Academic literature on the topic 'Sports science : training'
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Journal articles on the topic "Sports science : training"
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Wu, Yong Cheng. "The Influence of Modern Science and Technology on Athletic Sport." Advanced Materials Research 271-273 (July 2011): 1045–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.271-273.1045.
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Modern science and technology is a "double-edged sword". On the one hand, it not only improved competitive sports continuously created new sport items, but also improved the training equipment and training environment, promoted the movement technology and changed the sport values. On the other hand, modern technologies also contributed to the alienation of technology, and weakened the physical fitness activities, and lead competitive sports into deformity errors, which made fair competition become empty, and generated a series of uncivilized unfair social problems. Therefore, we appeal of positive effect of modern technology. In the same time, confront and suppress its negative effects, to ensure that competitive sports may develop in healthy environment under the conditions of modern science and technology.
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Neary, J. Patrick. "Application of Near Infrared Spectroscopy to Exercise Sports Science." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 29, no. 4 (August 1, 2004): 488–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h04-032.
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Over the past 15 years the use of near infrared spectroscopy in exercise and sports science has increased exponentially. The majority of these studies have used this noninvasive technique to provide information related to tissue metabolism during acute exercise. This has been undertaken to determine its utility as a suitable tool to provide new insights into the heterogeneity and regulation of local tissue metabolism, both in cerebral and skeletal muscle tissue. In the accompanying articles in this symposium, issues related to the principles, techniques, limitations (Ferrari et al., 2004), and reliability and validity of NIRS in both cerebral and skeletal muscle tissue (Bhambhani, 2004), mostly during acute exercise, have been addressed and will not be discussed here. Instead, the present paper will focus specifically on the application of NIRS to exercise sports science, with an emphasis on how this technology has been applied to exercise training and sport, and how it can be used to design training programs for athletes. Key words: tissue de-oxygenation, hemoglobin volume, endurance training, resistance exercise, taper, applied physiology
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Whitehead, Sarah, Jonathon Weakley, Stuart Cormack, Helen Alfano, Jim Kerss, Mitch Mooney, and Ben Jones. "The Applied Sports Science and Medicine of Netball: A Systematic Scoping Review." Sports Medicine 51, no. 8 (June 4, 2021): 1715–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01461-6.
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Abstract Background Netball is the one of the most popular women’s sports in the world. Since gaining professional status in 2008 there has been a rapid growth in research in the applied sports science and medicine of the sport. A scoping review of the area would provide practitioners and researchers with an overview of the current scientific literature to support on-court performance, player welfare and reduce injury. Objective The primary objective was to identify the current research on the applied sports science and medicine of netball. Additionally, the article provides a brief summary of the research in each topic of sports science and medicine in netball and identifies gaps in the current research. Methods Systematic searches of PubMed, SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE and CINAHL were undertaken from earliest record to Dec 2020 and reference lists were manually searched. The PRISMA-ScR protocol was followed. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they investigated netball as a sport or the applied sport science and medicine of netball athletes. Results 962 studies were identified in the initial search, 150 of which met the inclusion criteria. Injury was the most highly investigated sport science and medicine topic (n = 45), followed by physical qualities (n = 37), match characteristics (n = 24), biomechanics (n = 15), psychology (n = 13), fatigue and recovery (n = 9), training load (n = 4) and nutrition (n = 3). A range of cohorts were used from school to elite and international standards. All cohorts were female netballers, except for one study. A rapid growth in studies over recent years was demonstrated with 65% of studies published in the last decade. There still remains gaps in the literature, with a low evidence base for nutrition, training load and fatigue and recovery. Conclusion This scoping review summarises the current evidence base and key findings that can be used in practice to enhance the applied sport science and medical support to netball athletes across a range of playing standards, and support the growth of the sport. It is evident that netball as a sport is still under-researched.
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Cai, Zhi Qiang. "Research on Applications of High-Tech New Materials in Sports Training." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 4236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.4236.
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With the more demanding requirements of sports training equipment, the applications of high-tech new materials are mainstreams of the new century sporting goods industry. In this paper, there is introduction of the application of new fibers in the field of sports training equipment and their applied advantages, and it plays an important part in improving achievements of sport. Modern sports training development is the essence of science and technology to guide the modern development of new material.The advantage of high-tech new materials, examples and status of application for sports instruments are discussed. As the high-tech new materials have a large number of excellent characteristics, design freedom can be large, which are widely used to improve the player performances with the unique charm in sports training. The high-tech new materials have become one of essential new materials for the development of modern sports training.
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Soronovych, Igor, Chenguang Mu, Di Huang, and Andrii Diachenko. "SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MODELING AS A FEATURE OF MANAGING THE FUNCTIONAL CAPABILITIES AMONG QUALIFIED DANCE ATHLETES." Sport Science and Human Health 5, no. 1 (2021): 149–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2664-2069.2021.111.
