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Journal articles on the topic 'Spread F'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

MacDougall, J. W., M. A. Abdu, P. T. Jayachandran, J. F. Cecile, and I. S. Batista. "Presunrise spread F at Fortaleza." Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 103, A10 (1998): 23415–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98ja01949.

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2

Carrasco, A. J., I. S. Batista, J. H. A. Sobral, and M. A. Abdu. "Spread F modeling over Brazil." Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 161 (August 2017): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2017.06.015.

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3

From, W. R., and D. H. Meehan. "Mid-latitude spread-F structure." Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 50, no. 7 (1988): 629–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(88)90061-x.

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4

Tozer, T. C. "Spread-Spectrum Systems." IEE Proceedings F Communications, Radar and Signal Processing 133, no. 1 (1986): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-f-1.1986.0020.

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5

de Boorder, J. "Spread of F gigantica in Tanzania." Veterinary Record 131, no. 8 (1992): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.131.8.180.

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6

Wright, J. W. "Quantifying spread F by digital ionosondes." Advances in Space Research 31, no. 3 (2003): 729–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(03)00046-2.

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7

Becker-Guedes, F., Y. Sahai, P. R. Fagundes, et al. "Geomagnetic storm and equatorial spread-F." Annales Geophysicae 22, no. 9 (2004): 3231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-3231-2004.

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Abstract. In August 2000, a new ionospheric sounding station was established at Sao Jose dos Campos (23.2° S, 45.9° W; dip latitude 17.6° S), Brazil, by the University of Vale do Paraiba (UNIVAP). Another ionospheric sounding station was established at Palmas (10.2° S, 48.2° W; dip latitude 5.5° S), Brazil, in April 2002, by UNIVAP in collaboration with the Lutheran University Center of Palmas (CEULP), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA). Both the stations are equipped with digital ionosonde of the type known as Canadian Advanced Digital Ionosonde (CADI). In order to study the effects of geo

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8

Alex, S., P. V. Koparkar, and R. G. Rastogi. "Spread-F and ionization anomaly belt." Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 51, no. 5 (1989): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(89)90119-0.

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9

Chandra, H., G. D. Vyas, H. S. S. Sinha, S. Prakash, and R. N. Misra. "Equatorial spread-F campaign over SHAR." Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 59, no. 2 (1997): 191–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1364-6826(95)00199-9.

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10

Seran, Adrianus Marselus, Ali Warsito, and Jehunias L. Tanesib. "ANALISIS KEMUNCULAN SPREAD F DI ATAS KUPANG." Jurnal Fisika : Fisika Sains dan Aplikasinya 4, no. 1 (2019): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35508/fisa.v4i1.1430.

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Abstrak Telah dilakukan dilakukan penelitian tentang kemunculan spread F di atas Kupang dengan menggunakan data hasil scalling ionogram pada tahun 2013 hingga 2015. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kerakteristik kejadian spread F dan variasi tipe kemunculan spread F berdasarkan klimatologi kemunculannya yang berdampak pada perambatan gelombang radio High Frequency (HF;3-30 MHz) dan sistem navigasi berbasis satelit yang dikenal Global Navigation Satelit System (GNSS). Kemunculan spread F mempunyai korelasi dengan kejadian sintilasi yang bersumber dari aktivitas matahari dan gelom

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11

Jung, Hye-Young, Woo-Joo Lee, and Seung Hoe Choi. "Hybrid Fuzzy Regression Analysis Using the F-Transform." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19 (2020): 6726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10196726.

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This paper proposes a hybrid estimation algorithm for independently estimating the response function for the center and the response function for the spread in fuzzy regression model. The proposed algorithm combines the least absolute deviations estimation with discriminant analysis. In addition, the F-transform is used to convert spreads of the dependent variable into several groups. Two examples show that our method is superior to the existing methods based on the fuzzy regression model that assumes the same function for spread and center.

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12

Kelly, Priscilla N. "Notch1 promotes cancer spread." Science 355, no. 6331 (2017): 1278.6–1279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.355.6331.1278-f.

