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Bundle, Matthew W., and Peter G. Weyand. "Sprint Exercise Performance." Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews 40, no. 3 (July 2012): 174–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jes.0b013e318258e1c1.
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Dale, Julian, Daniel Muniz, Giuseppe Cimadoro, and Mark Glaister. "The short-term recovery of sprint cycling performance." Journal of Science and Cycling 11, no. 3 (December 31, 2022): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.28985/1322.jsc.11.
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Short-term sprint cycling performance recovery was investigated, with consideration to the Match Sprint. Fifteen strength-trained men (age: 24 ± 6 years; height: 1.81 ± 0.08 m; body mass: 83.4 ± 8.4 kg) were first familiarised with an 18 s sprint. During the baseline trial, blood lactate concentration, tissue saturation index, and oxygen uptake were monitored following a single sprint. In the remaining trials, the recovery duration (45, 90, 135, 180, 360, and 720 s) between two sprints was varied. Peak (PPO) and mean (MPO) power output were computed for each sprint. The recovery percentage of MPO and the recovery time-course of the physiological variables were modelled using one- and two-phase exponential functions. Statistical significance was set a priori at p < 0.05. Effects of sprint number, recovery time, and a sprint number × recovery time interaction were found for both PPO and MPO. Post hoc tests revealed significant differences between sprints at all time-points for both variables. The time constant (τ), 130.6 ± 95.6 s, of the one-phase exponential function (asymptotic amplitude [A0] = 97.4 ± 2.5%), suggested that performance recovery had stabilised within 12 minutes. However, the parameters of the two-phase function indicated that recovery was incomplete (A0 = 87.7 ± 6.4%, A1 = 11.9 ± 5.2%, τ0 = 56.3 ± 33.3 s, τ1 = 458.2 ± 283.3 s). The τ for MPO recovery was not significantly correlated with any of the physiological variables. The reduction in sprint cycling performance throughout the tested time-period could be meaningful for athletes competing in the Match Sprint.
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Botek, Michal, Deepesh Khanna, Jakub Krejčí, Michal Valenta, Andrew McKune, Barbora Sládečková, and Iva Klimešová. "Molecular Hydrogen Mitigates Performance Decrement during Repeated Sprints in Professional Soccer Players." Nutrients 14, no. 3 (January 25, 2022): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14030508.
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Hydrogen-rich water (HRW) supplementation has been shown to have an antifatigue effect across different modes of exercise. However, its effect on repeated sprint performance is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of pre-exercise HRW consumption on repeated sprint performance, lactate, and perceptual responses using a repeated sprint protocol. This randomized, double blinded, placebo controlled, crossover study included 16 professional, male soccer players aged 18.8 ± 1.2 years. Athletes performed two indoor tests, particularly 15 × 30 m track sprints interspersed by 20 s of recovery, separated by a 1-week washout period. Sprint time was measured at 15 m and 30 m. Ratings of perceived exertion were assessed immediately after each sprint, and post-exercise blood lactate concentration was measured after the last sprint. There were significantly faster sprint times after HRW consumption compared with placebo at 15 m for the 14th and 15th sprints, representing improvements in time of 3.4% and 2.7%, respectively. Sprint time at 30 m also significantly improved by 1.9% in the HRW group in the last sprint. However, neither lactate concentrations nor ratings of perceived exertion were significantly different between HRW and placebo. Pre-exercise HRW supplementation is associated with an increased ability to reduce fatigue, especially during the later stages of repeated sprint exercise.
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Attia, Ahmed, Zied Nèji, Néjiba Farhat, Aymen Khemiri, Ahmed Kouki, Nejib Rejeb, Riadh Khalifa, and Chortane Sabri Gaied. "Relationships between Horizontal Drop Jump Test and Sprint Performance." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 6, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs06.01.352.
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Researchers and trainers are continually looking for determinants of soccer talent in the youngest and in the relationship between individual motor features relevant to this kind of sport. There is a fundamental consensus in the opinion that sprinting and jumping share a number of similar characteristics in soccer players. To the authors’ knowledge, the majority of the studies has been conducted in adult and young athletes and there has yet to be an analysis with prepubescent male players. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the standing long jump, the three-hop test and sprint performance in prepubescent male soccer players. Material and methods. This study comprised 112 prepubescent soccer players (aged 12.08±1.79 years; height: 154.35±12.50 cm; body mass 43.69±10.28 kg). They were assessed for a 30-m linear sprint with three split sprint times, standing long jump test and three-hop test. The associations and relationships between horizontal jump performance in three-hop test and standing long jump with 0-5m, 10-m, 20-m and 30-m sprint times were investigated. Results and discussion. Correlations and linear regressions were assessed. There were weak and large associations between sprint and jump measures (r = -0.21 to -0.66; p <0.001). Linear regressions all included standing long jump as a predictor, but not three-hop test. There were no regression equations that would predict sprint times from triple hop distance that were significant. In their study of national team female athletes Agar-Newman and Klimstra, (2015) showed contradictory results. In their athletes, triple hop distance was a better predictor than standing long jump of both initial sprint speed, and maximal sprint speed. Thus, this area requires further research to better understand the mechanisms through which both sprint and jump performances are achieved in prepubescent male soccer players. Conclusion. Overall, the results of our study support the use of 30-m linear sprint and horizontal jump performance tests for prepubescent male soccer players. This research showed that sprint times correlated to horizontal jump performance in three-hop test and standing long jump tests. It showed the utility of the standing long jump test to evaluate lower limb performance between prepubescent male soccer players
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Thomas, Christopher, Paul Comfort, Paul A. Jones, and Thomas Dos’Santos. "A Comparison of Isometric Midthigh-Pull Strength, Vertical Jump, Sprint Speed, and Change-of-Direction Speed in Academy Netball Players." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 12, no. 7 (August 2017): 916–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0317.
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Purpose:To investigate the relationships between maximal isometric strength, vertical jump (VJ), sprint speed, and change-of-direction speed (CoDS) in academy netball players and determine whether players who have high performance in isometric strength testing would demonstrate superior performance in VJ, sprint speed, and CoDS measures.Method:Twenty-six young female netball players (age 16.1 ± 1.2 y, height 173.9 ± 5.7 cm, body mass 66.0 ± 7.2 kg) from a regional netball academy performed isometric midthigh pull (IMTP), squat jumps (SJs), countermovement jumps (CMJs), 10-m sprints, and CoDS (505).Results:IMTP measures displayed moderate to strong correlations with sprint and CoDS performance (r = –.41 to –.66). The VJs, which included SJs and CMJs, demonstrated strong correlations with 10-m sprint times (r = –.60 to –.65; P < .01) and CoDS (r = –.60 to –.71; P = .01). Stronger players displayed significantly faster sprint (ES = 1.1–1.2) and CoDS times (ES = 1.2–1.7) and greater VJ height (ES = 0.9–1.0) than weaker players.Conclusion:The results of this study illustrate the importance of developing high levels of lower-body strength to enhance VJ, sprint, and CoDS performance in youth netball players, with stronger athletes demonstrating superior VJ, sprint, and CoDS performances.
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Petrakis, Dimitrios, Eleni Bassa, Anastasia Papavasileiou, Anthi Xenofondos, and Dimitrios A. Patikas. "Backward Running: Acute Effects on Sprint Performance in Preadolescent Boys." Sports 8, no. 4 (April 23, 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports8040055.
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The aim of this study was to examine the acute effect of backward running (BwR) during warm-up on a 20-m sprint of boys’ performance, compared to forward running (FwR). Fourteen recreationally active preadolescent boys (aged 12.5 ± 0.5 years) were examined in 3 protocols: warm-up (control condition), warm-up with 3 × 10 m additional BwR sprints and warm-up with 3 × 10 m additional FwR sprints. Participants were evaluated 4 minutes after each protocol on a 20-m sprint and intermediate distances, as well as the rate of perceived exertion (RPE). Sprint speed across 10-20 m was significantly higher for the BwR warm-up compared to the regular warm-up (p < 0.05) and a significantly higher RPE after the BwR and FwR protocols compared to the control condition was recorded (p < 0.05). No significant difference was detected across the distances 0–5, 5–10, 0–10 and 0–20 m. Although adding 3 × 10-m sprints of BwR or FwR after the warm-up did not enhance performance in a 20 m sprint of preadolescent boys, the positive effect of BwR across 10–20 m distance suggests that BwR could be an alternative means for enhancing performance for certain phases of a sprint for this age. However, preadolescent boys’ response to different sprint conditioning exercise stimuli and the optimization of rest time to maximize performance remain to be determined.
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Toubekis, Argyris G., Ilias Smilios, Gregory C. Bogdanis, Georgios Mavridis, and Savvas P. Tokmakidis. "Effect of different intensities of active recovery on sprint swimming performance." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 31, no. 6 (December 2006): 709–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h06-075.
