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Academic literature on the topic 'Spotted owls'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Spotted owls"

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Crozier, Michelle L., Mark E. Seamans, R. J. GutiÉRrez, Peter J. Loschl, Robert B. Horn, Stan G. Sovern, and Eric D. Forsman. "Does The Presence of Barred Owls Suppress the Calling Behavior of Spotted Owls?" Condor 108, no. 4 (November 1, 2006): 760–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/108.4.760.

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Abstract Abstract Barred Owls (Strix varia) have expanded their range throughout the ranges of Northern (Strix occidentalis caurina) and California Spotted Owls (S. o. occidentalis). Field observations have suggested that Barred Owls may be behaviorally dominant to Spotted Owls. Therefore, we conducted a test of behavioral dominance by assessing responsiveness of Spotted Owls to conspecific calls when they were in the simulated presence (i.e., imitation of Barred Owl vocalizations) of a Barred Owl. We hypothesized that Spotted Owls would be less likely to respond to conspecific calls in areas where Barred Owls were common. We used a binary 2 × 2 crossover experimental design to examine male Spotted Owl responses at 10 territories randomly selected within two study areas that differed in abundance of Barred Owls. We also conducted a quasi experiment at four study areas using response data from any Spotted Owl (male or female) detected following exposure to Barred Owl calls. We inferred from the crossover experiment that the simulated presence of a Barred Owl might negatively affect Spotted Owl responsiveness. Both subspecies of Spotted Owl responded less to Spotted Owl calls after exposure to Barred Owl calls, Northern Spotted Owls responded less frequently in areas having higher numbers of Barred Owls, and California Spotted Owls responded less frequently than Northern Spotted Owls overall.

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Kelly, Elizabeth G., Eric D. Forsman, and Robert G. Anthony. "Are Barred Owls Displacing Spotted Owls?" Condor 105, no. 1 (February 1, 2003): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/105.1.45.

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Abstract Barred Owls (Strix varia) have expanded their range into the Pacific Northwest, and anecdotal evidence suggests that they may be displacing the federally threatened Northern Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis caurina). Our objectives were to describe the current status of Barred Owls in Oregon and compare occupancy of Spotted Owls in historic Spotted Owl territories before and after Barred Owls were first detected in those territories. Between 1974 and 1998, we estimated that 706 different Barred Owl territories were located in Oregon. From 1989–1998 an average of 60 new Barred Owl territories were located in Oregon each year. In Spotted Owl demographic study areas in Oregon and Washington, Barred Owl detections increased at Spotted Owl territories from 1987–1999. Occupancy of Spotted Owl territories declined after Barred Owls were detected within 0.80 km of the territory center. When Barred Owls were detected 0.81–2.40 km from Spotted Owl territory centers, occupancy of Spotted Owls was only marginally less than at territories without Barred Owls. This suggests that the frequency and intensity of interactions between the two species is negatively associated with distance between them. Our results suggest that land managers and regulatory agencies should regard Barred Owls as a threat to Spotted Owls, particularly if Barred Owls continue to increase in number as they have during the past 25 years. ¿Está Strix varia Desplazando a Strix occidentalis caurina? Resumen. Desde su expansión hacia el Pacífico Noroeste, existe evidencia anecdótica de que Strix varia podría estar desplazando a S. occidentalis caurina. Nuestros objetivos fueron describir el estatus actual de S. varia en Oregon y comparar la ocurrencia de S. occidentalis caurina en sus territorios históricos antes y después de que S. varia se detectó por primera vez en dichos territorios. Entre 1974 y 1998, estimamos que se confirmaron 706 territorios diferentes de S. varia en Oregon. Entre 1989 y 1998, se localizaron en promedio 60 nuevos territorios de S. varia anualmente. En áreas con estudios demográficos de S. occidentalis caurina en Oregon y Washington, las detecciones de S. varia en territorios de S. occidentalis caurina se incrementaron entre 1987 y 1999. En comparación con territorios sin S. varia, la ocupación de territorios de S. occidentalis caurina disminuyó luego de que se detectaron individuos de S. varia a menos de 0.80 km del centro del territorio. Cuando se detectaron individuos de S. varia entre 0.81 y 2.40 km del centro de los territorios, la ocupación de éstos fue sólo marginalmente menor que en territorios sin S. varia. Esto sugiere que la frecuencia e intensidad de la interacción entre las dos especies está asociada con la distancia entre ellas. Nuestros resultados sugieren que las autoridades ambientales y de regulación deben considerar a S. varia como una amenaza para S. occidentalis caurina, particularmente si los números de S. varia se siguen incrementando como en los últimos 25 años.

