Journal articles: 'Sports for women'

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Dodds, W. N. "Sports Women." British Journal of Sports Medicine 22, no. 1 (March 1, 1988): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.22.1.15.

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ÇEVİKER, Abdulkerim, Celal TAŞKIRAN, Dila Şeyda TAŞDEMİR, Çisem ÜNLÜ, and Furkan ÇAMİÇİ. "Women and Sports from the Perspective of Islam." International Journal of Religion 5, no. 5 (April 21, 2024): 659–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.61707/8pyyc790.

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Women's participation in sport, which is an important part of human life, has been the subject of debate for centuries. In Islamic countries, the religious view of society influences women's participation in sport in different ways. In some Islamic countries today, women's participation in sport is encouraged, while in others it is restricted by various norms. Sports education and sports policies play an important role in attracting women to sports in Islamic countries. As part of our research, we examined the historical perspective of women's participation in sports in Islamic countries, the current status of women's sports, the role of Islamic faith in shaping women's participation in sports, and the potential of women's sports as a means of empowerment and social change. To summarise, Islam does not prohibit women's participation in sports, but only encourages them to participate in sports by covering themselves according to the religion and rules.

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Huang, Hsiu-Chin, Li-Wei Liu, Chia-Ming Chang, Huey-Hong Hsieh, and Hsin-Chi Lu. "The Effects of Locus of Control, Agents of Socialization and Sport Socialization Situations on the Sports Participation of Women in Taiwan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 10 (May 23, 2019): 1841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101841.

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Compared to men, the sports participation of women is lower, especially in the East. Not many studies have compared the impacts of locus of control, agents of socialization, and sport socialization situations on the sports participation of women. Hence, the purpose of this study is to explore the contributing factors which may promote the sports participation of women in Taiwan. To do this, 450 structured questionnaires were distributed to women in Chiayi, Taiwan, with an 89.3% return rate. The study found that internal locus of control, agents of socialization, and sport socialization situation had positive impacts on the sports participation of women. In line with these results, the study suggests the strengthening of the internal locus of control of women, making the best use of socialization agents, and improvement of sport socialization situations, in order to promote sports participation in women.

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Béki, Piroska, and Gábor Géczi. "Women on ice - gender equalization." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 11, no. 1-2 (June 30, 2017): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2017/1-2/17.

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In the last decades the women started to do sports which were originally masculine (Pfister, 1990). The parity led to the slow transformation of the old-school thinking about the traditional roles of sexes (Hall, 1996). The main questions of our investigation were whether the athletes’ thought of the figure skating and the ice hockey are different according to their sport or to the existing stereotypes in the Hungarian sport society. We used semi-structured interviews to gather opinions of two different gender type icy sports’ top women athletes (figure skating and ice hockey) to see their viewpoints about the gender equalization. We can verify Metheny (1965) findings, that the social acceptance or refusal of women in sports on the basis of traditional features is changing slightly. Research questions were: Are there differences in the childhood sport socialization processes of the representatives of the two sports? What was the motivation behind their choice of sports? Are there differences in the gender identities of female athletes? What is the athletes’ opinion on one another and the representatives of the other sport? Method was semi-structured in-depth interviews and the samples were the members of the Hungarian women ice hockey and figure skating national team. According to our results family and siblings were decisive in the childhood socialization process. Early age patterns do not seem to have much influence on the selection of sport. Although among water polo/ice hockey girls there were a few tomboys. Among the ice hockey team members there were girlish girls and boyish girls as well, but among the figure skaters there were no one who was boyish. No differences can be observed in their views on gender roles concerning for example employment or housework. JEL Code: Z29

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Aly, Ezzeldin R., and Kathryn Breese. "The Representation of Women in USA Sports, Sports Administrative, and Team Sports Leadership." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 5 (February 28, 2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n5p55.

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Woods (2016, p. 311) stated “For centuries, sports participated in assigning a limited role to women by excluding them from participation and resisting efforts to include them.” Women have had to struggle when it comes to sport leadership positions. Women are not usually found in higher level jobs in sport, but they tend to have positions in lower management or lower profile positions. This study is a compilation of research into how people within collegiate athletics in the United States feel about women’s employment status in the field. A pilot interview was created and administered to three women: an athletic director, an athlete, and a professor at Florida A &M University. A surveywas created and administered to 30 subjects that have careers in sport leadership positions. The questions were divided into five categories consisting of representation, coaching, equal pay, and team sports. The survey showed that there are mixed feelings in the profession. Two-thirds of the subjects thought that there was a lack of female leadership within team sports. A little over half of the subjects thought that men were more successful in the areas of leadership, coaching, equal pay, representation, and team sports. By identifying the issues that women are facing when heading into this profession, the researchers identified what actions need to take place in order to resolve the problems discovered. In turn, this would create more opportunities and more qualified female candidates for positions in sports administration and team sports leadership in the United States.

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Choi, Yun Seok. "Characterizing Sport Spectator Behavior in Women`s Sports." Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies 41 (August 31, 2010): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.51979/kssls.2010.08.41.97.

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Uccella, Stefano, Paolo Manzoni, Nicola Marconi, Carlotta Toscani, Sara Biasoli, Stefano Cianci, Massimo Franchi, et al. "Impact of Sport Activity and Physical Exercise on Obstetrical and Perineal Outcomes at Delivery: A Prospective Study." American Journal of Perinatology 36, S 02 (June 25, 2019): S83—S90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1691816.

