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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sports stadiums

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Academic literature on the topic 'Sports stadiums'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Sports stadiums"

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Chen, Jinao, Aming Lu, and Feng Zhai. "Regional Layout and Planning of Large-Scale Sports Stadiums and Gymnasiums in Cities." Open House International 44, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2019-b0019.

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In order to ensure the high-quality completion of the construction of stadiums and gymnasiums and the smooth holding of the Fourteenth National Games, through on-the-spot investigation and collation of relevant literature at home and abroad, lessons are drawn from the experience of the planning and construction of the stadiums and gymnasiums of the recent three National Games. According to the investigation of the stadiums and gymnasiums in Shaanxi Province, the number, characteristics, overall layout and construction methods of the required stadiums are specifically analyzed. Taking Xi'an Sports Center as an example, from the point of view of the construction requirements of the main stadium of the National Games and the sports construction technology, the functional orientation and construction standards of the competition facilities and training base facilities are put forward. Especially for the planning and design of sports construction facilities including “one stadium, two gymnasiums”, Tennis Center and outdoor sports stadium, the specific index analysis is made. The index analysis provides suggestions for the compilation of the planning and design task sheet of Xi'an Sports Center, and provides reference for the planning and construction of other stadiums and gymnasiums for the Fourteenth National Games.

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Zhu, Li-Cai, Zhi Gao, Jia-Ming Zhu, and Di Zhang. "Construction of the Evaluation System of Sustainable Utilization of Large Stadiums Based on the AHP Method." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (November 9, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9396276.

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Large-scale sports stadiums are an important part of China’s sports stadium system and an important material basis and prerequisite for China’s basic public sports service system. This paper aims to establish the evaluation index system by exploring the utilization of large stadiums and gymnasiums under the background of sustainable development and to provide important reference for the construction and utilization of stadiums and gymnasiums in the future. Using literature methods, quantitative statistics, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and other methods, focusing on sustainable use, this study develops a postgame utilization evaluation system for large stadiums, considering the design, construction, operation, and management of the stadium. This paper identifies 5 first-level indicators, 13 second-level indicators, and 38 third-level indicators, which mainly included five aspects of comprehensive performance, service level, environmental performance, economic performance, and venue maintenance. The AHP method was used to determine the index weight coefficient, thus forming a sustainable use evaluation index system for the large stadiums. Finally, taking Bengbu Sports Center in Anhui province as an example, this paper makes an empirical analysis.

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Alakshendra, Abhinav. "How are we funding professional sports stadiums? An overview." Managerial Finance 42, no. 9 (September 12, 2016): 885–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-03-2016-0076.

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Purpose American taxpayers heavily subsidize professional sports leagues and teams through direct and indirect public funding to build professional sports stadiums. Today, the proportion of public funding to build professional sports stadiums is greater than private contribution. In last 20 years, almost all of the 100 professional stadiums opened have received some form of direct or indirect financial assistance from local, state and federal government. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This paper investigates and documents most often used methods of stadium financing in recent years along with the historical shift from privately built stadiums to public funded stadiums in the span of 65 years. This paper also briefly reviews the literature evaluating the impacts of public spending for professional sports stadiums. The vast literature on the topic reveals that economists and city planners agree that public subsidy to build expensive professional sports stadiums cannot be justified on the grounds of perceived economic development. Findings Over the years, funding mix to build professional sports facilities has changed dramatically. Local government has been coming up with various financing strategies involving new and old instruments. Originality/value The findings also suggest that share of local and state government has gone up in recent years compare to federal government share.

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Verner, Martin. "THE OCCURRENCE OF SYNCHRONIZED JUMPING CROWD AT SPORTS STADIUMS." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 13 (November 13, 2017): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2017.13.0152.

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Since the age of the Rome Empire, people have been going for fun at the stadiums. Today, important reasons for visiting the stadium are sport games or cultural performances. The text is about occurrence of specific types of behaviour during sport games. The experiment was realized at four different sports stadiums and during three kinds of sports. The worst case of loads for the grandstand is the synchronized jumping of a crowd. This is type of behaviour, which can cause over limit vibration, visitors discomfort on the tribune, in the extreme case collapse of the grandstand. In any country today, the standards or references or math models are not for application of dynamic load to grandstand. Only the British standards are making recommendation how the designer should work with dynamic loads.

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Geliot, Steve, Jacqueline Coesfeld, and Christopher C. M. Kyba. "Scale and Impact of Sports Stadium Grow Lighting Systems In England." International Journal of Sustainable Lighting 24, no. 1 (June 29, 2022): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26607/ijsl.v24i1.125.