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Active recovery reduces blood lactate concentration faster than passive recovery and, when the proper intensity is applied, a positive effect on performance is expected. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of different intensities of active recovery on performance during repeated sprint swimming. Nine male well-trained swimmers performed 8 repetitions of 25 m sprints (8 × 25 m) interspersed with 45 s intervals, followed by a 50 m sprint test 6 min later. During the 45 s and 6 min interval periods, swimmers either rested passively (PAS) or swam at an intensity corresponding to 50% (ACT50) and 60% (ACT60) of their individual 100 m velocity. Blood lactate was higher during PAS compared with ACT50 and ACT60 trials (p < 0.05), whereas plasma ammonia and glycerol concentration were not different between trials (p > 0.05). Mean performance time for the 8 × 25 m sprints was better in the PAS compared with the ACT50 and ACT60 trials (PAS: 13.10 ± 0.07 vs. ACT50: 13.43 ± 0.10 and ACT60: 13.47 ± 0.10s, p < 0.05). The first 25 m sprint was not different across trials (p > 0.05), but performance decreased after sprint 2 during active recovery trials (ACT50 and ACT60) compared with the passive recovery (PAS) trial (p < 0.05). Performance time for the 50 m sprint performed 6 min after the 8 × 25 m sprints was no different between trials (p > 0.05). These results indicate that active recovery at intensities corresponding to 50% and 60% of the 100 m velocity during repeated swimming sprints decreases performance. Active recovery reduces blood lactate concentration, but does not affect performance on a 50 m sprint when 6 min recovery is provided. Passive recovery is advised during short-interval repeated sprint training in well-trained swimmers.
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Young, Damien, Jim Kilty, Liam Hennessy, and Giuseppe Coratella. "The Running Performance Decrement in Elite Hurling." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22 (November 19, 2020): 8191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10228191.
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Since the COVID-19 restrictions, hurling games have been played in four quarters instead of two halves. This study described the decrement in running performance between quarters in elite hurling. GPS (10 Hz) were used to collect data from 48 players over 20 games during 2018–2020 season. Total distance (TD), high-speed running (HSR), high-metabolic-load distance (HMLD), sprint-distance, and number of sprints (N-sprints) between quarters were assessed. Greater TD was covered in Q1 than Q3 (Cohen’s d = 0.26). HSR and HMLD was greater in Q1 than Q2 (d = 0.45 and d = 0.55, respectively), Q3 (d = 0.34 and d = 44, respectively) and Q4 (d = 0.38 and d = 0.48, respectively). Sprint-distance and N-sprints were similar (p > 0.05) across quarters. All positions experienced a drop-off in at least one quarter (d = 0.43–1.46) in all metrics except midfielders’ TD and full-forwards’ HSR and HMLD. Sprint-distance and N-sprints were similar (p > 0.05) in each quarter for all positions. Following Q1, players were able to maintain their running performance. The current results can aid the timing of substitutions especially in positions where temporal decrements were observed.
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Glaister, Mark, Colin Towey, Owen Jeffries, Daniel Muniz-Pumares, Paul Foley, and Gillian McInnes. "Caffeine and Sprint Cycling Performance: Effects of Torque Factor and Sprint Duration." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 14, no. 4 (April 1, 2019): 426–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0458.
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Purpose:To investigate the influence of torque factor and sprint duration on the effects of caffeine on sprint cycling performance.Methods:Using a counterbalanced, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design, 13 men completed 9 trials. In trial 1, participants completed a series of 6-s sprints at increasing torque factors to determine the torque factor, for each individual, that elicited the highest (Toptimal) peak power output (PPO). The remaining trials involved all combinations of torque factor (0.8 N·m−1·kg−1vsToptimal), sprint duration (10 s vs 30 s), and supplementation (caffeine [5 mg·kg−1] vs placebo).Results:There was a significant effect of torque factor on PPO, with higher values atToptimal(mean difference 168 W; 95% likely range 142–195 W). There was also a significant effect of sprint duration on PPO, with higher values in 10-s sprints (mean difference 52 W; 95% likely range 18–86 W). However, there was no effect of supplementation on PPO (P = .056). Nevertheless, there was a significant torque factor × sprint duration × supplement interaction (P = .036), with post hoc tests revealing that caffeine produced a higher PPO (mean difference 76 W; 95% likely range 19–133 W) when the sprint duration was 10 s and the torque factor wasToptimal.Conclusion:The results of this study show that when torque factor and sprint duration are optimized, to allow participants to express their highest PPO, there is a clear effect of caffeine on sprinting performance.
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Taylor, Jonathan M., Tom W. Macpherson, Iain R. Spears, and Matthew Weston. "Repeated Sprints: An Independent Not Dependent Variable." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 11, no. 5 (July 2016): 693–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0081.
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The ability to repeatedly perform sprints has traditionally been viewed as a key performance measure in team sports, and the relationship between repeated-sprint ability (RSA) and performance has been explored extensively. However, when reviewing the repeated-sprint profile of team-sports match play it appears that the occurrence of repeated-sprint bouts is sparse, indicating that RSA is not as important to performance as commonly believed. Repeated sprints are, however, a potent and time-efficient training strategy, effective in developing acceleration, speed, explosive leg power, aerobic power, and high-intensity-running performance—all of which are crucial to team-sport performance. As such, we propose that repeated-sprint exercise in team sports should be viewed as an independent variable (eg, a means of developing fitness) as opposed to a dependent variable (eg, a means of assessing fitness/performance).
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Martín-Fuentes, Isabel, and Roland van den Tillaar. "Relationship between Step-by-Step Foot Kinematics and Sprint Performance." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 11 (June 1, 2022): 6786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116786.
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Foot stiffness is a modulator of sprint performance. However, studies that analysed foot angular velocities using inertial measuring units (IMU) for different events within the sprint contact time phase are scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between angular foot step-by-step kinematics and sprint performance during a 50-metre sprint in experienced male and female sprinters. Foot kinematics were measured using IMU devices integrated with a 3-axis gyroscope and a laser gun. The main findings were that men performed faster sprints (6.11 ± 0.35 s vs. 6.77 ± 0.24 s), but the maximal angular foot kinematics were the same between sexes. Maximal angular velocities increased until strides 6–7, where they stabilized. Time from touchdown to maximal dorsiflexion velocity did not change between strides, whereas time from maximal dorsiflexion velocity to toe off decreased until stride 6. Plantarflexion velocities, especially in toe off, showed the greatest associations with sprint times, whereas maximal dorsiflexion velocity presented no association with sprint times. The time from dorsiflexion velocity to toe off from stride 7 onwards determined the sprint performance and was shorter for faster sprinters. The analysis of these variables provides essential information to athletes and coaches that may help to enhance the quality and efficiency of the sprint cycle by giving detailed information on each single stride of the sprint.
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Kasai, Nobukazu, Chihiro Kojima, Daichi Sumi, Hideyuki Takahashi, Kazushige Goto, and Yasuhiro Suzuki. "Impact of 5 Days of Sprint Training in Hypoxia on Performance and Muscle Energy Substances." International Journal of Sports Medicine 38, no. 13 (October 1, 2017): 983–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-117413.
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AbstractThe present study was designed to determine the effect of 5 consecutive days of repeated sprint training under hypoxia on anaerobic performance and energy substances. Nineteen male sprinters performed repeated sprints for 5 consecutive days under a hypoxic (HYPO; fraction of inspired oxygen [FiO2], 14.5%) or normoxic (NOR; FiO2, 20.9%) condition. Before and after the training period, 10-s maximal sprint, repeated sprint ability (5×6-s sprints), 30-s maximal sprint, and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) tests were conducted. Muscle glycogen and PCr contents were evaluated using carbon magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C-MRS) and phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS), respectively. The HYPO group showed significant increases in power output during the 10-s maximal sprint (P=0.004) and repeated sprint test (P=0.004), whereas the NOR group showed no significant change after the training period. Muscle glycogen and PCr contents increased significantly in both groups (P<0.05, respectively). However, relative increases were not significantly different between groups. These findings indicated that 5 consecutive days of repeated sprint training under hypoxic conditions increased maximal power output in competitive sprinters. Furthermore, short-term sprint training significantly augmented muscle glycogen and PCr contents with little added benefit from training in hypoxia.
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Seitz, Laurent B., Matt Barr, and G. Gregory Haff. "Effects of Sprint Training With or Without Ball Carry in Elite Rugby Players." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 10, no. 6 (September 2015): 761–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0193.