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Introduction. Current trends in the development of sports dance indicate the impact of modern knowledge of sports science on the system of improving the functional support of special performance of dancers. The lack of a systematic approach to the management of training loads significantly affects the formation of specific methodological approaches to improving the special performance of dancers, taking into account the specific characteristics of training inherent in sports that combine sports and art. The aim is to develop a systematic approach aimed at modeling the special functional training of dancers, taking into account the specific requirements of training in sport dances. Material and methods: analysis of special scientific and methodical literature. Theoretical research methods: analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, concretization, systematization. Results. The structure and algorithm of realization of modeling of special functional preparation in sports dance are developed: 1) Structural organization of the analysis directed on formation of the system approach to modeling of sports training. 2) Specific principles of forming a systematic approach to modeling the training of dancers. 3) Structural and logical scheme of modeling the functional readiness of dancers. 4) Characteristics of models of training of athletes-dancers. 5) Aids for modeling the readiness of athletes in sport dances. Conclusions. The system approach is developed on the basis of the model-target approach of realization of modeling as functions of management of special functional preparation of athlete-dancers. The formation of the structural components of the model-target approach requires taking into account the specific components of training and preparedness inherent in sports that combine sport and art. The structural and logical scheme of realization of the model-target approach provides the algorithm which purpose consists in formation of the software of special functional preparation in sports dance.
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Jiang, Fengqing, and Xiao Chen. "An Action Recognition Algorithm for Sprinters Using Machine Learning." Mobile Information Systems 2021 (May 19, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9919992.
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The advancements in modern science and technology have greatly promoted the progress of sports science. Advanced technological methods have been widely used in sports training, which have not only improved the scientific level of training but also promoted the continuous growth of sports technology and competition results. With the development of sports science and the gradual deepening of sport practices, the use of scientific training methods and monitoring approaches has improved the effect of sports training and athletes’ performance. This paper takes sprint as the research problem and constructs the image of sprinter’s action recognition based on machine learning. In view of the shortcomings of traditional dual-stream convolutional neural network for processing long-term video information, the time-segmented dual-stream network, based on sparse sampling, is used to better express the characteristics of long-term motion. First, the continuous video frame data is divided into multiple segments, and a short sequence of data containing user actions is formed by randomly sampling each segment of the video frame sequence. Next, it is applied to the dual-stream network for feature extraction. The optical flow image extraction involved in the dual-stream network is implemented by the system using the Lucas–Kanade algorithm. The system in this paper has been tested in actual scenarios, and the results show that the system design meets the expected requirements of the sprinters.
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Sun, Wei Min, Bin Gao, and Wei Shou Zhang. "Long Jump Technique Based on the Method of Mechanical Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 507 (April 2012): 208–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.507.208.
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It is the development characteristics of modern sports to use of modern science and technology such as computers and others. In a variety of sports science, the application of science and technology in modern sport based on the mechanical analysis play an important role in order to improve athletic performance and motor skills, as well as the optimization of sports equipment. Therefore, The analysis on mechanical optimal motion can provide the athletes the best sports attitude and sports skills, thereby improving athletes scientific training result.To provide scientific theoretical basis and promote the development of sports, this paper focused on the scientific mechanics analysis on long jump technique.
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Wu, Zheng Zhi, and Bin Wang. "Hybrid Learning Based Competitive Sports Training." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 4514–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.4514.
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Hybrid learning is a modern way for the education, fusing the traditional learning method in the classroom and the network based learning method. As the development of the multimedia and computer science, various advanced technologies are generalized to the education tasks. Hence, the hybrid learning would become as a popular method for the education. In this paper, specialized to the competitive training, we present the hybrid learning based competitive sports training. The key of the application of the computer technology and hybrid learning is presented as discuss, which would contribute to the development of the hybrid learning in the competitive training.
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Zubarev, S., G. Shul'gin, and A. Furaev. "The Content of the Discipline “Material and Technical Support of Physical Culture and Sports” in Accordance with the Requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard 3++ in the Direction of 49.03.04 “Sport”." Standards and Monitoring in Education 8, no. 2 (May 29, 2020): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1998-1740-2020-39-43.
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In the article authors propose the developed content of the discipline “Material and technical support of physical education and sports”. The application of the developed content will contribute to the development of knowledge and skills of bachelor’s degree students in sports, in accordance with the direction of training 49.03.04 “Sport”, recently approved by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, particularly, in the fi eld of maintenance and operation of sports buildings and facilities. The structure and content of the disciplines “Material and technical support of physical education and sports” are proposed in accordance with the competency-based requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard 3 ++ for the direction of training 49.03.04 “Sport”. Authors recommended labor functions and indicators of achievement, in accordance with the professional standards “Coach” and “Instructor-Methodist”.
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Ross, Michael. "Science of Bicycle Training." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 40, Supplement (May 2008): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000321397.83743.9e.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Sports science : training"
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Jones, Thomas. "Concurrent training : neuroendocrine and molecular mechanisms of strength and endurance training incompatibility." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2014. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/21604/.