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Objective This study was aimed to investigate the effects of physical activity on perineal outcomes at delivery according to the different levels and types of maternal physical activity before and during pregnancy. Study Design We prospectively evaluated the obstetrical and perineal outcomes of all consecutive women who delivered at the Del Ponte Hospital, in the period between July 2014 and September 2014. Women were divided into three groups according to the features of physical activity performed before pregnancy: group 1: “very sporty women,” group 2: “moderately sporty women,” and group 3: “inactive women.” A subanalysis of our data was performed based on the specific type of sport activity, on the degree of involvement of perineal muscles during physical activity, and on the continuation/discontinuation of this activity during pregnancy. Results A total of 135, 84, and 85 women were included in group 1, group 2, and group 3, respectively. The demographic characteristics were comparable among all the groups. Sport activity during pregnancy was more frequent in groups 1 and 2 (59.3 and 53.6%, respectively, vs. 29.4% in group 3; p = 0.003). No differences among groups were detected in terms of perineal outcomes. A lower rate of episiotomy/lacerations ≥ 2nd degree was found among women who practiced sports that specifically involved the perineal muscles and who continued this practice during pregnancy. Conclusion Perineal outcomes are not influenced by the intensity of sport activity performed before/during pregnancy. Continuous sports during pregnancy that specifically train the perineal muscles are associated with a lower rate of episiotomy and perineal lacerations ≥ 2nd degree.

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Strauss, Richard H. "Women in Sports." Physician and Sportsmedicine 20, no. 7 (July 1992): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00913847.1992.11947441.

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&NA;. "WOMEN IN SPORTS." Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 1, no. 1 (January 1991): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042752-199101000-00027.

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Perry, Jean L. "Women and Sports." Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance 57, no. 3 (March 1986): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07303084.1986.10606064.

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Banerjee, Dibyangana. "Women in sports." International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health 10, no. 4 (July 1, 2023): 25–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/kheljournal.2023.v10.i4a.3004.

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Koller, Dionne. "A More Just, Inclusive Future for Sports." Journal of Legal Aspects of Sport 31, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/25600.

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This issue of the Journal of Legal Aspects of Sport (JLAS) was dedicated to women in sports law, with a specific emphasis on inclusiveness and new ideas. For decades, the central focus of the law and policy directed to women and sports was Title IX enforcement and securing opportunities for participation. As we approach Title IX’s 50th anniversary, it is clear that the law has greatly expanded participation opportunities for women and powerfully altered the norms around women and sports. Nevertheless, much work remains. Women and girls still do not enjoy the full measure of equality that Title IX guarantees, and women’s sport at all levels still does not get the attention, resources, and respect that it should. The COVID-19 pandemic has only exacerbated this issue.

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Yarmolinets, L. G., and Zh A. Terpelets. "Gender component of sports discourse." Scientific bulletin of the Southern Institute of Management, no. 1 (May 23, 2020): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31775/2305-3100-2020-1-118-121.

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This article is devoted to the gender problem in sports discourse, which many researchers are concerned about, namely, the inequality in the representation of men and women in sports. The focus is on the aesthetic rather than athletic perception of a woman, as evidenced by language examples. To make sport more fair, it is necessary to change the gender language and rhetoric associated with sports.There is no conflict of interests.

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Staurowsky, Ellen J., and Jessica DiManno. "Young Women Talking Sports and Careers: A Glimpse at the Next Generation of Women in Sport Media." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 11, no. 1 (April 2002): 127–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.11.1.127.

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As the American public is confronted with a more established female sport presence at all levels, the potential for girls to consider a career in sport media has expanded exponentially. Girls growing up in the age of ‘GRRL Power’ envision themselves as professional basketball players, world champion soccer stars, women who run like the wind, and as sports broadcasters. However, the dawn of a new age has also brought with it increasing complexity with regard to the issues aspiring young women seeking careers in sport media encounter. The overall purpose of this study was to extend the frame of our understanding about gender, sport, and the media by documenting the experiences, concerns, and attitudes of undergraduate females who hope to pursue careers as sports journalists, sports broadcasters, and sport media professionals. Based on interviews with ten undergraduate women, the next generation of women in sport media are more than prepared to take on with confidence, assertiveness, and a great deal of solid professional training the challenges that await them. However, even as undergraduates, these women have had to deal with, and make sense, of sexual objectification and sexism in the workplace. The article concludes with recommendations for how to support young women in their quest to pursue careers in sport media.

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Kończak, Jarosław. "An image of a woman in a sports advertisement." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 12, no. 5 (May 23, 2022): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2022.12.05.016.

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Introduction. In 1987, sport was known in the literature as an area representing a traditional male power, strength and violence. In 2020, women's sport became recognized as the mainstream, which only confirmed similar conclusions made over the past years. One of the challenges in the area of sport over the next years was women’s sport activation and reaching them through sponsorship communication. This has been facilitated, inter alia, by the development of women's sport and its marketing potential. The study aims to present the image of a woman in marketing communication based on sports motives. The selected aspects subjected to analysis will help to define the role of women in advertising sports communication and verify the declarations of the companies that achieve their goals using this level of communication. Another aim is to investigate whether the belief in the feminization of sports fandom and involvement of women in the fan culture finds confirmation in advertising. Method. The author has analysed selected TV, cinema and internet advertising campaigns (audio-video format) containing sports accents. Communications of 1,270 films representing 254 brands was analysed. The analysis covered seven different areas: characters, image and product advertising, share of sports disciplines, sports accessories used, the woman’s attitude, an area of the sports involvement, and the values presented. Results. The analysis allowed to obtain an image of a woman being aware of her strength, who can derive great joy from sport. She believes that this is an important and popular area which has a beneficial effect on health and guarantees a shapely figure and great fun. She is a woman being aware of a number of values that come with sport, as she can see how much she benefits in the spiritual, physical and emotional dimensions. However, she feels her emotions much more often through the way to success and fighting for the position of a leader rather than cheerleading.