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Purpose:To compare the effects of sprint training with or without ball carry on the sprint performance of elite rugby league players.Methods:Twenty-four elite rugby league players were divided into a ball-carry group (BC; n = 12) and a no-ball-carry group (NBC; n = 12). The players of the BC group were required to catch and carry the ball under 1 arm during each sprint, whereas the NBC group performed sprints without carrying a ball. The 8-wk training intervention took place during the precompetitive phase of the season and consisted of 2 sessions/wk. Sprint performance was measured before and after the training intervention with 40-m linear sprints performed under 2 conditions: with and without ball carry. Split times of 10, 20, and 40 m were recorded for further analysis. A 3-way (group × time × condition) factorial ANOVA was performed to compare changes in sprint performance with and without the ball, before and after the training intervention for both BC and NBC training groups.Results:The BC and NBC groups experienced similar improvements in 10-, 20-, and 40-m sprint times and accelerations, regardless of the condition under which the sprint tests were performed (P = .19).Conclusions:Sprint training while carrying a rugby ball is as effective as sprint training without carrying a rugby ball for improving the sprint performance of elite rugby league players.
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Beaven, C. Martyn, Peter Maulder, Adrian Pooley, Liam Kilduff, and Christian Cook. "Effects of caffeine and carbohydrate mouth rinses on repeated sprint performance." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 38, no. 6 (June 2013): 633–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2012-0333.
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Our purpose was to examine the effectiveness of carbohydrate and caffeine mouth rinses in enhancing repeated sprint ability. Previously, studies have shown that a carbohydrate mouth rinse (without ingestion) has beneficial effects on endurance performance that are related to changes in brain activity. Caffeine ingestion has also demonstrated positive effects on sprint performance. However, the effects of carbohydrate or caffeine mouth rinses on intermittent sprints have not been examined previously. Twelve males performed 5 × 6-s sprints interspersed with 24 s of active recovery on a cycle ergometer. Twenty-five milliliters of either a noncaloric placebo, a 6% glucose, or a 1.2% caffeine solution was rinsed in the mouth for 5 s prior to each sprint in a double-blinded and balanced cross-over design. Postexercise maximal heart rate and perceived exertion were recorded, along with power measures. A second experiment compared a combined caffeine-carbohydrate rinse with carbohydrate only. Compared with the placebo mouth rinse, carbohydrate substantially increased peak power in sprint 1 (22.1 ± 19.5 W; Cohen's effect size (ES), 0.81), and both caffeine (26.9 ± 26.9 W; ES, 0.71) and carbohydrate (39.1 ± 25.8 W; ES, 1.08) improved mean power in sprint 1. Experiment 2 demonstrated that a combination of caffeine and carbohydrate improved sprint 1 power production compared with carbohydrate alone (36.0 ± 37.3 W; ES, 0.81). We conclude that carbohydrate and (or) caffeine mouth rinses may rapidly enhance power production, which could have benefits for specific short sprint exercise performance. The ability of a mouth-rinse intervention to rapidly improve maximal exercise performance in the absence of fatigue suggests a central mechanism.
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Kobal, Ronaldo, Tomás T. Freitas, Alberto Fílter, Bernardo Requena, Renato Barroso, Marcelo Rossetti, Renato M. Jorge, Leonardo Carvalho, Lucas A. Pereira, and Irineu Loturco. "Curve Sprint in Elite Female Soccer Players: Relationship with Linear Sprint and Jump Performance." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (February 26, 2021): 2306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052306.
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The aim of this study was to examine the associations between linear sprint, curve sprint (CS), change of direction (COD) speed, and jump performance in a sample of 17 professional female soccer players. All athletes performed squat and countermovement jumps, single leg horizontal triple jumps, 17 m linear sprints, CS tests, and a 17 m Zigzag COD test. A Pearson product–moment test was performed to determine the relationships among the assessed variables. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Nearly perfect associations (r > 0.9) were found between linear and CS velocities. Players faster in linear sprints and CS exhibited greater COD deficits. No significant associations were found between COD deficit and either body mass or sprint momentum. Jumping ability was significantly correlated with linear sprint and CS performance, but not to COD performance. These findings may be used by coaches and practitioners to guide testing and training prescriptions in this population. The associations observed here suggest that training methods designed to improve linear sprint and CS velocities may benefit from the implementation of vertically and horizontally oriented plyometric exercises.
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Sandbakk, Øyvind, Matt Spencer, Gertjan Ettema, Silvana Bucher Sandbakk, Knut Skovereng, and Boye Welde. "The Physiology and Biomechanics of Upper-Body Repeated Sprints in Ice Sledge Hockey." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 9, no. 1 (January 2014): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2012-0355.
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Purpose:To investigate performance and the associated physiological and biomechanical responses during upper-body repeated-sprint work.Methods:Twelve male ice sledge hockey players from the Norwegian national team performed eight 30-m sprints with start every 30 s and an active recovery between sprints. Time was captured every 10 m by photocells, cycle length and rate were determined by video analyses, and heart rate and blood lactate concentration were measured by conventional methods.Results:The percentage sprint decrement was 7% over the 8 trials, with significant reductions in performance from the previous trial already on the second trial (all P < .05). Furthermore, cycle rate was reduced by 9% over the 8 trials (P < .05). Similar changes in performance and kinematic patterns were evident for all 10-m phases of the sprints. Heart rate gradually increased to 94% of maximal (178 ± 10 beats/min) over the 8 trials, and the mean reduction in heart rate was 7 ± 2 beats/min during the 22–24 s of active recovery for all trials (all P < .05). The blood lactate concentration increased to the athletes’ maximal levels over the 8 sprints (P < .05).Conclusions:This is the first study to investigate performance, physiological, and biomechanical aspects of self-propelled upperbody repeated-sprint work. The observed sprint decrement over the 8 trials was associated with reductions in cycle rates and high physiological demands. However, no kinematic and physiological characteristics were significantly correlated to repeated-sprint ability or the sprint decrement.
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Pareja-Blanco, Fernando, Luis Suarez-Arrones, David Rodríguez-Rosell, Manuel López-Segovia, Pedro Jiménez-Reyes, Beatriz Bachero-Mena, and Juan José González-Badillo. "Evolution of Determinant Factors of Repeated Sprint Ability." Journal of Human Kinetics 54, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2016-0040.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the relationships between repeated sprint ability (RSA) and anthropometric measures as well as fitness qualities in soccer players. Twenty-one professional soccer players performed several anthropometric and physical tests including countermovement vertical jumps (CMJs), a straight-line 30 m sprint (T30), an RSA test (6 x 20 + 20 m with 20 s recovery), a progressive isoinertial loading test in a full squat, a Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level-1 (YYIRT-1) and a 20 m shuttle run test (20mSRT). The mean (RSAmean), the fastest (RSAbest), each single sprint time, and the percentage in a sprint decrease (%Dec) in the RSA test were calculated. RSAbest correlated significantly with RSAmean (r = .82) and with all single sprints (p < 0.05), showing a downward trend as the number of sprints performed increased. No significant relationship was observed between the %Dec and RSA performance. CMJs and the T30 also showed a correlation with RSA performance, whereas lower limb strength did not show any relationship with RSA performance. RSAmean showed significant (p < 0.05) relationships with body mass (r = .44), adiposity (r = .59) and the YYIRT-1 (r = -.62), increasing as the number of repeated sprints increased. The 20mSRT showed minimal relationships with RSA performance. In conclusion, maximal sprint capacity seems to be relevant for the RSA performance, mainly in the first sprints. However, high intermittent endurance capacity and low adiposity might help enhance the RSA performance when increasing the number of repeated sprints.
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López-Segovia, Manuel, Alexandre Dellal, Karim Chamari, and Juan José González-Badillo. "Importance of Muscle Power Variables in Repeated and Single Sprint Performance in Soccer Players." Journal of Human Kinetics 40, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2014-0022.
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Abstract This study examined the relationship between lower body power and repeated as well as single sprint performance in soccer players. The performance of nineteen male soccer players was examined. The first testing session included the countermovement jump (CMJL) and the progressive full squat (FSL), both with external loads. Power in the CMJL and FSL was measured with each load that was lifted. The second session included a protocol of 40-m repeated sprints with a long recovery period (2 min). The number of sprints executed until there was a 3% decrease in performance for the best 40-m sprint time was recorded as a repeated sprint index (RSI). The RSI was moderately associated with power output relative to body mass in the CMJL and FSL (r = 0.53/0.54, p ≤ 0.05). The most and least powerful players (determined by FSL) showed significant differences in the RSI (9.1 ± 4.2 vs. 6.5 ± 1.6) and 10 m sprint time (p 0.01). Repeated and single sprints are associated with relatively lower body power in soccer players.
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Marinho, Daniel, Maria Gil, Mario Cardoso Marques, Tiago Barbosa, and Henrique Neiva. "Complementing Warm-up with Stretching Routines: Effects in Sprint Performance." Sports Medicine International Open 01, no. 03 (May 2017): E101—E106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-111788.
