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1

Dadhich, R. K., R. S. Meena, M. L. Reager, and B. C. Kansotia. "Response of bio-regulators to yield and quality of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czernj. and Cosson) under different irrigation environments." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i1.562.

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A field study was conducted during rabi seasons of 2008 and 2009 to evaluated of productivity of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) by foliar spray of bio-regulators under different irrigation environments. Amongst treatments, the application of sufficient irrigation water (four irrigations) recorded the highest number siliqua per plant, higher number of seeds per siliqua, 1000 seed weight and yields as compared to all other irrigation treatments. Results show that an increased in seed yield of 92.40 and 39.37 % under sufficient irrigation and limitedwater condition in 2008 and 93.34% and 40.
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2

Gribanova, S. V., V. G. Yankova, I. L. Udyanskaya, V. Yu Grigoryeva, T. K. Slonskaya, A. A. Zhukova, and I. D. Parfenov. "Comparison of spray capacities of throat sprays containing hexethidine." Infekcionnye bolezni 19, no. 1 (2021): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-1-144-148.

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We compared two metered-dose local sprays containing hexethidine: Maxicold LOR and StopanginTeva. We evaluated the parameters reflecting spray quality, including reproducibility of the dose mass and the irrigation area on planar simulation models. Both sprays demonstrated almost equal high reproducibility of the dose mass. The spray width of Maxicold LOR was larger than that of StopanginTeva, while the spray patterns and reproducibility of print area on the simulation model were similar for both sprays. Key words: hexetidine, metered-dose local sprays, sore throat, simulation model, reproducib
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Angotoeva, I. B., Ya G. Starunova, D. P. Polyakov, and A. K. Vinnikov. "A comparative study of different methods of irrigation therapy in adults and children." Medical Council, no. 20 (November 14, 2018): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2018-20-70-75.

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Irrigation therapy is currently an integral part of the prevention and treatment of various ENT diseases. In and amongst all the variety of drugs of irrigation therapy, intranasal sprays are the most widely available. The article presents a comparative study of the intranasal spray characteristics. The advantages of using Marimer spray include minimal discomfort, jet sensation; the spray gets into the nasopharynx, but does not cause the Eustachian tube dysfunction.
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Moffa, Antonio, Andrea Costantino, Vittorio Rinaldi, Lorenzo Sabatino, Eleonora Maria Consiglia Trecca, Peter Baptista, Paolo Campisi, Michele Cassano, and Manuele Casale. "Nasal Delivery Devices: A Comparative Study on Cadaver Model." BioMed Research International 2019 (March 28, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4602651.

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Nasal nebulization is a more effective method of delivering topical medication than nasal spray. The purpose of this study was to assess the deposition patterns of nebulization in delivering topical agents to the nasal cavities in the human cadaveric model using a color-based method. We have compared these following nasal devices: single-dose vial irrigation, syringe-irrigation, common nasal spray, Spray-sol, MAD nasal, and Rinowash nasal douche. Endoscopic images were recorded at six anatomical regions prior to and following each nasal device application and four reviewers evaluated the amoun
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5

Weatherhead, E. K., and J. W. Knox. "Peak Demands from Spray Irrigation." Water and Environment Journal 11, no. 4 (August 1997): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1997.tb00133.x.

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6

Makkaew, P., M. Miller, H. J. Fallowfield, and N. J. Cromar. "Microbial risk in wastewater irrigated lettuce: comparing Escherichia coli contamination from an experimental site with a laboratory approach." Water Science and Technology 74, no. 3 (June 6, 2016): 749–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.237.

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This study assessed the contamination of Escherichia coli, in lettuce grown with treated domestic wastewater in four different irrigation configurations: open spray, spray under plastic sheet cover, open drip and drip under plastic sheet cover. Samples of lettuce from each irrigation configuration and irrigating wastewater were collected during the growing season. No E. coli was detected in lettuce from drip irrigated beds. All lettuce samples from spray beds were positive for E. coli, however, no statistical difference (p > 0.05) was detected between lettuces grown in open spray or cov
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Wang, Xue, Kai Li, and Xiao Lei Qin. "The Planning and Economic Benefit Analysis on the Micro Spray Irrigation Construction of the Greenhouses." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 1677–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.1677.

