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Academic literature on the topic 'Spray angle'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Spray angle"

1

Ghaffar, Zulkifli Abdul, Salmiah Kasolang, and Ahmad Hussein Abdul Hamid. "Characteristics of Swirl Effervescent Atomizer Spray Angle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 607 (July 2014): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.607.108.

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In the application of sprays produced by an atomizer, spray angle is one of key performance parameters. A larger spray angle is often required in providing a better spray dispersion. Swirl effervescent atomizer is one of the existing atomizers with the capability to produce a large spray angle. The formation of spray angle from this atomizer however is hardly understood. A newly-designed swirl effervescent atomizer was developed and tested with different swirl-generating vane angle in order to understand the swirl intensity effect on the spray angle. Experiments were carried out based on a cold flow test approach using water as the working fluid and nitrogen gas as the atomizing agent. High-speed shadowgraph technique was deployed to record the resultant sprays produced. Video recordings, acquired using a high-speed video camera, were converted to a sequence of images for further analysis using an image processing software. It was found that the spray angle increases with the swirl-generating vane angle. Specifically, the spray angle shows an abrupt increase for the case of swirl-generating vane angle changing from 30° to 45° but visualizes only a gradual increase in the case of swirl-generating vane angle changing from 45° to 60°.

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Visaria, Milan, and Issam Mudawar. "A Systematic Approach to Predicting Critical Heat Flux for Inclined Sprays." Journal of Electronic Packaging 129, no. 4 (March 26, 2007): 452–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2804095.

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This study provides a new systematic approach to predicting the effects of spray inclination on critical heat flux (CHF). Experiments were performed with three pressure spray nozzles over a broad range of inclination angles at five flow rates and subcoolings of 15°C and 25°C. These experiments also included high-speed video analysis of spray formation, impact, and recoil for a 1.0×1.0cm2 test surface. Inclined sprays produced elliptical impact areas, distorted by lateral liquid flow that provided partial resistance to dryout along the downstream edge of the impact ellipse. These observations are used to determine the locations of CHF commencement along the test surface. A new theoretical model shows that increasing inclination angle away from normal decreases both the spray impact area and the volumetric flux. These trends explain the observed trend of decreasing CHF with increasing inclination angle. Combining the new model with a previous point-based CHF correlation shows great success in predicting the effects of spray inclination on CHF.

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Raghu, P., N. Nallusamy, and Pitchandi Kasivisvanathan. "Spray Characteristics of Diesel and Biodiesel Fuels for Various Injection Timings under Non Evaporating Conditions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 682–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.682.

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Fuel spray and atomization characteristics play a vital role in the performance of internal combustion engines. Petroleum fuels are expected to be depleted within a few decades, finding alternative fuels that are economically viable to replace the petroleum fuel has attracted much research attention. In this work spray characteristics such as spray tip penetration, spray cone angle and spray area were investigated for Karanja oil methyl ester (KOME), Jatropha oil methyl ester (JOME) and diesel fuel. The KOME and JOME sprays were characterized and compared with diesel sprays at different injection timings. The macroscopic spray properties were acquired from the images captured by a high speed video camera employing shadowgraphic and image processing techniques in a spray chamber. The experimental results showed that biodiesel fuels had different features compared with diesel fuel after start of injection (ASOI). Longer spray tip penetration, larger spray area and smaller spray cone angle were observed for biodiesel (JOME, KOME) due to its higher density and viscosity than that of diesel fuel.

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Chen, S. K., A. H. Lefebvre, and J. Rollbuhler. "Factors Influencing the Effective Spray Cone Angle of Pressure-Swirl Atomizers." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 114, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906313.

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The spray cone angles produced by several simplex pressure-swirl nozzles are examined using three liquids whose viscosities range from 0.001 to 0.012 kg/ms (1 to 12 cp). Measurements of both the visible spray cone angle and the effective spray cone angle are carried out over wide ranges of injection pressure and for five different values of the discharge orifice length/diameter ratio. The influence of the number of swirl chamber feed slots on spray cone angle is also examined. The results show that the spray cone angle widens with increase in injection pressure but is reduced by increases in liquid viscosity and/or discharge orifice length/diameter ratio. Variation in the number of swirl chamber feed slots between one and three has little effect on the effective spray cone angle.

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Xie, Kai, Jie Zhang, Changlin Qin, Xiufeng Tan, and Yunjing Cui. "Numerical study on flame and emission characteristics of a small flue gas self-circulation diesel burner with different spray cone angles." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2021): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci201229150x.

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The problems of long flame and high pollution emissions in low-power burners are of wide concern in small heating devices. To solve this problem, a small diesel burner with self-circulation flue gas was designed herein. In order to obtain a deeper scientific understanding of the flame and emission characteristics of the burner with different spray cone angles, a numerical calculation method was used to investigate them. Reasonable flow, heat transfer, and combustion models were selected, and periodic boundary conditions were used to verify the feasibility of the numerical model. The results indicate that the flame length increases with increasing spray cone angle, and then the flame length basically stabilizes at 410 mm. The maximum flame temperature decreases slightly with increasing spray cone angle. Besides this, the NO emission of this small flue gas self-circulation burner decreases with increasing spray cone angle and is as low as 10 ppm at an 80? spray cone angle. In addition, the influence mechanism of the spray cone angle on the flue gas self-circulation ratio was analyzed from the physical aspect of the spray area and the chemical aspect of combustion. This study is of great significance to research on the flame morphology of small flue gas self-circulation burners and the selection of different spray cone angles.