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AbstactThe present study aimed to examine the effects of using static or dynamic stretching added to the common warm-up routine for short sprint distances and to repeated sprint performance. In 3 different sessions, 16 college-age men (n=10) and women (n=6) performed one of 3 warm-ups followed by a 2×60 m dash sprint time trial (5 min of rest) in a counterbalanced design. The control warm-up consisted of 10 min of light-intensity running, and the 2 experimental warm-ups included a static or dynamic stretching routine (5 exercises) in the control warm-up. Performance (time) and physiological variables (tympanic temperature, heart rate) were monitored. In the first 60 m time trial, there were no differences between the 3 warm-ups tested (F=0.21, p=0.73; ηp 2=0.01), as opposed to that observed in the second (F=7.04, p<0.01; ηp 2=0.32). The participants were 1.7% faster after the static stretching warm-up compared with the control warm-up. The sum of the time performed in the 2 sprints emphasizes these results, with better performances after the static stretching warm-up than the control (1%) or dynamic stretching warm-up (0.7%). These results suggest that including a set of static or dynamic stretching exercises may enhance sprinting performance. The better performance in the second trial after the warm-up including static stretching suggests that this type of stretching may positively influence repeated sprint performance (<10 s sprint).
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Arede, Jorge, Sogand Poureghbali, Tomás Freitas, John Fernandes, Wolfgang I. Schöllhorn, and Nuno Leite. "The Effect of Differential Repeated Sprint Training on Physical Performance in Female Basketball Players: A Pilot Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23 (November 30, 2021): 12616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312616.
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This pilot study aimed to determine the effects of differential learning in sprint running with and without changes of direction (COD) on physical performance parameters in female basketball players and to determine the feasibility of the training protocol. Nine female basketball players completed 4 weeks of repeated sprint training (RST) with (COD, n = 4) or without (NCOD, n = 5) changes of direction. A battery of sprints (0–10 and 0–25 m), vertical jumps (counter movement jump (CMJ), drop jump, and single-leg CMJs), and COD tests were conducted before and after intervention. NCOD completed two sets of ten sprints of 20 m, whereas COD performed 20 m sprints with a 180 degree turn at 10 m, returning to the starting line. Before each sprint, participants were instructed to provide different fluctuations (i.e., differential learning) in terms of varying the sprint. Both groups had 30 s of passive recovery between two sprints and 3 min between sets. A significant effect of time for the 0–10 m sprint, CMJ, and single leg-CMJ asymmetries were observed. Adding “erroneous” fluctuation during RST seems to be a suitable and feasible strategy for coaches to enhance physical performance in young female basketball players. However, further studies including larger samples and controlled designs are recommended to strengthen present findings.
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Engel, Florian Azad, Billy Sperlich, Christian Stockinger, Sascha Härtel, Klaus Bös, and Hans-Christer Holmberg. "The kinetics of blood lactate in boys during and following a single and repeated all-out sprints of cycling are different than in men." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 40, no. 6 (June 2015): 623–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2014-0370.
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This study characterized the impact of high-intensity interval training on the kinetics of blood lactate and performance in trained boys and men. Twenty-one boys (11.4 ± 0.8 years) and 19 men (29.4 ± 5.0 years) performed a set of four 30-s sprints with 2-min of rest and a single 30-s sprint on 2 separate occasions (randomized order) with assessment of performance. Blood lactate was assayed after each sprint and during 30 min of recovery from both tests. The individual time-curves of blood lactate concentration were fitted to the biexponential function as follows: [Formula: see text], where the velocity parameters γ1and γ2reflect the capacity to release lactate from the previously active muscle into the blood and to subsequently eliminate lactate from the organism, respectively. In both tests, peak blood lactate concentration was significantly lower in the boys (four 30-s sprints: 12.2 ± 3.6 mmol·L−1; single 30-s sprint: 8.7 ± 1.8 mmol·L−1) than men (four 30-s sprints: 16.1 ± 3.3 mmol·L−1; single 30-s sprint: 11.5 ± 2.1; p < 0.001). The boys exhibited faster γ1(1.4531 ± 0.65 min; p < 0.001) and γ2(0.059 ± 0.023 min; p = 0.01) in the single 30-s sprint and faster γ2(0.049 ± 0.016 min; p = 0.01) in the four 30-s sprints. The worsening of performance from the first to the last of the four 30-s sprints was less pronounced in boys (9.2% ± 13.9%) than men (19.2% ± 11.5%; p = 0.01). In the present study boys, when compared with men, exhibited lower Peak blood lactate concentration; less pronounced decline in performance during the sprints concomitantly with more rapid release and elimination during the single 30-s sprint; and faster elimination of lactate following the four 30-s sprints.
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Beis, Lukas, Yaser Mohammad, Chris Easton, and Yannis P. Pitsiladis. "Failure of Glycine-Arginine-α-Ketoisocaproic Acid to Improve High-Intensity Exercise Performance in Trained Cyclists." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 21, no. 1 (February 2011): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.21.1.33.
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Oral supplementation with glycine-arginine-α-ketoisocaproic acid (GAKIC) has previously been shown to improve exhaustive high-intensity exercise performance. There are no controlled studies involving GAKIC supplementation in well-trained subjects. The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of GAKIC supplementation on fatigue during high-intensity, repeated cycle sprints in trained cyclists. After at least 2 familiarization trials, 10 well-trained male cyclists completed 2 supramaximal sprint tests each involving 10 sprints of 10 s separated by 50-s rest intervals on an electrically braked cycle ergometer. Subjects ingested 11.2 g of GAKIC or placebo (Pl) during a period of 45 min before the 2 experimental trials, administered in a randomized and double-blind fashion. Peak power declined from the 1st sprint (M ± SD; Pl 1,332 ± 307 W, GAKIC 1,367 ± 342 W) to the 10th sprint (Pl 1,091 ± 229 W, GAKIC 1,061 ± 272 W) and did not differ between conditions (p = .88). Mean power declined from the 1st sprint (Pl 892 ± 151 W, GAKIC 892 ± 153 W) to the 10th sprint (Pl 766 ± 120 W, GAKIC 752 ± 138 W) and did not differ between conditions (p = .96). The fatigue index remained at ~38% throughout the series of sprints and did not differ between conditions (p = .99). Heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion increased from the 1st sprint to the 10th sprint and did not differ between conditions (p = .11 and p = .83, respectively). In contrast to previous studies in untrained individuals, these results suggest that GAKIC has no ergogenic effect on repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise in trained individuals.
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Abbey, Elizabeth L., and Janet Walberg Rankin. "Effect of Quercetin Supplementation on Repeated-Sprint Performance, Xanthine Oxidase Activity, and Inflammation." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 21, no. 2 (April 2011): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.21.2.91.
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Maintenance of repeated-sprint performance is a goal during team-sport competition such as soccer. Quercetin has been shown to be an adenosine-receptor antagonist and may reduce oxidative stress via inhibition of the enzyme xanthine oxidase (XO). The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of quercetin consumption on performance of repeated sprints and, secondarily, the XO and inflammatory-marker response induced by repeated-sprint exercise. Fifteen recreationally active, young adult men completed 2 repeated-sprint tests (RST), 12 × 30-m maximal-effort sprints (S1–S12), each after 1 wk supplementation with a placebo, a 6% carbohydrate commercial sports drink, or that drink with 500 mg of quercetin-3-glucoside, consumed twice a day (1,000 mg/d). Blood samples were collected before supplementation (B0), at baseline before each RST (B1), immediately after RST (B2), and 1 hr after RST (B3). Mean sprint time increased progressively and was significantly higher by S9 for both treatments (5.9%); however, there were no significant differences between treatments. Percent fatigue decrement (%FD) for placebo (3.8% ± 2.3%) was significantly less than with quercetin (5.1% ± 2.7%). Changes in blood XO, IL-6, and uric acid from B1 to B2 were +47%, +77%, and +25%, respectively, with no difference by treatment. In conclusion, repeated-sprint performance was not improved by quercetin supplementation and was worse than with placebo when expressed as %FD. Quercetin did not attenuate indicators of XO activity or IL-6, a marker of the inflammatory response after sprint exercise.
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Fostiak, Krzysztof, Marta Bichowska, Robert Trybulski, Bartosz Trabka, Michal Krzysztofik, Nicholas Rolnick, Aleksandra Filip-Stachnik, and Michal Wilk. "Acute Effects of Ischemic Intra-Conditioning on 30 m Sprint Performance." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (October 3, 2022): 12633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912633.
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The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of ischemic intra-conditioning applied during rest intervals on 30 m sprint performance. Thirty-four trained male (n = 12) and female (n = 22) track and field and rugby athletes volunteered to participate in the study (age = 19.6 ± 4 years; training experience = 5.3 ± 1.9 years). In a randomized and counterbalanced order, participants performed six sets of 30 m sprints under three different testing conditions: without ischemic intra-conditioning, and with ischemic intra-conditioning at 60% or 80% arterial occlusion pressure applied bilaterally before the first trial of the sprint and during the rest periods between all sprint trials. During experimental sessions, subjects perform 6 × 30 m sprints with a 7 min rest interval between attempts. The cuffs were applied following a 1 min rest period and lasted for 5 min before being released at the 6th minute to allow for reperfusion (1 min + 5 min ischemic intra-conditioning + 1 min reperfusion). The two-way repeated measures ANOVA did not show statistically significant condition × set interaction for time of the sprint (p = 0.06; η2 = 0.05). There was also no main effect of ischemic intra-conditioning for any condition (p = 0.190; η2 = 0.05). This study indicates that ischemic intra-conditioning did not enhance the performance of 30 m sprints performed by athletes. However, ischemic intra-conditioning did not decrease performance either.