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The typical area in Ningbo of China was chosen to conduct the micro spray irrigation construction, and the related economic benefit was analyzed. Results showed that: 776 000 yuan would be cost to construct the micro spray irrigation project in tobacco fields with the area of 350 mu; after the micro spray irrigation program put into use, the income of the area would increase 218 500 yuan per year; the calculated EIRR was 19.5%, the calculated ENPV was 997 100 yuan, and the calculated EBCR was 1.86, from the economical angle, the project was reasonable and practicable. The results could provide
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8

Prabhakaran, N. K., and A. C. Lourduraj. "Effect of integrated management of irrigation, composted coir pith and nutrients on the growth and yield of soybean (Glycine max L.Merr.)." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 51, no. 2 (July 1, 2003): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.51.2003.2.6.

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Field experiments were conducted during the summer (February-May) and south west monsoon (June-September) seasons of 1996 and 1997 at the Aliyarnagar Agricultural Research Station of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, India, to study the growth and yield of soybean in response to irrigation, composted coir pith, time of N, P, K application and use of a nutrient mixture spray. The results revealed that irrigation at 0.90 IW/CPE [ratio of Irrigation Water Depth (IW) to Cumulative Pan Evaporation (CPE)], the application of composted coir pith and the split application of N, P and K in conjunctio
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9

Paul, S., TS Roy, R. Chakraborty, M. Roy, and SC Sarker. "Growth Performance of Lentil by the Effect of Irrigation and Boron Splitting Asfoliar Application." Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 22, no. 2 (June 16, 2020): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/baj.v22i2.47642.

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A field experiment was conducted for evaluating the effect of irrigation and boron splitting as foliar spray on growth and yield of lentil at the Research Field of the Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka from November, 2018 to March, 2019.Three levels of irrigation viz., I0: control, I1: one irrigation at 25 days after sowing (DAS), I2: two irrigations at 25 DAS and 40 DAS and boron was applied by four levels viz., B0: control, B1: 80% recommended dose as basal + rest 20% as foliar spray (FS) at pre-flowering (PF), B2: 60% RD as basal + rest 40% as FS at PF, B3
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10

SOLOMON, ETHAN B., CATHERINE J. POTENSKI, and KARL R. MATTHEWS. "Effect of Irrigation Method on Transmission to and Persistence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Lettuce." Journal of Food Protection 65, no. 4 (April 1, 2002): 673–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-65.4.673.

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In this study, the transmission of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to lettuce plants through spray and surface irrigation was demonstrated. For all treatments combined, the number of plants testing positive following a single exposure to E. coli O157: H7 through spray irrigation (29 of 32 plants) was larger than the number testing positive following surface irrigation (6 of 32 plants). E. coli O157:H7 persisted on 9 of 11 plants for 20 days following spray irrigation with contaminated water. Immersion of harvested lettuce heads for 1 min in a 200 ppm chlorine solution did not eliminate all E. coli O1
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Gunawardena, T. A., D. McGarry, J. B. Robinson, and D. M. Silburn. "Deep drainage through Vertosols in irrigated fields measured with drainage lysimeters." Soil Research 49, no. 4 (2011): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr10198.

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Rising groundwater and salinity are potential risks across irrigated agricultural landscapes. Water is scarce in many areas that will benefit from efficient water use. Excessive deep drainage (DD, mm) beneath irrigated crops is undesirable because it may cause salinity and decrease water-use efficiency. Nine irrigated, commercial cotton fields (eight furrow-irrigated and one spray, lateral-move irrigated) were selected in the upper Murray–Darling Basin, on Vertosols with a wide range of clay contents (38–75%). The lysimeters used, described as ‘confined, undisturbed, constant tension, non-weig
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12

Augusto, J., and T. B. Brenneman. "Implications of fungicide application timing and post-spray irrigation on disease control and peanut yield." Peanut Science 38, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/ps10-11.1.

