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Journal articles on the topic 'Spring constant'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Rahat, Muhammad Abu, Muhammad Ferdous Raiyan, MD Safayet Hossain, J. U. Ahamed, and Nahed Hassan Jony. "Design and Fabrication of a Spring Constant Testing Machine and Determination of Spring Constant of a Compression Spring." International Journal of Engineering Research 4, no. 10 (2015): 574–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17950/ijer/v4s10/1013.

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2

Chen, Si’an, Yu Di Zhang, Chang Rui Zhang, Xin Xiong, and Hai Feng Hu. "Compression Property of C/SiC and Inconel X-750 Springs from Room Temperature to 1000°C." Materials Science Forum 789 (April 2014): 616–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.789.616.

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The compression properties of C/SiC composite and Inconel X-750 helical springs were investigated from room temperature (RT) to 1000°C in air. The density of C/SiC spring is 1.74 g/cm3, only ~1/5 of X-750 value (8.17 g/cm3) and the spring constants of C/SiC and X-750 springs at RT are 3.47 and 5.61 N/mm, respectively. The spring constants of X-750 spring decreased with increase of temperature. X-750 spring could keep excellent property below 600°C, but its spring constant was only 36.7% of RT value at 800°C and permanent deformation appeared. At 1000°C, it could not restore and was destroyed.

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3

Wulandari, S., B. H. Iswanto, and I. Sugihartono. "Determination of Springs Constant by Hooke’s Law and Simple Harmonic Motion Experiment." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2019, no. 1 (2021): 012053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2019/1/012053.

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Abstract This study aims to calculate the spring constants of two types of stainless using Hooke’s Law principle and simple harmonic motion methods. Two types of springs (spring I and II) with different sizes in diameter have spring constant k values of 24 N/m and 5.4N/m, respectively. Based on the experiment and calculation, the spring constant of spring 1 calculated by Hooke’s Law and the simple harmonic motion experiment has an average value of 23.22 N/m with an error of 3.24% and 23.06 N/m with an error of 3.90%. On the other hand, the spring constant of spring 2 calculated by Hooke’s Law

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4

Schmitt, Lisa, Philip Schmitt, and Martin Hoffmann. "Highly Selective Tilted Triangular Springs with Constant Force Reaction." Sensors 24, no. 5 (2024): 1677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24051677.

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Guiding mechanisms are among the most elementary components of MEMS. Usually, a spring is required to be compliant in only one direction and stiff in all other directions. We introduce triangular springs with a preset tilting angle. The tilting angle lowers the reaction force and implements a constant reaction force. We show the influence of the tilting angle on the reaction force, on the spring stiffness and spring selectivity. Furthermore, we investigate the influence of the different spring geometry parameters on the spring reaction force. We experimentally show tilted triangular springs ex

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5

Hia, Samuel, and Albertus Hariwangsa Panuluh. "Pengukuran Modulus Geser Baja Menggunakan Analisis Osilasi Pegas-Massa." Jurnal Teori dan Aplikasi Fisika 9, no. 1 (2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jtaf.v9i1.2606.

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A steel shear modulus measurement has been conducted using spring-mass oscillation analysis. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the spring-mass oscillation analysis method can measure the shear modulus of the steel. In this study, springs that are used are made of steel with a spring radius of 7.86 mm, a spring wire diameter of 0.817 mm and there is no distance between the coil springs. The length of the spring is varied 7 times, i.e., 4.75 cm, 5.36 cm, 5.89 cm, 6.81 cm, 8.53 cm, 9.44 cm, and 10.87 cm. The spring radius and the diameter of the spring wire are measured using a mi

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6

Wu, Cho Chun, Rong Shun Chen, and Meng Ju Lin. "Effect of Box Microspring Size on Spring Constant." Advanced Materials Research 33-37 (March 2008): 975–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.33-37.975.