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Möck, Sebastian, René Hartmann, and Klaus Wirth. "VERTICAL JUMPING PERFORMANCE RELATES TO SPRINTING PERFORMANCE OVER SHORT DISTANCES AND DIFFERENT SECTIONS." Journal of Applied Sports Sciences 2, no. 2021 (December 20, 2021): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/jass.2021.02.2.
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A high level of sprinting performance is relevant in various sports. Because of the transition of movement patterns in different sprint sections there is a shift in the relevance of speed-strength of the knee and hip extensors, and stretch-shortening cycle performance seems conceivable. Fifty-six physical education students (23.70 ± 3.00 years, 176.9 ± 8.10cm, 74.20 ± 10.30kg) were investigated. They performed sprints up to 30m in which different sections were analyzed and vertical jumps (squat jump, countermovement jump, drop jump from different dropping heights). Vertical jumping tests in squat jump and countermovement jump revealed mean values of 31.95 ± 6.56cm and 34.28 ± 7.47cm, respectively, while the drop jumps showed mean RSI values between 155.11 ± 36.77 and 168.24 ± 36.29 dependent on the dropping height. The sprint test showed a mean performance of 4.464 ± .343s (30m). The correlational analysis showed significant correlations (p < .01) for vertical jumping height with all sprinting sections (r = −.652 to −.834). Drop jump performance also showed significant correlations (p < .01) with all the sections (r = −.379 to −.594). The results let us hypothesize that the observed sample generated similar ground-reaction forces in the sprint and drop jump from a height of 40 cm.
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Krakan, Ivan, Luka Milanovic, and Ivan Belcic. "Effects of Plyometric and Repeated Sprint Training on Physical Performance." Sports 8, no. 7 (June 27, 2020): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports8070091.
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The purpose of study was to resolve the effect of plyometric training and repeated sprint training on physical performance. The study was conducted on 41 subjects in two experimental groups (plyometric/repeated sprints training). Before and after the training program, subjects were subjected to diagnostic procedures that included standard test protocols. Results proved a statistically significant difference only after the plyometric training program compared to the repeated sprint group in countermovement jump (8.65% vs. 2.21%). In variable repeated jumps, an increased value was recorded (2.9% vs. 4.29%), like in sprint variables after the training program where certain trends of progress happened after the repeated sprint ability training and the specificity of the program (5 m = 0.89%, 10 m = 1.07% and 25 m = 1.35%), while plyometric training recorded unchanged values at 5 and 10 m, and a 0.27% improvement at 25 m. Stagnation of the 20-yard test was recorded in both groups. There was no difference between training programs in any variables of functional capacities, with similar measures recorded in repeated sprint ability. After six weeks of both training types, positive changes can be expected in explosive strength of lower extremities, increases in acceleration area, and maximum speed.
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Girard, Olivier, Franck Brocherie, Jean-Benoit Morin, and Grégoire P. Millet. "Intrasession and Intersession Reliability of Running Mechanics During Treadmill Sprints." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 11, no. 4 (May 2016): 432–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0145.
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Purpose:To determine the intrasession and intersession (ie, within- and between-days) reliability in treadmill sprinting-performance outcomes and associated running mechanics.Methods:After familiarization, 13 male recreational sportsmen (team- and racket-sport background) performed three 5-s sprints on an instrumented treadmill with 2 min recovery on 3 different days, 5–7 d apart. Intrasession (comparison of the 3 sprints of the first session) and intersession (comparison of the average of the 3 sprints across days) reliability of performance, kinetics, kinematics, and spring-mass variables were assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficients of variation (CV%).Results:Intrasession reliability was high (ICC > .94 and CV < 8%). Intersession reliability was good for performance indices (.83 < ICC < .89 and CV < 10%, yet with larger variability for mean velocity than for distance covered or propulsive power) and kinetic parameters (ICC > .94 and CV < 5%, yet with larger variability for mean horizontal forces than for mean vertical forces) and ranged from good to high for all kinematic (.88 < ICC < .95 and CV ≤ 3.5%) and spring-mass variables (.86 < ICC < .99 and CV ≤ 6.5%). Compared with intrasession, minimal detectable differences were on average twice larger for intersession designs, except for sprint kinetics.Conclusion:Instrumented treadmill sprint offers a reliable method of assessing running mechanics during single sprints either within the same session or between days.
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Van Den Tillaar, Roland, Amaro Teixeira, and Daniel Marinho. "Acute effect of resisted sprinting upon regular sprint performance." Acta Kinesiologiae Universitatis Tartuensis 23 (January 18, 2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/akut.2017.23.02.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of resisted sprinting upon running sprint performance. Thirty male athletes from track and field (age: 21.2±2.9 yrs, body mass: 69.8±9.8 kg, height: 1.75±0.08 m) performed two different test sessions (one day of 7×60 m runs alternating between regular and resisted sprinting and the other day 7×60 m of regular sprints) with 5 min between each run. Sled towing individually weighted to 10% of each participant’s body mass was used as resistance for the resisted sprints. It was found that training with or without resistance had the same effect; there is no acute effect of resisted sprinting upon sprint performance after using resisted runs. It was concluded that resisted sprinting does not have any acute positive effect upon regular sprints of 60 m, but only a fatiguing effect.
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Hedrick, Allen. "Weightlifting Movements and Sprint Performance." Strength and Conditioning Journal 40, no. 1 (February 2018): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0000000000000357.
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Glaister, Mark, Colin Towey, Owen Jeffries, Daniel Muniz-Pumares, Paul Foley, and Gillian McInnes. "Caffeine and Sprint Cycling Performance." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 49, no. 5S (May 2017): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000517659.98442.e7.
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Beneke, Ralph, Matthias Hütler, Renate M. Leithäuser, and Dieter Böning. "Respiratory Alkalosis Enhances Sprint Performance." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 41 (May 2009): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000355187.88981.bd.
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Martin, Kristy, Disa Smee, Kevin G. Thompson, and Ben Rattray. "No Improvement of Repeated-Sprint Performance With Dietary Nitrate." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 9, no. 5 (September 2014): 845–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0384.
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Purpose:Nitrate supplementation improves endurance exercise and single bouts of high-intensity activity, but its effect on repeated sprints is unclear. This study is the first to investigate the effects of acute dietary nitrate supplementation during a high-intensity intermittent-sprint test to exhaustion.Methods:Team-sport athletes (9 male, age 22.3 ± 2.1 y, VO2max 57.4 ± 8.5 mL · kg−1 · min−1; 7 female, age 20.7 ± 1.3 y, VO2max 47.2 ± 8.5 mL · kg−1 · min−1) were assigned to a double-blind, randomized, crossover design. Participants consumed 70 mL of concentrated beetroot juice containing a minimum of 0.3 g of nitrate (NT) or 70 mL of placebo (PL) 2 h before a repeated-sprint protocol involving repeated 8-s sprints with 30-s recovery on a cycle ergometer to exhaustion.Results:Fewer sprints (NT = 13 ± 5 vs PL = 15 ± 6, P = .005, d = 0.41) and less total work (NT = 49.2 ± 24.2 kJ vs PL = 57.8 ± 34.0 kJ, P = .027, d = 0.3) were completed in NT relative to PL. However there was no difference in overall mean power output or the mean power output for each individual 8-s sprint.Conclusions:These findings suggest that dietary nitrate is not beneficial for improving repeated-sprint performance, at least when such sprints are near-maximal and frequent in nature. The lack of an effect of nitrate at near-maximal oxygen uptake supports the suggestion that at greater exercise intensities nitrate does not have an ergogenic effect.
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Bachero-Mena, Beatriz, Miguel Sánchez-Moreno, Fernando Pareja-Blanco, and Borja Sañudo. "Acute and Short-Term Response to Different Loading Conditions During Resisted Sprint Training." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 15, no. 7 (August 1, 2020): 997–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0723.
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Purpose: To analyze the acute and short-term physical and metabolic responses to resisted sprint training with 5 different loading conditions (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% body mass). Methods: Fifteen male participants performed 8 × 20-m sprints with 2-minute rests between sprints with 5 different loading conditions. Subjects performed a battery of tests (creatine kinase and lactate concentrations, countermovement jump, 20-m sprint, and isokinetic knee extension and flexion contractions) at 3 different time points (preexercise [PRE], postexercise [POST], and 24-h postexercise [POST24H]). Results: Results revealed significant increases in blood lactate for all loading conditions; however, as sled loadings increased, higher blood lactate concentrations and increments in sprint times during the training session were observed. Significant increases in creatine kinase concentration were observed from PRE to POST24H for all loading conditions. Concerning physical performance, significant decreases in countermovement-jump height from PRE to POST were found for all loading conditions. In addition, significant decreases in 20-m sprint performance from PRE to POST were observed for 0% (P = .05) and 80% (P = .02). No significant differences with PRE were observed for the physical-performance variables at POST24H, except for 20% load, which induced a significant decrease in mean power during knee flexion (P = .03). Conclusions: These results suggest that the higher the load used during resisted sprint training, the higher the physical-performance impairments and metabolic response produced, although all loading conditions led to a complete recovery of sprint performance at POST24H.