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Abstract Applying fungicides at night when the leaves are folded and using irrigation water after application have both been shown to increase deposition of fungicides in the lower plant canopy, improve control of stem rot (caused by Sclerotium rolfsii), and increase peanut (Arachis hypogaea) yield. To evaluate the interactive effects of these two practices, four applications of a protectant fungicide, chlorothalonil (1.26 kg a.i./ha), or a systemic, prothioconazole + tebuconazole (0.23 kg a.i./ha), tebuconazole (0.21 kg a.i./ha), flutolanil + propiconazole (0.45 kg a.i./ha), pyraclostrobin (0
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13

Al-mana, Fahed A., and David J. Beattie. "The Response of `Tifway' Bermudagrass to Growth Retardants as Charged-hydrophilic Polymers or Foliar Spray under Two Irrigation Systems." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 521B—521. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.521b.

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A study of applying growth retardants under overhead and subsurface irrigation systems was conducted on bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. cv. Tifway) grown from rhizomes in 15-cm pots containing sand medium. Paclobutrazol (50%) at 2 mg/pot was used as foliar spray or charged-hydrophilic polymers (Super Sorb C) and either incorporated or put below medium surface. Mefluidide (28%) at 0.01% ml/pot was used only as foliar spray. Before spray treatments, grasses were cut at 2 cm from medium surface, and the second cut was made at the 6th week from treatment. All growth retardant treatments reduced
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14

Sumbayak, Raka Daniel Lihardo, and Anas Dinurrohman Susila. "Spray Hose Irrigation System Increased Yield of Polyethylene Mulched Shallot." Journal of Tropical Crop Science 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.5.2.49-54.

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Spray hose is a micro-irrigation system using perforated hose as for micro irrigation. Shallot conventional cultivation requires lots of water and labor man days therefore is more efficient. Shallot cultivation system needs to be developed to increase yield and to reduce production cost. This research was conducted to compare conventional cultivation methods with using Spray hose and polyethylene mulch for shallot production. This research was conducted in a hydromorphic alluvial soil type at the Center for Tropical Horticulture Studies Field Station in Kersana, Brebes, Central Java (S 6 o, 55
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15

Schneider, Arland D., and Terry A. Howell. "LEPA and Spray Irrigation for Grain Crops." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 125, no. 4 (July 1999): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1999)125:4(167).

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16

Kenneth H. Solomon, Dennis C. Kincaid, and James C. Bezdek. "Drop Size Distributions for Irrigation Spray Nozzles." Transactions of the ASAE 28, no. 6 (1985): 1966–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.32550.

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17

Jiang, Wu, Chen, Tian, Zhang, and Xu. "Sulfoxaflor Applied via Drip Irrigation Effectively Controls Cotton Aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover)." Insects 10, no. 10 (October 14, 2019): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10100345.

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Aphis gossypii Glover is a major pest of cotton and can severely affect cotton yield and lint quality. In this study, the efficacy of sulfoxaflor applied via drip irrigation and foliar spray on controlling cotton aphids was evaluated in 2016 and 2017 in Xinjiang, China. The distribution of sulfoxaflor in cotton roots, stems, leaves, and aphids, as well as its effects on two natural enemies of aphids, were also investigated. Results showed that sulfoxaflor applied through drip irrigation mainly concentrated in leaves and provided effective control of cotton aphids for 40 days, compared to 20 da
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18

Wu, B. M., K. V. Subbarao, A. H. C. van Bruggen, and S. T. Koike. "Comparison of Three Fungicide Spray Advisories for Lettuce Downy Mildew." Plant Disease 85, no. 8 (August 2001): 895–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.8.895.

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Lettuce growers in coastal California have relied mainly on protective fungicide sprays to control downy mildew. Thus, timing of sprays before infection is critical for optimal results. A leaf-wetness-driven, infection-based advisory system, previously developed, did not always perform satisfactorily. In this study, the advisory system was modified by incorporating a pathogen survival component (system 1) or both survival and sporulation components (system 2). These systems were then evaluated in commercial lettuce fields in coastal California during 1996-1998. Three or four treatments were ca
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Elad, Yigal, Ziv Nisan, Ziv Kleinman, Dalia Rav-David, and Uri Yermiyahu. "Effects of Microelements on Downy Mildew (Peronospora belbahrii) of Sweet Basil." Plants 10, no. 9 (August 28, 2021): 1793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10091793.