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Hamer, Thomas E., Eric D. Forsman, and Elizabeth M. Glenn. "Home Range Attributes and Habitat Selection of Barred Owls and Spotted Owls in an Area of Sympatry." Condor 109, no. 4 (November 1, 2007): 750–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/109.4.750.

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Abstract We compared home range areas and habitat selection of radio-marked Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis) and Barred Owls (Strix varia) in an area of sympatry in the northern Cascade Range of Washington in 1986–1989. On average, home ranges of Spotted Owls were 3–4 times larger than ranges of Barred Owls, and there was little overlap of home ranges during the breeding season. Ranges of both species tended to expand during winter. Home range size of both species was negatively correlated with the amount of old forest, but the negative slope of the regression was much steeper for Spotted Owls than for Barred Owls. For both species, home ranges of individual owls typically had high overlap among seasons and years, indicating high site fidelity. Barred Owls generally occupied home ranges at lower elevations than Spotted Owls (mean = 386 ± 27 m vs. 750 ± 68 m). Both species tended to use old forests more than expected, but Spotted Owls tended to use other cover types less than expected, whereas Barred Owls used most other cover types in proportion to their availability. We suggest that Spotted Owls may use larger ranges than Barred Owls because they prey selectively on a few species of nocturnal mammals, whereas Barred Owls forage more evenly across a broad range of prey types, including diurnal and aquatic species. The low overlap of Barred Owl and Spotted Owl home ranges suggests that territorial Barred Owls exclude Spotted Owls from their territories, at least during the breeding season, thus reducing the amount of habitat available to Spotted Owls.

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Kelly, Elizabeth G., and Eric D. Forsman. "Recent Records of Hybridization Between Barred Owls (Strix Varia) and Northern Spotted Owls (S. Occidentalis Caurina)." Auk 121, no. 3 (July 1, 2004): 806–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/121.3.806.

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Abstract We summarized records of hybridization between Barred Owls (Strix varia) and Northern Spotted Owls (S. occidentalis caurina) in Washington and Oregon through 1999. A total of 47 hybrids were observed, including 17 F1s that were first detected as adults, 4 F1s that were banded as juveniles and subsequently recaptured as adults, 10 F1 juveniles, and 16 F2 juveniles. All confirmed cases of hybridization between Barred and Spotted owls involved male Spotted Owls paired with female Barred Owls. Ten F1 hybrids that backcrossed with Barred Owls produced a total of 15 young; 6 F1 hybrids that backcrossed with Spotted Owls produced only 1 young. Those differences may indicate that some combinations of sex and species are more compatible or more fertile than others, but more documentation is needed. Because F2 hybrids and subsequent generations are difficult to distinguish in the field from Barred or Spotted owls, genetic comparisons of blood or tissue samples may be needed to identify hybrids beyond the first generation. The small number of F1 hybrids detected during many years of extensive banding studies of Spotted Owls suggests that the isolating mechanisms that separate Barred and Spotted owls are normally sufficient to avoid hybridization between them. Direct competition between the two species for food and space is probably a much more serious threat to the Spotted Owl than hybridization.

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Hanson, Chad T., Derek E. Lee, and Monica L. Bond. "Disentangling Post-Fire Logging and High-Severity Fire Effects for Spotted Owls." Birds 2, no. 2 (April 14, 2021): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/birds2020011.