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Recently, many sports stadiums have begun using high power lighting systems to help the grass grow on the playing surfaces. These lights supplement winter sunlight, which is sometimes insufficient due to the low elevation of the sun and shading from the surrounding walls. In many stadiums, grow lights are operated at night, and the waste light emissions from these stadiums are extraordinary in comparison to most other areas in the cities in which they are located. Here we present space-based observations of the radiance of fourteen stadiums located in towns and cities of varying sizes and in varying geographical locations across England which each have a Premier League football stadium. We show that stadiums have dramatically brightened (typically by factors of 2-5) in recent years compared to the situation in 2012. We also show that stadiums are often responsible for an important fraction of the total light emission of the cities they are in (often 10% or more, and in one case up to 30%). Because the light emissions from many English towns have been reducing in recent years, the overall fraction of light due to the stadiums is increasing. In some cases, total city emissions have actually increased due to the stadiums, undermining the environmental impact of reductions in radiance in the rest of the community. We believe that stadium grow lights are an excellent target for sustainable lighting initiatives, both because of their considerable environmental impact (especially when located near sensitive areas) and the possibility of high profile and successful waste light mitigation projects.

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Potter, Joel M. "Publicly subsidized sports events and stadiums." Managerial Finance 42, no. 9 (September 12, 2016): 879–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-03-2016-0075.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the economics literature of publicly subsidized sports stadiums and mega-events. Let it be noted, however, that the author was unable to find any substantial economics literature in terms of how publicly funded stadiums and events affect income and wealth inequality. Design/methodology/approach This paper was designed for coherent legibility with the intention of reviewing economic literature on the effects of publicly funded sports stadiums and events. However, upon investigation it was found that there is a surprising dearth of relevant literature pertaining to the implications of publicly funded stadiums and sports events and their effects on income and wealth inequality. Findings Although the author discovered research performed by non-economists, they were unable to find research wherein economists explicitly investigate the impact of stadium subsidies on income and wealth inequality. Social implications The social implications of publicly funded sports-related constructions and events, though surprisingly under-reported by economists, can be startlingly extensive in terms of sheer numbers. In all, 1.5 million individuals were purportedly displaced in order to make room for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. In total, 250,000 people were likewise forced to move in order to accommodate the 2014 World Cup in Brazil. These numbers warrant further investigation by economists. Originality/value The author was unable to find any literature pertaining to the effects on income or wealth inequality of publicly funded sports stadiums and mega-events. This review would therefore appear to be unique.

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Pritchard, Adrian, David Cook, Andrew Jones, Tom Bason, Paul Salisbury, and Ellie Hickman. "Professional sports teams: going beyond the core." International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship 20, no. 4 (November 4, 2019): 554–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-05-2018-0056.

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Purpose The addition of products to the core of matches by professional sports teams (PSTs) has received much coverage. However, there has been limited work as to how their stadiums are used to stage non-sporting events. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how clubs in the English Football League (EFL) use their venues to diversify into other markets. Design/methodology/approach Secondary sources were used to categorise the teams who played in the EFL by: average division turnover, stadium capacity and stadium age. Semi-structured interviews were held with a member of the commercial teams of 21 clubs. Findings Clubs use their stadiums to supply a range of products and working with partners is commonplace. These products are targeted at a range of stakeholders, such as supporters, the local community and regionally based organisations. In addition to their own efforts, increased geographical coverage for clubs usually develops in three ways: via internal marketing by local organisations who use the facilities, agents who market the stadium for the club and the EFL who market the league/clubs holistically. Research limitations/implications The use of a stadium allows PSTs to diversify by providing new products for new markets. In this instance it has led to the development of capabilities in areas such as conferencing, funerals and weddings. Originality/value This is one of the first papers to examine the capabilities developed by PSTs that lie outside the staging of matches.

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Cavaiani, Anthony C. "Rhetoric, Materiality, and the Disruption of Meaning: The Stadium as a Place of Protest." Communication & Sport 8, no. 4-5 (January 21, 2020): 473–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167479519900161.

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Recently, athlete protests about social injustice have garnered much attention from fans and the media. An element frequently overlooked is the role of place in sports protests. Stadiums are iconic markers of identity for communities and play a significant role in the media’s representation of sports games. Informed by Endres and Senda-Cook’s research about place-in-protest, I argue how the Botham Jean and O’Shae Terry protests outside AT&T Stadium in Dallas functioned as place-as-rhetoric to build on the intended purpose of the stadium while temporarily reconstructing its meaning. This material enactment is achieved by the stadium serving as a performative space that authorizes new meaning onto the stadium and surrounding space while heralding it as a champion marker of social justice. I position my analysis within a framework that understands how sports stadiums deploy material rhetoric in ways that produce embodied rhetoric and ephemeral rhetoric that legitimize the Jean and Terry protests as social justice protests. I argue that the stadium functions as place-in-rhetoric to capitalize on its mobilization of fandom in order to amplify social justice messages to a wider audience.