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We recently demonstrated that spraying or irrigating with Ca, Mg and K reduces the severity of sweet basil downy mildew (SBDM). Here, the effects of Mn, Zn, Cu and Fe on SBDM were tested in potted plants. The effects of Mn and Zn were also tested under semi-commercial and commercial-like field conditions. Spray applications of a mixture of EDTA-chelated microelements (i.e., Fe-EDTA, Mn-EDTA, Zn-EDTA, Cu-EDTA and Mo) reduces SBDM severity. The application of EDTA chelates of individual microelements (i.e., Fe-EDTA, Mn-EDTA and Zn-EDTA) significantly reduces SBDM in potted plants. Foliar applica
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20

Shah, Muhammad N., Muhammad J. Shafi, and Abdul Wahid. "Influence of foliage applied moringa leaf extract on growth and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) underwater deficit conditions." Journal of Arable Crops and Marketing 1, no. 2 (December 13, 2019): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/jacm.001.02.3454.

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With increasing population, the demand for food is also increasing. So, with the aim to increase the productivity of crop a field experiment was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the foliar application of moringa leaf extract (MLE) at growth and yield of sunflower under water deficit conditions at Agronomy research area, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan. The treatments comprise of Factor A: Irrigation,(I0 = Normal irrigation, I1 = Skipped at knee height stage, I2 = Skipped at knee height + heading stage, I3 = Skipped at knee height + heading + seed development stage and Factor B
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Feng, S., Y. Fan, Z. Liang, G. Yang, Z. Liao, and L. Guo. "Effect of intranasal steroids on rhinosinusitis after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: clinical study." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 130, no. 3 (January 7, 2016): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215115003448.

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AbstractObjective:Post-irradiation rhinosinusitis is one of the most common untoward side effects in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray on post-irradiation rhinosinusitis.Methods:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients who had undergone radiotherapy and subsequently developed chronic rhinosinusitis were randomised to receive either fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray 200 µg plus nasal irrigation or a single nasal irrigation, for six months. A questionnaire, nasal endoscopy and computed tomography were u
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Watson, D. J., and G. Drysdale. "Irrigation practices on north-east Victorian dairy farms: a survey." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 12 (2005): 1539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03231.

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The north-east region of Victoria is an important water-harvesting catchment for gravity-fed irrigators downstream of Lake Mulwala. Dairy farmers are significant users of irrigation water in north-east Victoria but little was known about their irrigation practices and attitudes. A survey undertaken in 2000 collected data on irrigation practices and attitudes from 92% of the irrigating dairy farmers in the region. It found diversity in many aspects of irrigation amongst the region’s irrigated dairy farms, ranging from the proportion of the farm irrigated to the irrigation system used, and ident
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Donnison, A., C. Ross, M. Noonan, G. Fisher, and J. Waller. "Bacterial survival and dispersal in spray irrigation aerosols." New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 47, no. 4 (December 2004): 575–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288233.2004.9513622.

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24

Lamack, William F., and Alex X. Niemiera. "Application Method Affects Water Application Efficiency of Spray Stake-irrigated Containers." HortScience 28, no. 6 (June 1993): 625–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.6.625.

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Studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of water application medium moisture deficit, water application rate, and intermittent application on water application efficiency {[(amount applied - amount leached)/amount applied] x 100} of spray stake-irrigated, container-grown plants. Pine bark-filled containers were irrigated to replace moisture deficits of 600, 1200, or 1800 ml; deficits were returned in single, continuous applications of 148, 220, or 270 ml·min-l. Efficiency was unaffected by application rate but decreased with increased medium moisture deficit. In the second experiment, co
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Muxammadiyeva, Matluba, and Iftixor Ergashev. "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WATER USE PLAN PROCEDURES, MEASURES AND WATER USE." JOURNAL OF AGRO PROCESSING 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9904-2020-6-9.