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Zani, Yulia, Eri Barlian, and Padli. "MEMPELAJARI PERAN SOSIAL WANITA DALAM OLAHRAGA DENGAN KONTROVERSI CITRA PATRIARKI DIMASYARAKAT." Journal Sport Science Indonesia 2, no. 2 (July 6, 2023): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jassi.2.2.128-138.

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Women are known as people who have to obey men so that the stigma in women's society as people who have to stay at home and take responsibility in it, in accordance with the existing stigma, people are starting to know sports and women have managed to get gold as proof that women are not weak. With his character, women in sports are not as thought. Until now, women have been considered to complement the zuforia of competitions, such as cheering and cheerleading, but so far many women have been able to show achievements. This research aims to find out the social role of women in sports with the patriarchal image controversy. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative using observation, interviews and literacy. Based on the results and discussion through women's sports, character in sports can be formed, as well as the values of cooperation, sportsmanship, honesty, responsibility. The conclusion in this research is that women are indispensable in sport by adopting an attitude of responsibility, fairness and sportsmanship. Keyword: sosial role of women, patriarchal image, sport

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Mathesen, Hilary, and Kay Flatten. "Newspaper Representation of Women Athletes in 1984 and 1994." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 5, no. 2 (October 1996): 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.5.2.65.

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This research was to assess changes in Great Britain (GB) in the percent coverage of women’s sports in six national and Sunday newspapers (Telegraph, Guardian, Independent, Express, Mail and Mirror) between 1984 and 1994. Measurements were taken of all sports articles on the front pages, editorial pages and sports pages for the period 1st-14th July in both years. Data were categorized into male only, female only and mixed articles per day, square centimetres per day and photos per day. There was a decrease in percentage coverage of women’s sport coverage (articles per day down 5.2%; cm2 per day down 5.2%; photos per day down 7.1%) while the overall coverage of sport increased. During the time period the portion of GB Olympians who were women increased by 7% and there was a 3% increase in proportion of sports participants in the general population who were women. An adjustment index is presented which uses population figures and sport participation figures to calculate the proportion of sport participants who are female. This index was used to assess fairness in reporting sport.

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Burnett, Cora. "Women, poverty and sport: A South African scenario." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 11, no. 1 (April 2002): 23–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.11.1.23.

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The voices of South African feminists and womanists are relatively absent from public debates concerning women’s participation and empowerment in sport. This paper represents a contribution to the gender discourse, drawing on feminist paradigms and reflecting on the marginality of South African women in society and in sport. The findings of two separate studies, undertaken in 1977 and 1999 respectively, are reported. The research focused on the assessment of the impact of the Sports Leaders Programme (as part of the South Africa-United Kingdom Sports Initiative) and the junior component of the sports development programme initiated by the Australian Sports Commission (Super Kidz). Data were collected by means of structured interviews from different stakeholders at macro- (national), meso- (community/institutional) and micro- (individual) levels. A representative sample for the Sports Leaders Programme included 17 co-ordinators and facilitators (at national and provincial levels) and nine sports leaders at community level. To obtain qualitative data concerning the Super Kidz Programme, two provinces were targeted for data collection. A quota sample of seven schools was selected as the experimental group (having introduced the programme) and five schools in close proximity acted as controls. One hundred and forty-four role-players at different levels of participation were interviewed. To obtain some triangulation of data, 110 role-players also participated in focus groups. The data reflecting the position and involvement of women in these programmes were analysed. Against the reality of the majority of women living in conditions of chronic poverty, exposed to patriarchy, being ideologically stereotyped and structurally marginalized, they were, to a large extent absent, and their efforts unrecognised in the institutionalised domain of sport. It was concluded that sport is a severely gendered domain in which male hegemony is acted out and perpetuated whereas women in impoverished communities view access to sport as peripheral in their everyday struggle for material survival. National agencies should therefore not rely on female volunteers to facilitate sports development in impoverished communities but to strategize differently while also redressing ideological and structural gender inequalities in the wider social context.

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Fields, Sarah K., and R. Dawn Comstock. "Why American Women Play Rugby." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 17, no. 2 (October 2008): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.17.2.8.

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Rugby, a fast-paced, aggressive contact sport, has a high incidence of injury. This study examines why US women play rugby given the social stigma surrounding women’s participation in sports in general, particularly contact sports, and despite the high risk of injury. In a survey of their injury history and potential injury risk factors, 339 female rugby players from 14 teams of varied quality and levels of play from a wide geographic area in the United States were asked why they played the sport. Their responses indicate that women play rugby because they enjoy the game, they like the aggressive aspects of the sport, they appreciate the social aspects of the game, and they believe the sport provides them with positive benefits, such as increased fitness, confidence, and strength. The results of this study indicate that many women are willing to risk injury for the positive rewards that they associate with rugby.