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13

Liperovskaya, E. V. "Studying the spread F effect before earthquakes." Geomagnetism and Aeronomy 48, no. 6 (2008): 807–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0016793208060145.

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14

Mathews, J. D., S. González, M. P. Sulzer, et al. "Kilometer-scale layered structures inside spread-F." Geophysical Research Letters 28, no. 22 (2001): 4167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001gl013077.

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15

Raghavarao, R., R. Suhasini, H. G. Mayr, W. R. Hoegy, and L. E. Wharton. "Equatorial spread-F (ESF) and vertical winds." Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 61, no. 8 (1999): 607–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1364-6826(99)00017-6.

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16

Laxmi, V. N., and V. K. Tripathi. "Radio wave heating and equatorial spread-F." Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 49, no. 11-12 (1987): 1071–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(87)90089-4.

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17

Rodrigues, F. S., M. J. Nicolls, M. A. Milla, et al. "AMISR-14: Observations of equatorial spread F." Geophysical Research Letters 42, no. 13 (2015): 5100–5108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015gl064574.

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18

Wu, Ying, Jing-fang Wang, and Bai-xian Liang. "ON IRREGULARITIES OF EQUATORIAL SPREAD F (I)." Chinese Journal of Space Science 12, no. 1 (1992): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.11728/cjss1992.01.031.

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19

Anderson, David N., and Robert J. Redmon. "Forecasting scintillation activity and equatorial spread F." Space Weather 15, no. 3 (2017): 495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016sw001554.

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20

Fritts, D. C., S. L. Vadas, D. M. Riggin, et al. "Gravity wave and tidal influences on equatorial spread F based on observations during the Spread F Experiment (SpreadFEx)." Annales Geophysicae 26, no. 11 (2008): 3235–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-3235-2008.

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Abstract. The Spread F Experiment, or SpreadFEx, was performed from September to November 2005 to define the potential role of neutral atmosphere dynamics, primarily gravity waves propagating upward from the lower atmosphere, in seeding equatorial spread F (ESF) and plasma bubbles extending to higher altitudes. A description of the SpreadFEx campaign motivations, goals, instrumentation, and structure, and an overview of the results presented in this special issue, are provided by Fritts et al. (2008a). The various analyses of neutral atmosphere and ionosphere dynamics and structure described i

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21

Sastri, J. H. "<i>Letter to the Editor</i>: Post-midnight onset of spread-F at Kodaikanal during the June solstice of solar minimum." Annales Geophysicae 17, no. 8 (1999): 1111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-1111-4.

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Abstract. At dip equatorial stations in the Indian zone, spread-F conditions are known to develop preferentially around midnight during the June solstice (northern summer) months of low solar activity, in association with a distinct increase in F layer height. It is currently held that this onset of spread-F far away from the sunset terminator is due to the generalised Rayleigh-Taylor instability mechanism, with the gravitational and cross-field instability factors (and hence F layer height) playing important roles. We have studied the quarter-hourly ionograms of Kodaikanal (10.2°N; 77.5°E; di

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22

Sugden, Andrew M. "Invasive birds spread native seeds." Science 364, no. 6435 (2019): 38.6–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.364.6435.38-f.

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23

Cécile, J. F., P. Vila, and E. Blanc. "HF radar observations of equatorial spread-F over West Africa." Annales Geophysicae 14, no. 4 (1996): 411–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-996-0411-1.

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Abstract. New experimental data depicting equatorial spread-F were taken during an HF radar sounding campaign in Korhogo (Ivory Coast, 9°24N, 5°37W, dip 4°S). Range-time-intensity maps of the radar echoes have been analyzed to identify the signatures of density depletions and bottomside spread-F. Density depletions are well known features of equatorial spread-F, and are believed to emerge after the development of a Rayleigh-Taylor instability on the bottomside F-layer. A simple model is developed and used to simulate the flow of density depletions over the radar field of view. The simulation p

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24

Ikegame, Satoshi, Takao Hashiguchi, Chuan-Tien Hung, et al. "Fitness selection of hyperfusogenic measles virus F proteins associated with neuropathogenic phenotypes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 18 (2021): e2026027118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2026027118.