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There are two kinds of microsprings often used: box microsprings and zig-zag (serpentine) microsprings. Box microsprings are considered with larger spring constant k and more symmetric structure keeping balance than zig-zag microspring. Density of spring number, N, is defined as the numbers of turns within a constant total spring length to investigate performance of box microspring. With applying the same force, the relation between spring constants and microspring sizes are discussed. Under different size parameters of box microsprings: B, W, T, and L, the spring constants decrease like expon

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7

Park, Young-Soo, Sehoon Kim, Namgyu Kim, and Jong-Jae Lee. "Evaluation of bridge support condition using bridge responses." Structural Health Monitoring 18, no. 3 (2018): 767–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475921718773672.

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This article presents a method for evaluating the support condition of bridges. This is done by representing the aging and deteriorated supports as rotation springs with equivalent spring constants. Sensitivity analysis was performed to obtain a relationship between the spring constant and the bridge responses (deflections/slopes). From this relationship, measured bridge responses can be used to estimate the equivalent spring constants through interpolation. Numerical analysis was performed to check whether the method can be used to calculate equivalent spring constants. Then, the method was v

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8

Ko, Koeng Wook, Hyun Soo Kim, Sung In Bae, Eui Seok Kim, and Yuan Shin Lee. "Determination of Spring Constant for Simulating Deformable Object under Compression." Key Engineering Materials 417-418 (October 2009): 369–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.417-418.369.

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It is not easy to simulate realistic mechanical behaviors of elastically deformable objects with most existing mass-spring systems for their lack of simple and clear methods to determine spring constants considering material properties (e.g. Young's modulus, Poisson’s ratio). To overcome this obstacle, we suggest an alternative method to determine spring constants for mechanical simulation of deformable objects under compression. Using the expression derived from proposed method, it is possible to determine one and the same spring constant for a mass-spring model depending on Young's modulus,

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9

Qin, Wen-Bin, Tian-Lin Ju, Xiu-Lan Yue, et al. "Hemoglobin Constant Spring in China." Hemoglobin 9, no. 1 (1985): 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03630268508996984.

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10

Rodriguez, Emmanuel, Manuel Paredes, and Marc Sartor. "Analytical Behavior Law for a Constant Pitch Conical Compression Spring." Journal of Mechanical Design 128, no. 6 (2005): 1352–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2338580.

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Cylindrical compression spring behavior has been described in the literature using an efficient analytical model. Conical compression spring behavior has a linear phase but can also have a nonlinear phase. The rate of the linear phase can easily be calculated but no analytical model exists to describe the nonlinear phase precisely. This nonlinear phase can only be determined by a discretizing algorithm. The present paper presents analytical continuous expressions of length as a function of load and load as a function of length for a constant pitch conical compression spring in the nonlinear ph

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11

Machado, Carolina Neis, Ana Paula Moratelli Prado, Elisa Dell'Antonio, Deise Ferreira de Oliveira, Suzana Matheus Pereira, and Helio Roesler. "Analysis of lower limb force in foot work exercise of Pilates." Fisioterapia em Movimento 29, no. 4 (2016): 669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-5918.029.004.ao02.

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Abstract Introduction: Pilates is a physical exercise method that uses the resistance of springs to modulate the overload from exercises. Objective: To characterize the force versus time curve of the foot work exercise; verify and compare the force applied by the same limb during the foot work exercise against the resistance of two types of springs with different elastic constants, and verify and compare the asymmetry of force applied by right and left lower limbs during the foot work exercise against the resistance of the same type of spring. Methods: Twenty healthy adult individuals familiar

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12

Mohazzabi, P., and B. M. Shefchik. "A universal relationship between spring constant and torsion constant." Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 62, no. 4 (2001): 677–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3697(00)00205-5.

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13

Spaggiari, Andrea, and Eugenio Dragoni. "Modelling of Shape Memory Alloy Negator Springs for Long-Stroke Constant-Force Actuators." Advances in Science and Technology 78 (September 2012): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.78.52.

