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Journal articles on the topic 'Sports Sports Masculinity'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Lucyk, Kelsey. "Don't Be Gay, Dude! How the Institution of Sport Reinforces Homophobeia." Constellations 2, no. 2 (2011): 66–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cons10495.

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Kelsey Lucyk analyzes how the media and the institution of sport have entrenched certain ideals about masculinity meanwhile reinforcing homophobic attitudes towards gender roles in sports. This article focusses primarily on analyzing Canadian sports and makes use of the concept of muscular Christianity to explain hegemonic masculinity as found in the Canadian institution of sport.

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Kidd, Bruce. "Sports and masculinity†." Sport in Society 16, no. 4 (2013): 553–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2013.785757.

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Organista, Natalia, and Zuzanna Mazur. "Guardians of the Hegemonic Structure of Sports? Women’s Sports as Perceived by Polish Female Sports Journalists." Przegląd Socjologii Jakościowej 16, no. 1 (2020): 48–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8069.16.1.04.

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The under-representation of media coverage of women’s sports has been a long-standing phenomenon, which can also be observed in Poland (Dziubiński, Organista and Mazur 2019; Jakubowska 2015; Kluczyńska 2011). One of the possible reasons for less information on women’s sports is a small number of female sports journalists. Due to the lack of Polish research on female sports journalists, the authors of this article aimed at analyzing their beliefs about women’s sports and the under-representation of media coverage of women’s sports in the Polish media. The analysis has shown that the female jour

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Csizma, Kathleen A., Arno F. Wittig, and K. Terry Schurr. "Sport Stereotypes and Gender." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 10, no. 1 (1988): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.10.1.62.

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Two samples were used to assess the sex linkage of a wide range of sports. One sample rated each of 68 sports (Matteo, 1984) on perceived acceptability and likelihood of participation for both females and males. The other judged the same 68 sports for masculinity-femininity and perceived complexity. Additionally, all 68 sports were compared to Metheny's (1965) physical activities criteria for perceived appropriateness for female participation. Results indicated that masculinity-femininity judgments were similar to those obtained by Matteo (1984) and that correlations of sex linkage of sport wi

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Kim, Kayoung, Michael Sagas, and Nefertiti A. Walker. "Replacing Athleticism With Sexuality: Athlete Models in Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issues." International Journal of Sport Communication 4, no. 2 (2011): 148–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.4.2.148.

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This study was intended to provide analysis of print-media portrayals of athletes in Sports Illustrated swimsuit issues from 1997 through 2009. Drawing on the theoretical framework from Connell’s concept of hegemonic masculinity (2005), the authors performed a content analysis of photographic images (N = 141) and associated captions in athlete-related content in Sports Illustrated swimsuit issues. Two major issues emerged from the content analysis: gender differences and sexualized images in athlete content. Findings of this study indicated that Sports Illustrated alternates athleticism with s

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Wiliński, Wojciech. "Parallelism of Olympic and Paralympic Sports in the light of gender stereotypes." Advances in Rehabilitation 25, no. 4 (2011): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rehab-2013-0015.

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Abstract Introduction: Gender stereotypes are socially-accepted beliefs pertaining to traits characteristic for women and men as well as activities which are universally considered appropriate for them. Sport is one of the areas subject to very strong gender stereotyping, which places itself primarily among masculine values. Referring to the social tendency for using gender stereotypes, the study is aimed at determining the level of parallelism of the Olympic and Paralympic movement, which while striving for integration (close relations), at the same time is weakened by prejudice associated wi

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Banner, Lois, and Laurel R. Davis. "The Swimsuit Issue and Sport: Hegemonic Masculinity in Sports Illustrated." Contemporary Sociology 27, no. 1 (1998): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2654734.

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Gee, Bridget L., and Sarah I. Leberman. "Sports Media Decision Making in France: How They Choose What We Get to See and Read." International Journal of Sport Communication 4, no. 3 (2011): 321–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.4.3.321.