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The Spotted Owl is a rare and declining raptor inhabiting low/middle-elevation forests of the Pacific Northwest, California, and the Southwest in the USA. It is well established that Spotted Owls select dense, mature, or old forests for nesting and roosting. High-severity fire transforms such forests into a unique forest type known as “snag forest habitat”, which the owls select for foraging. This habitat is disproportionately targeted by post-fire logging projects. Numerous recent articles have explored the influence of high-severity fire and post-fire logging on this species. Studies have shown that post-fire logging significantly reduces Spotted Owl occupancy, but efforts have generally not been made to disentangle the effects of such logging from the influence of high-severity fire alone on Spotted Owls. We conducted an assessment of published, peer-reviewed articles reporting adverse impacts of high-severity fire on Spotted Owls, exploring the extent to which there may have been confounding factors, such as post-fire logging. We found that articles reporting adverse impacts of high-severity fire on Spotted Owls were pervasively confounded by post-fire logging, and in some cases by a methodological bias. Our results indicate a need to approach analyses of high-severity fire and Spotted Owls differently in future research.

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Meyer, Joseph, Larry Irwin, and Mark Boyce. "Influence of Habitat Fragmentation on Spotted owl Site Selection, Site Occupancy, and Reproductive Status in Western Oregon." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 13 (January 1, 1989): 241–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1989.2845.

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Currently there is little empirical evidence to guide decision makers on how to manage for viable populations of the Northern Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) and how to decide what extent and what types of timber harvesting do not adversely affect Spotted Owls. In this ongoing study we are addressing some of the urgent research needs related to Spotted Owls by testing the null hypotheses that various forms of forest fragmentation do not affect (1) site selection, (2) site occupancy, or (3) reproductive success of Spotted Owls at sites within the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) checkerboard pattern of land ownership and management in Western Oregon.

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Wiens, J. David, Katie M. Dugger, J. Mark Higley, Damon B. Lesmeister, Alan B. Franklin, Keith A. Hamm, Gary C. White, et al. "Invader removal triggers competitive release in a threatened avian predator." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 31 (July 19, 2021): e2102859118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2102859118.

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Changes in the distribution and abundance of invasive species can have far-reaching ecological consequences. Programs to control invaders are common but gauging the effectiveness of such programs using carefully controlled, large-scale field experiments is rare, especially at higher trophic levels. Experimental manipulations coupled with long-term demographic monitoring can reveal the mechanistic underpinnings of interspecific competition among apex predators and suggest mitigation options for invasive species. We used a large-scale before–after control–impact removal experiment to investigate the effects of an invasive competitor, the barred owl (Strix varia), on the population dynamics of an iconic old-forest native species, the northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina). Removal of barred owls had a strong, positive effect on survival of sympatric spotted owls and a weaker but positive effect on spotted owl dispersal and recruitment. After removals, the estimated mean annual rate of population change for spotted owls stabilized in areas with removals (0.2% decline per year), but continued to decline sharply in areas without removals (12.1% decline per year). The results demonstrated that the most substantial changes in population dynamics of northern spotted owls over the past two decades were associated with the invasion, population expansion, and subsequent removal of barred owls. Our study provides experimental evidence of the demographic consequences of competitive release, where a threatened avian predator was freed from restrictions imposed on its population dynamics with the removal of a competitively dominant invasive species.

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Andrews, Lawrence S., John P. Perkins, James A. Thrailkill, Nathan J. Poage, and John C. Tappeiner II. "Silvicultural Approaches to Develop Northern Spotted Owl Nesting Sites, Central Coast Ranges, Oregon." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/20.1.13.