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Glebova, Ekaterina, Michel Desbordes, and Gabor Geczi. "Changes in Stadium Sports Spectators Customer Experiences." Testnevelés, Sport, Tudomány 4, no. 3-4 (2019): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21846/tst.2019.3-4.6.

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Over the centuries, in most countries of the world, stadiums have changed and evolved, and with it, the behaviour and ways of experience of their visitors and spectators have certainly transformed. With improvements in-home entertainment systems and internet connectivity occurring all the time, sports fans have a greater capacity to build themselves a viewing experience that fits their preferred specifications, right in the comfort wherever they are: airplane, hotel, office, or their own room. Subsequently, sports stadiums are in the process of challenge and technological evolution, including implementation of various innovations. It attempts to create smooth, strong impressive experience and appeals to attract spectators out of their mediatory watching and to bring them into the stadium, wherever it is situated. In the current paper we investigate and review the critical areas and identify the phenomena of transformations addresses to deliver a next-generation stadium experience that is affective enough to compete with the cost, comfort, impressions benefits of “mobile” spectatorship (Thomson, Potter, 2017). A multidimensional content analysis (Tharenou, 2010) of collected data let us outline the key area of stadium technological transformation, referring to the customer-centric approach (McAlexander et al., 2002; Zaky & Neely, 2018). We define and outline the key areas of changes in SSCX in order to better predict their nature, courses and impact, projecting future perspective research directions.

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Anderson, Bill. "What Gramsci Can Tell Sport Communication Scholars About How Civic Leaders Sell Sports to Their Communities: A Look at the Braves’ Move to Atlanta." International Journal of Sport Communication 9, no. 3 (September 2016): 261–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2016-0033.

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Antonio Gramsci argued that ruling classes stayed in power as much through cultural hegemony as through economic hegemony or brute force. Gramsci maintained that the dominant class established and maintained this cultural hegemony through negotiation and persuasion. Gramsci’s theory offers much to sport communication scholars who try to ascertain why certain communities (especially their civic leaders) build stadiums to attract major-league sports teams and events despite mounting economic evidence that these ventures often fail to yield the financial benefits touted by their advocates. This paper uses Gramsci’s theory to examine how the civic leaders of Atlanta enticed the populace and sporting press to use public funds to build a new sports stadium in the mid-1960s. Atlanta’s leaders used the sports stadium not only to lure a Major League Baseball team to the city but also to persuade the city’s populace that this move made the metropolis “big league.”

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sports stadiums"

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Cheung, Wing-kin William. "(Di)Sport-scape for professionals & amateurs : Mongkok Stadium & District redevelopment /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25952729.

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Castronova, John. "The economic effects of sports stadiums and franchises." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/989.

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Sofotasiou, Polytimi. "Aerodynamic optimisation of sports stadiums towards wind comfort." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17820/.

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The aim of this work was to investigate the aerodynamic performance of sports stadiums located in the built environment and conduct a design optimisation study to improve the wind comfort conditions for both players and spectators. A 1:300 scale semi-open stadium model was assessed with combined Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) wind tunnel experimentation and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques against pressure and velocity distribution patterns in both interior and exterior areas of the stadium bowl. The validation of the numeric analysis was performed with the experimental results of pressure coefficients. The aerodynamic performance analysis compared two impinging wind angles (0o and 90o) and two building envelope porosities, defined by the existence of an elevated and non-elevated roof configuration. The results indicated that the wind direction caused small differentiations on the developed wind distribution patterns, with the wind angle of 90o generating smaller negative pressures in both interior and exterior stadium surfaces. Further analysis of the air velocity distribution results indicated that the provision of a horizontal ventilation opening between the roof and the upper spectator tiers substantially improves the airflow distribution for the benefit of spectators, but induces up to 25 % higher velocities at the centre of the pitch level. Parametric studies were performed to evaluate the impact of the roof geometry changes on the developed wind comfort conditions for the players and the spectators. By employing coupled CFD-Response Surface Methodology (RSM) techniques, it was found that the wind speeds and the flow homogeneity at the stadium bowl are more susceptible to firstly the roof height and secondly the roof radius. Finally, the generated response surfaces formed the basis for the conduction of a multi-objective optimisation study, which revealed that a drastic reduction of the roof height and the roof radius by 96.9 % and 50 % respectively may reduce the wind speeds and the flow heterogeneity up to 37 % and 49.6 % in the occupied areas.