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Sherwood, Merryn. "Citizen journalists, sports fans or advocates? The motivations of female independent sports media producers in Australia." Australian Journalism Review 41, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ajr_00005_1.

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Australia’s major sporting codes proudly promote the fact that almost 40 per cent of their fans are women, however, this gender balance is not reflected in the composition of the media workforce covering sport. Further, there is very little mainstream media coverage of women’s sport and female athletes in Australia. However, the advent of digital media and lower barriers of access into the media market have led to a proliferation of women creating independent sports media; that is, media produced outside newsrooms by individuals who are not professional journalists. These products, which mostly comprise websites and podcasts, focus on sport generally and women’s sport and female athletes more specifically. These products have regularly secured accreditation to cover events and interview talent, an indication they have been accepted into the sports media landscape, and have started to develop significant audiences. This study conducted in-depth qualitative interviews to explore who these women are, why they create digital sports media products and whether they believe they are practising journalism.

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RAKSHA K, BATHANI. "Astonishing Performance of Indian Women in Sports." Indian Journal of Applied Research 2, no. 2 (October 1, 2011): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/nov2012/13.

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Vachhani, Alkesh. "Astonishing Performance of Indian Women in Sports." Indian Journal of Applied Research 2, no. 2 (October 1, 2011): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/nov2012/49.

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Esmonde, Katelyn, Cheryl Cooky, and David L. Andrews. "“That’s Not the Only Reason I’m Watching the Game”: Women’s (Hetero)Sexual Desire and Sports Fandom." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 42, no. 6 (September 3, 2018): 498–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723518797041.

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Women make up increasingly large proportions of fan bases of the most popular spectator sports in the United States and are recognized as a viable marketing segment. Despite their growing cultural and economic presence, scholars have noted the stereotypical assumptions women sports fans routinely experience, particularly with regard to the widely held assumption that women’s interest in men’s sport is primarily motivated by heterosexual attraction to male athletes. Recently, feminist scholars have begun to investigate the role of heterosexual desire in shaping the experiences of women sports fans. Building on this literature, we examine the role of heterosexuality in women’s fandom of men’s sports, bringing to our research the feminist articulations of contradiction and a both/and ethos. In doing so, we empirically interrogate popular understandings of the role that women’s heterosexual sexual desire plays in the consumption of men’s sports through an examination of the lived experiences of women fans. Drawing on qualitative semistructured interviews with 11 self-identified women sports fans, we found that the participants navigated the marginalization of women’s heterosexuality in sport fandom in four ways: by positioning the sexualization of athletes as antithetical to fandom, by challenging the exclusion of women’s heterosexuality in the fan cultures surrounding men’s sports, by discussing their own experiences of sexualizing athletes with guilt or ambivalence, and by downplaying the role that sexual attraction plays in their own fandom. We conclude that the marginalization of women sports fans’ heterosexual desire within the institutional center of sports denies important facets of their experience and thereby upholds normative understandings of gendered sexuality that underpin masculine hegemony in sport.

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Ferreira, Aline B. "Barriers faced by women in sports journalism." RCMOS - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar O Saber 2, no. 1 (January 22, 2024): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.51473/rcmos.v2i1.304.

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It can be said that in the old day’s women lived according to their husbands, taking care of their homes and children, but gradually they were conquering space and showing their true skills. In this work we study about the barriers faced and the space today conquered by them. In this context, the general objective is to analyze the insertion of women in sports journalism in Brazil. And the specifi c objectives are to identify the new possibilities of journalism in Brazil; to investigate the process of women’s insertion in sport throughout history; describe the insertion of women in sports journalism; identify the position of women in sports journalism these days. As methodology, we used bibliographic research, searching in books, magazines, articles, and sites specialized in the subject the theoretical basis necessary for the study.

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Assunção, Bárbara Aline Ferreira. "Barriers faced by women in sports journalism." RCMOS - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar O Saber 2, no. 1 (January 22, 2024): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.51473/rcmos.v2i1.2022.243.

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It can be said that in the old day’s women lived according to their husbands, taking care of their homes and children, but gradually they were conquering space and showing their true skills. In this work we study about the barriers faced and the space today conquered by them. In this context, the general objective is to analyze the insertion of women in sports journalism in Brazil. And the specifi c objectives are to identify the new possibilities of journalism in Brazil; to investigate the process of women’s insertion in sport throughout history; describe the insertion of women in sports journalism; identify the position of women in sports journalism these days. As methodology, we used bibliographic research, searching in books, magazines, articles, and sites specialized in the subject the theoretical basis necessary for the study.

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Caño, Jose E., and Sara Márquez. "Field Dependence-Independence of Male and Female Spanish Athletes." Perceptual and Motor Skills 80, no. 3_suppl (June 1995): 1155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1995.80.3c.1155.

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We examined the field dependence-independence of Spanish athletes, 293 men and women (aged 18 to 23 years) active in individual and team sports, and nonathletes. Subjects were tested on the Group Embedded Figures Test. Analysis indicated that men active in team sports were more field-dependent than those non-involved in sports, and that team-sport women exhibited a higher field-dependence than individual-sport athletes or nonathletes of both sexes. Our data reflect a significant interaction between type of sport and sex.

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Lord, Thomas R., and Jill Garrison. "Comparing Spatial Abilities of Collegiate Athletes in Different Sports." Perceptual and Motor Skills 86, no. 3 (June 1998): 1016–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1998.86.3.1016.