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Bottega and Dongiovanni. "Diesel Spray Macroscopic Parameter Estimation Using a Synthetic Shapes Database." Applied Sciences 9, no. 23 (December 2, 2019): 5248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9235248.

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The paper presents a method for the macroscopic characterization of diesel sprays starting from digital images. Macroscopic spray characterization mainly consists in the definition of two parameters, namely penetration and cone angle. The latter can be evaluated according to many possible definitions, all based on the spray contour that is obtained by means of image thresholding. Therefore, the obtained cone angle value depends on the adopted angle definition and on the used thresholding algorithm. In order to avoid this double dependence, an alternative method has hence been proposed. The algorithm does not require the image thresholding and has an intrinsic cone angle definition. The algorithm takes advantage of principal component analysis technique and allows for a direct estimation of spray penetration and cone angle by comparing the original image with a database made of artificial spray images. In the present work, images coming from two different experiments are analyzed with the proposed method and results are compared with those obtained with a traditional procedure based on the Otsu’s image thresholding and four cone angle definitions.

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Park, Y. K., S. Y. Moon, and C. W. Lee. "Design and development of a new gasoline direct swirl injector." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 216, no. 10 (October 1, 2002): 831–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095440700221600106.

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Numerical and experimental analyses were carried out to design and develop the optimum geometry of a gasoline direct swirl injector. In the numerical analysis, the needle cone angle, swirler inclined angle and needle lift were changed with mass flowrate as design parameters to determine the optimum sizes. The critical sizes of the needle cone angle, swirler inclined angle and needle lift are 140°, 120° and 100 μm respectively. Thus, the optimum sizes may be 130°, 110° and 80 °m respectively. Experiments were performed to observe spray phenomena and to measure the dynamic flowrate, penetration of the spray tip and mainstream, spray angle and the mean drop diameter using an image processing method. The formation of a counter-rotating vortex appears in the steady state as a feature of the high pressure swirl injector spray. The calculated needle cone and swirl inclined angles as well as the cone-type needle reduce the non-swirl and sac volumes of the non-swirl region such that the reduced volumes restrict the penetration of the spray tip. The sizes of the mean drop diameter range from 20μm to 23μm and the spray angles range from 64° to 66°, which satisfy the requirements of a gasoline direct injection engine.

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Chen, Yan, Wen Zhuo Chen, Ken Chen, Jun Yi Shao, and Wei Ming Zhang. "The Influence of Spraying Angle on Robotic Trajectory Planning." Applied Mechanics and Materials 442 (October 2013): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.442.225.

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The influence of roll angle on coating uniformity is analyzed by establishing the formula between the average film thickness and it. The functional relations of coating uniformity to yaw angle and roll angle are obtained by measuring the average film thickness under the diferrent angles. The minor changes of spray angle have little influence on coating uniformity, and the tracking error of robotic spray gun is very small, therefore it can be ignored when studying robotic trajectory planning. The alteration of spraying angle, spraying distance and moving speed of spray gun can lead to the change of coating thickness, so optimized combination of them can improve coating uniformity.

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Majhool, Ahmed Abed Al-Kadhem, and Noor Mohsin Jasim. "Prediction of the Initial Drop Size and Velocity Distribution in the Cold Cryogenic Spray." International Journal of Heat and Technology 38, no. 3 (October 15, 2020): 629–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.380307.

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The polydispersed nature of the spray is captured through the use of probability density functions based on the maximum entropy method to stand for the complete atomization characteristics of spray dynamics. The droplet and velocity size distributions are practical tools for the analysis of sprays cooling. The special benefit of the model is a Eulerian based which is less computationally intensive when compared to models that are based on the Lagrangian approach that tracks droplet parcel. The accuracy of using Lagrangian approach in polydispersed phase is always accurately less than Eulerian approach because it depends on the number of parcels while in Eulerian approach it depends on the proposed continuous distribution function. The main intent of the current work is to evaluate the capability of using the model for the initial predictions of the droplet size and velocity distribution for liquid nitrogen spray of solid-cone pressure swirl nozzle. The use of liquid injection pressure cases of up to 0.6MPa and spray cone angles of just 30◦ from three different sets of experimental data. The results being characterized are spray drop size distribution, liquid volume fraction and spray cone angle values. The unsteady analyses of the effect of injection pressure are studied on the cryogenic liquid nitrogen. The numerical results show that the maximum entropy method applies to liquid cryogenic spray and indicates that the model reacts correctly to changes in different injection pressures. Comparisons are also made with measured drop size distribution data that are reasonably captured and the spray cone angle is found to be in good agreement during initial and far-field spray angles.

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Gaskin, R. E., K. D. Steele, and W. A. Forster. "Characterising plant surfaces for spray adhesion and retention." New Zealand Plant Protection 58 (August 1, 2005): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2005.58.4244.