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Abstract The life-history requirements of northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina), a federally listed “threatened” species, are associated with late-successional habitats. Nesting sites are an important habitat requirement for spotted owls. We used an individual-tree, distance-independent growth model to explore a range of management scenarios for young Douglas-fir stands (age class 50 years) and estimated which scenarios promoted the development of forest patches that emulate the species mix and diameter distributions at known spotted owl nest sites in the central Coast Ranges of Oregon. Our modeling indicates that without silvicultural intervention or natural disturbances, the young stands (170–247 trees/ac) investigated did not develop features associated with spotted owl nest sites within 160-year total stand age. Silvicultural simulations that modeled heavy thinnings at ages 50 and 80 years, followed by tree-planting and additional thinnings developed forest patches structurally similar to our sample of spotted owl nest sites. We infer that silvicultural activities in federally managed, late-successional reserves may need to include alternatives beyond the scope of those permitted under current land use guidelines to accelerate the development of stand structures that better meet the nesting site requirements of spotted owls. West. J. Appl. For. 20(1):13–27.

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Seamans, Mark E., R. J. Gutiérrez, and Christopher A. May. "Mexican Spotted Owl (Strix Occidentalis) Population Dynamics: Influence of Climatic Variation on Survival and Reproduction." Auk 119, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 321–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/119.2.321.

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Abstract Understanding the mechanisms causing temporal variability in demographic parameters is essential to understanding fluctuations in populations. As part of a long-term demographic study, we evaluated influence of climate on Mexican Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis lucida) annual survival and reproduction in two study areas, one in Arizona and one in New Mexico. Spotted Owl survival in New Mexico and reproductive output in both study areas were positively related to total amounts of precipitation from the previous year, previous winter, or monsoon season. For both study areas, temporal process variation in reproductive output (CV[R] = 51.2 and 75.2% for Arizona and New Mexico, respectively) was greater than that for survival (CV[ϕ] = 12.9 and 7.1% for Arizona and New Mexico, respectively). Precipitation from the previous year explained 73% of σ̂2temporal reproductive output for Arizona owls and precipitation from the previous monsoon explained 42% of σ̂2temporal in reproductive output for New Mexico owls. Precipitation from the previous monsoon season explained 53% of σ̂2temporal in Arizona owl survival and precipitation from the previous winter explained 56% of σ̂2temporal in New Mexico owl survival. The two populations of Spotted Owls we studied appeared to have the same life-history strategy hypothesized for a population of Northern Spotted Owls (S. o. caurina), although the Mexican subspecies apparently responded quite differently to climatic variation.

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Kelly, Elizabeth G., Eric D. Forsman, and Robert G. Anthony. "ARE BARRED OWLS DISPLACING SPOTTED OWLS?" Condor 105, no. 1 (2003): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2003)105[45:abodso]2.0.co;2.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spotted owls"

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Nickell, Kathleen R. "Spotted owls in harvested areas /." View online, 1986. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211998881023.pdf.

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Swarthout, Elliott Clifford Hunt. "Effects of backcountry recreation on Mexican spotted owls." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278707.

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On the Colorado Plateau, environments occupied by Mexican spotted owls (Strix occidentalis lucida) receive intense levels of recreational activity that could adversely effect their behavior and reproductive success. Any spatial restrictions on recreational activities in these narrow canyons would likely eliminate all recreational activity within a given canyon. We assessed changes to activity budgets and nest attendance caused by hikers (Chapter 1) and examined factors that influenced flush responses of roosting owls to hikers (Chapter 2). We conclude that high levels of recreational activity in nesting habitat may be detrimental to Mexican spotted owls and recommend a 205-m radius buffer zone around occupied nests. Based on responses of roosting owls to hikers, we established response thresholds as a basis for exploring management options that will maximize protection of owls and minimize restrictions to recreationists.

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Mills, Alexis Lee. "Not Seeing the Forest for the Owls: News Coverage of the Spotted Owl Controversy." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292244.

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Bowden, Timothy Scott. "Mexican Spotted Owl reproduction, home range, and habitat associations in Grand Canyon National Park." Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/bowden/BowdenT0508.pdf.