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Researchers indicated that androgen enhances spatial ability in women but inhibits it in men. Since studies also indicate that athletes have higher than normal levels of androgen, whether spatial perception scores differed for men and women in different sports was examined. Spatial tests (visualization and orientation) were given to 150 men and 150 women collegiate athletes in different varsity sports. Analysis showed the women scored significantly higher than the men. In basketball, a sport common to both sexes, women did significantly better but this was not found in the other mixed-sex sports (baseball, swimming, and track).

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Esmonde, Katelyn, Cheryl Cooky, and David L. Andrews. "“It’s Supposed to be About the Love of the Game, not the Love of Aaron Rodgers’ Eyes”: Challenging the Exclusions of Women Sports Fans." Sociology of Sport Journal 32, no. 1 (March 2015): 22–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.2014-0072.

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Feminist sports scholars characterize sport as a masculine domain wherein the ideology of male superiority and dominance is structurally and symbolically perpetuated. Researchers similarly identify sports fan communities as exclusionary to women and sites for the reaffirmation of gendered hierarchies. The purpose of this project is to examine the gendered meanings of sports fandom. Using semistructured interviews with eleven women who identify as fans of sports at the institutional center, we find the narratives illustrate the complex ways women define themselves in to, or define themselves out of, dominant discourses of sports fandom. The third wave feminist sensibilities employed in our analysis, and in the narrative experiences of our participants, compel us to recognize and struggle with the seeming contradictions of women sports fans. By giving voice to women sports fans, we offer a feminist intervention into the exclusionary processes that marginalize women’s sports fans.

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BUDZISZ, ALEKSANDRA, and KRZYSZTOF SAS-NOWOSIELSKI. "Positive body image among Polish elite athletes." Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity Supplement 1, no. 13 (September 30, 2021): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.2021.suppl.1.02.

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Background: This study aimed to analyze factors differentiating body appreciation among Polish elite athletes. Material and Methods: Participants were athletes, both men and women (N=408), who completed questionnaire BAS-2. Results: In general, men had a better perception of their body than women (p<0.01). Higher appreciation of the body was visible among women sprinters, opposite to volleyball players (p <0.03). Indirect competition for women was connected to higher body appreciation (p<0.05). Gender and individual/team sport also significantly differentiated appreciation of the body (p<0.02). Furthermore, training frequency in a week differentiated body appreciation (p<0.03), as well as characteristic of sports performance [indoor sports, and higher in water sports (p<0.02)]. Conclusions: Results suggest that not only the common category of the sport type – aesthetic, technical, strength – differentiates the body image. Equally important for differences in body appreciation is also gender, sport discipline, and background of sport training: frequency per week, the character of competition (direct-indirect), individual/non-individual competition, or characteristic of sports performance.

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Chappell, R. "Sport in Developing Countries-Opportunities for Girls and Women." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 8, no. 2 (October 1999): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.8.2.1.

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Although there have been some scholarly investigations of sport in developing countries there has been very little research conducted on the problems of sports’ participation for girls and women. This paper consists of: 1) previous literature concerning the problems associated with defining and categorizing developing countries, and with the analyses of sports participation for girls and women. 2) a discussion of the problems encountered by women when attempting to participate in sport. 3) this section consists of a discussion of the information concerning assistance that is being given to developing countries in the field of sport, sports science and physical education. It is suggested that if advances are to be made in relation to womenís participation in sport, especially at international level, a major organization such as the International Olympic Committee needs to coordinate the efforts. It is additionally suggested that within each country there is a need for a specific organization whose task it would be to act as a voice to promote sport for girls and women.

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de Borja, Celina, Cindy J. Chang, Rhonda Watkins, and Carlin Senter. "Optimizing Health and Athletic Performance for Women." Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine 15, no. 1 (January 13, 2022): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12178-021-09735-2.

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Abstract Purpose of Review The exponential growth of women participating in competitive sports throughout the years was made possible through several initiatives by the International Olympic Committee and the passage and implementation of Title IX as a federal law in the United States. However, this positive trend towards gender equity in sports has not transpired for women in medicine, especially in fields that care for elite athletes. This current review will discuss specific areas that can be tailored to help female athletes prevent injuries and optimize their athletic performance. We will also highlight how increased female team physician representation in sports may help optimize care for female athletes. Recent Findings Female athletes are considered high risk for certain conditions such as ACL tears, patellofemoral pain syndrome, bone stress injuries, sport-related concussions, and sexual violence in sport. Addressing factors specific to female athletes has been found to be valuable in preventing injuries. Strength and conditioning can optimize athletic performance but remains underutilized among female athletes. Although diversity in healthcare workforce has been found to be beneficial for multiple reasons, women remain underrepresented in sports medicine. Increasing female team physician representation may positively impact care for female athletes. Summary Team physicians must understand the physiologic, biomechanical, and anatomic factors that are unique to female athletes in order to tailor injury prevention programs and optimize their athletic performance. Advocating for gender equity in sports medicine to advance representation of women in the field will increase workforce diversity and promote excellence in sports medicine care.

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Ishak, Mega Maulidia, Dhia Al Uyun, and Lilik Wahyuni. "Female Athletes' Experiences Applying Basic Pencak Silat Skills in the Professional World." Journal La Sociale 5, no. 4 (June 26, 2024): 1167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journal-la-sociale.v5i4.1314.