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This qualitative exploratory case study redresses the deficit of sports media research in France by undertaking a study of those responsible for the production of sports media content. The central question was, What role do sports media producers play in perpetuating dominant ideologies in sport? Participants were experienced male and female sports content decision makers from major French national television and print media. Data were collected through 9 individual semistructured interviews. The findings highlight how sports are selected for coverage, why women’s sport receives less coverage,

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Béki, Piroska, and Andrea Gál. "Rhythmic Gymnastics vs. Boxing: Gender Stereotypes From the Two Poles of Female Sport." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 58, no. 1 (2013): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2013-0009.

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Abstract In recent decades, women have begun to take up types of physical activity traditionally considered masculine. They appeared in previously one-gender team sports such as football or water polo, and nowadays they are also involved in ice hockey, canoeing, and are active in numerous combat sports as well. On the other hand, men have entered sport fields previously only available to women, such as rhythmic gymnastics. By this, sport can be regarded not only as a scene of gender stereotyping, but also a scene of redefining the concepts of masculinity-femininity in the negotiating of gender

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Dziubiński, Zbigniew, Natalia Organista, and Zuzanna Mazur. "O męskości konstruowanej medialnie: zarys zagadnień teoretycznych i przykład analizy empirycznej." Kultura i Społeczeństwo 61, no. 2 (2017): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/kis.2017.61.2.5.

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This article analyzes how the category of masculinity is constructed in sports writing. It uses texts on sports that appeared in Gazeta Wyborcza, an opinion-forming Polish newspaper. The number of such articles was calculated, with distinctions between men’s and women’s sports, and the gender of the journalists or experts involved. Qualitative analysis showed which disciplines are presented and in what manner, and how the roles of male and female participants are characterized. It emerges that the media message varies in regard to the type of sport and manner of describing the participants. It

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Tjønndal, Anne. "NHL Heavyweights: Narratives of Violence and Masculinity in Ice Hockey." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 70, no. 1 (2016): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pcssr-2016-0013.

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AbstractSport is often considered a masculine area of social life, and few sports are more commonly associated with traditional norms of masculinity than ice hockey. Ice hockey is played with a great level of intensity and body contact. This is true for both men and women’s hockey. However, men’s ice hockey in particular has been subjected to criticism for its excessive violence. Sport has also been analyzed as an arena where boys and men learn masculine values, relations, and rituals, and is often linked to orthodox masculinity in particular. Tolerance for gender diversity and diverse forms o

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Maskalan, Ana. "Sporting the glass jaw." Synthesis philosophica 34, no. 2 (2019): 285–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.21464/sp34204.

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Sport is still understood as a traditional bastion of masculinity that exalts physical qualities such as strength and speed, and psychological traits such as aggression and perseverance, deeming women’s participation undesirable and unnecessary. Nevertheless, women for decades, in strict separation from men or within so-called “women’s sports”, were achieving results worthy of the attention of even the fiercest sceptics. Because of its nature founded in physicality, sport is still relatively seldom the area of political struggle for gender equality, although female athletes have occasionally d

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Steinfeldt, Jesse, Leslie A. Rutkowski, Thomas J. Orr, and Matthew C. Steinfeldt. "Moral Atmosphere and Masculine Norms in American College Football." Sport Psychologist 26, no. 3 (2012): 341–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.26.3.341.

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This study examined on-field antisocial sports behaviors among 274 American football players in the United States. Results indicated that moral atmosphere (i.e., teammate, coach influence) and conformity to masculine norms were significantly related to participants’ moral behavior on the field (i.e., intimidate, risk injury, cheat, intentionally injure opponents). In other words, the perception that coaches and teammates condone on-field antisocial behaviors—in addition to conforming to societal expectations of traditional masculinity—is related to higher levels of antisocial behaviors on the

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ORGANISTA, NATALIA. "Still unnoticed. Women in Polish sports associations. Content analysis of Polish, international, and British formal rules of sports organizations." Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity 9, no. 1 (2017): 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.09.1.09.