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Ortiz, Mauricio. "Do Professional Sports Franchises And Professional Sports Stadiums Have Any Effect On Employment In A City?" Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33950.

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With the increasing involvement of state and local governments in the professional sports industry over the last quarter of a century, the debate has arisen over whether the luring of a professional sports franchise or the construction of a stadium for a professional sports franchise provides any type of significant economic stimulus to a city. There are those who have engaged in this debate who believe the potential impact of these events to be significant and positive for a city. There are others who believe the potential impact of these events to be insignificant and/or negative for a city. The goal of this thesis is to add to the debate by presenting an econometric analysis of whether or not introducing a professional sports franchise and/or constructing a stadium for a professional sports franchise has any effect on a city's employment level. Our research based on taking data for each of the four major professional sports (Basketball, Baseball, Football, and Hockey) for various cities from 1979 to 1999 provides some very interesting results. The results of our econometric analysis suggest that building a new football stadium in a city or luring a basketball or hockey franchise into a city has a negative impact on a city's employment growth rate. However, our results also indicate that building a new basketball or hockey arena in a city for a current franchise or attracting a new football franchise to a city has a positive impact on a city's employment growth rate. Our research concludes that depending on the professional sport and the event involved the impact on employment in a city may be positive, negative, or not significant at all. Results that to a certain degree contradict previous econometric studies on the subject.
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Igo, Andrew Lewis. "Site selection and financing of professional sports stadiums and arenas." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22338.

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Brown, James Anthony. "A political economic analysis of Cincinnati's downtown redevelopment scheme centered around the construction of professional sports stadia." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2003. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?miami1050603796.

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Thesis (M.S.S.S.)--Miami University, Dept. of Physical Education, Health, and Sport Studies, 2003.
Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains iv, 199 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 196-199).

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Lee, Shun-wa. "Soil and management of sports turf : a case study in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20667073.

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Bunnage, Grant J. "Public Dollar Private Owners; Tax Subsidies for New Stadiums in Professional Sports." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/114.

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The growing popularity of North American professional sports over the last twenty years directly coincides with the recent trend of urban communities using tax dollars to publically subsidize professional football, baseball, and basketball stadiums. Communities across North America invest substantial amount of public tax dollars in private facilities in light of a consensus among policy analysts that the economic impact of the new stadium is greatly exaggerated. The economic impact of new stadiums has been extensively researched, the focus of this paper rather, is to examine the impact publically subsidized facilities built in the last twenty years have on the overall team valuation compared to teams with no public subsidy or no new stadium.

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Patton, Evan. "Covering the bases variations in the arguments to justify publicly-funded baseball stadiums /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5636.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on September 12, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.

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Abraham, Spencer. "Are the Public Subsidies of Professional Sports Stadiums Worth the Cost of Building Them?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2107.

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The results generated by this research argue that, in the future, communities should take into account crime and other social costs as they analyze the merits of investing in new sports complexes and that a failure to consider these factors could constitute a serious dereliction on the parts of the public officials who are ultimately responsible for new facility investment decision making. Moreover, both this research and previous studies of the economic effects of new sports facilities, strongly indicate that public entities considering funding new facilities do a more in depth independent study of the likely economic consequences of their prospective investments before moving forward.

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Books on the topic "Sports stadiums"

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Encarnacion, Elizabeth. Sports stadiums. North Mankato, MN: QEB Pub., 2007.

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Stupendous sports stadiums. New York: Bearport Pub., 2012.

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Office, Great Britain Home, and Great Britain Scottish Office, eds. Guide to safety at sports grounds. London: H.M.S.O., 1986.

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Broto, Carles. Architecture on sports facilities. 2nd ed. [Barcelona]: Structure : A. Mostaedi, 2005.

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Survey of college sports stadium redesign efforts. New York, NY: Primary Research Group, Inc., 2013.

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Sportlandschaften: Sport, Raum und (Massen- )Kultur in Deutschland 1880-1930. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2013.

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G, Noll Roger, and Zimbalist Andrew S, eds. Sports, jobs, and taxes: The economic impact of sports teams and stadiums. Washington D.C: Brookings Institution Press, 1997.

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Rafool, Mandy. Playing the stadium game: Financing professional sports facilities in the '90s. Denver, Colo: National Conference of State Legislatures, 1997.

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Baim, Dean V. The sports stadium as a municipal investment. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 1994.