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Combining strength and endurance training within the same regimen is aptly referred to as “concurrent training”. Research conducted over the previous 3 decades has indicated concurrent training can result in attenuated development of strength, power and hypertrophy when compared to strength training in isolation. Despite extensive research the mechanisms contributing to this so called “interference effect” are yet to be fully elucidated, as is the influence of manipulating acute training programme variables within a concurrent regimen. As such, the purposes of this thesis were to investigate and draw conclusions regarding underlying physiological mechanisms relating to the interference effect. Additionally, this thesis sought to examine the effects of manipulating programme variables, including frequency and sequencing of exercise within concurrent training regimens on strength related adaptation. The findings of this thesis indicate overall training volume and frequency of endurance training within a concurrent intervention influences the presence and magnitude of the inhibition of strength development. Concurrent training volumes of 3 d·wk-1 elicited muted strength development, whereas lower frequencies did not. Whilst interference was not attributable to neuromuscular factors, it was reported that cortisol was only elevated following higher training frequencies, indicating training stress and catabolism may contribute to interference. Additionally, the sequencing of strength and endurance training can influence endocrine and signalling responses associated with strength adaptation, and it appears strength prior to endurance elicits greater increases in growth associated signalling. The findings of this thesis indicate that overall training stress influences the presence and magnitude of interference experienced, and is reflected in catabolic endocrine responses. Additionally, strength prior to endurance training promotes more favourable anabolic signalling than vice versa, which over time may contribute to greater strength type adaptations.
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Reed, Jacob P. "Coach and Athlete Perceptions of an Athlete Monitoring and Strength and Conditioning Program." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2399.
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Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was to assess athlete perceptions of an athlete monitoring program throughout an academic year and coach perceptions throughout a competitive season. The secondary purpose was to develop a questionnaire designed to assess coach and athlete perceptions of the monitoring program. Methods: Athletes and coaches participating in the athlete monitoring program at East Tennessee State University’s (ETSU) Sport Performance Enhancement Consortium (SPEC) were invited to participate. Reliability for the coach and athlete questionnaires and principle components analysis (PCA) of the athlete questionnaire was completed after initial development of the questionnaire (11 questions for athletes and 20 for coaches) in the spring of 2013. To analyze changes throughout the academic year, 4 additional questionnaires were administered at the beginning and end of the fall 2013 and spring 2014 semesters. Results: Both athlete and coach questionnaires were considered reliable (athletes = 0.842, coaches = 0.919). PCA revealed a 3 component model (KMO = 0.798, Bartlett’s test of Sphericity = p < 0.001) with eigenvalues over one explaining 68.88% of total variance. Statistical differences between the pre and all other time points were noted for athlete’s perceptions of the SPEC programs influence on overall performance, skill, strength, speed, power, and understanding of the SPEC monitoring protocols. Coachs’ perceptions were statistically different from pre-to postseason only for skill. Conclusion: The questionnaire was shown reliable and can be considered for future use. The first component of the PCA revealed that perceptions of overall performance are influenced by perceptions of strength, skill, and power and agreement that testing data reflects performance, while the second showed that aerobic and anaerobic endurance as well as speed are all highly correlated and, finally, the third revealed that athletes’ understanding of the SPEC program monitoring increased with return of data. Overall, perceptions of the SPEC programs ability to influence the components assessed by the questionnaire were positive ranging from no different to much better for coaches and athletes. In conclusion, the SPEC athlete monitoring program seems to be a beneficial model for enhancing athletes’ and coaches’ perceptions of certain aspects of performance.
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Loucaides, George C. "Comparison of training intensities for optimal endurance running performance." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2010. http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/1920/.
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Introduction: A cluster of studies in the sport science literature employ interval training (alternating bouts of recovery and rest periods) interventions for the purpose of identifying optimal training intensities for endurance performance. There has been evidence to support the likelihood that among the most optimal training stimuli are two specific intensities: the velocity associated with the maximal rate of oxygen uptake (v 2max); and the intermediate velocity between v 2max and the velocity associated with the lactate threshold (vΔ50). It has not been shown to date, which of the two interval training intensities (v 2max or vΔ50) enhances performance and laboratory determined performance-related parameters the most, when applied in a complete yearly training cycle of endurance runners. Most studies have been too short to provide definitive answers. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to compare the interval training intensities v 2max and vΔ50 in a complete yearly training cycle so as to generate evidence as to which of the two impacts performance and performance-related parameters the most, with the goal of providing new knowledge in sport science. Methods: 32 out of the 45 male runners recruited initially completed the whole duration of the study (mean ± SD: body mass 72.0±8.0 kg, body height 175±6 cm, body fat 9.9±3.9 %, 2max 53.6±6.2 ml/kg.min, age 34±12 years). Subjects underwent a 20-week aerobic base of preparatory training (at an intensity equivalent to a rate of perceived exertion (RPE) of 10.4 to 11.0) and anaerobic threshold training (at an intensity equivalent to an RPE of 14.5 to 15.0). No high intensity training was included. At the end of the aerobic phase the runners underwent a pre-test phase for the determination of vΔ50, v 2max, 2max, vLT4 (speed associated with a lactate concentration of 4 mmol/L), ECR (Energy Cost of Running) and Tmax (maximum time at v 2max) in the laboratory and 1500-m and 5000-m time trial (TT) times on the track. The subjects were randomly assigned into one of two groups before entering the 16-week interval training intervention phase. The only difference between the two groups was the intensity of the interval training. Group A (n = 15) was trained at a heart rate associated with vΔ50 (mean RPE 16.8 to 17.0) and Group B (n = 17) was trained at a heart rate associated with v 2max (mean RPE 18.6 to 18.7). At the end of the interval training phase the subjects underwent the post-test phase involving the same tests as during pre-testing. A 2X2 (time VS. interval training intensity) mixed model analysis of variance was used to test for significant differences between and within groups and the level of significance was set at p< 0.05. Results: Group A improved significantly (mean difference and Confidence Interval (CI)) in 1500-m TT (10.1 s, CI 5.6 to 14.7 s), in 5000-m TT (22.9 s, CI 9.6 to 36.3 s), in vΔ50 (-0.4 km/h, CI -0.8 to -0.1 km/h), in Tmax (-71 s, CI -113 to -28 s) and vLT4 (-0.5 km/h, CI -0.8 to -0.1 km/h). Group B improved significantly (mean difference and CI) in 1500-m TT (11.7 s, CI 7.5 to 15.9 s), in 5000-m TT (29.0 s, CI 16.5 to 41.5 s), in vΔ50 (-0.4 km/h, CI -0.7 to -0.1 km/h), in v 2max (-0.4 km/h, -0.7 to -0.01 km/h) in Tmax (-78 s, CI -114 to -42 s) and in ECR (0.013 ml/m/kg, CI 0.005 to 0.021 ml/m/kg). Regression analyses showed that v 2max and vΔ50, individually, accounted for the highest degree of variance in 1500-m TT times (77% and 69%, respectively) and 5000-m TT times (79% and 78%, respectively). During multiple regression analyses v 2max was likely to be the most important predictor in the regression models predicting 1500-m TT times and vΔ50 was the most important predictor in the regression models predicting 5000-m TT times. Conclusions: The interval training intensities v 2max and vΔ50 were significant in leading to endurance performance improvement as well as to improvement in some associated physiological parameters. The novel findings were that, a) it was demonstrated that vΔ50 was significant in inducing improvements in the 1500-m TT, b) that both v 2max and vΔ50 may be the most important predictors of 1500-m and 5000-m performance in regression analyses and that, c) v 2max and vΔ50 may, with a high degree of probability, be the most important predictor of 1500-m and 5000-m times, respectively, during multiple regression analyses. The evidence seems to weigh towards v 2max to be a slightly more optimal training stimulus than vΔ50, which also constitutes an important training intensity. Considering injury potential, repetitive stress on the athletes and optimal training it may be that a combination may be sensible.
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Gee, Thomas. "Recovery of muscle function following strength training in rowers." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2012. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/8099/.
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Strength training using free weights is performed by athletes in many sports as a means of enhancing performance. However, there is a dearth of research investigating the acute impact of bouts of this form of strength training on muscle function, which closely mimics the athletes’ sport or event. High forces are produced during a rowing race and subsequently strength training forms an integral part of the overall training programme for rowers. However, there is little documented evidence regarding the strength and conditioning practices occurring in rowing. Therefore the aims of this thesis were to investigate and draw conclusions regarding the strength and conditioning practices occurring within British rowing and to evaluate the impact of typical bouts of strength training on muscle function in rowers. To investigate the strength and conditioning practices within British rowing a questionnaire was completed by 32 coaches and semi-structured interviews were undertaken with two coaches of elite rowers (study 1). Information from both sources indicated that rowers performed two to three strength training sessions per week, involving Olympic lifting and multi-joint free weight strength exercises, performed across multiple sets with low to moderate repetition ranges. Physical testing most commonly involved assessment of cardiovascular endurance, muscular power and strength. Twenty four hours of recovery were generally afforded between strength training and intensive rowing training while longer periods were permitted before rowing races (> 48 h). Prior to the intervention studies, the reproducibility of subsequently assessed measures was assessed using trained rowers (study 2). Typical error (%) was low for 2000 m mean power (2.4 %), and low to moderate for the assessments of strength and power (3.0-5.9 %). Measures of peak blood lactate (11.5 %), creatine kinase (21.0 %) and surface electromyography (11.1-44.8 %, across various sites) demonstrated greater variability similar to previous studies. For studies 3 and 4, trained rowers performed 250 m and 2000 m rowing tests respectively, alongside various measures of muscle function before and after an acute bout of free weight multi-joint strength training (ST). For both studies, increases in perceived muscle soreness and CK indicated that muscle damage was present after ST for 24-48 h. Maximal power generating ability was decreased in both studies as evidenced by decrements in the 250 m test, power strokes, and jump height. However, in study 4, 2000 m rowing time was unaffected, leading to the conclusion that the specific muscle function required for the power tests was affected through damage to type II muscle fibres. Findings from study 1 indicated that rowers commonly perform strength training three times per week; therefore study 5 investigated the impact of this weekly frequency of strength training on muscle function. Twenty four hours after three bouts of ST within a five day period, trained rowers experienced significant decreases in maximal voluntary contraction, jump height and power stroke tests as well as increases in CK and soreness; however as with study 4, 2000m performance was unaffected. Trends for decreases in peak lactate and anaerobic energy liberation (p < 0.10, Effect Size = 0.40-0.56) were present alongside significant increases in EMG at three sites during the post-ST 2000 m test. These findings suggest a decreased utilisation of the anaerobic capacity coupled with increased central motor drive suggesting a change in muscular recruitment patterns during the follow up 2000 m rowing test. It would appear that following extensive strength training, physiological processes were adapted during subsequent rowing exercise, to compensate for the loss in higher threshold muscle fibre function, in order to affect the same level of rowing performance achieved in the rested state. These findings might suggest that participants operated within a physiological reserve and/or that multiple-exercise-regulation-algorithms exist with which a similar exercise performance can be achieved.