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From a critical paradigm point of view sport has been a sexist institution. Despite the women empowerment in sport they are still trivialized and marginalized. Research also shows that sport organizations may be exceptionally opposed to women, valuing hegemonic masculinity. Therefore, the aim of this article is to check whether gender inequalities occur in Polish sports organizations and what the scale of those inequalities is in comparison to international and British organizations. Content analysis was used to examine official documents of organizations. The sample consists of seventeen Poli

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Barber, Christie. "Masculinity in Japanese Sports Films." Japanese Studies 34, no. 2 (2014): 135–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10371397.2014.928586.

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Gieseler, Carly. "Learning to Fail: Adolescent Resistance in Extreme Sports." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 43, no. 4 (2019): 276–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723519842235.

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Employing dysfunctional or arrested development, extreme sports tricksters cultivate diverse strategies of sporting identity. Through parody, satire, and mockery, adolescent performances and representations resist hegemonic ideologies of mainstream sports masculinity. This work interrogates the representational and performative texts, events, and bodies of extreme sports using queer theories and psychoanalytic approaches. To assess failure as a potentially strategic and radical mode of counter-hegemonic resistance, I trace the origins of extreme sports cultures through icons such as Evel Kniev

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Modzelewska, Olga. "MEN AND SPORT SOCIALIZATION TO MASCULINITY." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 4 (May 25, 2018): 162–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2018vol1.3144.

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Socialization as a long-life process is an extremely important element of every human's life. From a early years every child is taught the right behaviour in the social space. One of the areas in which we are socialized are the behaviours and the roles of each gender. Little girls are taught behaviours based on empathy and care while boys are guided towards diverse physical activities. Sport then becomes a space where boy learns behaviours that are considered by the society to be proper for the men. Features described as "typically male" which boys learn while doing sports include domination,

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Murray, Ashnil, and Adam White. "Twelve not so angry men: Inclusive masculinities in Australian contact sports." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 52, no. 5 (2015): 536–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690215609786.

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Sport’s utility in the development of a conservative orthodox ideal of masculinity based upon homophobia, aggression and emotional restrictiveness is well evidenced in critical masculinities scholarship. However, contemporary research is reflecting a more nuanced understanding of male behaviour in many Western contexts, with men performing softer and more inclusive versions of masculinities. Through exploring the experiences of twelve Australian contact sport athletes, this research establishes findings to support the growing body of inclusive masculinities research. Results show that these me

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Kalof, Linda. "Animal Blood Sport: A Ritual Display of Masculinity and Sexual Virility." Sociology of Sport Journal 31, no. 4 (2014): 438–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.2014-0051.

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Blood sport—the practice of pitting animals against each other (or against humans) in bloody combat to the death—is a tragic form of human entertainment that has been resilient since antiquity. While animal blood sport is a form of human driven sport related violence that involves the abuse and suffering of other animals (Young 2012), it also provides an “identity prop” (Dunning 1999): all male competitive sports and games provide men with a way to demonstrate masculinity by feminizing opponents (Dundes 1997). This theoretical argument has not been systematically analyzed in the sociology of s

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Burke, Kevin L. "Comparison of Psychological Androgyny within a Sample of Female College Athletes Who Participate in Sports Traditionally Appropriate and Traditionally Inappropriate for Competition by Females." Perceptual and Motor Skills 63, no. 2 (1986): 779–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1986.63.2.779.

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Female participants in sports traditionally inappropriate (basketball and Softball) and traditionally appropriate (tennis and swimming) for competition by females were compared on the personality trait of psychological androgyny. 49 university female athletes were administered the Bern Sex-role Inventory anonymously. A chi-squared test and phi coefficient showed no significant difference between the categorized two sport groups on psychological androgyny. However, a t test between masculinity scores of athletes in the two sports groups showed a significant difference.

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Thing, Lone Friis. "Er skadeskulturen i sport en machokultur." Dansk Sociologi 15, no. 2 (2005): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v15i2.239.