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Pencak silat is classified as a type of hard sport and if a woman decides to learn pencak silat it is considered taboo or inappropriate. However, the phenomenon found by researchers in the field is that there are female athletes who dare to break away from society's construction of women who are involved in pencak silat accompanied by the contribution of female athletes in achievements in sporting events, especially in the martial arts sport of pencak silat. This shows that women tend not to be weak. Based on the initial explanation that has been put forward, the author is interested in exploring this research which focuses on the experiences of female athletes. This research was carried out in the form of experience in using basic pencak silat skills. This research is a descriptive qualitative literature and participatory research. Based on research results, gender equality is still a hot issue to be discussed throughout the world, various efforts have been made to improve gender equality in various fields, including sports. In the world of sports, men and women should have the same rights to participate, excel and pursue sports professionally, but there are still many people who consider that sport is a masculine activity, where it is identified with men's and women's activities, which they feel is lacking. suitable for being involved in the world of sports.

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Habermann, Ulla, and Laila Ottesen. "Omsorgskapital i idrætten." Dansk Sociologi 15, no. 2 (December 16, 2005): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v15i2.236.

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Ulla Habermann og Laila Ottesen: Care-capital in sports organisations During the 18th and 19th century, sport was invented by and for men. Although women’s participation in sport activities in Denmark has increased since then and approaches the level of men’s involvement, women’s presence on the executive and decision making bodies of sports organisations is still limited. In 2003, women filled only 1/3 of the decision-making positions in sports organisations. Women and men choose different sports and different ways of organising their activities; and too, the way women and men take part in voluntary work in sports organisations differs substantially. This is a general societal pattern: women’s participation in civil society takes a different path from men’s. Here women often undertake a caring role; and they are over-represented i n humanitarian, religious and social organisations. This article discusses how this traditional female role is seemingly repeated in sports organisations and some reasons for this. In doing this, the article emphasises the value of the idea of “care-capital“, understood as a crucial part of social capital in seeking an understanding of women’s role in sports organisations.

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INAL, H. Serap. "Women’s and Girls’ Sports in Turkey." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 20, no. 2 (October 2011): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.20.2.76.

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In Turkey, as a secular Muslim country, women have a modern, contemporary lifestyle but are also attached to their traditions and customs. Although sport in Turkey is being encouraged and supported by the state through The Directorate General of Youth and Sports (DGYS), the Turkish Football Federation, and sports clubs, the gap between the facilities and number of sports provided for male and female athletes can easily be seen. Women and girls are not receiving the same opportunities as men, which differ by region and according to the socioeconomic status and education level of the people. The families’ view of sports is also an important factor affecting girls’ sports. In the past two decades there has been an increase in participation among women and girls in elite and recreational sports, however this is not satisfactory.

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Levin, Susanna. "Women in Sports Medicine." Physician and Sportsmedicine 21, no. 2 (February 1993): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00913847.1993.11947563.

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Schmidt, Hans C. "Women, Sports, and Journalism." Communication & Sport 1, no. 3 (April 9, 2013): 246–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167479513485734.

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Sikes, Michelle. "Women in Sports History." Sport in History 33, no. 2 (June 2013): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17460263.2013.786228.

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ORGANISTA, NATALIA. "Still unnoticed. Women in Polish sports associations. Content analysis of Polish, international, and British formal rules of sports organizations." Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.09.1.09.

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From a critical paradigm point of view sport has been a sexist institution. Despite the women empowerment in sport they are still trivialized and marginalized. Research also shows that sport organizations may be exceptionally opposed to women, valuing hegemonic masculinity. Therefore, the aim of this article is to check whether gender inequalities occur in Polish sports organizations and what the scale of those inequalities is in comparison to international and British organizations. Content analysis was used to examine official documents of organizations. The sample consists of seventeen Polish, international and British sports organizations. The content analysis indicates that international and British organizations place more pressure on preventing discrimination by using appropriate provisions in the statutes, reserving places for women in committees or paying attention to the language used in documents. The findings revealed that Polish sports organizations do not implement the strategy to reduce the degree of discrimination due to gender. They remain blind to issues connected with gender.

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Kočí, Kateřina, Zbyněk Dubský, and Ilona Burgrová. "Sports Diplomacy and Gender: Equal Opportunities for Women in Czech Basketball." Politics in Central Europe 17, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 451–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pce-2021-0019.

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Abstract The article focuses on the role of equal opportunities and gender in the sports environment, examining their impacts on the creation and functioning of sports diplomacy. Subsequently, in the form of a case study it first concentrates on the Czech sports environment and women’s representation in international and national sports federations. In the final part, it examines the basketball environment and analyses its individual structures. Women are not sufficiently represented as coaches, referees or officials. Several main challenges are mentioned: the perception of sport as a predominantly male phenomenon, the overall society setting fixed on traditional perceptions of the role of women and men in the Czech Republic, a small number of suitable female sports models, the time-consuming character of the activities, gender stereotypes at work, the absence of suitable conditions for reconciling family and work life and the low self-confidence of female candidates. The article concludes that the Czech sports environment (including basketball) is markedly masculine, and women face a number of barriers, which in practice are reflected in the Czech Republic’s representation in international sport organisations and the way in which sports diplomacy is used as a foreign policy tool.

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Kawano, Takashi, Goro Moriki, Shinya Bono, Junya Masumoto, Nobuyuki Kaji, Hungu Jung, and Masahiro Yamasaki. "Effects of an Adapted Sports Intervention on Elderly Women in Need of Long-Term Care: A Pilot Study." Applied Sciences 12, no. 6 (March 18, 2022): 3097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12063097.