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If we look at the existing irrigation methods used today in the country, then they are divided into: ground, rainfall, underground or underground, drip and spray. Basically, they are transferred to the irrigation field in two forms: through gravity and pressure irrigation systems. Naturally, a gravity irrigation system is economically more expensive than a low pressure irrigation system. However, from a performance appraisal stand point, pressure irrigation methods are less efficient and have serious disadvantages
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Goddard, John C., Richard J. Harvey, Sarah K. Wise, and Rodney J. Schlosser. "Effects of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery and Device on Irrigation." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 139, no. 2_suppl (August 2008): P75—P76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2008.05.243.

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Objective 1) Assess the effect of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) on the distribution of topical solutions to the para-nasal sinuses. 2) Understand differences in topical solution distribution to the para-nasal sinuses using various delivery devices. Methods Ten cadaver sinus systems were irrigated with radio-opaque contrast prior to any surgery, after ESS, and following modified medial maxillectomy. Delivery of contrast was via pressurized spray, neti pot and squeeze bottle techniques for each surgical state. CT scans were performed before and after each irrigation using a portable CT machine.
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Monjezi, F., F. Vazin, and M. Hassanzadehdelouei. "Effects of Iron and Zinc Spray on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) in Drought Stress." Cercetari agronomice in Moldova 46, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10298-012-0072-z.

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Abstract In hot and arid regions, drought stress is considered as one of the main reasons for yield reduction. To study the effect of drought stress, iron and zinc spray on the yield and yield components of wheat, an experiment was carried out during the crop seasons of 2010 and 2011 on Shahid Salemi Farm in Ahwaz as a split factorial within randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots with irrigation factor and three levels were considered: Level A) full irrigation, Level B) stopping irrigation at pollination step, and Level C) stopping irrigation at the seed filli
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Szabó, Andrea, János Tamás, and Attila Nagy. "An Irrigation Homogenity Assessment of a Variable Rate Sprinkler Irrigation." Acta Horticulturae et Regiotecturae 24, s1 (May 1, 2021): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ahr-2021-0002.

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Abstract Nowadays, the development of irrigation is increasingly recognized as a necessary factor in agriculture, primarily because of global warming. Depending on the field conditions, the most commonly used method is sprinkler irrigation. The spray uniformity of sprinklers installed on the field irrigation equipment can be characterized by the Christiansen-uniformity coefficient (CUc%) and the distribution uniformity coefficient (DU%). Our investigations were carried out on the lateral moving irrigation equipment of University of Debrecen, Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational
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Evett, Steven R., Gary W. Marek, Paul D. Colaizzi, David Brauer, and Terry A. Howell. "Are Crop Coefficients for SDI Different from Those for Sprinkler Irrigation Application?" Transactions of the ASABE 63, no. 5 (2020): 1233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13920.

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HighlightsCrop coefficients for SDI scheduling for grain corn should be reduced by ~10% from those used for sprinkler irrigation.FAO 56 methods to calculate crop coefficients for surface drip irrigation under full-cover plastic mulch were applicable to SDI.A recent drought-resistant corn hybrid appeared to begin rapid leaf area development about 10 days earlier than older hybrids.A recent drought-resistant corn hybrid appeared to finish earlier than older hybrids by about 15 days.Abstract. Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) has become an important irrigation application method in the U.S. Southe
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Ranjan, Rakesh, Rajeev Sinha, Lav R. Khot, Gwen-Alyn Hoheisel, Matthew Grieshop, and Mark Ledebuhr. "Spatial Distribution of Spray from a Solid Set Canopy Delivery System in a High-Density Apple Orchard Retrofitted with Modified Emitters." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 13, 2021): 709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020709.