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Lone Friis Thing: Is sport injury gendered?   This article discusses how sport injuries in female handball in a non-professional context intersect with masculinity codes. It asks whether dominant forms of masculinity involve learned behaviours that cause risk taking, violence or disregard for health. The article is based on data from 17 qualitative interviews with women handball players, with cross ligament (acl-ligament) injuries and field observations from the physiotherapy clinic where the players went for therapy. Masculinity codes are not articulated when it comes to recommenc

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Reis, Nathan A., Kent C. Kowalski, Amber D. Mosewich, and Leah J. Ferguson. "Exploring Self-Compassion and Versions of Masculinity in Men Athletes." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 41, no. 6 (2019): 368–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2019-0061.

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Despite a growing emphasis on self-compassion in sport, little research has focused exclusively on men athletes. The purpose of this research was to explore the interaction of self-compassion and diverse versions of masculinity on the psychosocial well-being of men athletes. The authors sampled 172 men athletes (Mage = 22.8 yr) from a variety of sports, using descriptive methodology with self-report questionnaires. Self-compassion was related to most variables (e.g., psychological well-being, fear of negative evaluation, state self-criticism, internalized shame, reactions to a hypothetical spo

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Kreager, Derek A. "Unnecessary Roughness? School Sports, Peer Networks, and Male Adolescent Violence." American Sociological Review 72, no. 5 (2007): 705–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000312240707200503.

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This article examines the extent to which participation in high school interscholastic sports contributes to male violence. Deriving competing hypotheses from social control, social learning, and masculinity theories, I use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to test if (1) type of sport and (2) peer athletic participation, contribute to the risks of male serious fighting. Contrary to social control expectations, analyses suggest that athletic involvement fails to inhibit male violence. Moreover, there is a strong relationship between contact sports and violence. Foo

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Arnott, Ian. "Marxist or Feminist Approaches to Sports Management Are There Traits in A Modern Days Society." International Business Research 1, no. 4 (2008): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v1n4p19.

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Many scholars have attempted to apply various theories in the field of sport (Bordieu, 1984 &amp; Brainer 2007).&nbsp; This particular area looks at the relationship between Marxism to the sociology of sport and how it has influenced societal structures as well as the impact it has had on the economy. Though these theories are useful on exploring the general nature of sport, questions may be raised on have they influenced the way sports is managed today also? It is widely accepted that management theories have been influenced by industry and that many scholars have used Marxism and fem

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Béki, Piroska, and Katalin Keresztesi. "The queen of the sports with the eyes of the women." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 72 (May 16, 2017): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/72/1577.

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The media plays a very important role in the gender socialization as in the sport selection also, in which the individual is born,. We want to introduce those disciplines through the development of more studies are in athletics not least, belonged to a man's privilege. The emergence of women in a variety of masculine competitions has enabled the track and field sport turned into both gender sport. The masculinity and feminity separation in sport is increasingly disappear and become neutral. In our study, we analyze the changes in women's athletics point of view of history, in some disciplines

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Mohapatra, Samapika. "‘We Are Equal but Different’: Challenging Compulsory Heterosexuality by Intersexual Female Athletes in the World of Sport." Sociological Bulletin 70, no. 3 (2021): 291–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00380229211011855.

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By using the method of Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis (FCDA), this article examines how sport is a conservative institution so far as sexuality and gender identity of female athletes are concerned. The article enquires to know what it means for a sportswoman to be physically strong and active like a man. It explores how the process of binary sex segregation in competitive sports affects the non-heterosexual female athletes and how their sexuality and physicality are considered as a foil in the patriarchal domain of sports. It highlights how the ‘gender verification test’ as a discriminat

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Ambrozas, Diana. "Laurel R. DAVIS (1997), The Swimsuit Issue and Sport: Hegemonic Masculinity in Sports Illustrated." Communication, no. 19/2 (February 15, 2000): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/communication.6369.