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A simple measurement of static contact angle of aqueous acetone droplets on surfaces has been developed for characterising leaf surfaces It allows leaves to be compared and grouped by their surface roughness factor and it differentiates between easy difficult and very difficulttowet species This paper describes how the method has been used to survey a large number of plant species including weeds and crops fruit and foliage High contact angles indicate difficulttowet surfaces The quantitative measure of contact angle is a useful tool to predict spray droplet adhesion and rank plant surfaces for retention properties It can also indicate whether surfactant addition is likely to be beneficial for agrochemical sprays targeted at fruit or foliage on different crops Surfactants were most useful for improving spray droplet adhesion and retention on difficulttowet surfaces but results varied with surface wettability surfactant type and concentration and with plant architecture

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spray angle"

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Seidu, Iddrisu. "Analytical and Numerical Validation of Nozzle Spray Measurement Data Obtained from a Newly Developed Production System." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1446504762.

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Mead, Ryan M. "Analysis of Flow in a Spray Nozzle With Emphasis on Exiting Jet Free Surface." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000138.

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Sawant, Namita Ajay. "Deposition patterns of nasal sprays in children." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6636.

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Nasal sprays used for the treatment of cold and allergy symptoms use same device and formulation in children and adults. Owing to the obvious differences in nasal cavity dimensions between adults and children, the performance of nasal sprays products in children needs to be critically assessed. In an effort to evaluate the deposition patterns of nasal sprays administered to children, a nasal cast based on MRI images obtained from a 12-year-old child’s nasal cavity was developed using 3D printing technology. Glycerin-water mixtures providing sprays with a range of plume angles (26° - 62°), along with three additional commercial nasal sprays, were investigated by actuating the device into the cast under controlled conditions. Following spray administration, the cast was disassembled and subjected to image analysis followed by quantification of formulation deposition in each section of the cast using both chemical and image analysis. The results showed that nasal sprays impacted entirely in the anterior region of the 12-year-old child’s nasal cavity and limited amount of spray entered the turbinate region – the effect site for most topical drugs. Additional experiments were conducted to measure the deposition patterns of nasal sprays in the presence of a mucus layer on the surface of the nasal cast. In an effort to make the nasal deposition studies more relevant to human nasal conditions, the mucus coated nasal cast was tilted in order to induce a physical movement of the mucus layer from the anterior region to the nasopharynx. The presence of mucus did not result in a significant increase in the turbinate region deposition but tilting of the mucus coated nasal cast resulted in 20% - 40% deposition in the turbinate region, improving the posterior region deposition of sprays. Even with the enhanced posterior movement nearly 60% of the spray formulations remained in the anterior region, a site with poor absorption characteristics. The computational fluid dynamic simulations evaluated the impact of multiple parameters including plume angle, droplet diameter and administration conditions on the deposition of nasal sprays in the 12-year-old child’s nasal cavity. The simulations showed significant anterior deposition for all plume angles (10° – 50°) and droplet diameters (30 µm – 400 µm) tested, similar to the observations from the in vitro experiments. An additional parameter, the direction of nasal spray actuation in the nasal cavity, was identified as a critical factor improving the turbinate region deposition of sprays in the 12-year-old child’s nasal cavity in spite of the narrow nasal valve region.

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Vulgarakis, Minov Sofija. "Integration of imaging techniques for the quantitative characterization of pesticide sprays." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS068/document.