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This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an adapted sports intervention on elderly women in need of long-term care (NLTC). Although participation in sports activities positively impacts subjective health status, few studies have evaluated the safety, comfort, and effectiveness of competitive sports in elderly women in NLTC. In this study, ten elderly women in NLTC (age: 80.6 ± 8.2 years) were asked to participate in boccia, a sport adapted to prevent falls. Participants completed the Profile of Mood States 2nd Edition Short-Form and the Medical Outcome Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey Version 2. The results showed an improvement in mood states (anger–hostility, tension–anxiety, and total mood disturbance) of elderly women in the NLTC group compared with the control group. Therefore, boccia, an adapted sport, can be considered a safe and competitive option for such women.

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Wendt, Andrea, Luiza Isnardi Cardoso Ricardo, Caroline dos Santos Costa, Francine dos Santos Costa, Thaynã Ramos Flores, Rosália Garcia Neves, and Grégore Iven Mielke. "Motivation for participation in sports among Brazilian adults: National Household Sample Survey - 2015." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 26, suppl 2 (2021): 3535–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232021269.2.09272020.

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Abstract This article aims to describe the reasons for sport participation in the Brazilian adult population according to gender, age and schooling level. This is a cross-sectional study with data from a National Household Sample Survey - 2015. The reasons to practice or not practice sports in the previous year were obtained by questionnaire with predetermined answer options. All analyses were performed in Stata 12.1 and stratified by gender. The prevalence of sports participation for men and women were 31.7% and 16.9%, respectively. The most frequent reasons for sports participation among men were: having fun, quality of life and performance. Among women, the most frequent reasons were: quality of life, performance and medical recommendation. Regarding reasons for not practicing sports, the most reported ones were: lack of time (38.8% for men and 37.8% for women), not enjoying (34.8% for men and 35.3% for women) and health problem (20.3% for men and 17.9% for women). The study findings showed the most frequent reasons for sport participation in Brazil. Understanding these reasons and how they affect different age ranges and educational levels may contribute to improve strategic planning to promote sports in middle-income countries.

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Duncan, Margaret Carlisle, and Cynthia A. Hasbrook. "Denial of Power in Televised Women’s Sports." Sociology of Sport Journal 5, no. 1 (March 1988): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.5.1.1.

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Televised texts of women’s sports are examined using the hermeneutical method. This study begins with the observation that women’s participation in team sports and certain “male-appropriate” individual sports is significantly lower than men’s participation in these sports. More striking yet is the media’s (particularly television’s) virtual disregard of women in team sports and certain individual sports. On the basis of these observations, the authors frame their research question: Do these imbalances constitute a symbolic denial of power for women? To answer this question, the authors investigate televised depictions of basketball, surfing, and marathon running. In each sport, the television narratives and visuals of the women’s competition are contrasted with those of the men’s competition. These depictions reveal a profound ambivalence in the reporting of the women’s sports, something that is not present in the reporting of the men’s sports. This ambivalence consists of conflicting messages about female athletes; positive portrayals of sportswomen are combined with subtly negative suggestions that trivialize or undercut the women’s efforts. Such trivialization is a way of denying power to women. The authors conclude by asserting that sport and leisure educators have an ethical obligation to redress the imbalance of power in the sporting world.

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Béki, Piroska, and Beatrix Faragó. "Athlete’s life path in the perspective of gender athletes reporting opportunities in their sports after their sport carrier." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 14, no. 3-4 (December 31, 2020): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2020/2-3/7.

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Sport is the highlight of the male-female relationship system. We find that the concept of homogeneity is becoming more and more weakened, sport becomes unisex, which can strongly influence gender judgment in society. The "weaker sex" appearance and spread of the sport indicate that something has changed in the world, so thinking has to change also. Nowadays, there is a dual process in the field of sport: 1.) women appear in the traditionally masculine sports, and this plays an important role in the development of gender relations as mixed races arise; 2.) at the same time, men also appear in previously reserved areas for women, which they have not had opportunities so far (BÉKI, 2018). This phenomenon can be observed, though much slower in sports management. Yet in other sports roles, the gates for both sexes have not yet been opened in masculine and feminine sports. The study deals with how the status of an athlete will be transformed after sport if he/she wants to remain his or her sport in other sports roles - concentrating on coaching and judging roles – to represent his or her own sport. Particularly, we have been focusing on sports whose judgment is not socially acceptable to both sexes. The research sample is team and individual women athletes who are more than 14 years old. Research method is in-depth interview research (n = 145) and questionnaire research (n = 240). The results showed that female athletes are becoming more accepted in masculine sports, although more limited in their careers possibilities than men after an athlete’s life. Their athlete’s identity is strong, they want to stay in the sport on the civilian life as well.

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Seiler, Stephen. "Same Citius, Altius, Fortius … More Women, Crashes, and McTwists?" International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 9, no. 1 (January 2014): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0396.