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Zhang, Jie. "Gender Differences in Athletic Performance and their Implications in Gender Ratios of Suicide: A Comparison between the USA and China." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 41, no. 2 (2000): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/k1k2-muw6-9ygg-pvbk.

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This article attempts to understand the unique gender ratio in Chinese suicide from a physiological perspective. While Chinese women have been performing notably better than Chinese men in international sport competitions, it is suggested that sport achievements and suicide risks are both related to masculinity and aggression. To test the hypothesis that the gender difference in Chinese sports records is smaller than that found in U.S. sports records, both Chinese and U.S. national athletic records were analyzed for field, track, and swimming events. With the hypothesis supported by the data,

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Haltom, Trenton M. "A New Spin on Gender: How Parents of Male Baton Twirlers (Un)Do Gender Essentialism." Sociology of Sport Journal 37, no. 4 (2020): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.2019-0077.

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Families and sports are spaces for “doing” and “undoing” gender. The author presents qualitative interviews with 30 American men who recall their parents’ involvement in the gender atypical sport of baton twirling. The author analyzes the data using “doing” and “undoing” gender as well as “hard” and “soft” essentialism frameworks. Mothers are often supportive of their sons’ twirling, contributing to “undoing” gender and relaxing “soft essentialism.” Fathers do not see baton twirling as a normative pathway to manhood or masculinity, thus reinforcing “hard essentialism.” Fathers often take on an

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Atkinson, Michael. "Playing with Fire: Masculinity, Health, and Sports Supplements." Sociology of Sport Journal 24, no. 2 (2007): 165–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.24.2.165.

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Canadian men flock to gyms to enlarge, reshape, and sculpt their bodies. Fitness centers, health-food stores, muscle magazines, and Internet sites profit by aggressively selling “sports supplements” to a wide range of exercising men. Once associated with only the hardcore factions of male bodybuilders (Klein, 1995), designer protein powders, creatine products, energy bars, ephedrine, amino acids, diuretics, and growth hormones such as androstenedione are generically marketed to men as health and lifestyle-improving aids. This paper explores how a select group of Canadian men connect the consum

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Beal, Becky. "Sex, Violence, and Power in Sports: Rethinking Masculinity." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 3, no. 2 (1994): 90–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.3.2.90.

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Miller, Brandon. "Textually Presenting Masculinity and the Body on Mobile Dating Apps for Men Who Have Sex With Men." Journal of Men’s Studies 26, no. 3 (2018): 305–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1060826518773417.

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Scholars have noted that men who have sex with men (MSM) place value upon hegemonic masculinity, both in reference to the self as well as potential partners. The current study examined masculinity language, body language, and sports/working out language in MSM-specific mobile dating app profiles. Using selective self-presentation and self-categorization theory as a background, the current work uncovered a clear privileging of masculinity and a focus on the male body in participants’ profile language directed at the self and others. Men who used body language in their profiles were more likely

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Messner, Michael A. "Men Studying Masculinity: Some Epistemological Issues in Sport Sociology." Sociology of Sport Journal 7, no. 2 (1990): 136–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.7.2.136.

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This paper evaluates a growing genre of studies of masculinity and sport. It is argued that sport sociology, like sociology in general, has become more gender conscious but not necessarily more feminist. Feminist critiques of objectivism and value-free sociology and feminist calls for a values-based feminist standpoint are discussed. Two responses to feminism by male scholars—antifeminist masculinism and profeminism—are discussed and critically analyzed. Finally, it is argued that studies of masculinity and sport are more likely to tell a true story if they are grounded in an inclusive feminis

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Prikhodko, Volodymyr. "JUSTIFICATION OF NEED I TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE GENDER ASPECT SPORTS TRAINING SYSTEM." Sports Bulletin of the Dnieper 1 (2020): 118–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32540/2071-1476-2019-1-118.