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Dans les 50 dernières années, les avancées dans le domaine de la protection des plantes ont contribué à augmenter les rendements et à assurer une large production. Facile à utiliser et plutôt bon marché à l’époque, les pesticides ont prouvé leur efficacité. Cependant, quand ils sont appliqués aux cultures, une partie du produit n’atteint pas sa cible et est perdu dans l’air ou au sol. Par conséquent, des efforts ont été consentis pour améliorer leur efficacité et leur innocuité sanitaire, souvent grâce à des lois environnementales internationales. Les produits sont appliqués à partir de matériels combinant type de buse/pression induisant des gammes de vitesses et de tailles de gouttelettes très diverses (Chapitre 2). Une mesure simultanée de ces vitesses et tailles est ainsi d’une grande importance dans le processus de pulvérisation. Il existe de nombreuses méthodes pour la mesure des caractéristiques des gouttelettes qui peuvent être divisées en trois catégories: mécaniques, électriques et optiques. Ces dernières apparaissent comme les plus pertinentes puisqu’étant non invasives et en perturbant donc pas le processus de pulvérisation. Les améliorations récentes dans le domaine du traitement des images et la réduction du coût des systèmes d’imagerie ont ainsi accru l’intérêt des techniques d’imagerie rapide pour les applications agricoles telles que la pulvérisation de pesticides. Cette thèse s’est donc focalisée sur le développement d’une telle technique pour la caractérisation des sprays (micro et macro). Les travaux effectués ont permis de démontrer que les caractéristiques d’un jet de pesticides peuvent être correctement et précisément mesurées par des techniques d’imagerie non-invasives couplées à des traitements spécifiques. Les travaux à venir consisteraient notamment en l’amélioration de la précision des mesures effectuées: précision sub-pixellique, calcul des profondeurs de champ, mesure de particules non sphériques
In recent years, advances in plant protection have contributed considerably to increasing crop yields in a sustainable way. Easy to apply and rather inexpensive, pesticides have proven to be very efficient. However, when pesticides are applied to crops some of the spray may not reach the target, but move outside the intended spray area. This can cause serious economic and environmental problems. Most of the pesticides are applied using agricultural sprayers. These sprayers use hydraulic nozzles which break the liquid into droplets with a wide range of droplet sizes and velocities and determine the spray pattern. Small droplets are prone to wind drift, while large droplets can runoff from the target surface and deposit on the soil. Therefore, efforts are being undertaken to come to a more sustainable use of pesticides which is more and more regulated by international environmental laws. One of the main challenges is to reduce spray losses and maximize spray deposition and efficacy by improving the spray characteristics and the spray application process. Because mechanisms of droplets leaving a hydraulic spray nozzle are very complex and difficult to quantify or model, there is a need for accurate quantification techniques. The recent improvements in digital image processing, sensitivity of imaging systems and cost reduction have increased the interest in high-speed (HS) imaging techniques for agricultural applications in general and for pesticide applications in specific. This thesis focused on the development and application of high speed imaging techniques to measure micro (droplet size and velocity) and macro (spray angle and shape, liquid sheet length) spray characteristics.The general aim was to show that the spray characteristics from agricultural spray nozzles can be measured correctly with the developed imaging techniques in a non-intrusive way. After a review of the spray application process and techniques for spray characterization (Chapter 2), two image acquisition systems were developed in Chapter 3 based on single droplet experiments using a high speed camera and a piezoelectric droplet generator. 58 combinations of lenses, light sources, diffusers, and exposure times were tested using shadowgraph (background) imaging and evaluated based on image quality parameters (signal to noise rate, entropy ratio and contrast ratio), light stability and overexposure ratio and the accuracy of the droplet size measurement. These resulted into development of two image acquisition systems for measuring the macro and micro spray characteristics. The HS camera with a macro video zoom lens at a working distance of 143 mm with a larger field of view (FOV) of 88 mm x 110 mm in combination with a halogen spotlight and a diffuser was selected for measuring the macro spray characteristics (spray angle, spray shape and liquid sheet length). The optimal set-up for measuring micro spray characteristics (droplet size and velocity) consisted of a high speed camera with a 6 μs exposure time, a microscope lens at a working distance of 430 mm resulting in a FOV of 10.5 mm x 8.4 mm, and a xenon light source used as a backlight without diffuser. In Chapter 4 image analysis and processing algorithms were developed for measuring single droplet characteristics (size and velocity) and different approaches for image segmentation were presented. With the set-up for micro spray characterization and using these dedicated image analysis algorithms (Chapter 4), measurements using a single droplet generator in droplet on demand (DOD) and continuous mode were performed in Chapter 5. The effects of the operating parameters, including voltage pulse width and pulse amplitude with 4 nozzle orifice sizes (261 μm, 123 μm, 87 μm and 67 μm) on droplet diameter and droplet velocity have been characterized (...)

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Hong, Chin Tung. "Analysis of flow in a 3D chamber and a 2D spray nozzle to approximate the exiting jet free surface." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000560.

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Iost, Cristina Abi Rached [UNESP]. "Efeito de adjuvantes nas propriedades físico-químicas da água e na redução de deriva em pulverizações sobre diferentes espécies de plantas daninhas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97153.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-02-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:58:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 iost_car_me_botfca.pdf: 1768880 bytes, checksum: 15165f8112f914fcc04feae599644f1d (MD5)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de adjuvantes sobre algumas propriedades de soluções aquosas, como tamanho de gotas, tensão superficial dinâmica e ângulo de contato das gotas em diferentes superfícies, natural e artificial, bem como avaliar o efeito desses produtos sobre a deposição e a deriva utilizando como alvo três espécies de plantas daninhas (Euphorbia heterophylla, Ipomoea grandifolia e Brachiaria plantaginea). Seis formulações de adjuvantes (Antideriva®, Uno®, Pronto 3®, Li-700®, Supersil® e Silwet L-77®) foram avaliadas em soluções aquosas contendo a dose recomendada do produto comercial e o dobro dela. As avaliações de tamanho de gotas foram feitas com três diferentes pontas de pulverização (AXI 110 015, 110 02 e 110 03) por um equipamento a laser (Mastersizer, Malvern) na pressão de trabalho de 414 kPa. Os ângulos de contato formados pelas gotas em duas superfícies, uma hidrofílica (vidro) e outra hidrofóbica (óxido de alumínio), foram obtidos por análise de imagens capturadas por uma câmera digital. As avaliações de deposição e deriva das soluções aquosas associadas ou não aos adjuvantes e contendo o traçador azul brilhante (0,15% v/v), foram feitas sobre diferentes espécies vegetais, e com o auxílio de coletores laterais (placas de Petri). A quantificação do traçador foi por feita espectrofotometria. A tensão superficial dinâmica e o ângulo de contato formado sobre as superfícies adaxiais das folhas foram medidos por um tensiômetro. Em relação ao tamanho de gotas, o adjuvante Antideriva, com dobro da dose recomendada, foi o que apresentou os menores valores percentuais de volume de gotas com diâmetro menor que 100 µm e os maiores DMV, para todas as pontas em teste. As soluções que proporcionaram as maiores...
The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of adjuvants on droplet size, dynamic surface tension and contact angle formed by the water drops in different surfaces, as well as evaluating the adjuvants effect on the deposit and the spray drift using three species of plants (Euphorbia heterophylla, Ipomoea grandifolia e Brachiaria plantaginea). We studied six adjuvants formulations (Antideriva , Uno , Pronto 3 , Li- 700 , Supersil and Silwet L-77 ) in water solution using the dosage recommended by the manufacturer and twice that dose. The droplet size of three different nozzles (AXI 110 015, 110 02 and 110 03), for a constant pressure of 414 kPa, were evaluated by a laser system. The contact angles of the drops in two surfaces (hydrophilic and hydrophobic) were obtained by the analysis of images captured by a digital camera. The evaluation of deposition and spray drift deposition of the solutions containing brilliant-blue dye (0.15 % v/v) were carried out in different plant species. The solutions were collected laterally using Petri dishes, and the brilliant-blue dye content quantified by absorption spectroscopy. The dynamic surface tension and the angle formed on the surfaces of the leaves were measured by a tensiometer. Regarding the droplet size, for all the nozzles tested the adjuvant Antideriva with twice the recommended dose presented the lowest percentage of spray volume in droplets with diameters smaller than 100µm, and highest VMD. The solutions that provided the highest reductions in the dynamic surface tension and the smallest contact angle were the ones with the adjuvants Silwet L-77 and Supersil for both appraised doses. The largest deposit average for I. grandifolia was obtained by using Uno with double of the dose; for B. ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Mandal, Anirban. "Computational Modeling of Non-Newtonian Fluid Flow in Simplex Atomizer." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1202997834.