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Measles virus (MeV) is resurgent and caused >200,000 deaths in 2019. MeV infection can establish a chronic latent infection of the brain that can recrudesce months to years after recovery from the primary infection. Recrudescent MeV leads to fatal subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) or measles inclusion body encephalitis (MIBE) as the virus spreads across multiple brain regions. Most clinical isolates of SSPE/MIBE strains show mutations in the fusion (F) gene that result in a hyperfusogenic phenotype in vitro and allow for efficient spread in primary human neurons. Wild-type MeV rece

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25

Rekah, Yael, D. Shtienberg, and J. Katan. "Spatial Distribution and Temporal Development of Fusarium Crown and Root Rot of Tomato and Pathogen Dissemination in Field Soil." Phytopathology® 89, no. 9 (1999): 831–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1999.89.9.831.

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The spatial distribution and temporal development of tomato crown and root rot, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, were studied in naturally infested fields in 1996 and 1997. Disease progression fit a logistic model better than a monomolecular one. Geostatistical analyses and semivariogram calculations revealed that the disease spreads from infected plants to a distance of 1.1 to 4.4 m during the growing season. By using a chlorate-resistant nitrate nonutilizing (nit) mutant of F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici as a “tagged” inoculum, the pathogen was found to sprea

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26

Bowman, G. G. "Some aspects of mid-latitude spread-Es, and its relationship with spread-F." Planetary and Space Science 33, no. 9 (1985): 1081–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(85)90027-3.

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27

Hajkowicz, L. A. "Morphology of quantified ionospheric range spread-F over a wide range of midlatitudes in the Australian longitudinal sector." Annales Geophysicae 25, no. 5 (2007): 1125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-25-1125-2007.

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Abstract. Ionograms from a standard vertical-incidence ionosonde chain (nine stations), obtained over a wide range of southern latitudes (in geom.lat. range: 23°–52° S), were digitally scanned at 5-min intervals at nighttime (18:00–06:00 LT) for 13 months (January 2004–January 2005). An important parameter of the F-region, so-called range spread-F (Sr), was for the first time quantified in km. Maximum in Sr was recorded at a sounding frequency of 1.8 MHz for each night and for each ionosonde station. A distinct pattern in the magnitude (in km) and in the percentage occurrence of the range spre

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28

Pujiastuti, Dwi, and Badrul Mustafa. "ANALISIS KEJADIAN SPREAD F IONOSFER PADA GEMPA SOLOK 6 MARET 2007." JURNAL ILMU FISIKA | UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS 5, no. 2 (2013): 52–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jif.5.2.52-64.2013.

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Analisis kejadian Spread F menggunakan data ionosonda FMCW di stasiun pengamat dirgantara LAPAN Kototabang telah dilakukan untuk melihat keterkaitan antara kejadian gempa bumi Solok dengan kemunculan Spread F. Dari hasil pengamatan pada tanggal 20 Februari sampai 20 Maret 2007 kemunculan Spread F terjadi pada tanggal 2, 3 dan 5 Maret 2007. Kemunculan Spread F tersebut diprediksi sebagai prekusor gempa bumi Solok yang terjadi pada tanggal 6 Maret 2007 karena pada saat itu aktivitas geomagnet dan matahari dalam kondisi normal. Setelah gempa Solok aktivitas ionosfer kembali menunjukkan kondisi ya

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29

Hines, P. J. "How infection rate determines virus spread." Science 345, no. 6198 (2014): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.345.6198.783-f.

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30

HUANG CHAO-SONG and M.C.KELLEY. "NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF LARGE SCALE EQUATORIAL SPREAD F." Acta Physica Sinica 45, no. 11 (1996): 1930. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.45.1930.