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Introduction. The issue of gender equality in sport is multidimensional, requiring a variety of research, drafting relevant legislation and regulations, and training professionals to work at different levels, educated on gender issues. Meanwhile, the key issue for the topic of the formation of a modern system of training athletes, taking into account the culture of gender relations remains insufficiently elaborated at the level of theory in Ukraine, although it must preempt, direct the actions of various practitioners who are otherwise compelled to act, based on foreign experience and sound ex

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Palmer, Catherine, and Kirrilly Thompson. "The Paradoxes of Football Spectatorship: On-Field and Online Expressions of Social Capital among the “Grog Squad”." Sociology of Sport Journal 24, no. 2 (2007): 187–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.24.2.187.

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In this article we examine the cultural practices of a group of South Australian football supporters known as the “Grog Squad.” While hard drinking is undeniably a central part of this group of exclusively male fans, being a “Groggie” is much more than just being in a boozy boys club. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork undertaken throughout the 2005 South Australian football season, as well as Internet research, we argue that the style of support engaged in by the Grog Squad represents a paradox for how we typically understand football fans. On the one hand, much of the language and behavior of

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Coakley, Jay, and Michael A. Messner. "Power at Play: Sports and the Problem of Masculinity." Contemporary Sociology 22, no. 2 (1993): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2075776.

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Messner, M. A. "Power at Play Sports and the Problem of Masculinity." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 26, no. 3 (1994): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199403000-00022.

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Steinfeldt, Jesse A., Brad D. Foltz, Jessica Mungro, Quentin L. Speight, Y. Joel Wong, and Jake Blumberg. "Masculinity socialization in sports: Influence of college football coaches." Psychology of Men & Masculinity 12, no. 3 (2011): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0020170.

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Levy, Moshe, Einat Hollander, and Smadar Noy-Canyon. "The construction of Israeli ‘masculinity’ in the sports arena." Israel Affairs 22, no. 2 (2016): 549–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537121.2016.1140351.

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Chen, YuChun, and Matthew Curtner-Smith. "Hegemonic masculinity in sport education." European Physical Education Review 19, no. 3 (2013): 360–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356336x13495631.

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Koca, Canan, and F. Hulya Asci. "Gender Role Orientation in Turkish Female Athletes and Non-Athletes." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 14, no. 1 (2005): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.14.1.86.

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The purpose of this study was to compare gender role orientation and classification of elite female athletes aged between 18 to 30 years with age-matched female non-athletes in Turkey. Additionally, gender role differences with regard to types of sport in elite female athletes were examined. In this study 306 elite female athletes (Mage = 22.17 ± 2.51) and 264 female non-athletes (Mage = 21.34 ± 3.14) were participants of this study. Female athletes were selected from feminine sports; ballet dancing, aerobic dance, swimming, ice skating, tennis, volleyball (n = 70), from masculine sports; bask

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Lee, Yomee. "From Forever Foreigners to Model Minority: Asian American Men in Sports." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 72, no. 1 (2016): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pcssr-2016-0025.

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AbstractDespite their long history in the United States, relatively little scholarly attention has been paid to Asian Americans and their lived experience in sports. The purpose of this study was to give voices to Asian American men by focusing on their experiences in sports. In particular, this study examined the experiences of East Asian and Southeast Asian American male college students who were often perceived as “foreign” and “pejoratively feminine” racialized minority yet participated in sports that were associated with dominant masculinity in the U.S. The setting of the study was as a p

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Webster, David. "Sports as Third World Nationalism." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 23, no. 4 (2016): 395–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-02304007.

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Indonesian President Sukarno established the Games of the New Emerging Forces (ganefo) not only as an alternative to the Olympic Games in the 1960s, but also as part of a systemic challenge to the international status quo. They occurred twice, once in Indonesia in 1963 and again (as “Asian ganefo”) in Cambodia in 1966. The ganefo drew on Asian left-nationalism and neutralism and foreshadowed a possible alternative United Nations that Sukarno planned to call the Conference of the New Emerging Forces (conefo), with membership from the People’s Republic of China and other Asian states. This resea

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Kian, Edward M., Janet S. Fink, and Marie Hardin. "Examining the Impact of Journalists’ Gender in Online and Newspaper Tennis Articles." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 20, no. 2 (2011): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.20.2.3.