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The paper deals with the analytical modelling of a shape memory alloy Negator spring. Negator springs are spiral springs made of strip metal wound on the flat with an inherent curvature such that, in repose, each coil wraps tightly on its inner neighbour. This configuration allows a constant force mechanical response and very long strokes, limited mainly from the total length of the spring. The authors investigate the behaviour of the spring made of a shape memory alloy (SMA). The intrinsic characteristic of SMA is to have two different elastic moduli at different temperatures. This difference

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14

de Oliveira, L. L. A., and M. V. Travaglia. "Optimizing the spring constants of forced, damped and circular spring-mass systems—characterization of the discrete and periodic bi-Laplacian operator." IMA Journal of Applied Mathematics 86, no. 4 (2021): 785–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imamat/hxab021.

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Abstract We optimize the spring constants $k^{i,j}$ (stiffness) of circular spring-mass systems with nearest-neighbour (NN) and next-nearest-neighbour (NNN) springs only. In this optimization problem, such systems are also subjected to damping and periodic external forces. The function to be minimized is the average ratio of the square norm of the on-site internal forces (response) to the square norm of the external on-site forces (input). Under the average of this response/input ratio is meant the average over time and over all configurations of external forces. As main result, it is establis

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15

Yasifa, Ismi, and Sparisoma Viridi. "THE SPRING VARIATION IN TWO DIMENSIONAL MODELING OF RED BLOOD CELL DEFORMABILITY BASED ON GRANULAR." Spektra: Jurnal Fisika dan Aplikasinya 4, no. 2 (2019): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/spektra.042.01.

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The red blood cell membrane has a complex structure and high deformability. Simulation of that complex red blood cell membrane can simpler use granular-based modeling. Red blood cell is modeled consisting of 50 granular particles connected by springs. An i-particle is connected with two of its first nearest particles which are i+1-particle and i-1-particle and with two of its second nearest particles which are i+2-particle and i-2-particle. Each particle has a spring force and forces from internal hydrostatic pressure. Spring force is a product of the spring constant and change of spring lengt

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16

Chen, Ling, Liwei Wu, Hongjun Fu, and Youhong Tang. "Design and Performance Evaluation of Polymer Matrix Composite Helical Springs." Polymers 14, no. 18 (2022): 3900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14183900.

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Helical springs are indispensable mechanical parts widely used in industry. Lightweight is one of the development trends of helical springs. In this study, three kinds of lightweight polymer matrix composite helical springs (PMCHSs) with unidirectional, multistrand, and wrapped textile structural reinforcement (PMCHS-U, PMCHS-M, and PMCHS-W) were designed, manufactured, and evaluated. The performance of these PMCHSs and the relationship between their performance and their corresponding polymer matrix composite spring wire rods (PMCRs) were studied through the torsion test of the PMCRs and the

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17

Murakami, Iwanori, Shunya Matsumoto, Keiya Tomaru, Yoshinori Ando, and Kou Yamada. "Development of vibration control device with changeable spring constant spring." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 45, no. 1-4 (2014): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-141829.

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18

Mohazzabi, P., and J. P. McCrickard. "On the spring constant of a close‐coiled helical spring." American Journal of Physics 57, no. 7 (1989): 639–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.15962.

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19

Khaykovich, Boris, Natalia Kozlova, Wonshik Choi, et al. "Thickness–radius relationship and spring constants of cholesterol helical ribbons." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106, no. 37 (2009): 15663–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0907795106.

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Using quantitative phase microscopy, we have discovered a quadratic relationship between the radius R and the thickness t of helical ribbons that form spontaneously in multicomponent cholesterol–surfactant mixtures. These helical ribbons may serve as mesoscopic springs to measure or to exert forces on nanoscale biological objects. The spring constants of these helices depend on their submicroscopic thickness. The quadratic relationship (R ∝ t2) between radius and thickness is a consequence of the crystal structure of the ribbons and enables a determination of the spring constant of any of our

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20

Bogdanovic, G., A. Meurk, and M. W. Rutland. "Tip friction — torsional spring constant determination." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 19, no. 4 (2000): 397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-7765(00)00147-8.

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21

Hsia, YujenEdward, LarryJ Shapiro, CarolAnne Ford, JohnA Hunt, and NathanS P. Ching. "MOLECULAR SCREENING FOR HAEMOGLOBIN CONSTANT SPRING." Lancet 333, no. 8645 (1989): 988–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(89)92630-5.