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Henríquez, Matías Javier, Marco Kokaly, Felipe Herrera, and Raul Reina. "The relationship among repeated sprint and change of direction abilities in football players with cerebral palsy." Kinesiology 52, no. 2 (2020): 208–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26582/k.52.2.6.
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This study aimed to describe and determine relationships between repeated sprint and change of direction (COD) abilities in football players with cerebral palsy according to four sport classes (FT5 to FT8). Seventeen male football players with cerebral palsy took part in this study (23.0±4.7 years, 65.9±9.5 kg, 168.8±5.9 cm). The repeated sprint ability (6×40-m sprints with a 20-second recovery) was evaluated to determine the best sprint time, mean sprint time, and percentage of sprint decrement. The difference in lactate concentration was determined using blood samples taken three minutes before and after testing. The Illinois Agility Test (IAT) was also used to assess players’ change of direction ability. The FT8 players had better performance (p<.01) in the best sprint time, mean sprint time and in the IAT scores compared to the players of the sport classes FT5/6. Players of the sport class FT7 also reached higher performance in the IAT compared to the players of the sport classes FT5/6 (p<.05). A significant correlation was found between the best sprint time and mean sprint time (r=.94, p<.01), the best sprint time and the IAT (r=.62, p<.01), and between the best sprint time and the difference in lactate concentration (r=-.51, p<.05). The relationships between repeated sprint and change of direction abilities demonstrate the performance profile of para-footballers with cerebral palsy in those variables according to their sport classes, exhibiting lower performance than the values reported for regular football players.
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Beato, Marco, Giuseppe Coratella, Mattia Bianchi, Emanuele Costa, and Michele Merlini. "Short-Term Repeated-Sprint Training (Straight Sprint vs. Changes of Direction) in Soccer Players." Journal of Human Kinetics 70, no. 1 (November 30, 2019): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2019-0040.
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Abstract Repeated-sprint training (RST) is considered a critical training method in team sports. It is well known that RST effects may depend on several variables such as the duration of the protocol and repeated-sprint methodology. Few studies have evaluated very short-term protocols and compared different RST modalities. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of 2 week RST including straight sprints or changes of direction (CODs) on physical performance in a sample of soccer players. This study used a randomised pre-post parallel group trial design. The participants were assigned to either an RST group using straight sprints (RST-SS = 18 players) or an RST group using CODs (RST-COD = 18 players). The protocols were: 3 sets of 7 x 30 m sprints for the RST-SS and 7 x 20 + 20 m (one COD of 180°) for the RST-COD, with 20 s and 4 min recovery between sprints and sets, respectively. The following evaluations were performed: 10 and 20 m sprint, agility test, repeated sprint test (RSTbest and RSTmean), and Yo-Yo Recovery Level 1. After the training period, the RST-SS did not report any performance variation, while the RST-COD showed improvements in the 10 m sprint and RSTbest (effect size = 0.70 and 0.65, respectively). The between-group analysis did not report any statistical difference between the RST-SS and the RST-COD. In conclusion, this study did not support the utilisation of a very short-term RST protocol with soccer players, however, the RST-COD presented some additional benefits in sprint performance compared to the RST-SS.
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Matzenbacher, Fernando, Bruno Natale Pasquarelli, Felipe Nunes Rabelo, Antônio Carlos Dourado, Julia Zoccolaro Durigan, Hélcio Gonçalves Rossi, and Luiz Cláudio Reeberg Stanganelli. "Adaptações nas capacidades físicas de atletas de futsal da categoria sub 18 no decorrer de uma temporada competitiva." Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance 18, no. 1 (March 16, 2016): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n1p50.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n1p50 The aim of this study was to verify and to analyze adaptations on physical and physiological variables of futsal athletes during the pre-competitive and competitive phases of a training macrocycle. The sample was composed of nine Under-18 futsal athletes who performed the following tests: vertical jump, 10 and 30-meter linear sprint, repeated sprint ability test, Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 and VO2máx. Based on the qualitative analysis of the change magnitude, it was possible to verify adaptations from training for the vertical jump test (certainly positive), 10-meter linear sprint (likely decrease), 30-meter linear sprint (irrelevant), repeated sprint ability test for best sprint (irrelevant), mean of sprints (likely decrease), fatigue index (likely decrease), YYIRI (likely increase), VO2máx (likely decrease) and speed of VO2máx (likely increase). Thus, it was possible to verify that training-induced adaptations were positive since athletes improved their performance for the most control tests for each physical capacities of futsal (vertical jumps, 10-meter linear sprint, and repeated agility sprint test for the mean of sprints and fatigue index and aerobic resistance. Therefore, data have shown that athletes improved their physical performance considering the characteristics of futsal during training throughout a macrocycle.
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Fjørkenstad Dybdal, Hågen, and Roland Van Den Tillaar. "The acute and post-activation potentiation effects of the SPEEDMAKER™ on step-by step kinematics, muscle activation and performance in 30-m sprints." Acta Kinesiologiae Universitatis Tartuensis 24 (January 2, 2019): 74–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/akut.2018.24.06.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of using the SpeedMaker™ on step-by-step kinematics and muscle activity in 30-m sprints and if it is possible to elicit a post-activation potentiation stimulus with the SpeedMaker™ upon subsequent 30-m sprint performance. Thirteen male soccer players (age: 22.8±1.8 yr, body mass: 75.1±11.9 kg, height: 1.80±0.08 m) participated in a repeated measure and cross-over design consisting of two conditions: three normal 30-m sprints (control) and two normal 30-m sprints divided by one 30-m sprint with the SpeedMaker™ (intervention). Kinematics were measured for each step together with the peak muscle activity of the hamstrings, quadriceps and gluteus during each stride of each 30-m sprint. The main findings were that sprinting with the SpeedMaker™ increased sprint times by 1.7% compared to normal 30-m sprints. However, no occurrence of a postactivation potentiation (PAP) response was found when performing a 30-m sprint with the SpeedMaker™ prior to a normal 30-m sprint in male soccer players. Furthermore, no detectable differences in step-by-step analysis on kinematics and muscle activity were found between the sprints with and without the SpeedMaker™. Only hamstrings and gluteus activity increased per stride over 30-m. It was concluded that the SpeedMaker™ did influence sprint times, but only in a small way that kinematics and muscle activity did not change detectable. Furthermore, that the SpeedMaker™ did not elicit a PAP effect. In addition, increased hamstring and gluteus maximus activation during the 30-m sprints suggests that these muscles are very important for acceleration, and that it is likely that acute hamstring strains occur when a soccer player is close to maximal velocity, as hamstring activation is maximal at that point.
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RIBEIRO, Jorge, José AFONSO, Miguel CAMÕES, Hugo Sarmento, Mario SA, Ricardo LIMA, and Filipe Manuel CLEMENTE. "Methodological characteristics, physiological and physical effects, and future directions for velocity-based training in soccer: A systematic review." Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity 14, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): Article1. http://dx.doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.14.3.01.
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Introduction. This systematic review was conducted to (1) characterize the main elements of studies of velocity-based training (VBT) (e.g., training protocols) conducted in soccer, (2) summarize the main physiological and physical effects of VBT on soccer players, and (3) provide future directions for research. Methods: A systematic review of Cochrane Library, EBSCO, PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: The database search initially identified 127 titles. Of those, five articles were deemed eligible for the systematic review, two studies used a traditional strength training approach, and the other remaining three used sprint training with either resisted sprints or combined resisted and unresisted sprints. All studies addressed strength and power and sprint outcomes, three measured jump performance improvements, and only one study addressed spatiotemporal and kinematics or aerobic measures regarding adaptations to VBT interventions. Only one study addressed acute responses to VBT training regarding spatiotemporal variables and kinematics. Conclusions: Acute responses to VBT training were as follows: when sprint time decreases by at least 50–60%, sprint kinematics are immediately affected, but spatiotemporal variables are only significantly affected when velocity loss (v.loss) reaches at least 60%. For long-term adaptations, it seems that for strength increases using the squat, higher or lower velocity loss due to in-set fatigue accumulation does not make a difference, although it does affect jump performance, favoring the low v.loss groups (15%). The same applies to sprint, as low v.loss accumulation due to fatigue along sets seems to be detrimental to sprint performance adaptations. Moreover, high v.loss during sprints due to external load can improve sprint performance without harming the running technique as was previously thought.