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Almost half of the record 98 events being held at the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympic Games were either not held 20 years ago at Lillehammer or have been substantially modified. The Olympics as a global sports event are not stationary but must adapt and evolve in response to changing demands, just as the remarkable athletes who are competing do. While the Winter Olympics program has steadily grown since Chamonix in 1924, the rate of development has greatly accelerated in the last 20 years. Three factors seem to be instrumental. First, the Winter Olympics program has become more gender balanced. Female hockey teams are battling for gold, and this year women will compete in ski jumping for the first time. Most Winter Olympics sports have equal numbers of events for men and women today, although female participation still lags somewhat behind. Second, many traditional events have been modified by sport-governing bodies toward a more “TV friendly” format. Time-trial starts have been replaced by mass or group starts. “Sprint” and team events have been added to spice up traditional sports like cross-country skiing and speed skating. Finally “extreme” sports like half-pipe and ski-cross have crossed over from the X Games to the Olympics, with some arguing that the Olympics need these popular sports more than the X Games sports need the Olympics. All of these changes create new research questions for sport scientists who are also willing to adapt and evolve.

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Khan, Md Mahfuzur Rahman. "Women and Sports: View from Stereotyping and Gender Differentials Perspectives." Journal of Sports and Physical Education Studies 1, no. 1 (February 13, 2021): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jspes.2021.1.1.1.

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Sports are viewed as manly demesne, and this generalization brings about men seeing more noteworthy capacity and appending more prominent significance to the sport than women. Society foresees that men and women ought to get, have confidence in, and satisfy explicit gender differentials and stereotyping that have been set up. At the point when sexual orientation standards are disregarded, it is basic for names to be offered, inquiries to be posed, and individuals to be mocked. While "customary" gender stereotyping has remained genuinely consistent in the course of recent hundreds of years, they have likewise been tested and defied by numerous women and women's activists. One explicit region in which customary gender differentials have been assessed and dissected is sports and proactive tasks. In any creating field, for instance, the one that began as "women in sport," key advancements can be followed through the development of the language utilized and the ideas created to communicate new understandings. The current investigation has been attempted to target evaluating the contribution of women in sports in various fields. From the quantity of variables that impact women in sports, gender differentials and stereotyping have been chosen for this investigation. This investigation has uncovered that when correlations were made with their male partners, women athletes have been similarly solid and were discovered to be similarly skilled, inventive, creative and capable.

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Shewokis, Trish. "Are We Winning Yet? How Women Are Changing Sport and Sports Are Changing Women." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 1, no. 1 (October 1992): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.1.1.115.

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V, Dr Saikumari, and Nandini A. "A Study on Indian Women Participating in Sports." International Journal of Research in Arts and Science 5, Special Issue (March 29, 2019): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/bp2019.1001/06.

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Jahangir, Shagufta, and Asma Manzoor. "Prevalence Of Sexual Harassment Among Sportswomen In Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 16, no. 1 (March 8, 2018): 201–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v16i1.123.

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Sexual harassment (SH) in sports is present in all over the world due to socially constructed values, myths and norms. Harassment is faced by large number of women in sports and it is present in all individual and team sports. The ratio is less in South Asian region as compared to western countries and it is also present in Pakistan. The objective of the research is to explore the social behaviors with the victimized sports women of SH in the Pakistani society. The researcher has used non-probability method in which purposive sampling method is used to collect data through interview schedule from 210 sports women residing in different places of Pakistan. Findings of the study highlights that sport women face SH. According to sports women they are harassed or abused by their male counterparts, i.e. which are their trainers, coaches and lower staff even during travelling for their sports seasons. The results of SH showed that women left sports due to the social norms of the society. Women hide such incidents due to the sake of self-respect, self-esteem and family honor. It is observed that women who faced SH usually attempt suicide to protect their honor. As a result, these women fear and hate men and they face psychological issues. This article aims to describe that SH is present in sports in Pakistan like other countries and females are aware about it, because usually in Pakistani society such cases are kept hidden. The importance of this study is to aware women about SH so that they can safeguard themselves.

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.R,, Ms Dheepiksha. "A STUDY ON THE EXAMINATION OF GENDER EQUITY AND FEMALE PARTICIPATION IN SPORTS." International Scientific Journal of Engineering and Management 03, no. 04 (April 23, 2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/isjem01672.

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The purpose of this paper is to explore the history that surrounds the issues of gender equity in sport, what actions have been taken to provide equal opportunity for women in sports, the current issues facing women in sports today, the research surrounding the issues pertaining to gender equity in sport, and also to discuss the findings and present recommendations for further research in this area.Undertake to close the gap in investment in women's sport and promote equal economic opportunities for women and girls. Promote women's equal participation and bias free representation in the media. Provide equal opportunities for girls in sports, physical activity and physical education.The main aim of this research is to know about the gender equity and female participation in sports.Empirical research is used for the purpose of the study.Convenient sampling method is used to collect the samples.Samples are collected based on the ease of access or availability.The sample size of this paper is 200. Statistics used in the research are clustered bar graphs.The information was collected from secondary sources like journals,articles,books and so on. Keywords: equal opportunity, women ,sports,gender equity ,physical education.

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Leppel, Karen. "The Impact of Sport and Non-Sport Activities on College Persistence of Freshmen." Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice 7, no. 3 (November 2005): 165–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/472u-ddeb-rtl0-m4cy.

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This study explored the relationship between participation in sport and non-sport activities and freshmen persistence in college. Three categories of persistence behavior were employed: (1) continuing at the same institution, (2) changing institutions, and (3) dropping out of college completely. For men and women, involvement in sports increased the probability of continuing at the same institution. For men, involvement in sports also increased the probability of changing institutions. For women, the opposite held. Men who were involved in non-sport activities were more likely to continue at the same institution, less likely to change institutions, and more likely to drop out of college completely. For women, the opposite held.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sports for women'

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