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Alexanders, Jenny. "Physiotherapy goal setting in anterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation : an exploration of training, practice and beliefs." Thesis, University of Hull, 2018. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:16888.
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Despite the growing interest into the role of physiotherapists providing psychological interventions within anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), literature surrounding goal setting practices within this field is minimal. The main purpose of this research was to explore physiotherapists' approaches, training and beliefs into goal setting practices used within ACL rehabilitation. The thesis consisted of seven chapters, two of which were empirical studies. The empirical chapters aimed to gain further insight into physiotherapists understanding on the psychological aspects of patients following ACL surgery, theoretical knowledge of goal setting, experiences of implementing goals, training received on goal setting and future training needs. Study four involved a UK cross sectional online survey of one hundred and twenty four physiotherapists (N=124). The survey provided an insight of perceptions and goal setting approaches used within ACL rehabilitation. These findings were further explored in study five which involved a UK semi-structured interview study including twenty four physiotherapists (N=24), using an inductive approach. Study five provided a much deeper understanding in to physiotherapist's goal setting practices, training and experiences within ACL rehabilitation and also revealed issues surrounding the initial consultation process. The research findings were conceptualised into a theoretical, innovative goal setting model. The goal of this model is to outline a multi-phase conceptual model of an appropriate ACL rehabilitation goal setting strategy for physiotherapists in an attempt to guide both practice, teaching and research.
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Wessel, Paige. "Accuracy of Commercial Fitness Trackers During High-Intensity Functional Training." TopSCHOLAR®, 2016. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1634.
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Commercially available fitness trackers have been found to accurately measure steps and caloric expenditure during walking and running activities. Circuit-style, highintensity functional training (HIFT) has become increasingly popular because it is inexpensive and effective in improving muscular strength and cardiovascular fitness. PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of five accelerometers (ActiGraph GT3X, Nike Fuelband, Fitbit One, Fitbit Charge HR, and Jawbone UP Move) in estimating energy expenditure while performing an acute bout of HIFT. METHODS: Participants (n = 47) underwent baseline testing and at least 48 hours later, each participant completed the main test: a 15-minute workout consisting of 12 repetitions each of 7 different exercises; performed circuit-style by completing as many rounds as possible. During the main test, each participant wore the Cosmed K4b2 portable metabolic analyzer (PMA) and five different accelerometers. RESULTS: Four of the five fitness trackers reported lower (p <0.01) total caloric expenditure values compared to the PMA during the acute bout of HIFT. The waist-mounted device (ActiGraph, 182.55 ± 37.93 kcals) most closely mimicked caloric expenditure compared to the PMA (Cosmed, 144.99 ± 37.13 kcals) as indicated by an insignificant p value (0.056). Systematic differences between the activity monitors were calculated using an Intraclass Correlation (ICC) with an ICC = -0.032. The ICC of F (46,235) = 0.812 (p = 0.799) was not significant at the predetermined 0.05
alpha level. A Repeated Measures ANOVA showed that when compared to the Cosmed, all activity monitors were significantly different at the 0.05 alpha level. The Fitbit One and the Fitbit Charge HR were the only two activity monitors that are not significantly different from one another (p = 0.985). The range of error based on mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) was lowest for the ActiGraph (15.1%) and highest for the Fitbit Charge HR (22.1%). CONCLUSION: The wrist- and hip-mounted fitness trackers do not accurately assess energy expenditure during HIFT exercise. Supported by: WKU Graduate School, NIGMS 2P20 GM103436-14; Institutional Development Award (IDeA) from National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 5P20GM103436 and the WKU RCAP Grant 14-8007.
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Bray, James William. "Quantification of training load, neuromuscular fatigue, biochemical and endocrine responses to fast bowling in cricket." Thesis, University of Hull, 2017. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:16447.