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This study examined content differences in the framing of men’s and women’s tennis coverage based on the sex of sports writers. Articles on the 2007 U.S. Open in six popular Internet sites and newspapers were examined. Results showed both female and male writers wrote a higher percentage of articles exclusively on men’s tennis than on women’s tennis. Female journalists accounted for more overall newspapers articles than male reporters, whereas online articles were mostly written by male authors. Framing results showed female journalists largely reinforced hegemonic masculinity through the use

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Dowland, Seth. "War, Sports, and the Construction of Masculinity in American Christianity." Religion Compass 5, no. 7 (2011): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-8171.2011.00278.x.

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McDevitt, Patrick F. "Muscular Catholicism: Nationalism, Masculinity and Gaelic Team Sports, 1884–1916." Gender & History 9, no. 2 (1997): 262–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0424.00058.

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Bell, Travis R., and Victor D. Kidd. "“Mike Trout When I’m Battin’ Boy”: Unpacking Baseball’s Translation Through Rap Lyrics." Sociology of Sport Journal 37, no. 3 (2020): 220–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.2019-0038.

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Baseball and rap music are often not considered culturally or historically synonymous, but a shift appears underway. This research examines how 239 rap lyrics reach across the formerly confined (mostly racialized) boundaries of baseball to engage the sport through its reference to 128 baseball players. A thematic analysis explores how the languages of baseball and rap culture intersect through linguistic translation. The authors develop a broad understanding of the positive and negative “baller” references, and how it could affect the future growth of baseball role models for Black youth athle

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García-Orriols, Jordi, and Xavier Torrebadella Flix. "Homofobia y Orientación Sexual en Deportistas Federados en Cataluña: Inmersos en el Legado de la Heteronormatividad." Masculinities & Social Change 8, no. 3 (2019): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/mcs.2019.4308.

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Nowadays, breaking with sexual diversity discrimination is a social requirement that is increasing. Thus, new theoretical frameworks have been appearing and being discussed but, scarcely, aren’t known by society. Consequently, the heteronormative concept still remains on social contexts, from schools to sport stadiums. In this way, this study is focused on the homophobia grade analysis in different federated sports in Catalonia by the adapted version of Actitudes hacia la Diversidad en el Deporte scale (Piedra, 2016). Moreover, other personal factors (sex, age, sexual orientation) have been co

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Sisjord, Mari Kristin, and Elsa Kristiansen. "Serious Athletes or Media Clowns? Female and Male Wrestlers’ Perceptions of Media Constructions." Sociology of Sport Journal 25, no. 3 (2008): 350–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.25.3.350.

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The present study explores Norwegian female and male elite wrestlers’ perceptions of media coverage of wrestling and of themselves as athletes. In-depth interviews were conducted with four female and four male elite wrestlers. Data analysis revealed that the wrestlers experienced media attention as limited and gender stereotyped, with a dominant focus on hegemonic masculinity. In addition, the wrestlers perceived that media coverage distorted their sport performance by focusing on sensational aspects and scandals rather than on actual performances and results. Some of the athletes’ description

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Kian, Edward M. "A Case Study on Message-Board and Media Framing of Gay Male Athletes on a Politically Liberal Web Site." International Journal of Sport Communication 8, no. 4 (2015): 500–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2015-0094.

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In 2013–14, Jason Collins and Michael Sam became the first 2 athletes from the 4 most popular professional leagues in the United States to publicly come out as gay during their playing careers. U.S. men’s pro team sports have historically been arenas where hegemonic masculinity flourishes and open homosexuality is nearly nonexistent. However, these athletes came out during a period when sexual minorities had won numerous civil rights and were gaining acceptance by a majority of Americans, particularly those who self-identify as politically liberal. A textual analysis examined framing of Collin

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