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22

TANGVARASITTICHAI, O., R. JEENAPONGSA, C. SITTHIWORANAN, and T. SANGUANSERMSRI. "Laboratory investigations of Hb Constant Spring." Clinical and Laboratory Haematology 27, no. 1 (2005): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2257.2004.00658.x.

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23

Wu, M. H., and W. Hsu. "Investigation of Torsion Springs by Considering the Friction and the End Effect." Journal of Mechanical Design 121, no. 4 (1999): 628–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2829509.

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In this study, the nonlinearity in moment and angular displacement of torsion springs is studied analytically and experimentally. It is shown that the inclined angles at both ends have direct effects on the nonlinearity of a constant-pitch torsion spring. Also, an algorithm for determining the friction between the spring coils in close-wound torsion springs is proposed. From the comparison to experimental data, it is found that the spring rates are different at forward and backward strokes. The dynamic equations for the close-wound torsion spring is also derived by considering the friction bet

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24

Muhammad Satria Wibisana and Santoso Santoso. "Pengaruh Berat Clutch Housing dan Konstanta Pegas Sentrifugal Terhadap Akselerasi Motor Matic 155 CC." Intellektika : Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa 2, no. 5 (2024): 137–51. https://doi.org/10.59841/intellektika.v2i5.1528.

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This study evaluates the impact of varying clutch housing weights and centrifugal spring constants on the acceleration of automatic motorcycles with Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT). The research employed an experimental method using a Dynotest acceleration testing tool. Tests were conducted with three clutch housing weights (816 grams, 800 grams, 771 grams) and three spring constants (39.2 N/mm, 29.4 N/mm, 21.38 N/mm). Results indicated that the combination of a 771-gram clutch housing and a 21.38 N/mm spring produced the highest acceleration, reaching 13.16 m/s² at speeds of 0-5 m/s.

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25

Lardner, T. J. "Resonance and the Aging Spring." Journal of Applied Mechanics 69, no. 3 (2002): 397–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1458559.

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The steady-state response of the classic mass-spring-dashpot model when the spring stiffness decays exponentially with time (an aging spring) and the system is excited by a forcing function whose frequency is equal to the natural frequency of the system with the constant initial stiffness is investigated. The steady-state response is obtained in terms of the dumping and decay constants of the system and exhibits an oscillation about a nonzero value.

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26

Liang, C., and C. A. Rogers. "Design of Shape Memory Alloy Springs With Applications in Vibration Control." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 115, no. 1 (1993): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930305.

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Shape memory alloys (SMAs) have several unique characteristics, including their Young’s modulus-temperature relations, shape memory effects, and damping characteristics. The Young’s modulus of the high-temperature austenite of SMAs is about three to four times as large as that of low-temperature martensite. Therefore, a spring made of shape memory alloy can change its spring constant by a factor of three to four. Since a shape memory alloy spring can vary its spring constant, provide recovery stress (shape memory effect), or be designed with a high damping capacity, it may be useful in adaptiv

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27

Piao, Chang Hao, Chong Du Cho, Chang Boo Kim, and Qiang Pang. "Experiment Study and Finite Element Analysis of Spring Constant of Welded Metal Bellows." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 537–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.537.

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This study tries to obtain the spring constant of welded metal bellows through experimental and numerical method respectively. The prediction of spring constant plays a great role in the design and application of the welded metal bellows. To derive the spring constant of the bellows, we employ commercial package to build up 2 axi-symmetric FEM models by using plane 42 and shell 51 elements. In the experiment, we use UTM to measure the spring constant of the bellows. And, the predicted spring constant resulting from the analysis is compared with the experimental one to discuss the rationality o

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28

Danilenko, Denis, Viktor Efimov, and Vladimir Chernov. "Research on Fatigue Durability of Side Bearing Springs for Model 18-9891 Bogie." Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University 20, no. 3 (2023): 519–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2023-3-519-530.