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Recent professionalization, the emergence of, and ever-increasing popularity of limited overs cricket, have resulted in traditional playing schedules evolving and expanding. Consequently, players now compete for much of the year, experiencing periods of condensed fixtures. To meet these increased demands, the aforementioned contribute to effecting team performance and player health. Thus, the prevalence of injuries, especially amongst fast bowlers, has been shown and attributed to rises in competition workloads. Therefore, the main aim of this thesis was to explore the application of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) to quantify the training load of fast bowlers. Furthermore, I sought to assess relationships between both internal and external training load variables and proposed markers of fatigue and recovery. The first preliminary descriptive research study (Chapter 4) aimed to prospectively quantify fast bowling workloads during a typical season of professional domestic county cricket (April – September). Data were collected from fixture scorebooks, with descriptive bowling workloads determined by calculating frequencies of overs and deliveries bowled. This was further calculated dependant on both bowler classification (opening [O-B; n = 2] or support [S-B; n = 6]) and competition format (multiday [MD], One-day [OD] or Twenty20 [T20]), respectively. Significant differences were found in total number of overs (296.1 overs; 95% CI 37.8 to 554.4; P = 0.03) and deliveries (1764.8 balls; 95% CI 183.0 to 3346.7; P = 0.03) bowled between O-B and S-B, respectively. Multiday cricket was the only format where, significant differences between bowlers were found; total number of overs (289.9 overs; 95% CI 88.2 to 491.6; P = 0.01) and deliveries (1739.3 balls; 95% CI 529.3 to 2949.3; P = 0.01) bowled. The aim of experimental study one (Chapter 5) was to assess the between-match and within-match between-over variability of external training load measures during T20 cricket competition. MEMS data were collected from eight fast bowlers in 17 matches of domestic T20 competition, spanning two seasons. MEMS variables were categorised into total distance (TD), low- (≤ 14.4 km.h-1) and high- (≥ 14.4 km.h-1) speed running distance, total sprint distance (≥18 km.h-1), number of sprint efforts and PlayerLoadTM ([PL] arbitrary units; AU). Data were log-transformed to provide the coefficient of variation (CV; expressed as percentages). The between-match variability was greatest in high-speed running distance (32.9% CV), total sprint distance (49.0% CV) and number of sprint efforts (48.0% CV). Similarly, within-match between-over high-speed running distance (12.8% CV), total sprint distance (17.1% CV) and number of sprint efforts (12.3% CV) elicited the greatest variability, yet, this was markedly reduced compared to between-match observations. However, TD and PL were found to be relatively stable measures of external training load (range; 5.5–13.3% CV), both between-match and within-match between-over. Experimental study two (Chapter 6) investigated short-term neuromuscular fatigue (NMF) of fast bowlers and relationships to match performance during a typical season of professional academy OD limited overs cricket. Baseline measures of lower body NMF were assessed via flight time (ms) from a countermovement jump (CMJ). These measures were repeated every morning of competition; NMF was additionally assessed within 30-min after the cessation of the bowling innings (CMJ-FIRST or CMJ-SECOND). MEMS data were collected from six fast bowlers, with supplementary descriptive fast bowling workloads classifications (LOW, MODERATE and HIGH). There were significant reductions in flight time pre to post bowling innings (Δ 19 ms; P = 0.008). Moreover, similar reductions in flight time were found in LOW – MODERATE (Δ 30 ms; P = 0.03) and LOW – HIGH bowling workload groups (Δ 43 ms; P = 0.003), respectively. Finally, experimental study three (Chapter 7) investigated neuromuscular, biochemical and endocrine markers of fatigue after four spells of simulated fast bowling. Eleven fast bowlers completed differing spells of simulated fast bowling based on the Cricket Australia-Australian Institute of Sport (CA-AIS) fast bowling skills test. NMF were assessed via flight-time from a CMJ; pre (-0.5-h) and post (+0.5 and +24-h) simulation, with blood (Creatine kinase; CK) and saliva (Cortisol; sCort) samples collected in parallel. During each simulated fast bowling trial (4-, 6-, RANDOM- & 10-overs), internal (heart rate exertion index [HREI]) and external (PL) training load was quantified using MEMS. There were small, significant reductions in CMJ flight time pre to post (Δ 21 ms; P < 0.01) and pre to 24-h post (Δ 8 ms; P = 0.001) simulation, respectively. Overs bowled appeared to significantly affect NMF for up to 24-h post simulation. Furthermore, changes in CK were found to best correlate with estimated TD (r = 0.48; P = 0.002) rating of perceived exertion (RPE r = 0.47; P = 0.002) session-RPE (r = 0.48; P = 0.002), HREI (r = 0.45; P = 0.003) and PL (r = 0.41; P = 0.009) 24-h post simulation, respectively. The findings of this thesis demonstrate that during limited overs cricket, high-speed locomotive activity is highly variable amongst fast bowlers. Furthermore, fast bowlers are shown to experience short-term NMF, which appears to be magnified based on descriptive fast bowling workload characteristics. Collectively, these findings have importance for practitioners, who seek to facilitate performance by informed training prescription based on replicating match and training demands.
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Swan, Justin. "Training load and athlete well-being in university female hockey players during a congested tournament." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78624.
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The monitoring of athlete workload is common practice within field-based team sports. Athlete monitoring is performed using both objective and subjective monitoring tools. Results from previous research investigating the relationships between measures of well-being and external workload in the form of match running performance, have been described as uncertain. A lack of research exists in quantifying the workload and well-being of student-athletes during congested periods of competition. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate and quantify the match running performance and well-being demands experienced, and understand the relationships between subjective and objective workload measures, in female student field hockey players during a congested period of competition.
The cohort investigated comprised 16 female student field hockey players (age: 20 ± 2 y) in a South African university team. The reporting of player well-being (fatigue, soreness, stress, energy levels, motivation, sleep quality, total well-being), and session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) was performed using a smartphone application before and after match-play on each of the five days of the tournament, and on Day 6. External workload variables during match play were recorded using global positioning system (GPS) wearable technology (Polar Electro Oy, Kempele City, Finland). Descriptive statistics, expressed as median and interquartile range (IQR), were calculated for all outcome variables for each day, and overall. To determine the strength and significance of the relationships between the three categories of variables (well-being, internal workload and external workload), Pearson correlation coefficients and Spearman rank order correlation coefficients were calculated.