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The sports franchise game: Cities in pursuit of sports franchises, events, stadiums, and arenas. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sports stadiums"

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Leeds, Michael A., Peter von Allmen, and Victor A. Matheson. "Teams, Stadiums, and Municipalities." In The Economics of Sports, 187–222. 7th ed. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003317708-10.

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Vamplew, Wray. "Sponsorship, Stadiums, and Subsidies." In Sports Economics for Non-Economists, 85–94. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003128632-10.

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Holmes, John D., and Seifu A. Bekele. "Large roofs and sports stadiums." In Wind Loading of Structures, 337–54. Fourth edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021. |: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429296123-10.

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Wright, Richard Keith. "Establishing everyday edutainment experiences within glocal sports stadiums." In Sport in Museums, 133–45. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351117944-10.

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Bezold, Thomas. "Naming Rights for Sports Stadiums: Sponsor versus Club – Who Makes the Proper Brand?" In Branded Spaces, 121–31. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-01561-9_8.

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James, Mark. "Stadium Disasters and Spectator Safety." In Sports Law, 182–205. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-11859-2_9.

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James, Mark. "Stadium disasters and spectator safety." In Sports Law, 197–222. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55927-2_9.

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Merkle, Thorsten, and Philippa Golding. "Sports Stadium Hospitality and Catering." In The Routledge Companion To International Hospitality Management, 379–91. Title: The Routledge companion to international hospitality management / edited by Marco A. Gardini, Michael C. Ottenbacher and Markus Schuckert. Description: New York: Routledge, 2021. | Series: Routledge companions in business, management and marketing: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429426834-36.

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Chen, Chen, and Judy Davidson. "Settler Colonialism as Environmental Injustice: Rogers Place and Edmonton." In Sport Stadiums and Environmental Justice, 172–87. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003262633-14.

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Kellison, Timothy. "Considering Environmental Justice in Sport: Green Fields, Gray Skies." In Sport Stadiums and Environmental Justice, 3–19. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003262633-2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sports stadiums"

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Shults, Roman, Saule Soltabayeva, Gulnur Seitkazina, Zhupargul Nukarbekova, and Oksana Kucherenko. "Geospatial Monitoring and Structural Mechanics Models: a Case Study of Sports Structures." In 11th International Conference “Environmental Engineering”. VGTU Technika, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2020.685.

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The task of geospatial monitoring is one of the most common in the practice of geodetic works. In the twentieth century, the basic principles for carrying out geospatial monitoring, accuracy calculation, observation intervals assignment, and data simulation were developed. However, since that time, both the building and geodetic technologies have been changed considerably. Among modern engineering structures, the building technology of which has undergone significant changes are sport structures. The use of the state-of-the-art sport structures is associated with the presence of specific loads, name a few: the impact of a vast number of spectators (e.g., stadiums, cycle tracks, etc.) or loads directly from the competitions equipment (e.g., bobsleigh tracks, race tracks, etc.). The primary goal of the presented paper is to develop a general approach to the preliminary accuracy calculation of the geospatial monitoring of the sports structures using the methods of structural mechanics. As an example, a football stadium was considered. Based on the simulation, the improved technology of geospatial monitoring for the sports structure was suggested. The in-depth analysis of the creation of geodetic networks for geospatial monitoring was accomplished. At the final step, the results of geospatial monitoring for the football stadium were analyzed, and hands-on recommendations were made.

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Refaat, Shady S., Haitham Abu-Rub, and Omar Ellabban Mladen Kezunovic. "A novel smart energy management system in sports stadiums." In 2016 18th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'16 ECCE Europe). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epe.2016.7695647.

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Roy, B. C., and R. Ekambaram. "Condition assessment, rehabilitation and upgradation of stadia in Delhi using modern technology." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.1761.

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<p>India organized the Commonwealth Games in New Delhi in 2010 for which some new stadia were built while some others were renovated. Delhi organized the Asian Games in 1982 successfully building new stadiums. The intervening period of over 25 years had witnessed major advancement in sports technology. Upgrading the stadia using advanced assessment methods and satisfy more stringent requirements were major challenges to ensure that their service lives are extended and that they remain versatile.</p><p>The stadia remodelled/retrofitted were Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (JNS), Dr. S. P. Mukherjee Swimming Pool Complex, (SPM), Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium Complex (IG), and Major Dhyan Chand Stadium. In JNS, the centrepiece of the Games, the open spectator stands needed to be covered accommodating the constraints imposed by the existing playing field. SPM, which was open to sky, required an indoor facility. The IG indoor stadium, hosting gymnastics, required major repair and retrofitting. The paper details these efforts</p>

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Roy, B. C., and R. Ekambaram. "Condition assessment, rehabilitation and upgradation of stadia in Delhi using modern technology." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.1761.