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Huang, Tianxiao. "Hydrophobic Coating on Cellulosic Textile Material by Betulin and a Betulin Based Polymer." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-53446.

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Betulin is a naturally abundant compound in the outer bark of birch and can be easily obtained by solvent extraction. Herein, solutions of betulin were used to treat cellulosic textile fibers and improve their water repellency. Cotton fabrics impregnated in a 7.5 g L-1 solution of betulin in ethanol showed the highest water contact angle of about 153° while the impregnation in a 3.75 g L-1 solution resulted in a close effect. A terephthaloyl chloride-betulin copolymer was synthesized and dissolved in tetrahydrofuran to afford a solution with a concentration of 3.75 g L-1. The cotton fabric impregnated in this solution showed a water contact angle of 150°. Changes in morphology of the cellulose fibers before and after the treatment were observed by scanning electron microscopy, and the water repellency was measured by a standard spray test. The marketing strategy of the potential product, which will be developed based on this technique, was discussed.

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Adams, Ellen M. "Spectroscopic Studies of Atmospherically- and Biologically-Relevant Interfaces: Lipids, Ions, and Interfacial Water Structure." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1480608026126993.

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Iost, Cristina Abi Rached 1982. "Efeito de adjuvantes nas propriedades físico-químicas da água e na redução de deriva em pulverizações sobre diferentes espécies de plantas daninhas /." Botucatu : [s.d. ], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97153.

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Orientador: Carlos Gilberto Raetano
Banca: Ulisses Rocha Antuniassi
Banca: Cristina Gonçalves de Mendonça
Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de adjuvantes sobre algumas propriedades de soluções aquosas, como tamanho de gotas, tensão superficial dinâmica e ângulo de contato das gotas em diferentes superfícies, natural e artificial, bem como avaliar o efeito desses produtos sobre a deposição e a deriva utilizando como alvo três espécies de plantas daninhas (Euphorbia heterophylla, Ipomoea grandifolia e Brachiaria plantaginea). Seis formulações de adjuvantes (Antideriva®, Uno®, Pronto 3®, Li-700®, Supersil® e Silwet L-77®) foram avaliadas em soluções aquosas contendo a dose recomendada do produto comercial e o dobro dela. As avaliações de tamanho de gotas foram feitas com três diferentes pontas de pulverização (AXI 110 015, 110 02 e 110 03) por um equipamento a laser (Mastersizer, Malvern) na pressão de trabalho de 414 kPa. Os ângulos de contato formados pelas gotas em duas superfícies, uma hidrofílica (vidro) e outra hidrofóbica (óxido de alumínio), foram obtidos por análise de imagens capturadas por uma câmera digital. As avaliações de deposição e deriva das soluções aquosas associadas ou não aos adjuvantes e contendo o traçador azul brilhante (0,15% v/v), foram feitas sobre diferentes espécies vegetais, e com o auxílio de coletores laterais (placas de Petri). A quantificação do traçador foi por feita espectrofotometria. A tensão superficial dinâmica e o ângulo de contato formado sobre as superfícies adaxiais das folhas foram medidos por um tensiômetro. Em relação ao tamanho de gotas, o adjuvante Antideriva, com dobro da dose recomendada, foi o que apresentou os menores valores percentuais de volume de gotas com diâmetro menor que 100 µm e os maiores DMV, para todas as pontas em teste. As soluções que proporcionaram as maiores ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of adjuvants on droplet size, dynamic surface tension and contact angle formed by the water drops in different surfaces, as well as evaluating the adjuvants effect on the deposit and the spray drift using three species of plants (Euphorbia heterophylla, Ipomoea grandifolia e Brachiaria plantaginea). We studied six adjuvants formulations (Antideriva, Uno, Pronto 3, Li- 700, Supersil and Silwet L-77) in water solution using the dosage recommended by the manufacturer and twice that dose. The droplet size of three different nozzles (AXI 110 015, 110 02 and 110 03), for a constant pressure of 414 kPa, were evaluated by a laser system. The contact angles of the drops in two surfaces (hydrophilic and hydrophobic) were obtained by the analysis of images captured by a digital camera. The evaluation of deposition and spray drift deposition of the solutions containing brilliant-blue dye (0.15 % v/v) were carried out in different plant species. The solutions were collected laterally using Petri dishes, and the brilliant-blue dye content quantified by absorption spectroscopy. The dynamic surface tension and the angle formed on the surfaces of the leaves were measured by a tensiometer. Regarding the droplet size, for all the nozzles tested the adjuvant Antideriva with twice the recommended dose presented the lowest percentage of spray volume in droplets with diameters smaller than 100µm, and highest VMD. The solutions that provided the highest reductions in the dynamic surface tension and the smallest contact angle were the ones with the adjuvants Silwet L-77 and Supersil for both appraised doses. The largest deposit average for I. grandifolia was obtained by using Uno with double of the dose; for B. ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Books on the topic "Spray angle"