Overall match running performance scores for the competition included total distance (TD): 4,545 (3,834 - 5,305) m; average work rate: 116.8 (104.0 - 123.1) m·min-1; high intensity (>16 km·h-1) running distance (HID): 383 (257 - 538) m; and average high-intensity work rate: 11.1 (5.8 - 14.9) m·min-1. Overall player total well-being, internal workload (sRPE x player match time) and match time for the competition were 15.0 (13.0 - 18.0) AU, 287 (214 – 355) AU and 39.1 (32.9 - 47.6) min, respectively. External workload demands were lower than those reported in previous literature on elite female field hockey players. Even though scores in well-being in the current study demonstrated trends of increasing (worsening) over the duration of the competition, changes observed were trivial to small and non-significant. Analysis showed inconsistent and non-significant relationships between pre-game well-being and same-day match external workload. Furthermore, several significant (p < 0.05) relationships were demonstrated between external workload on the preceding day to well-being subscales on the subsequent day.
Findings suggest that subscales (stress, fatigue, soreness) rather than total well-being score may be a more sensitive reflection of the workload experienced during congested tournaments. Furthermore, the current study supports the use of the sRPE-method of internal workload monitoring during field hockey match-play as a non-invasive and cost-effective means of reflecting player external workload. Prior to returning to sports training or academic commitments, due to the physical and psychosocial demands of such competitions, recovery should be prioritised within a student-athlete population.
Key words: Congested competition, external workload, field hockey, GPS, internal workload, team sport, well-being.Dissertation (MSc (Sports Science))--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Physiology
MSc (Sports Science)
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Kubukeli, Zuko N. "Training techniques to improve cycling performance in well-trained cyclists." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2756.
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Smith, J. "The role of haemodynamic stimulus in isometric exercise training : implications for cardiovascular adaptations." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2014. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/13758/.
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The purpose of this thesis was to explore the role of exercise induced blood flow haemodynamics in the cardiovascular adaptations associated with isometric exercise training, with focus on resting blood pressure adjustment in normotensive participants. Using a cross-sectional study, it was identified that significant relationships were present between (i) blood flow, (ii) shear stress, and (iii) shear pattern responses (measured in the femoral artery), during and immediately following isometric bilateral leg extension exercise of increasing intensity. Based on these findings, it was feasible to suggest that the haemodynamic response to high intensities of acute isometric exercise might provide a physiological challenge to the cardiovascular system, that upon repeated exposure via isometric exercise training, may induce cardiovascular adaptation and resting blood pressure reductions. Subsequent to this, a randomised controlled trial established that performing isometric exercise training to a ‘high haemodynamic stimulus’ did not induce significantly greater adaptation in resting blood pressure than when performing isometric exercise training to a ‘low haemodynamic stimulus’ or control. When the training group (high and low combined) were compared to the control, significant reductions in resting blood pressure were observed. Furthermore, non-invasive cardiovascular variables that were considered as possible physiological mechanisms for resting blood pressure adaptation following isometric exercise training did not correlate with within group resting blood pressure changes. Whilst these findings suggest that a haemodynamic challenge may not be the primary stimulus responsible for inducing resting blood pressure adaptation following isometric exercise training, these results do demonstrate the effectiveness of isometric exercise training for potential health gains via reductions in resting blood pressure in normotensives. Importantly, these findings have progressed the current understanding surrounding isometric exercise training induced resting blood pressure reductions and will allow future research to narrow their focus upon other physiological variables that may be the stimuli for blood pressure adaptation.
Books on the topic "Sports science : training"
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Ltd, Boulton-Hawker Films. Sports science video. Ipswich: Boulton-Hawker Films, 1993.
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Kraemer, William J., and Keijo Hkkinen, eds. Handbook of Sports Medicine and Science: Strength Training for Sport. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470698754.
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Filip, Mess, Haag Gerald, and Hanke Johannes, eds. Dictionary: Sport, physical education, sport science. 2nd ed. Berlin: Logos Verlag, 2012.
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Kurz, Thomas. Science of sports training: How to plan and control training for peak performance. Island Pond, VT, U.S.A: Stadion, 1991.
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Science of sports training: How to plan and control training for peak performance. 2nd ed. Island Pond, VT: Stadion, 2001.
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Pascoe, Elaine. Sports science: Molding superstar athletes. Woodbridge, Conn: Blackbirch Press, 1998.
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Robert, Gardner. Ace your sports science project: Great science fair ideas. Berkeley Heights, N.J: Enslow Publishers, 2009.
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Athletic development: The art & science of functional sports conditioning. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2007.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Sports science : training"
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Ronda, Lorena Torres, and Francesco Cuzzolin. "Strength Training for Basketball." In Basketball Sports Medicine and Science, 779–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-61070-1_61.
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Ariel, Gideon B. "Biofeedback and Biomechanics in Athletic Training." In Biofeedback and Sports Science, 107–45. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9465-6_4.
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Hunter, Martin, and Sylvain Curinier. "Training for canoeing." In Handbook of Sports Medicine and Science, 71–90. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119097198.ch6.