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<p>India organized the Commonwealth Games in New Delhi in 2010 for which some new stadia were built while some others were renovated. Delhi organized the Asian Games in 1982 successfully building new stadiums. The intervening period of over 25 years had witnessed major advancement in sports technology. Upgrading the stadia using advanced assessment methods and satisfy more stringent requirements were major challenges to ensure that their service lives are extended and that they remain versatile.</p><p>The stadia remodelled/retrofitted were Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (JNS), Dr. S. P. Mukherjee Swimming Pool Complex, (SPM), Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium Complex (IG), and Major Dhyan Chand Stadium. In JNS, the centrepiece of the Games, the open spectator stands needed to be covered accommodating the constraints imposed by the existing playing field. SPM, which was open to sky, required an indoor facility. The IG indoor stadium, hosting gymnastics, required major repair and retrofitting. The paper details these efforts</p>

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Smolík, Josef. "Groundhopping: alternativní forma cestovního ruchu." In XXIV. mezinárodního kolokvia o regionálních vědách. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9896-2021-30.

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The article presents one of the alternative and popular forms of sports tourism - groundhopping. Groundhopping is carried out by football fans who want to get to know specific regions, locations or football stadiums they consider important or interesting. The aim of this theoretical paper is to define groundhopping in the context of sports tourism. The text is compiled on the basis of foreign literature and Czech experience with this phenomenon. The data are also based on interviews with Czech groundhoppers. As the main result of the text can be considered the definition of groundhopping and identified activities associated with this unusual form of tourism. Groundhopping may have significant impact (economic, social, cultural) on particular locations in the Czech Republic, which mainly refers to the specific football stadiums. The conclusions of this text can be used not only in regional development, but also in the sociology of sport or tourism. It can be assumed that groundhopping will develop dynamically also with regard to the fact that this activity is presented on social networks or specialized websites of football fans.

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Huang, Fengjuan, and Hongyan Bao. "A hybrid genetic algorithm for sports stadiums location problem in large-scale." In 2013 25th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2013.6561212.

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Zhou, Donghua, and Xing Yan. "Management and Operation Strategy of Stadiums in the Context of the Internet Plus Sports." In International Conference on Judicial, Administrative and Humanitarian Problems of State Structures and Economical Subjects (JAHP 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/jahp-16.2016.17.

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Sadiq, Sadiq Jafar. "Effects of flipped learning on kinesthetic response and scoring accuracy in football at indoors stadiums for middle school students according to Susan Model." In Journal of Human Sport and Exercise - 2021 - Winter Conferences of Sports Science. Universidad de Alicante, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2021.16.proc3.50.

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Jiacheng, Feng, Zhang Zhiwu, Jiu Yuanming, Chen Jinjin, and Liu Zhanlu. "Study on Current Application and Construction Strategies of Stadiums in Tianjin in the Post-National Games Period Based on the Concept of Mapping." In 2021 International Conference on Information Technology and Contemporary Sports (TCS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcs52929.2021.00127.

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Yan, Guirong, Scott Jemison, Qiuhua Duan, and Ruoqiang Feng. "Detection of Pretension Loss of Cable-Net Structures." In ASME 2015 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2015-8978.

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Due to aesthetic shapes, light weight and flexibility, cable-net structures have been widely used as roofs for venues where many people assemble, such as sports stadiums/arenas and gymnasiums. Failure of this type of structure may endanger the safety of many people. This type of structure consists of a separate grid of structural cables supporting a nonstructural weather shield. It is well known that the stiffness of this type of structure is established by pretension in the cables. Part of the pretension in the cables will be lost as time evolves. The detection of the pretension loss in cables of cable-stayed bridges has been widely studied. However, the detection of pretension loss in cables of cable-net structures has been lacking. In this study, the dynamic and static properties of cable-net structures will be investigated and the effectiveness of two damage detection approaches in detecting the pretension loss in cable-net structures will be investigated.

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Reports on the topic "Sports stadiums"

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Camell, D. G., Seturnino Canales, Galen H. Koepke, Kate A. Remley, Susan A. Schima, Dylan Forrest Williams, and Christopher L. Holloway. Propagation and detection of radio signals before, during, and after the implosion of a large sports stadium (Veterans' Stadium in Philadelphia. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.1541.