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Mexican spotted owls (Strix occidentalis lucida) are nocturnal avian predators that are widely distributed in the southwest U.S. and northern Mexico. In 1993, the lucida subspecies was listed as threatened in response to concern over the loss of forest habitats to which the owl is widely associated. However, in the northwestern corner of their range spotted owls primarily inhabit steep-walled rocky canyons. Owl populations inhabiting this region have received less attention than populations using forests, although, canyon populations are important to the persistence of the subspecies, and are subject to different environmental pressures. I investigated the breeding ecology and home range characteristics of Mexican spotted owls within Grand Canyon which supports both forest and rocky canyon habitat. During the study from 2004 - 2006, female fecundity (mean = 0.86), calculated as the number of female fledglings per paired female, was relatively high compared to values reported previously for Mexican spotted owls. Five adult male owls were radio-tracked during the breeding season. I used minimum convex polygons and fixed kernel estimates to describe home range size (mean = 356 ha and 372 ha, respectively) and generated adaptive kernels to describe areas of concentrated use within home ranges. I used GIS to describe vegetation and geology cover types associated with owl use areas. This information was used to determine if spotted owls used landscape cover types disproportionately to their availability. At a landscape level, spotted owl telemetry locations were positively correlated with pinÌƒyon-juniper vegetation that occurred within canyons as well as with the Redwall and Muav geologic layers (p

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Berigan, William John. "Nest site selection of California spotted owls (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) in the Lassen National Forest analyzed at several spatial scales." CSU, Chico Electronic Masters Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10211.4/77.

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Lewis, Leah R. "Habitat Characteristics of Mexican Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis lucida) in the Canyonlands of Southern Utah." DigitalCommons@USU, 2014. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/3335.

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I studied the habitat characteristics of Mexican Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis lucida), a federally threatened species, in the canyonlands region of southern Utah. Vegetative and geologic features were measured within 10m wide belt plots at each current or historic nest/roost site. Based on our findings, past research, and species life history characteristics, I constructed a species distribution model (SDM) predicting Mexican Spotted Owl distribution in Utah for the Colorado Plateau region. The SDM was generated using the following inputs as important habitat variables: elevation, aspect, surface ratio, curvature, slope, geology, and vegetation. Program R was used for model development and generation. The SDM was generated using an ensemble model approach by combining three modeling techniques: random forest, logistic regression, and maximum entropy. This study combines measured habitat characteristics, with sophisticated geographic information system (GIS) tools and SDMs to provide managers with an informative and useful toolkit for Mexican Spotted Owl conservation. Chapter 2 discusses modeling techniques and SDM development. I detail how individual models were constructed using random forest, logistic regression, and maximum entropy and how these were combined into an ensemble model. Final models indicated that several vegetative and geologic characteristics were considered important habitat characteristics for predicting Mexican Spotted Owl presence within the Colorado Plateau. The SDMs produced eight distribution maps predicting Mexican Spotted Owl presence and probability of occurrence in Utah for the Colorado Plateau region. Chapter 3 explains the use of SDMs by managers and synthesizes findings of measured habitat characteristics for southern Utah. For habitat characteristics I measured a combination of vegetative and geologic features within 10m wide belts at current and historic Mexican Spotted Owl sites. Vegetative features measured included: height and species of all trees and shrubs, position of tree or shrub within plot, presence of canopy cover, and tree diameter at breast height (DBH). Geologic features measured included: geologic formation type, wall height, structure type, number of caves, and number of solution cavities. I found that canyon width and density of vegetation > 2.5 m tall were significantly correlated with Mexican Spotted Owl presence.

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Hockenbary, Chad Evan. "Exploring relationships among recreation, habitat type, and Mexican spotted owls on the Colorado Plateau in Southern Utah." Thesis, Montana State University, 2011. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2011/hockenbary/HockenbaryC1211.pdf.