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Burkett, Brendan. "Contribution of sports science to performance: Swimming." In Training and Coaching the Paralympic Athlete, 199–215. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119045144.ch10.
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Sun, Hao, and Jim X. Chen. "Exploring Tactics in Team Sports Training." In Computer Science and its Applications, 141–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45402-2_21.
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Hecht, Suzanne S., and Elizabeth Arendt. "Training the Female Athlete." In Handbook of Sports Medicine and Science, 1–8. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118862254.ch1.
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Tiller, Nicholas B. "Training Programs and Products." In The Skeptic’s Guide to Sports Science, 132–51. New York: Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429446160-8.
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Kraemer, William J., Lydia K. Caldwell, and Emily C. Barnhart. "Developing a resistance training program for volleyball." In Handbook of Sports Medicine and Science, 38–48. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119227045.ch4.
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Pyne, David B., and Wayne M. Goldsmith. "Training and Testing of Competitive Swimmers." In Handbook of Sports Medicine and Science: Swimming, 128–43. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470698761.ch8.
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Day, David. "An 'Art and a Science': Eighteenth-Century Sports Training." In Sports and Physical Exercise in Early Modern Culture, 125–44. Surrey, UK England; Burlington, VT: Ashgate, [2015] |: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315610443-7.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Sports science : training"
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Fomin, D. A. "Improving sports training hurdlers." In TRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND EDUCATION. НИЦ «Л-Журнал», 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/lj-07-2018-22.
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Federici, Ario, Federico Zumbo, Francesco Lucertini, and Carlo Ferri Marini. "Proprioceptive training and sports performance." In Journal of Human Sport and Exercise - 2020 - Summer Conferences of Sports Science. Universidad de Alicante, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2020.15.proc4.17.
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Chuan, Hua Shi. "How to prevent sports injury in amateur sports training." In 2017 3rd International Conference on Economics, Social Science, Arts, Education and Management Engineering (ESSAEME 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/essaeme-17.2017.21.
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Mutaeva, I. Sh, I. G. Gerasimova, A. S. Seliverstov, and A. H. Gizatullina. "THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SPORTS TRAINING IN CYCLIC SPORTS." In Х Всероссийская научно-практическая конференция. Nizhnevartovsk State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/fks-2020/37.
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The article presents the results of the theoretical analysis of the main aspects of sports training in cyclic sports. To effectively solve the problem of training in cyclical sports, it is necessary to study the laws of the reaction of the body of athletes, including the processes of fatigue and recovery in response to the physical exertion of various directions. It is very important to individualize the training process, taking into account the functional state and reserve adaptive capabilities of the body. The authors identify such reasons that influence the development of cyclical sports as socio-economic and political transformations that are constantly taking place in Russia; demographic changes caused by the decline in the population of Russia due to the collapse of the Soviet Union; structural and organizational reasons that suggest the existence of an outdated system for training highly qualified athletes, the lack of modern centers and bases for Olympic training, an effective management system for Olympic training in General, and a targeted policy for training coaches and sports and medical personnel. The technological reasons that arose as a result of a sharp reduction in targeted research in all branches of sports science and an archaic mechanism for the development and implementation of effective innovative technologies are revealed. There is a significant lag in the medical and biological provision of training for Olympic athletes, etc. The analysis showed that the lag in the structural, organizational, and technological blocks of Olympic training is caused by a decrease in the effectiveness of scientific research.
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Shengfu, Li, and Wang Hanxi. "Research on Application of Core Strength Training in Sports Training." In 2015 International Conference on Social Science and Technology Education. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icsste-15.2015.57.
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LI, Guang-xue. "The impact study of large sports events on mass sports consciousness training." In 2013 Conference on Education Technology and Management Science. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icetms.2013.246.
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Cascone, Chiara, Genoveffa Rosa De Cesare, and Francesca D'Elia. "Physical education teacher training for disability." In Journal of Human Sport and Exercise - 2020 - Spring Conferences of Sports Science. Universidad de Alicante, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2020.15.proc3.16.
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Di Domenico, Felice, and Gaetano Raiola. "Effects of training fatigue on performance." In Journal of Human Sport and Exercise - 2021 - Autumn Conferences of Sports Science. Universidad de Alicante, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2021.16.proc2.63.
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Cesanelli, Leonardo, Giorgia Vici, Dalia Camilletti, Roberto Ceci, Luca Belli, and Valeria Polzonetti. "Impact of 24 weeks of strength training coupled to endurance training on endurance performance (HERO Dolomites 2019)." In Journal of Human Sport and Exercise - 2019 - Summer Conferences of Sports Science. Universidad de Alicante, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2019.14.proc5.56.
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Uspuriene, Aiste Barbora, and Matas Simanavičius. "Competencies of Health Educators for Sports Injury Prevention." In International Scientific and Practical Conference. TSNS Interaktiv Plus, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-541400.
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According to the analysis of literature, it can be stated in, that there is a lower risk of experiencing sports injury during training, working with such health educators who has higher education in sports science. It is also can be stated that there are few studies which would determine the education of health educators, the quality of training and sports injuries suffered by clients and their frequency during the conducted trainings (Waryasz, Daniels, Gil, Suric, & Eberson, 2016). Research aim – to determine competencies of health educators for sports injury prevention.