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Purpose: To conduct comprehensive experimental studies on the fatigue strength of side bearing springs for freight bogies, evaluating the effectiveness of thermal and shot peening treatments during their manufacturing process. Methods: The method of stand endurance (fatigue) testing of constant contact side bearing springs has been applied, allowing for obtaining endurance characteristics of actual components. Metallographic studies of spring steel have been conducted to investigate the influence of strengthening operations during spring manufacturing on their fatigue strength, with the assess

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29

Chen, Li Hua, Hao Zou, and Chang Qing Sun. "Design and Research of Constant Spring Hangers." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 457–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.457.

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Compared with link constant hangers, main-compensating constant hangers are structural symmetric, having high theoretical constant force. Swing cams are important component of the device, therefore the design of cam curve is the key of constant hangers. Based on the analysis of working principle of constant hangers, a mechanical model of constant hanger is established, and the differential equation of cam curve is derived by means of coordinate transformation .Meanwhile, spring parameters are determined. Curve equation is resolved and the cam curves are plotted. Then, the influence of spring p

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30

Yamazaki, S., and T. Akasaka. "Twisting Stiffness and Lateral Vibration of a Radial Tire Sidewall." Tire Science and Technology 16, no. 4 (1988): 223–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2148808.

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Abstract The present authors recently gave an analytical method for estimating three spring constants Kr, Ks, and Kt for sidewall stiffnesses of radial tires. These represent the radial, lateral, and in-plane rotational directions respectively [1,2,3]. The method is based on netting theory with special consideration to stiffness of the rubber matrices in the sidewall. These theoretical results were verified by experiment to have sufficient accuracy. In order to confirm the availability of these spring constants, the twisting stiffness Rt of a radial tire has been analyzed in the present paper

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31

Tchoupou, Kévin M. Tsapi, Bertin Désiré Soh Fotsing, and Alexis Kuitche. "Fatigue Safety Coefficient Based Mutual Comparison of the Simple Working Regime of Hermetic Compressor Suspension Springs." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 16 (June 2015): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.16.26.

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Compressors suspension made up of helical suspension spring system has a significant importance on the operation of hermetic compressors, considering the aspects of noise and vibration. These springs are loaded by harmonic forces very often. High cycles fatigue damage and failure can be found during its service loading. The severity of lading regime has been studied for three typical loading regimes of springs using the fatigue safety factor. The spring fails by fatigue not yielding; infinite life is not predicted. All cases are demonstrated in the Haigh diagram. Finite life is predicted. It h

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32

Wabang, Keszya, Ali Warsito, and Andreas Christian Louk. "SIMULASI PEREDAMAN GETARAN PADA PEGAS KATUP (VALVE SPRING) SISTEM HIDROLIK DENGAN METODE PID MEMANFAATKAN SIMULINK MATLAB." Jurnal Fisika : Fisika Sains dan Aplikasinya 5, no. 1 (2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35508/fisa.v5i1.890.

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A simulation of damping vibration on valve spring hydraulic system has been done. This research is a study of the simulation that aims to control excess vibration on valve spring hydraulic system as a result of excitation force that is affected by the changes of pressure periodically, to produce a stable system. The simulation performed by using Matlab simulink with applying a PID method (P, PD, PI and PID) and noticed to variations of proportional constant (Kp), integral constant (Ki) and the derivative constant (Kd). The simulation results obtained show that by combining these three co

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33

AIKI, Takuro, Kazumasa IIDA, and Masayoshi SHIMOSEKI. "Practical Formulation for Constant-force Spiral Spring." Transactions of Japan Society of Spring Engineers 2014, no. 59 (2014): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5346/trbane.2014.37.

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34

Çoban, Atakan, and Niyazi Çoban. "Determining of the spring constant using Arduino." Physics Education 55, no. 6 (2020): 065028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6552/abb58b.

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35

Attard, Phil, and Stan J. Miklavcic. "Effective Spring Constant of Bubbles and Droplets." Langmuir 17, no. 26 (2001): 8217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la010969g.

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Attard, Phil, and Stan J. Miklavcic. "Effective Spring Constant of Bubbles and Droplets." Langmuir 19, no. 6 (2003): 2532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la026777i.