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31

Bakki, P. "On the region of mid-latitude spread-F." Acta Geodaetica et Geophysica Hungarica 37, no. 4 (2002): 409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/ageod.37.2002.4.4.

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32

Wang, G. J., J. K. Shi, X. Wang, and S. P. Shang. "Seasonal variation of spread-F observed in Hainan." Advances in Space Research 41, no. 4 (2008): 639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2007.04.077.

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33

Amabayo, Emirant Bertillas, Lee-Anne McKinnell, and Pierre J. Cilliers. "Statistical characterisation of spread F over South Africa." Advances in Space Research 48, no. 12 (2011): 2043–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2011.08.029.

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34

Lan, Ting, Yuannong Zhang, Chunhua Jiang, Guobin Yang, and Zhengyu Zhao. "Automatic identification of Spread F using decision trees." Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 179 (November 2018): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2018.09.007.

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35

Liperovskaya, E. V., V. A. Liperovsky, A. S. Silina, and M. Parrot. "On spread-F in the ionosphere before earthquakes." Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 68, no. 2 (2006): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2005.10.005.

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36

Kelley, Michael C., Jonathan J. Makela, Brent M. Ledvina, and Paul M. Kintner. "Observations of equatorial spread-F from Haleakala, Hawaii." Geophysical Research Letters 29, no. 20 (2002): 64–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002gl015509.

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37

Saksena, R. C. "Occurrence statistics for spread-F over Indian subcontinent." Advances in Space Research 18, no. 6 (1996): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(95)00907-8.

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38

Kelley, M. C. "Equatorial spread-F: recent results and outstanding problems." Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 47, no. 8-10 (1985): 745–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(85)90051-0.

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39

Bowman, G. G., G. S. Dunne, and D. W. Hainsworth. "Mid-latitude spread-F occurrence during daylight hours." Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 49, no. 2 (1987): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(87)90051-1.

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40

Alimov, V. A., F. I. Vybornov, L. M. Erukhimov, N. A. Mityakov, and A. V. Rakhlin. "On the nature of middle-latitude F-spread." Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics 37, no. 11 (1994): 936–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01057284.

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41

Xiao, Zuo, and Hong Xie. "EQUATORIAL SPREAD-F INITIATED BY ACOUSTIC-GRAVITY WAVES." Chinese Journal of Space Science 14, no. 3 (1994): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.11728/cjss1994.03.183.

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42

Wu, Ying, Jing-fang Wang, and Bai-xian Liang. "ON THE IRREGULARITIES OF EQUATORIAL SPREAD F (Ⅱ)." Chinese Journal of Space Science 13, no. 3 (1993): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.11728/cjss1993.03.180.

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43

Han, Fu-fen, and Chang-li Huang. "Differences of Spread-F at Haikou and Huancayo." Chinese Journal of Space Science 8, no. 2 (1988): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.11728/cjss1988.02.133.

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44

Deng, Zhongxin, Rui Wang, Yi Liu, et al. "Investigation of Low Latitude Spread-F Triggered by Nighttime Medium-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbance." Remote Sensing 13, no. 5 (2021): 945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13050945.

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In the current study, we investigated the mechanism of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbance (MSTID) triggering spread-F in the low latitude ionosphere using ionosonde observation and Global Navigation Satellite System-Total Electron Content (GNSS-TEC) measurement. We use a series of morphological processing techniques applied to ionograms to retrieve the O-wave traces automatically. The maximum entropy method (MEM) was also utilized to obtain the propagation parameters of MSTID. Although it is widely acknowledged that MSTID is normally accompanied by polarization electric fields whic

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45

Foppiano, A. J., and A. S. Rodger. "F-region ionospheric irregularities over King George Island and Argentine Islands – a comparative study." Antarctic Science 6, no. 3 (1994): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102094000623.