1

Characterization of the inlet combustion air in NIST's reference spray combustion facility: Effect of vane angle and Reynolds number. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2000.

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Rao, Charagundla S., Presser Gary, and National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), eds. Characterization of the inlet combustion air in NIST's reference spray combustion facility: Effect of vane angle and Reynolds number. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2000.

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Rao, Charagundla S., Presser Gary, and National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), eds. Characterization of the inlet combustion air in NIST's reference spray combustion facility: Effect of vane angle and Reynolds number. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2000.

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Effects of adhesive spray and prewrap on taped ankle inversion before and after exercise. 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Spray angle"

1

Clint Hoffmann, W., Bradley K. Fritz, William E. Bagley, Greg R. Kruger, Ryan S. Henry, and Zbigniew Czaczyk. "Effects of Nozzle Spray Angle on Droplet Size and Velocity." In Pesticide Formulation and Delivery Systems: 33rd Volume, “Sustainability: Contributions from Formulation Technology”, 139–50. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp156920120131.

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Henry, R. S., G. R. Kruger, B. K. Fritz, W. C. Hoffmann, and W. E. Bagley. "Measuring the Effect of Spray Plume Angle on the Accuracy of Droplet Size Data." In Pesticide Formulation and Delivery Systems: 33rd Volume, “Sustainability: Contributions from Formulation Technology”, 129–38. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp156920120130.

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Mahottamananda, Sri Nithya, D. N. Dilli Babu, and P. N. Kadiresh. "Effect of Number of Inlet Tangential Ports and Their Angle on Spray Characteristics of Plug Type Swirl Injector." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 139–49. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6619-6_15.

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Zhang, Zheng, Debbie Hwee Leng Seng, Tzee Luai Meng, Siew Lang Teo, Zhi-Qian Zhang, Boon Hee Tan, Qizhong Loi, and Jisheng Pan. "Effects of Spray Angle on Mass, Thickness, Porosity & Residual Stress in Cold-Sprayed Ti-6Al-4V Coatings." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 146–49. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5763-4_32.

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Eargle, John M. "Splay Angles and Separation for Various Near-Coincident Stereo Microphone Arrays." In Electroacoustical Reference Data, 166–67. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2027-6_81.

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Ellerbrock, D. F., Y. G. Tsuei, and A. I. Behbahani. "CHARACTERIZATION OF WIDE-ANGLE SPRAY NOZZLES FOR USE IN ACCELERATED COOLING OF HOT STEEL BODIES." In Proceedings of the Metallurgical Society of the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 147–57. Elsevier, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-035770-6.50015-5.

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Tandy, L. M. Flores, J. J. Pérez Bueno, and Y. Meas Vong. "Multifunctional Polymer/Nano-TiO2 Photochromic Hybrid Coatings as a Barrier for Protection against Corrosion." In Handbook of Research on Diverse Applications of Nanotechnology in Biomedicine, Chemistry, and Engineering, 640–65. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6363-3.ch030.

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This chapter shows results related to synthesizing hybrid materials composed of polymer matrix/nano-TiO2, which possesses a photochromic property under UV irradiation. The synthesized TiO2 was amorphous, but, for the hybrid photochromic response, the required illumination is that with the same or superior energy than semiconductor bandgap. Moreover, the photochromism requires OH proportionate to preparing within an alcohol, and by releasing them by temperature, the color change resulted permanent. The hybrid materials were prepared as coatings, which display multifunctional characteristics. The polymeric matrix was proven with different kinds of organic polymers and solvents. This phenomenon was investigated through Salt Spray Test, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, HRTEM, SEM, Reflectance, Fluorescence, Contact Angle, and EPR. The capacity to act as a barrier for corrosion protection was investigated. Finally, the hybrid material is proposed as an indicator for applications in engineering.