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Njå, Ove, and Kirsti Russell Vastveit. Norske kommuners planlegging, gjennomføring og bruk av risiko- og sårbarhetsanalyse i forbindelse med samfunnssikkerhetsarbeidet. University of Stavanger, October 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.164.

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I prosjektet; «Helhetlig ROS-analyse i norske kommuner» analyserer vi hvordan kommuner utvikler, bruker og oppdaterer ROS-analyser og risikoforestillinger i sitt samfunnssikkerhetsarbeid. Det legges vekt på hvordan kommuner integrerer ROS-arbeidet og risikoforestillinger i eksisterende plan- og arbeidsprosesser. Hvilke utfordringer opplever kommunene i dette arbeidet? Etter å ha jobbet med risiko og sikkerhet i mer enn 20 år, og en vesentlig del av disse opp mot kommuner, er det etter vårt syn et gjennomgående trekk at kommunalt ansatte som jobber med sikkerhet og beredskap har stor skepsis til akademikere på dette feltet. Den teoretiske «verden» er ikke i stand til å kommunisere med den praktiske og vice versa. Denne utfordringen mener vi står sterkt også i dag, og dermed ble det i prosjektet viktig å finne ut hvordan begrepene ble brukt i kommunene. Hvor kritiske er begrepene for omfanget av bruken av analysene? Står vi ved et markant skille nå med innføring av ny veileder for helhetlig ROS-analyse i kommuner? Eller, er arbeidet omkring samfunnssikkerhet og beredskap fastnet i en praksis uten påvirkning fra ROS-analyse? Datamateriale fra 26 kommuner er inkludert i studien. Kommunene dekker alle landsdelene og de har varierte demografiske og geografiske profiler. Blant deltagerne er kommuner med storulykkesindustri, større bykommuner, mindre øykommuner og grensekommuner. Opptil fem personer med ulikt ansvar for samfunnssikkerhets- og beredskapsarbeidet er intervjuet i hver kommune. En viktig del av prosjektet er forholdet mellom ROS-analyser på ulike forvaltningsnivåer, hvordan ROS-analysene kommuniserer risikoforestillinger og hvordan kommunene kan bygge på og hente innspill fra hverandre i ROS-analysearbeidet. Siden 2010 har Lov om kommunal beredskapsplikt, sivile beskyttelsestiltak og Sivilforsvaret (sivilbeskyttelsesloven) og underliggende Forskrift om kommunal beredskapsplikt stilt krav til kommunenes ROS-analyse og samfunnssikkerhetsarbeid i stort. Likevel er det ikke opplagt hva det innebærer. Forskriften snakker om begreper og konsepter som; - Jobbe systematisk og helhetlig med samfunnssikkerhet; - Forankring i kommunestyret; - Eksisterende og fremtidige risiko- og sårbarhetsfaktorer; - Særlige utfordringer; - Langsiktige mål, strategier, prioriteringer og plan for oppfølging av samfunnssikkerhets- og beredskapsarbeidet; - Vurdere forhold som bør integreres i planer og prosesser; og - Overordnet beredskapsplan. Det stiller store krav til kommunens ansattes kunnskap og kompetanse til å fortolke hva alle disse konseptene skal bety for kommunen og hvordan ansatte skal jobbe med kravene. Her ligger kjernen av vår studie. Studien vår viser at det legges betydelig med ressurser og arbeid ned i kommuners helhetlige ROS-analyser, samfunnssikkerhets og beredskapsarbeid. Risikoinformert styring og risikotenkning er en krevende filosofi, hvor det forutsettes at de ansatte med ansvar for kommunens systemer og samfunnssikkerhets- og beredskapsarbeidet har høy kompetanse på området. I kommunene som deltok i studien synes det å være enklere for kommunene å konkretisere hvordan de arbeidet med beredskap enn med samfunnssikkerhet. Kommunene hadde i varierende grad oversikt over hvordan beredskapsarbeidet var satt i system på tvers av etater. Materialet ble analysert ut fra fire forhold: - Begrepsforståelser og bruk av begreper for å uttrykke samfunnssikkerhet - Planlegging og gjennomføring av ROS-analyseprosesser - Presentasjon av resultater fra ROS-analysearbeidet - Implementering av analyseresultatene i kommunens aktiviteter Datamaterialet viser at kommunene og de fleste respondentene våre er i liten grad bekymret over begrepene de bruker. I hovedsak er det risiko, ROS-analyse (eller andre koplinger av ROS), hendelser, akseptkriterier, beredskap, kriseplaner og tiltak som er konseptene i bruk. Usikkerhet var et begrep som fulgte med, men det var