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37

Ola, Mohammed, and Al-Nuaimi Ali. "Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of Spring Constant on the Behavior of Damping in a Mass-spring Damped Harmonic Oscillator." Alq J Med App Sci 6, no. 2 (2023): 433–40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8221999.

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<strong>Background and aims.</strong> Mass-Spring systems are second order linear differential equations that have variety of applications in science and engineering. They are the simplest model for mechanical vibration analysis. Damping of the oscillatory system is the effect of preventing or reducing its oscillations gradually with time. The damping ratio in physical systems is produced by the dissipation of stored energy in the oscillation. In this study, the effect of spring constant on the behaviour of damping in a mass-spring harmonic oscillator using simulation was investigated. <strong

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38

Li, Wenqian, Wei Jiang, Chen Fu, Zhiyi Li, and Hao Zhang. "Simulation Method for Complex Constraints and the Necessity of Joints in an Early-Age, Large-Volume Concrete Slab—A Case Study of Complex Column Grids and Wall Constraints." Buildings 15, no. 10 (2025): 1647. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15101647.

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In modern engineering and construction, mass concrete structures impose stringent requirements on crack control. However, there exists a conflict between design and construction: design primarily addresses the structural performance needs during service phases, while construction must confront the challenges of early-stage performance. It is, therefore, essential to investigate the complex constraints affecting mass concrete structures during their early stages. In this paper, a spring foundation was employed to simulate the intricate constraints on mass concrete footings at early ages, with p

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39

Ginoga, Rasuna. "Gerak Harmonik Sederhana Pada Pegas Dapat Digunakan Untuk Membuktikan Nilai Percepatan Gravitasi Bumi." Dinamika Pembelajaran 2, no. 1 (2020): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36412/dilan.v2i1.1759.

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This research was conducted to prove the value of Earth'sgravitational acceleration. This research was conducted inJuly 2015 until September 2015. The research method usingthe experimental method in the spring in this case used 2different types of springs that are both long and constant. Inthis experiment the observed variables are the period ofvibration and the change in spring length. Measuring thelength of the springs is done as much as 5 times for differentload masses. Each load is hung and vibrated by 20 vibrationsto obtain vibration period data. The results obtained that thevalue of the

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40

Zommer, S. A., S. I. Nemchaninov, A. P. Kravchunovsky, A. V. Ivanov, and M. S. Rudenko. "Minimization of excess torque in multi-time deployment-folding hinge joints." Spacecrafts & Technologies 5, no. 1 (2021): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26732/j.st.2021.1.04.

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The paper presents a method for minimizing the torque value of the multi-time deploymentfolding hinges. The objects of research were the hinges assembly of multi-time deployment-folding mechanical devices of solar array, which are used as part of the platforms of spacecraft. A computational analysis of the forces and moments that act in the hinges in the process of their opening and folding is carried out. The minimization of the excessive torque value without changing the design and layout of the hinge is possible by changing the shape of the dependence of the spring drive force on the angle

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SHIMIZU, Mai, Hiromi SAKURAI, and Takahiko KUNOH. "Spring Constant and Stress of Rectangular Wire Coil Springs considering Large Pitch Angle." Transactions of Japan Society of Spring Engineers, no. 51 (2006): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5346/trbane.2006.27.

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Purnomo, Bagiyo Condro Purnomo Condro, Muhammad Farhan Aulia Rahman, Wahyu Biantoro, and Budi Waluyo. "Experimental Research on the Effect of CVT Roller and Spring Parameters on Metic Motorcycle Performance." Borobudur Engineering Review 3, no. 2 (2024): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/benr.v3i2.10722.

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The current development of vehicle transmission technology aims to reduce vehicle energy consumption by increasing its performance. Continuously variable transmission (CVT) is an automatic transmission system that is often used in vehicles today. Meanwhile, replacing CVT rollers and springs can affect transmission efficiency, fuel consumption, and overall vehicle performance. So this research aims to explore the impact of replacing roller and spring components on the CVT on engine performance and confirmed by changes in CVT temperature. This research was carried out using a metic motorcycle, b

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Álvarez-Asencio, R., E. Thormann, and M. W. Rutland. "Note: Determination of torsional spring constant of atomic force microscopy cantilevers: Combining normal spring constant and classical beam theory." Review of Scientific Instruments 84, no. 9 (2013): 096102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4820345.