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Grobler, Lara, Suzanne Ferreira, and Elmarie Terblanche. "Paralympic Sprint Performance Between 1992 and 2012." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 10, no. 8 (November 2015): 1052–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0560.
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The Paralympic Games have undergone many changes since their inception in 1960, one being the advances made in running-specific prostheses (RSPs) for track athletes with lower-limb amputations.Purpose:To investigate the sprinting-performance changes in athletes with lower-limb amputations since 1992 to assess whether the influence of developments in RSP technology is evident.Methods:The results of the Olympic and Paralympic Games ranging between 1992 and 2012 for the 100-m and 200-m were collected, and performance trends, percentage change in performance, and competition density (CD) were calculated.Results:The results indicate that the greatest performance increases were seen in athletes with lower-limb amputations (T42 = 26%, T44 = 14%). These performance improvements were greater than for Olympic athletes (<3%), as well as Paralympic athletes from other selected classes (<10%). The T42 and T44 classes also showed the lowest CD values.Discussion:These results suggest that although there is an overall trend for improved Paralympic sprint performances, RSP technology has played a noteworthy role in the progression of performances of athletes with amputations. It is also hypothesized that the difference in the performance improvements between the T42 and T44 classes is due to the level of disability and therefore the extent to which technology is required to enable locomotion.Conclusion:It is evident that RSP technology has played a significant role in the progression of performances in athletes with lower-limb amputations.
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Gwacham, Nnamdi, and Dale R. Wagner. "Acute Effects of a Caffeine-Taurine Energy Drink on Repeated Sprint Performance of American College Football Players." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 22, no. 2 (April 2012): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.22.2.109.
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Consumption of energy drinks is common among athletes; however, there is a lack of research on the efficacy of these beverages for short-duration, intense exercise. The purpose of this research was to investigate the acute effects of a low-calorie caffeine-taurine energy drink (AdvoCare Spark) on repeated sprint performance and anaerobic power in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I football players. Twenty football players (age 19.7 ± 1.8 yr, height 184.9 ± 5.3 cm, weight 100.3 ± 21.7 kg) participated in a double-blind, randomized crossover study in which they received the energy drink or an isoenergetic, isovolumetric, noncaffeinated placebo in 2 trials separated by 7 days. The Running Based Anaerobic Sprint Test, consisting of six 35-m sprints with 10 s of rest between sprints, was used to assess anaerobic power. Sprint times were recorded with an automatic electronic timer. The beverage treatment did not significantly affect power (F = 3.84, p = .066) or sprint time (F = 3.06, p = .097). However, there was a significant interaction effect between caffeine use and the beverage for sprint times (F = 4.62, p = .045), as well as for anaerobic power (F = 5.40, p = .032), indicating a confounding effect. In conclusion, a caffeine-taurine energy drink did not improve the sprint performance or anaerobic power of college football players, but the level of caffeine use by the athletes likely influenced the effect of the drink.
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Nicholson, Ben, Alex Dinsdale, Ben Jones, and Kevin Till. "Sprint and Jump Mechanical Profiles in Academy Rugby League Players: Positional Differences and the Associations between Profiles and Sprint Performance." Sports 9, no. 7 (June 25, 2021): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports9070093.
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This cross-sectional study evaluated the sprint and jump mechanical profiles of male academy rugby league players, the differences between positions, and the associations between mechanical profiles and sprint performance. Twenty academy rugby league players performed 40-m sprints and squat jumps at increasing loads (0–80 kg) to determine individual mechanical (force-velocity-power) and performance variables. The mechanical variables (absolute and relative theoretical maximal force-velocity-power, force-velocity linear relationship, and mechanical efficiency) were determined from the mechanical profiles. Forwards had significantly (p < 0.05) greater vertical and horizontal force, momentum but jumped lower (unloaded) and were slower than backs. No athlete presented an optimal jump profile. No associations were found between jump and sprint mechanical variables. Absolute theoretical maximal vertical force significantly (p < 0.05) correlated (r = 0.71–0.77) with sprint momentum. Moderate (r = −0.47) to near-perfect (r = 1.00) significant associations (p < 0.05) were found between sprint mechanical and performance variables. The largest associations shifted from maximum relative horizontal force-power generation and application to maximum velocity capabilities and force application at high velocities as distance increased. The jump and sprint mechanical profiles appear to provide distinctive and highly variable information about academy rugby league players’ sprint and jump capacities. Associations between mechanical variables and sprint performance suggest horizontal and vertical profiles differ and should be trained accordingly.
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Tomko, Patrick M., C. Matthew Laurent, Adam M. Fullenkamp, Nicholas R. Voth, and Carmen A. Young. "Mouth Rinsing Cabohydrates Serially does not Improve Repeated Sprint Time." Journal of Human Kinetics 67, no. 1 (July 5, 2019): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2018-0076.
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AbstractSensing carbohydrates via the oral cavity benefits performance outcomes during brief high intensity bouts of exercise. However, the extent to which carbohydrates need to be present in the oral cavity to influence sprint performance is less understood. The purpose of this study was to determine if serial increases in carbohydrate rinse time across sprint sets attenuates increases in sprint time compared to no serial increases in carbohydrate rinse time across sprint sets. Fifteen sprint trained participants completed three repeated anaerobic sprint tests (RAST), 3 sets of 6 x 35-m sprints, under two different carbohydrate mouth rinsing (CMR) conditions; (1) rinsing for only 5 seconds (s), and (2) rinsing for 5 s, 10 s and 15 s (serial rinse). Prior to a RAST, participants provided perceived recovery status (PRS) and perceived feeling of arousal (FAS). Upon completion of each individual sprint, participants gave a rating of perceived exertion (RPE). A lactate sample was taken upon completion of each individual sprint set and after all 3 RASTs a session rating of perceived exertion (S-RPE) was measured. There were no significant differences in peak (p = 0.18) and average sprint time (p = 0.41). There were no significant differences in perceptual measures: RPE, PRS, FAS, S-RPE or for blood lactate concentration between CMR conditions. Overall, serial rinsing resulted in changes that were most likely trivial, but showed a 50% chance in perceiving a sprint session as less difficult. Rinsing carbohydrates in a serial manner between repeated sprint sets produces trivial changes of sprint speed and perceptual measures from sprint performance.
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Ibrahim Hassan, Ibrahim Hamed. "Relationship between strength, speed and change direction performance in field hockey players." MOJ Sports Medicine 2, no. 1 (February 26, 2018): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojsm.2018.02.00046.
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The aim of current study was to investigate the relationship between strength and linear or non-linear sprint performance variables in U19 male field hockey players during the midseason time. Twenty eight players from Sharkia Hockey Club participated in current study with anthropometric data of mean±SD (age=17.57±1.23 years, height=1.71±0.05 meter, body weight=66.05±5.93 kg and body mass index=22.61±1.78 kg/m2). Participants were measured for lower limb strength (vertical height jump, power and standing long jump), liner sprint (sprint over 30meters with different short distance included) and non-linear sprint performance (L running and zigzag measures). The relationships between physical fitness qualities were assessed by Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. There were a moderate relationship between VJ height and sprint 20m and 30m performances, (r=0.66 and 0.63), respectively. Likewise, similar moderate relationships observed between power and sprint 20m and 30m performances (r=0.62 and 0.61), respectively. In addition, no significant relationships observed with other sprint distances or change of direction measures when correlated to other variables of VJ and power results. The study concluded that, the knowledge of relationships between strength and cyclic or acyclic sprint performances at various distances would allow coaches to structure the field hockey training drills.
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Papla, Monika, Agata Latocha, Wojciech Grzyb, and Artur Golas. "Relationship between lower limb power output, sprint and change of direction performance in soccer players." Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity 14, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): Article3. http://dx.doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.14.3.03.
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Introduction: Although soccer matches require players to perform repetitive power-related abilities, the impact of lower-body strength and power asymmetry on sprint and change of direction (COD) performance receives little attention. Therefore, this study aimed to establish the relationship between lower limb power, sprint, and change of direction (COD) performance. In addition, the relationship between lower limb power asymmetry and the above mentioned running tests was determined. Material and Methods: Twenty-four male soccer players from First Polish League (age = 24.8 ±8.2 years, body mass = 77.4 ±16.9kg, body height=179.5 ±14.5cm, soccer training experience = 10 ± 1.5years) took part in the study. To examine the relationship between linear sprint, lower limb muscle power, and COD performance (time and deficit), the following tests were performed: 5-and 20-m linear sprint, leg press exercise, and two 20-m COD sprints (“COD90” and “L” test). Result: Pearson correlation coefficients didn’t show any statistically significant relationship between lower limb power and linear sprint speed as well as COD performance. The results indicate that the considered variables are independent physical characteristics. Conclusion: Relative lower limb-power output and low level of mean inter-limb asymmetry in power output does not affect 5- and 20-m linear sprint time and COD performance with 90° turn.