i liten grad reflektert over utover at det var en egenskap med hele ROS-analyseprosessene. Samfunnssikkerhet, ytelse av beredskapstiltak, sårbarhet, resiliens, barrierer, system er begreper som får lite eller ingen omtale i kommunenes befatning med samfunnssikkerhet og beredskap. Kommunene er veldige instrumentelle i arbeidet med å utvikle produktene (helhetlig) ROS-analyse og beredskap- og kriseplaner. Beslutningsprosessene som den helhetlige ROS-analysen er en del av, trekkes ikke frem som førende for hvordan ROS-analyser og samfunnssikkerhetsarbeidet gjøres. Fylkesmannen sin rolle som pådriver, rådgiver og tilsynsmyndighet var for de aller fleste kommunene beskrevet med positive fortegn. Alle analysene vi har hatt tilgang til er utført som grovanalyser (hazid-gjennomganger, scenariobeskrivelser, gruppediskusjoner), men med relativt små variasjoner innenfor hvordan risiko måles og uttrykkes. Enkelte kommuner inspireres av innholdet i FylkesROS-analyse eller Nasjonalt Risikobilde, mens andre har et større fokus på lokale forhold og hendelser. I forbindelse med bruk av tiltak fra helhetlig ROS-analyse var det en klar trend at kommunene synes det var vanskelig å sikre implementering av tiltak. Dette skyldes blant annet at det var utfordrende å sikre at den ansvarlige etat tok ansvar for tiltak, at beredskapskoordinatorer ikke anså tiltak som skulle implementeres i enkeltetater som sitt ansvar og at kommunene i mange tilfeller ikke hadde midler til gjennomføring av tiltak. Problemet kan trolig også spores til at helhetlig ROS-analyse ikke var et dokument som var i aktiv bruk i hverdagen til kommunenes ansatte, og som det i de fleste tilfeller ikke ble laget aksjonsplaner for å følge opp. På tiltakssiden var det også tydelig at flere kommuner gjorde det vanskelig for seg selv, ettersom de beskrev svært generelle tiltak i rapportene sine, tiltak som egentlig var på plass i den ansvarlige etat og som var dekket av andre internkontrollrutiner, eller som andre offentlige etater var ansvarlige for. Kommunene i prosjektet hadde i varierende grad koblet beredskapsplanene sine opp mot de helhetlige ROS-analysene. En annen utfordring i forbindelse med «bruk» til beredskapsplanlegging var at kommunene ikke var sikre på hvordan dette skulle tolkes. Skulle man lage øvelser basert på hendelsene som var brukt i helhetlig ROS-analyse, skulle det lages tiltakskort som passet til scenarioene i helhetlig ROS-analyse? Enkelte kommuner hadde inkludert hendelser fra helhetlig ROS-analyse i beredskapsplanverket sitt, mens andre hadde fokusert mer på felles kapasiteter i helhetlig ROS-analyse. Å se sammenhengen mellom helhetlig ROS-analyse og beredskapsplanlegging var et vanskelig tema for kommunene. Beredskapsanalyse og vurdering av «godheten» av beredskapstiltak er også en stor utfordring. Den største utfordringen og det viktigste funnet som har kommet fram gjennom studiet er at prinsippene i risikobasert styring er nærmest fraværende i kommunene. Funksjonelle krav til sikkerhet mangler, en levende diskusjon om samfunnssikkerhet og beredskap mangler, og analysene brukes i svært liten grad. ROS-analyse og intensjoner om risikobasert styring har vært i norske kommuner i mer enn 20 år, og basert på dette mener vi at det er kompetanse og reguleringsregimet det må gjøres noe med, heller enn å innføre nye veiledere og tilsynsaktiviteter. Ansvaret for kommunens samfunnssikkerhets- og beredskapsarbeid må knyttes opp mot spesifikk kompetanse. Det krever at kommunene endrer praksis på i den administrative ledelsen og virksomhetene som eier systemene, tjenestene og aktivitetene, så vel som i kommunikasjonen mellom administrativ og politisk ledelse når det gjelder samfunnssikkerhet og beredskap. Vi mener at politikeren fra bykommune 1 langs kysten i Nord-Norge illustrerer behovet på en betegnende måte: «Veldig få i beredskapsrådet har lest dokumentene. I vårt fylke tror jeg vi er noen av de som har kommet lengst, og det sier etter mitt skjønn sitt». «Vi må involvere oss på et mye tidligere stadium. Skaffe oss oversikt over hva som er beredskapsplanene, og hvor flaskehalsene er. Det tror jeg at jeg deler med veldig mange. Vi strykes med hårene i alt for stor grad. Vi får for mye ros.»

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