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Konieczny, Ł., R. Burdzik, and T. Węgrzyn. "Analysis of Structural and Material Aspects of Selected Elements of a Hydropneumatic Suspension System in a Passenger Car." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 1 (2016): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0018.

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The article addresses results of analyses of design solutions and materials commonly used in gas springs for hydropneumatic suspension systems. The authors have discussed main advantages resulting from application of such a design solution in passenger car suspension systems. Fundamental correlations defining the parameters characterising a gas spring with constant gas mass have been referred to. Also materials used in the manufacture of selected gas spring elements have been described

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Silkin, Vladimir, Alexander Abakumov, Nikolay Esin, Larisa Pautova, Anna Lifanchuk, and Alexey Fedorov. "Phytoplankton Dynamics and Biogeochemistry: Model Studies." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 1 (2024): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12010178.

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The seasonal dynamics of the NE Black Sea phytoplankton follow the following pattern: small diatoms (spring) → coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi (late spring–early summer) → large diatoms (summer). Our hypothesis states that nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations regulate the seasonal phytoplankton dynamics. A minimum number of parameters is enough to understand the mechanisms of dominant species change. Based on the concept of intracellular regulation, the following parameters were evaluated: the minimum nitrogen and phosphorus quotas; half-saturation constants for nitrogen and phosphorus up

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Mitsuya, Yasunaga, Yasuji Ohshima, Hedong Zhang, Kei Aoyama, Toshiyuki Kawai, and Kenji Fukuzawa. "Stiffness and Damping of Thin PFPE Lubricant Bridging Between Magnetic Disk and Diamond Probe Tip." Journal of Tribology 129, no. 4 (2007): 720–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2768070.

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Spring constants and damping coefficients of a thin lubricant bridge of a perfluoropolyether (PFPE) lubricant intervening between a diamond probe tip and a diamond-like carbon (DLC) surface of a magnetic disk are identified through regression analysis of tip damping vibration. PFPE lubricants with functional end groups were used to form a lubricant bridge between the DLC surface and a probe tip with a notably small curvature radius of 0.1μm. The tip was both retracted from and extended toward the disk surface at four different progressive distances to attain varied elongation of the bridge. It

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Allen, Stephen P., and Alena M. Grabowski. "Hopping with degressive spring stiffness in a full-leg exoskeleton lowers metabolic cost compared with progressive spring stiffness and hopping without assistance." Journal of Applied Physiology 127, no. 2 (2019): 520–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01003.2018.

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When humans hop with a passive-elastic exoskeleton with springs in parallel with both legs, net metabolic power (Pmet) decreases compared with normal hopping (NH). Furthermore, humans retain near-constant total vertical stiffness ( ktot) when hopping with such an exoskeleton. To determine how spring stiffness profile affects Pmet and biomechanics, 10 subjects hopped on both legs normally and with three full-leg exoskeletons that each used a different spring stiffness profile at 2.4, 2.6, 2.8, and 3.0 Hz. Each subject hopped with an exoskeleton that had a degressive spring stiffness (DGexo), wh

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Zhou, Zhongchao, Shota Kokubu, Yuanyuan Wang, Yuxi Lu, Pablo Enrique Tortos, and Wenwei Yu. "Optimization of Spring Constant of a Pneumatic Artificial Muscle-Spring Driven Antagonistic Structure." IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 7, no. 3 (2022): 5982–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lra.2022.3162021.

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Mishra, Akanksha, and M. L. Aggarwal. "Comparative deflection analysis of conical compression spring with standard constant rate helical spring." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 804 (June 17, 2020): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/804/1/012010.

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Khotimah, Siti Nurul, Sparisoma Viridi, Widayani, and Khairurrijal. "The dependence of the spring constant in the linear range on spring parameters." Physics Education 46, no. 5 (2011): 540–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9120/46/5/004.

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