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Kadarkaraithangam, Jeyasubramanian, Thangaiyanadar Suyambulingam Gokul Raja, Silambuselvan Parani Bramma Nayagi, and Karthikeyan Krishnamoorthy. "Nanostructured Materials for the Development of Superhydrophobic Coatings." In Novel Nanomaterials. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96320.

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This chapter describes the results of developing superhydrophobic coatings using porous ZnO nanostructures impregnated metal stearates and their applications. The porous ZnO nanostructures with a surface area of 9.7 m2/g and pores in the range from 200 to 400 nm have been prepared via precipitation cum calcination route. The superhydrophobic coatings comprising ZnO/metal stearate film have been deposited using a spray coating method. The developed superhydrophobic films possess a water contact angle of 161° that can be explained using the Cassie-Baxter model. The prepared films exhibited excellent floating properties and high load-bearing characteristics over a prolonged time. Additionally, the self-cleaning properties of the developed superhydrophobic films towards dust removal and self-cleaning urinary coatings are also demonstrated. This chapter collectively presented the novel applications of superhydrophobic coating in the development of biomedical coatings and applications in water surveillance and underwater robotics.

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Mark, James E., Dale W. Schaefer, and Gui Lin. "Introduction." In The Polysiloxanes. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195181739.003.0003.

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Polysiloxanes are unique among inorganic and semi-inorganic polymers; they are also the most studied and the most important with regard to commercial applications. Thus, it’s not surprising that there is an extensive literature describing the synthesis, properties, and applications of these materials, including books, proceedings books, sections of books or encyclopedias, review articles, and historical articles. The purpose of this volume is not to give a comprehensive overview of these polymers but rather to focus on some novel and interesting aspects of polysiloxane science and engineering, including properties, work in progress, and important unsolved problems. The Si-O backbone endows polysiloxanes with a variety of intriguing properties. The strength of the Si-O bond, for example, imparts considerable thermal stability, which is important for high-temperature applications (e.g., as heat-transfer agents and high-performance elastomers). The nature of the bonding and the chemical characteristics of typical side groups impart low surface free energy and therefore desirable surface properties. Polysiloxanes, for example, are used as mold-release agents, waterproofing sprays, and biomedical materials. Structural features of the chains give rise to physical properties that are also of considerable scientific interest. For example, the substituted Si atom and the unsubstituted O atom differ greatly in size, giving the chain a nonuniform cross section. This characteristic affects the way the chains pack in the bulk, amorphous state, which explains the unusual equation-of-state properties (such as compressibility). Also, the bond angles around the O atom are much larger than those around the Si, which makes the planar all trans form of the chain approximate a series of closed polygons, as illustrated in figure 1.1. As a result, siloxane chains exhibit a number of interesting configurational characteristics that impact properties and associated applications. The major categories of homopolymers and copolymers to be discussed are (i) linear siloxane polymers -SiRR’O-] (with various alkyl and aryl R,R’ side groups), (ii) sesquisiloxane polymers possibly having a ladder structure, (iii) siloxane-silarylene polymers [–Si(CH3)2OSi(CH3)2(C6H4)m –] (where the skeletal phenylene units are either meta or para), (iv) silalkylene polymers [–Si(CH3)2(CH2)m–], and (v) random and block copolymers, and blends of some of the above.

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Conference papers on the topic "Spray angle"

1

Chao, Feng, Zhang Chengsheng, Kong Fanyu, and Wang Jing. "Effects of spray height and spray angle on spray deposition in tobacco plants." In 2011 6th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciea.2011.5975993.

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Schwarzkopf, J., T. Cader, K. Okamoto, B. Q. Li, and B. Ramaprian. "Effect of Spray Angle in Spray Cooling Thermal Management of Electronics." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56414.

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The paper presents an experimental and numerical study of the effect of spray angle on spray cooling when applied in the thermal management of electronics. A thermal test chip provided the heated target, and was cooled by a single pressure swirl atomizer. A perfluorocarbon (PF5060) was employed as the coolant. The coolant was subcooled to a fixed level of 26° C, and was sprayed directly onto the heated target at a fixed flow rate of 22 ml/min. The spray angle was varied between 0 and 60 degrees, and the outlet of the atomizer was located at a fixed radius of 1.4 cm from the heated target. The model of Mudawar and Estes (1996) was also modified to account for the effect of spray angle, then used to assist in interpretation of the experimental data. In an effort to estimate the heat transfer characteristics, an inverse heat transfer algorithm is developed. A direct finite element model is applied with estimated heat flux distributions to simulate the thermal field in the test microchip for various cooling conditions. Experimental results are presented for a number of cases and compared with the model’s predictions. The experimental data and model both showed that cooling capability dropped off when spray angle exceeded 50 degrees.

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Fukanuma, H., and Y. Huang. "Splat Formation in Off-Normal Angle Spray." In ITSC 2000, edited by Christopher C. Berndt. ASM International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2000p0767.

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Abstract This article examines the splat shape at off-normal angles in plasma spray and investigates the relationship between the splat elongation ratio and the spray angle on various spray materials and particle sizes. The applicability of the model to the experimental results is investigated. In this study, six powders of aluminum, copper, and nickel as metal spray materials and of alumina, titania, and zirconia as oxide materials were sprayed. It was observed that the model agreed well with the elongation ratio of the experimental results in the range between 90 and 30 degree. The model values were over-estimated than the practical results at spray angles less than 15 degree.

