT that focuses exclusively on proximal leg and trunk risk factors is not, however, adequate to induce significant changes in frontal-plane knee loading. Biomechanical changes varied across the risk profile groups, with higher risk groups exhibiting greater improvements in their biomechanics.

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Avedesian, Jason M., Tracey Covassin, Shelby Baez, Jennifer Nash, Ed Nagelhout, and Janet S. Dufek. "Relationship Between Cognitive Performance and Lower Extremity Biomechanics: Implications for Sports-Related Concussion." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 232596712110322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259671211032246.

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Background: Collegiate athletes with prior sports-related concussion (SRC) are at increased risk for lower extremity (LE) injuries; however, the biomechanical and cognitive mechanisms underlying the SRC-LE injury relationship are not well understood. Purpose: To examine the association between cognitive performance and LE land-and-cut biomechanics among collegiate athletes with and without a history of SRC and to determine the association among multiple cognitive testing batteries in the same athlete cohort. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A cohort of 20 collegiate athletes with prior SRC (9 men, 11 women; mean ± standard deviation [SD] age, 20.5 ± 1.3 years; mean ± SD time since last SRC, 461 ± 263 days) and 20 matched controls (9 men, 11 women; mean ± SD age, 19.8 ± 1.3 years) completed land-and-cut tasks using the dominant and nondominant limbs. LE biomechanical variables and a functional visuomotor reaction time (FVMRT) were collected during each trial. Athletes also completed the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) and Senaptec Sensory Station assessments. Results: In the SRC cohort, Pearson correlation coefficients indicated slower FVMRT was moderately correlated with decreased dominant limb ( r = –0.512) and nondominant limb ( r = –0.500) knee flexion, while increased dominant limb knee abduction moment was moderately correlated with decreased ImPACT Visual Memory score ( r = –0.539) and slower ImPACT Reaction Time ( r = 0.515). Most computerized cognitive measures were not associated with FVMRT in either cohort ( P > .05). Conclusion: Decreased reaction time and working memory performance were moderately correlated with decreased sagittal plane knee motion and increased frontal plane knee loading in collegiate athletes with a history of SRC. The present findings suggest a potential unique relationship between cognitive performance and LE neuromuscular control in athletes with a history of SRC injury. Last, we determined that computerized measures of cognitive performance often utilized for SRC management are dissimilar to sport-specific cognitive processes. Clinical Relevance: Understanding the relationship between cognitive performance and LE biomechanics in athletes with prior SRC may inform future clinical management strategies. Future research should prospectively assess cognitive and biomechanical measures, along with LE injury incidence, to identify mechanisms underlying the SRC-LE injury relationship.

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Lee, Ki-Kwang. "Development of the Web-based Sports Biomechanics Class." Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics 12, no. 2 (August 30, 2002): 307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5103/kjsb.2002.12.2.307.

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King, D. "Head impact biomechanics: Comparison between sports and genders." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 21 (November 2018): S3—S4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2018.09.012.

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Yeadon, M. R., and J. H. Challis. "The future of performance‐related sports biomechanics research." Journal of Sports Sciences 12, no. 1 (February 1994): 3–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640419408732156.

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Knudson, Duane. "Significant and meaningful effects in sports biomechanics research." Sports Biomechanics 8, no. 1 (March 2009): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14763140802629966.

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Knudson, Duane. "Citation metrics of excellence in sports biomechanics research." Sports Biomechanics 18, no. 3 (November 13, 2017): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2017.1391328.

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Shorten, Martyn R. "Biomechanics of sports shoes, by Benno M. Nigg." Footwear Science 3, no. 2 (June 2011): 125–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2011.570794.

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Glazier, Paul S., and Sina Mehdizadeh. "Challenging Conventional Paradigms in Applied Sports Biomechanics Research." Sports Medicine 49, no. 2 (December 3, 2018): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-1030-1.

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