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Solid Set Canopy Delivery Systems (SSCDS) are fixed agrochemical delivery systems composed of a network of micro-sprayers/nozzles distributed in perennial crop canopies. A previous SSCDS design composed of a 3-tier configuration using hollow cone sprayer nozzles has been shown to provide excellent coverage and deposition in high-density apple orchards. However, the hollow cone nozzles substantially increases the initial system installation costs. This study evaluated the effect of irrigation micro-emitters replacement on spray deposition, coverage and off-target drift. A micro-emitter used in
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S.M. Salama, Amro, Osama H.M. El Gammal, and Amin M. G. E. Shaddad. "IMPACT OF SUSTAINED DEFFICIT IRRIGATION AND FOLIAR SPRAY OF ASCORBIC ACID ON PRODUCTIVITY AND PEEL DISORDERS OF WONDERFUL POMEGRANATE TREES." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 9 (September 30, 2020): 1043–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/11761.

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The investigation was carried out during 2017and 2018 seasons on Wonderful pomegranate trees grown at private orchard located on Cairo-Alexandria Desert road about 50 Km from Cairo, Egypt. Trees planted at 3x5 meters apart in sandy soil and watered from wells using drip irrigation system. The trial was a factorial experiment, hence sustained deficit irrigation100%, 80% and 60% from crop evapotranspiration (ETc) throughout season, the occupied main plot, whereas foliar sprays of ascorbic acid treatments at 0, 500, 750 and 1000 ppm /tree located in the subplots were carried out two times, the fi
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Wauchope, R. D., H. R. Sumner, and C. C. Dowler. "A Measurement of the Total Mass of Spray and Irrigation Mixtures Intercepted by Small Whole Plants." Weed Technology 11, no. 3 (September 1997): 466–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00045267.

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A plant-weighing procedure was used to measure the total mass of spray mixture intercepted by small whole corn and cotton plants. Mixtures of water and water plus crop oil concentrate or spreader–sticker were applied at spray volumes of 280 to 28,000 L/ha. The plants were weighed before and after passing under the spray and leaf areas, and shoot fresh and dry weights for each plant were measured. Spray deposition increased with spray volumes but not proportionally. Corn plants were larger than cotton plants and retained more spray per plant; however, cotton retained more spray per unit leaf ar
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Vo, Tuyen, Nam Thanh Nguyen, and Lien Duc Hoang. "OPTIMIZATION PARAMETERS OF IRRIGATION PROCESS ACCORDING TO THE UNIFORMITY." Science and Technology Development Journal 15, no. 1 (March 30, 2012): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v15i1.1778.

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In order to determine the optimal parameters of irrigation process in order to verify the accuracy of the numerical simulation results of experimental determination of the effective spray during irrigation [2], [6]. This paper will conduct empirical planning, establishing empirical mathematical model to determine the diameter of the nozzle, swirl coefficient and irrigation output according to the uniformity.
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Ankush, Ankush, Vikram Singh, and S. K. Sharma. "Response of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) to fertigation by irrigation scheduling in drip irrigation system." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 1170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i2.1342.

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Drip irrigation technique has proved its superiority over other methods of irrigation due to direct application of water and nutrient in the vicinity of root zone. A field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of irrigation and fertigation scheduling through drip irrigation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) during Rabi season of 2015-16 at Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur. There were three irrigation levels and five fertilization levels in split-plot design with three replications. Nutrient content in plant and fruit was found higher under the application of drip irrigat
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Barickman, T. Casey, Dean A. Kopsell, and Carl E. Sams. "Exogenous Foliar and Root Applications of Abscisic Acid Increase the Influx of Calcium into Tomato Fruit Tissue and Decrease the Incidence of Blossom-end Rot." HortScience 49, no. 11 (November 2014): 1397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.49.11.1397.

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Plants encounter various environmental stress factors that can potentially impact nutritional requirements and fruit quality. Adequate levels of calcium (Ca) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit have positive effects on fruit quality, specifically firmness. One of the results of insufficient Ca uptake and movement in tomato is the physiological disorder blossom-end rot (BER), which is associated with a Ca deficiency in the distal fruit tissue. Previous research has demonstrated that foliar abscisic acid (ABA) applications decreased the incidence of BER and increased the uptake of Ca into fru
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Yang, Q., C. H. Gilliam, G. R. Wehtje, J. S. McElroy, J. L. Sibley, and J. Chamberlin. "Effect of Pre and Post Moisture Level on Preemergence Control of Hairy Bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta L.) with Flumioxazin." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 31, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898.31.1.49.