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The Mexican spotted owl (Strix occidentalis lucida) was listed as "threatened" in 1993 by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. In Utah, the spotted owl is associated with rocky canyons that attract high levels of human recreation. Recreation could potentially have negative effects on the owl. I investigated roost behavior, territorial occupancy rates, and reproduction in canyon habitats that differed in recreation level and habitat condition (e.g., xeric versus mesic environments). Surveys were conducted in four areas in Utah: Zion and Capitol Reef National Parks, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, and the Cedar Mesa-Elk Ridge highland. In Chapter 2, I evaluated possible differences in behaviors by fledglings across different levels of recreation. Fledgling diurnal behaviors were dependent on recreation level (P < 0.05). Fledglings in both recreation classes spent approximately = 50% of their time roosting, but fledglings associated with high-recreation territories spent more time in maintenance behaviors (13% vs. 4%) and less time in vigilant behaviors (29% vs. 35%) than did those in low-recreation territories. In Chapter 3, results from a top-ranked regression model indicated potential association between owl site occupancy rates and habitat type, with mesic sites showing higher occupancy than xeric sites in 2008: 0.75 (95% CI = 0.57 - 0.87) and 0.50 (95% CI = 0.27 - 0.73). Recolonization rate was 0.53 (95% CI = 0.28 - 0.76) for mesic sites and 0.10 (95% CI = 0.02 - 0.37) for xeric sites. Extinction rate was constant across years and sites (0.25; 95% CI = 0.15 - 0.39). Detection probability was 0.89 (95% CI = 0.82 - 0.94) across all three years of study. The number of fledglings per pair was greater in 2009 (0.94) than 2008 (0.25) and 2010 (0.50). My results suggest that recreation could have altered diurnal roost behavior of fledglings but was not related to occupancy and reproduction of Mexican spotted owls.

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Schumaker, Nathan H. "Habitat connectivity and spotted owl population dynamics /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5524.

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Gonzales, Armand G. "Northern spotted owl nesting habitat on private timber lands in northwest California /." [Arcata, Calif.] : Humboldt State University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2148/40.

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Yoder, Jonathan Keith. "The effects of spotted owl litigation on national lumber markets." Thesis, Montana State University, 1994. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/1994/yoder/YoderJ1994.pdf.

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Spotted Owl litigation has led to substantial fluctuations in Pacific Northwest public timber availability from 1987 to the present. A theoretical and two distinct empirical models using monthly data are developed to understand and test the potential of this litigation to affect the national market for lumber. The results of an econometric framework indicate that Northwest public timber fluctuations have affected the Northwest lumber industry, but provide no evidence that the effects are felt in other regions of the United States. A time-series approach indicates that the Northwest lumber market is affected by these timber fluctuations, and that regional lumber markets are interdependent, but again, there is no direct evidence that Northwest public timber fluctuations have affected the lumber markets of other regions. Using each of these empirical frameworks, intervention analysis is performed to test the significance of individual litigation events on regional lumber markets. Econometric-model intervention results provide no evidence to suggest that individual litigation events have influenced these markets, but time-series intervention results suggest that lumber prices may have been influenced by some of the litigation in question.

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Books on the topic "Spotted owls"

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Spotted owls. Minneapolis, Minn: Abdo & Daughters Publ., 1997.

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Spotted owl. New York, N.Y: Bearport Pub., 2014.

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Population demography of northern spotted owls. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2011.

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Corn, M. Lynne. Spotted owls and the timber industry. [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1989.

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Silverstein, Alvin. The spotted owl. Brookfield, Conn: Millbrook Press, 1994.

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Hobbs, Jared. Spotted owls: Shadows in an old-growth forest. Vancouver: Greystone Books, 2007.

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Laymon, Stephen A. Habitat suitability index models: Spotted owl. Washington, DC: Western Energy and Land Use Team, Division of Biological Services, Research and Development, Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1985.

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Erickson, Jessie W. Surveying for spotted owls: Wind River Ranger District, Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Carson, Washington. Bellingham, Wash: Western Washington University, 1995.