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Spread-F is caused by the presence of ionospheric electron concentration irregularities of scale-size of order 5 km at F-region altitudes. Estimates of spread-F in the vicinity of the maximum plasma frequency of the Flayer (foF2) have been determined at 15 min intervals from ionograms recorded over a ten day period (1–10 May 1986) both at Marsh (62.2°S, 58.9°W), King George Island, and Faraday (65.2°S, 64.3°W), Argentine Islands. The interval, at low solar activity, includes periods of quiet and disturbed geomagnetic activity. Spread-F is observed on every night at both stations. It is more fr

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46

Ganesan, Ghurumuruhan. "Infection Spread in Random Geometric Graphs." Advances in Applied Probability 47, no. 1 (2015): 164–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/aap/1427814586.

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In this paper we study the speed of infection spread and the survival of the contact process in the random geometric graph G = G(n, rn, f) of n nodes independently distributed in S = [-½, ½]2 according to a certain density f(·). In the first part of the paper we assume that infection spreads from one node to another at unit rate and that infected nodes stay in the same state forever. We provide an explicit lower bound on the speed of infection spread and prove that infection spreads in G with speed at least D1nrn2. In the second part of the paper we consider the contact process ξt on G where i

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47

Lyttek, Erik, Pankaj Lal, Garrett Nieddu, Eric Forgoston, and Taylor Wieczerak. "Modeling Agrilus planipennis F. (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) Spread in New Jersey." Journal of Economic Entomology 112, no. 5 (2019): 2482–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz122.

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Abstract Pests and disease have become an increasingly common issue as globalized trade brings non-native species into unfamiliar systems. Emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis), is an Asiatic species of boring beetle currently devastating the native population of ash (Fraxinus) trees in the northern forests of the United States, with 85 million trees having already succumbed across much of the Midwest. We have developed a reaction-diffusion partial differential equation model to predict the spread of emerald ash borer over a heterogeneous 2-D landscape, with the initial ash tree distribution

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48

Paul, Krishnendu Sekhar, Haris Haralambous, Christina Oikonomou, et al. "Multi-station investigation of spread F over Europe during low to high solar activity." Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate 8 (2018): A27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2018006.

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Spread F is an ionospheric phenomenon which has been reported and analyzed extensively over equatorial regions on the basis of the Rayleigh-Taylor (R-T) instability. It has also been investigated over midlatitude regions, mostly over the Southern Hemisphere with its generation attributed to the Perkins instability mechanism. Over midlatitudes it has also been correlated with geomagnetic storms through the excitation of travelling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) and subsequent F region uplifts. The present study deals with the occurrence rate of nighttime spread F events and their diurnal, seas

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49

Ganesan, Ghurumuruhan. "Infection Spread in Random Geometric Graphs." Advances in Applied Probability 47, no. 01 (2015): 164–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001867800007758.

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In this paper we study the speed of infection spread and the survival of the contact process in the random geometric graph G = G(n, r n , f) of n nodes independently distributed in S = [-½, ½]2 according to a certain density f(·). In the first part of the paper we assume that infection spreads from one node to another at unit rate and that infected nodes stay in the same state forever. We provide an explicit lower bound on the speed of infection spread and prove that infection spreads in G with speed at least D 1 nr n 2. In the second part of the paper we consider the contact process ξ t on G

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50

Zhang, Y., W. Wan, G. Li, L. Liu, L. Hu, and B. Ning. "A comparative study of GPS ionospheric scintillations and ionogram spread F over Sanya." Annales Geophysicae 33, no. 11 (2015): 1421–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-1421-2015.

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Abstract. We analyze the data recorded during December 2011–November 2012 by a digital ionosonde and a GPS (Global Positioning System) scintillation and (total electron content) TEC receiver collocated at Sanya (109.6° E, 18.3° N; dip lat. 12.8° N), a low-latitude station in the Chinese longitude sector, to carry out a comparative study of ionospheric scintillations and spread F. A good consistency between the temporal variations of GPS scintillation (represented by the S4 index) and of ionogram spread F (represented by the QF index) is found in the pre-midnight period during equinox. However

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