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Moisture is an important component to activate preemergence herbicides; however, this aspect had not been investigated in soilless substrate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of pre-application moisture levels and post-application irrigation levels in the preemergence control of hairy bittercress with flumioxazin in a pine bark substrate. Three similar experiments were conducted over a 13-month period. Treatments were a factorial arrangement at the following variables: three pre-application moisture levels (dry, medium and wet), two flumioxazin formulations (granular a
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Monnett, G. T., R. B. Reneau, and C. Hagedorn. "Effects of Domestic Wastewater Spray Irrigation on Denitrification Rates." Journal of Environmental Quality 24, no. 5 (September 1995): 940–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1995.00472425002400050023x.

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A. D. Schneider and T. A. Howell. "LEPA AND SPRAY IRRIGATION OF CORN—SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS." Transactions of the ASAE 41, no. 5 (1998): 1391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.17313.

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G. Lorenzini. "WATER DROPLET DYNAMICS AND EVAPORATION IN AN IRRIGATION SPRAY." Transactions of the ASABE 49, no. 2 (2006): 545–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.20397.

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Lorenzini, Giulio. "Air temperature effect on spray evaporation in sprinkler irrigation." Irrigation and Drainage 51, no. 4 (2002): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ird.68.

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Yan, HaiJun, HongZhi Jin, and YiChao Qian. "Characterizing center pivot irrigation with fixed spray plate sprinklers." Science China Technological Sciences 53, no. 5 (April 15, 2010): 1398–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11431-010-0090-8.

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42

Bordovsky, James P. "Low-Energy Precision Application (LEPA) Irrigation: A Forty-Year Review." Transactions of the ASABE 62, no. 5 (2019): 1343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13117.

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Abstract. The low-energy precision application (LEPA) irrigation concept was developed 40 years ago (ca. 1978) to address the depletion of irrigation water from the Ogallala Aquifer and the sharp increase in pumping costs caused by the 1970s fuel crisis occurring at that time in the Texas High Plains. The LEPA method applies water to the soil surface at low pressure using a tower-truss irrigation system that continually moves through the field. This method brought changes in irrigation equipment and management that resulted in improvements in water productivity, particularly in semi-arid locat
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Paul, S., SC Sarker, TS Roy, R. Chakraborty, M. Roy, and MA Islam. "Foliar Application of Boron and Irrigation Levels on the Performance of Lentil." Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 24, no. 1 (September 7, 2021): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/baj.v24i1.55553.

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The experiment was conducted to study the response of lentil to irrigation levels and different methods of boron application in relation to yield and yield contributing characters. Three levels of irrigation viz., I0: control (No irrigation), I1: one irrigation at 25 days after sowing (DAS), I2: two irrigations at 25 DAS and 40 DAS, and four levels of Boron viz., B0: control (No boron), B1: 80% recommended dose (RD) as basal + rest 20% as a foliar spray (FS) at pre-flowering (PF), B2: 60% RD as basal + rest 40% as FS at PF, B3: 40% RD as basal + rest 60% as FS at PF as treatment variables. It
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Surtaev, Anton, Aleksandr Nazarov, Anatoliy Serov, Nikolay Miskiv, and Vladimir Serdyukov. "The usage of infrared thermography to investigate spatial variations of heat transfer at spray cooling." EPJ Web of Conferences 196 (2019): 00055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201919600055.

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In present paper new approach to study heat transfer at spray cooling, based on the using of high-speed infrared thermography with high spatial resolution is proposed. Also in the paper new data on basic spray parameters, including sizes and velocities of droplets at different pressure at the nozzle inlet were obtained with the use of shadow technique and high-speed video camera. It is found, that heat transfer coefficient is unequally spatially distributed value and essentially depends on flow rate in the stationary irrigation mode. The dependence of heat transfer coefficient on a distance be
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Brenneman, T. B., H. R. Sumner, L. R. Chandler, J. M. Hammond, and A. K. Culbreath. "Effect of Application Techniques on Performance of Propiconazole for Peanut Disease Control." Peanut Science 21, no. 2 (July 1, 1994): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-21-2-14.