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Shaiful, A. I. M., Muhammad Roslan Rahim, and Mohammad Nazri Mohd Jaafar. "Spray angle characteristics of carotino-diesel blends." In PROCEEDINGS OF GREEN DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE 2020. AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0044578.

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Guo, Yongxian, Jianyuan Jia, Weidong Wang, and Shaorong Zhou. "Nozzle Track and CHF Prediction of Spray Cooling for Inclined Sprays." In ASME 2008 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the Fluids Engineering, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2008-56474.

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The tracks of the nozzles were studied during spray cooling with different inclination angles, based on the study of Visaria [1,2] and the critical heat flux (CHF) criterion, which means that CHF will be achieved when the spray is configured on the condition that the spray impact area just inscribes a square test surface. The predictions of the tracks of the nozzles were made. It indicates that the nozzle tracks are parts of some ellipses as keeping the four borderline of the square test surface being the tangent line of the elliptical spray impact area. A new CHF model was established and new expression of CHF was derived based on the nozzle track model and the study of Visaria. The effects of spray inclination angle on CHF were predicted. Three different nozzles with different cone angles and volume flux were used. Simulation results indicate that CHF increases slightly with increasing inclination angle. The maximum difference of CHF of the three nozzles is about 13.1%. One reason for the difference between the established model and the results derived by Visaria is attributed to the difference of the spray impact area.

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Rahman, Muhammad, Ryan Mead, Chin Hong, Lanchao Lin, and Rengasamy Ponnappan. "Numerical Analysis of Spray Nozzle for Predicting Spray Cone Angle and Pressure Drop." In 2nd International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-5613.

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Nesbitt, Jaclyn E., Jeffrey D. Naber, and Seong-Young Lee. "Characterizing Diesel Fuel Spray Cone Angle From Back-Scattered Imaging by Fitting Gaussian Profiles to Radial Spray Intensity Distributions." In ASME 2011 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2011-60034.

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Quantifying fuel spray properties including penetration, cone angle, and vaporization processes sheds light on fuel-air mixing phenomenon which governs subsequent combustion and emissions formation in diesel engines. Accurate experimental determination of these spray properties is a challenge but imperative to validate computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models for combustion prediction. This study proposes a new threshold independent method for determination of spray cone angle when using Mie back-scattering optical diagnostics to visualize diesel sprays in an optically accessible constant volume vessel. Test conditions include the influence of charge density (17.6 and 34.9 kg/m3) at 1990 bar injection pressure, and the influence of injection pressure (990, 1370, and 1980 bar) at a charge density of 34.8 kg/m3 on diesel fuel spray formation from a multi-hole injector into nitrogen at a temperature of 100°C. Conventional thresholding to convert an image to black and white for processing and determination of cone angle is threshold subjective. As an alternative, an image processing method was developed which fits a Gaussian curve to the intensity distribution of the spray at radial spray cross-sections and uses the resulting parameters to define the spray edge and hence cone angle. This Gaussian curve fitting methodology is shown to provide a robust method for cone angle determination, accounting for reductions in intensity at the radial spray edge. Results are presented for non-vaporizing sprays using this Gaussian curve fitting method and compared to the conventional thresholding based method.

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Kastengren, A. L., C. F. Powell, K. S. Im, Y. J. Wang, and J. Wang. "Measurement of Biodiesel Blend and Conventional Diesel Spray Structure Using X-Ray Radiography." In ASME 2008 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2008-1646.

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The near-nozzle structure of several non-evaporating biodiesel blend sprays has been studied using x-ray radiography. Radiography allows quantitative measurements of the fuel distribution in sprays to be made with high temporal and spatial resolution. Measurements have been made at different values of injection pressure, ambient density, and with two different nozzle geometries to understand the influences of these parameters on the spray structure of the biodiesel blend. These measurements have been compared to corresponding measurements of Viscor, a diesel calibration fluid, to demonstrate the fuel effects on the spray structure. Generally, the biodiesel blend spray has a similar structure to the spray of Viscor. For the nonhydroground nozzle used in this study, the biodiesel blend spray has a slightly slower penetration into the ambient gas than the Viscor spray. The cone angle of the biodiesel blend spray is generally smaller than that of the Viscor spray, indicating that the biodiesel blend spray is denser than the Viscor spray. For the hydroground nozzle, both fuels produce sprays with initially wide cone angles that transition to narrow sprays during the steady-state portion of the injection event. These variations in cone angle with time are timed later for the biodiesel blend spray than for the Viscor spray, indicating that the dynamics of the injector needle as it opens are somewhat different for the two fuels.

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Ren, Zhaohui, Yuan Hao, and Bingcheng Wang. "Experimental Analysis on Spiral Pressure Nozzle and Spray Angle Control in the Spray Dryer." In information Services (ICICIS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicis.2011.47.

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Ghate, Kushal, and Thirumalachari Sundararajan. "Influence of Convergence Angle on Hollow Cone Spray Characteristics." In THE 6th NTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FLUID FLOW, HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER. Avestia Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/ffhmt19.175.

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