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Eryılmaz, Selcen Korkmaz, Zübeyde Aslankeser, Çiğdem Özdemir, Kerem Özgünen, and Sadi Kurdak. "EFFECTS OF TRAINING LOAD CHANGES ON PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE AND EXERCISE-INDUCED MUSCLE DAMAGE." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 25, no. 6 (December 2019): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220192506189248.
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ABSTRACT Introduction There is no previous study examining muscle damage responses from training load changes in individuals trained exclusively with repeated sprint exercise. Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of training load changes on physical performance and exercise-induced muscle damage in male college athletes who were trained using a 30m repeated sprint protocol. Methods Twelve participants completed the 6-week training period (three sessions/week), which consisted of progressively increasing intensity training in the first 5 weeks. On the first day of the training period, all sprints were performed at 70–80% of maximum effort. In the first session of the 5th week (Maximal intensity training; MIT), all sprints (10×30m sprints) were performed at maximal speed. The sets (10 sprints at maximal speed in each set) were repeated until exhaustion (Exhaustive training; ET) in the first training session of the 6th week, followed by two sessions of the normal training. Isometric strength, 30m sprint performance, flexibility, serum creatine kinase (CK) and cortisol were measured periodically during the examination period. Results Isometric strength, 30m sprint performance, and flexibility were significantly decreased following the ET, and did not recover during the following 9-day period, which consisted of two training sessions and 6 days of recovery. Cortisol was significantly elevated immediately after the ET but was not changed after training on first day and during MIT. CK was significantly elevated after training every week, but the increase at 24 hours after ET was significantly higher than after the first day and MIT. Conclusions Dramatically increasing the volume of maximal intensity repeated sprint exercise results in greater relative muscle damage even in trained individuals, which will significantly limit their performance. Further training sessions, even at normal intensity and volume with insufficient time for muscle recovery, may prolong the duration of fatigue. Level of evidence II; Diagnostic Studies - Investigating a diagnostic test.
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Pareja-Blanco, Fernando, Lucas A. Pereira, Valter P. Reis, Victor Fernandes, Ademir F. S. Arruda, Aristide Guerriero, Pedro E. Alcaraz, Tomás T. Freitas, and Irineu Loturco. "Impact of Sled Loads on Performance and Kinematics of Elite Sprinters and Rugby Players." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 17, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 465–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2020-0867.
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Purpose: To examine the changes in resisted sprint performance and kinematics provoked by different sled loads in elite sprinters and rugby players. Methods: Eight elite male sprinters and 10 rugby union players performed 20-m sprints under 3 loading conditions (0%, 20%, and 60% body mass [BM]). Sprint time was measured in 0 to 5, 5 to 10, and 10 to 20 m, while stride length and hip, knee, and ankle angles were measured using an 8-sensor motion analysis system at the same distances. Results: Sprinters were significantly faster than rugby players in unresisted and resisted sprints using 20% BM (effect size, “ES” [90% confidence limit, CL] range: 0.65 [0.03 to 1.27]; 3.95 [3.10 to 4.81]), but these differences were not significant at 60% BM. Compared to rugby players, sprinters showed lower velocity decrement in resisted sprints using 20% BM (ES [90% CL] range: 0.75 [0.06 to 1.44]; 2.43 [0.83 to 4.02], but higher velocity decrement using 60% BM (ES [90% CL] range: 1.13 [0.43 to 1.82]; 1.46 [0.81 to 2.11]). No significant differences were detected in stride length between sprinters and rugby players for any sprint condition (ES [90% CL] range: 0.02 [−0.72 to 0.76]; 0.84 [0.13 to 1.54]). Rugby players showed higher hip flexion in resisted sprints (ES [90% CL] range: 0.30 [−0.54 to 1.14]; 1.17 [0.20 to 2.15]) and lower plantar flexion in both unresisted and resisted sprints (ES [90% CL] range: 0.78 [0.18 to 1.38]; 1.69 [1.00 to 2.38] than sprinters. Conclusions: The alterations induced by resisted sprints in sprint velocity and running technique differed between sprinters and rugby players. Some caution should be taken with general sled loads prescriptions, especially when relative loads are based on distinct percentages of BM, as training responses vary among sports and individuals.
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Pearcey, Gregory E. P., David J. Bradbury-Squires, Michael Monks, Devin Philpott, Kevin E. Power, and Duane C. Button. "Arm-cycling sprints induce neuromuscular fatigue of the elbow flexors and alter corticospinal excitability of the biceps brachii." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 41, no. 2 (February 2016): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2015-0438.
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We examined the effects of arm-cycling sprints on maximal voluntary elbow flexion and corticospinal excitability of the biceps brachii. Recreationally trained athletes performed ten 10-s arm-cycling sprints interspersed with 150 s of rest in 2 separate experiments. In experiment A (n = 12), maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force of the elbow flexors was measured at pre-sprint 1, post-sprint 5, and post-sprint 10. Participants received electrical motor point stimulation during and following the elbow flexor MVCs to estimate voluntary activation (VA). In experiment B (n = 7 participants from experiment A), supraspinal and spinal excitability of the biceps brachii were measured via transcranial magnetic and transmastoid electrical stimulation that produced motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and cervicomedullary motor evoked potentials (CMEPs), respectively, during a 5% isometric MVC at pre-sprint 1, post-sprint 1, post-sprint 5, and post-sprint 10. In experiment A, mean power output, MVC force, potentiated twitch force, and VA decreased 13.1% (p < 0.001), 8.7% (p = 0.036), 27.6% (p = 0.003), and 5.6% (p = 0.037), respectively, from pre-sprint 1 to post-sprint 10. In experiment B, (i) MEPs decreased 42.1% (p = 0.002) from pre-sprint 1 to post-sprint 5 and increased 40.1% (p = 0.038) from post-sprint 5 to post-sprint 10 and (ii) CMEPs increased 28.5% (p = 0.045) from post-sprint 1 to post-sprint 10. Overall, arm-cycling sprints caused neuromuscular fatigue of the elbow flexors, which corresponded with decreased supraspinal and increased spinal excitability of the biceps brachii. The different post-sprint effects on supraspinal and spinal excitability may illustrate an inhibitory effect on supraspinal drive that reduces motor output and, therefore, decreases arm-cycling sprint performance.
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Martin, James C., Christopher J. Davidson, and Eric R. Pardyjak. "Understanding Sprint-Cycling Performance: The Integration of Muscle Power, Resistance, and Modeling." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 2, no. 1 (March 2007): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2.1.5.
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Sprint-cycling performance is paramount to competitive success in over half the world-championship and Olympic races in the sport of cycling. This review examines the current knowledge behind the interaction of propulsive and resistive forces that determine sprint performance. Because of recent innovation in field power-measuring devices, actual data from both elite track- and road-cycling sprint performances provide additional insight into key performance determinants and allow for the construction of complex models of sprint-cycling performance suitable for forward integration. Modeling of various strategic scenarios using a variety of field and laboratory data can highlight the relative value for certain tactically driven choices during competition.
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Petrakos, George, Jean-Benoit Morin, and Brendan Egan. "Resisted Sled Sprint Training to Improve Sprint Performance: A Systematic Review." Sports Medicine 46, no. 3 (November 9, 2015): 381–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0422-8.
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Hayes, Mark, Paul C. Castle, Emma Z. Ross, and Neil S. Maxwell. "The Influence of Hot Humid and Hot Dry Environments on Intermittent-Sprint Exercise Performance." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 9, no. 3 (May 2014): 387–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2012-0247.
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Purpose:To examine the effect of a hot humid (HH) compared with a hot dry (HD) environment, matched for heat stress, on intermittent-sprint performance. In comparison with HD, HH environments compromise evaporative heat loss and decrease exercise tolerance. It was hypothesized that HH would produce greater physiological strain and reduce intermittent-sprint exercise performance compared with HD.Method:Eleven male team-sport players completed the cycling intermittent-sprint protocol (CISP) in 3 conditions, temperate (TEMP; 21.2°C ± 1.3°C, 48.6% ± 8.4% relative humidity [rh]), HH (33.7°C ± 0.5°C, 78.2% ± 2.3% rh), and HD (40.2°C ± 0.2°C, 33.1% ± 4.9% rh), with both heat conditions matched for heat stress.Results:All participants completed the CISP in TEMP, but 3 failed to completed the full protocol of 20 sprints in HH and HD. Peak power output declined in all conditions (P < .05) but was not different between any condition (sprints 1–14 [N = 11]: HH 1073 ± 150 W, HD 1104 ± 127 W, TEMP, 1074 ± 134; sprints 15–20 [N = 8]: HH 954 ± 114 W, HD 997 ± 115 W, TEMP 993 ± 94; P > .05). Physiological strain was not significantly different in HH compared with HD, but HH was higher than TEMP (P < .05).Conclusion:Intermittent-sprint exercise performance of 40 min duration is impaired, but it is not different in HH and HD environments matched for heat stress despite evidence of a trend toward greater physiological strain in an HH environment.