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Abstract Propiconazole (Tilt®) was applied to Florunner peanut by injection into irrigation water (chemigation) or as a foliar spray. At rates of 0.12-0.25 kg/ha of propiconazole control of both Rhizoctonia limb rot (Rhizoctonia solani AG-4) and stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) was inconsistent. Chemigation resulted in the lowest incidence of stem rot, but the incidence of stem rot was only 26% less than the control. Yields from plots receiving chemigation were greater than expected based on disease ratings, indicating that some effects of the fungicide were not being evaluated. Where foliar spra
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Antypas, I. R., A. G. Dyachenko, and T. P. Savostina. "The effect of changing the spray angle of the irrigation device on the spray diameter." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1515 (April 2020): 042051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1515/4/042051.

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47

Cohen, Omer, Eran Gabay, and Eli E. Machtei. "Cooling Profile Following Prosthetic Preparation of 1-Piece Dental Implants." Journal of Oral Implantology 36, no. 4 (August 1, 2010): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-09-00061.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of water irrigation on heat dissipation kinetics following abutment preparation of 1-piece dental implants. UNO 1-piece dental implants were mounted on Plexiglas apparatus clamping the implant at the collar. T-type thermocouple was attached to the first thread of the implant and recorded thermal changes at 100 millisecond intervals. Implants were prepared using highspeed dental turbine at 400 000 RPM with a coarse diamond bur. Once temperature reached 47°C, abutment preparation was discontinued. Thirty implants were divided into 2 group
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Zare, K., F. Vazin, and M. Hassanzadehdelouei. "Effects of Potassium and Iron on Yield of Corn (Zea Mays L.) in Drought Stress." Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 47, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cerce-2014-0005.

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ABSTRACT In hot and arid regions, drought stress is considered as one of the main reasons for yield reduction. To study the effect of drought stress, Iron and potassium spray on the yield and yield components of corn, an experiment was carried out during the crop seasons of 2010 and 2011 on Abosaeid research field of Mahvellat as a split factorial within randomized complete block design with three replicates. The main plots with irrigation factor and three levels were considered: irrigation per 6, 9 and 12 days. Subplots were considered with and without Iron and potassium spray. The irrigation
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Marler, Thomas E., and Haluk M. Discekici. "Yield and Root Growth Responses of Papaya to Partial Root Volume Irrigation by Drip or Microsprinkler Irrigation Systems." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 545C—545. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.545c.

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`Tainung 2' papaya seedlings were transplanted on 30 Jan. 1996 and irrigated with one, two, or three drip irrigation lines per row in one study and with 90°, 180°, or 360° microsprinkler spray patterns in a second study to determine the reproductive and vegetative growth responses to irrigation design. Variable irrigation duration was used to supply a homogeneous amount of water to each plant in the drip irrigation study. The trench profile method was used in the drip irrigation study, and a monolith method was used in the microsprinkler study to determine root distribution at the end of the d
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Wang, Jun, Songgan Weng, Tongshun Wang, Xing Yang, Miao Hou, and Xinyuan Zhang. "The corps’ growth with different water-saving irrigation conditions in new reclamation areas along the coast of Jiangsu." E3S Web of Conferences 118 (2019): 03044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911803044.

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This study performed a quantitative evaluation of the impact of the corps’ growth with different water-saving irrigation conditions in new reclamation areas along the coast of Jiangsu. In this work, the yield and the amount of irrigation water of corps’ (watermelon, green pepper, and rice) with different water-saving irrigation modes were investigated. The results indicate that the drip-irrigation and micro-spray irrigation can observably reduce the amount of irrigation-water. With respect to normal irrigation, the rate of water-saving is 39.2%. At the same time, there’s been some improvement
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