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George, Jean Craighead. There's an Owl in the Shower. New York, USA: Scholastic, 1997.

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ill, Merrill Christine Herman, ed. There's an owl in the shower. New York: Scholastic, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Spotted owls"

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LaHaye, William S., R. J. Gutiérrez, and Douglas R. Call. "Demography of an Insular Population of Spotted Owls." In Wildlife 2001: Populations, 803–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2868-1_61.

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Franklin, Alan B. "Population Regulation in Northern Spotted Owls: Theoretical Implications for Management." In Wildlife 2001: Populations, 815–27. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2868-1_62.

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Saaty, Thomas L., and Luis G. Vargas. "The Case of the Spotted Owl vs. The Logging Industry." In International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, 257–62. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1665-1_17.

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Nixon, Rob. "Spotted Owls." In When Birds Are Near, 8–19. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501750915.003.0003.

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This chapter looks at the author's experience looking for Mexican spotted owls in Scheelite Canyon in the Huachucas. Like most people living in the United States during the late 1980s and early 1990s, the author had never heard a spotted owl's high-pitched four-note bark. The one-and-a-half pound owl became an inadvertent celebrity. The spotted owl emerged as an indicator species not just of forest health, but of a fevered nation's political temperature. The bird's fate provoked legal fisticuffs between two federal agencies, the Bureau of Land Management and the Fish and Wildlife Service. By the early 1990s, the spotted owl seemed to have migrated opportunistically from the ancient forests it had favored historically to a whole new ecological niche in the federal court system.

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"2. Spotted Owls." In When Birds Are Near, 8–19. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781501750939-005.

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"AUTHORS." In Population Demography of Northern Spotted Owls, vii—x. University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520950597-001.

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"ACKNOWLEDGMENTS." In Population Demography of Northern Spotted Owls, xi—xii. University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520950597-002.

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"STUDY AREAS." In Population Demography of Northern Spotted Owls, 1–8. University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520950597-003.

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"FIELD METHODS." In Population Demography of Northern Spotted Owls, 8–9. University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520950597-004.

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"ANALYTICAL METHODS." In Population Demography of Northern Spotted Owls, 9–19. University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520950597-005.

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Reports on the topic "Spotted owls"

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Johnson, Charles L., and Richard T. Reynolds. Responses of Mexican spotted owls to low-flying military jet aircraft. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-rn-12.

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Guetterman, J. H., J. A. Burns, J. A. Reid, R. B. Horn, and C. C. Foster. Radio telemetry methods for studying spotted owls in the Pacific Northwest. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-272.

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Max, Tlmothy A., Ray A. Souter, and Kathleen A. O'Halloran. Statistical estimators for monitoring spotted owls in Oregon and Washington in 1987. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rp-420.

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Ganey, Joseph L., and William M. Block. Dietary overlap between sympatric Mexican spotted and great horned owls in Arizona. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-rp-57.

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Marcot, Bruce G., and Jack Ward Thomas. Of spotted owls, old growth, and new policies: a history since the Interagency Scientific Committee report. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-408.

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Ganey, Joseph L., and William M. Block. Winter Movements and Range Use of Radio-marked Mexican Spotted Owls: An Evaluation of Current Management Recommendations. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-148.

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Ganey, Joseph L., James P. Ward, and David W. Willey. Status and ecology of Mexican spotted owls in the Upper Gila Mountains recovery unit, Arizona and New Mexico. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-256.

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Ganey, Joseph L., Regis H. Cassidy, and William M. Block. Estimating canopy cover in forest stands used by Mexican spotted owls: Do stand-exam routines provide estimates comparable to field-based techniques? Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-rp-72.

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Gutiérrez, R. J., Patricia N. Manley, and Peter A. Stine. The California spotted owl: current state of knowledge. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/psw-gtr-254.

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Gutiérrez, R. J., Patricia N. Manley, and Peter A. Stine. The California spotted owl: current state of knowledge. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/psw-gtr-254.

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