Relevant bibliographies by topics / Spruce Bark Beetle outbreak

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Academic literature on the topic 'Spruce Bark Beetle outbreak'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Spruce Bark Beetle outbreak"

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Lukášová, K., J. Holuša, and Š. Grucmanová. "Reproductive performance and natural antagonists of univoltine population of Ips typographus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) at epidemic level: a study from Šumava Mountains, Central Europe." Beskydy 5, no. 2 (2012): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/beskyd201205020153.

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Population ofI. typographuswas studied in one locality with small-scale and short-term outbreak distant from large-scale and long-term outbreak area by several hundred meters. In total, ten spruce trees infested by the spruce bark beetle were examined. Always four stripes of bark (sample area) with the length equal to half the circumference of the trunk and the width of approximately 0.5 m were analyzed. The local spruce bark beetle population was characterized by high population density (1.5±1.2 entry holes per dm2), low number of eggs per female, and short maternal galleries. Relatively low reproductive success (0.8 female offspring per one mother beetle, percentage of surviving individuals varies between 1and 18 % was documented. The parasitism rate of living developmental stages of spruce bark beetle by larval parasitoids averaged 14 %. The level of infestation by pathogens and endoparasitoids in maternal beetles from their galleries was low. Highly likely, it is a result of short-term outbreak during which response of parasitoids was delayed in time.
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Mezei, Pavel, Mária Potterf, Jaroslav Škvarenina, Jakob Gulddahl Rasmussen, and Rastislav Jakuš. "Potential Solar Radiation as a Driver for Bark Beetle Infestation on a Landscape Scale." Forests 10, no. 7 (July 23, 2019): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10070604.

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In recent decades, Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) forests of the High Tatra Mountains have suffered unprecedented tree mortality caused by European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus L.). Analysis of the spatiotemporal pattern of bark beetle outbreaks across the landscape in consecutive years can provide new insights into the population dynamics of tree-killing insects. A bark beetle outbreak occurred in the High Tatra Mountains after a storm damaged more than 10,000 ha of forests in 2004. We combined yearly Landsat-derived bark beetle infestation spots from 2006 to 2014 and meteorological data to identify the susceptibility of forest stands to beetle infestation. We found that digital elevation model (DEM)-derived potential radiation loads predicted beetle infestation, especially in the peak phase of beetle epidemic. Moreover, spots attacked at the beginning of our study period had higher values of received solar radiation than spots at the end of the study period, indicating that bark beetles prefer sites with higher insolation during outbreak. We conclude that solar radiation, easily determined from the DEM, better identified beetle infestations than commonly used meteorological variables. We recommend including potential solar radiation in beetle infestation prediction models.
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Lynch, Ann M., Nurjan S. Mukhamadiev, Christopher D. O’Connor, Irina P. Panyushkina, Nursagim A. Ashikbaev, and Abay O. Sagitov. "Tree-ring Reconstruction of Bark Beetle Disturbances in the Picea schrenkiana Fisch. et Mey. Forests of Southeast Kazakhstan." Forests 10, no. 10 (October 17, 2019): 912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10100912.

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Ips hauseri Reitter is the most important bark beetle on Picea schrenkiana in southeast Kazakhstan, but its biology, ecology, and outbreak dynamics are poorly known. We dendrochronologically reconstructed a 200-year history of disturbances in the Kazakh Tien Shan P. schrenkiana forests. Only localized, low-severity bark beetle events occurred during the reconstructed period, indicating that extensive high-severity bark beetle outbreaks have not occurred historically in the Tien Shan spruce forest, unlike bark beetle outbreaks in spruce forests in North America, Europe, and Russia. Disturbance frequency doubled after about 1965, probably due to warming climate. Results, combined with the failure of an outbreak to fully develop after blowdown events associated with hurricane-force windstorms in 2011, indicate that prolonged drought may be necessary to sustain I. hauseri outbreaks, or that year-to-year variation in the Tien Shan weather prevents outbreak development. I. hauseri is probably less aggressive than I. typographus, at least on their natural hosts within their natural ranges.
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Jonášová, Magda, and Ivona Matějková. "Natural regeneration and vegetation changes in wet spruce forests after natural and artificial disturbances." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, no. 10 (October 2007): 1907–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-062.

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An extensive area of Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) forests in the Šumava Mountains, Central Europe, has been affected by a massive bark beetle ( Ips typographus L.) outbreak since the mid-1990s. One part of the area was left without intervention and two types of intervention have been applied in other parts: (1) the classical forest approach, based on the logging of attacked trees and (2) “sanitation”, in which attacked trees were cut down, debarked, and left lying in the stand. The main goal of our research was to test the impact of nonintervention and both types of intervention on the regeneration of the Norway spruce forests. The Norway spruce forests influenced by natural disturbances (bark beetle outbreak and windfalls) regenerated very well if left without intervention. The bark beetle outbreaks and windfalls do not represent a threat to the long-term persistence of the forests. Clearcuts resulted in formation of pioneer stages with a postponed spruce regeneration. In sanitation plots, the reduction of both previous vegetation and tree regeneration was obvious. Generally, both interventions against bark beetle delayed the recovery of Norway spruce forests.
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Eisenhart, Karen S., and Thomas T. Veblen. "Dendroecological detection of spruce bark beetle outbreaks in northwestern Colorado." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30, no. 11 (November 1, 2000): 1788–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x00-104.

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Episodic outbreaks of Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby), the spruce bark beetle, have greatly influenced the structure of subalpine forests in northern Colorado. During the 1940s, much of the subalpine zone of northwestern Colorado was severely affected by beetle outbreak; also, tree-ring and photographic evidence suggest that large-scale outbreaks occurred in the 19th century. The present study focused on tree-ring methods to examine the regional extent and synchrony of pre-20th-century beetle outbreaks in northwestern Colorado. Results from examination of both live and dead Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) tree rings in nine stands were compared with results of previous tree-ring studies in the same region. Evidence of past canopy disturbance included episodes of tree mortality in conjunction with sustained increases in radial growth rates. We identified regional outbreaks of spruce beetle by synchronous and sustained growth release in trees from disjunct stands. These new tree-ring records, along with previously published records, indicate that severe and widespread canopy disturbances, probably spruce beetle outbreaks, affected northwestern Colorado in 1716-1750, 1827-1845, 1860-1870, and 1940-1960. These results support earlier findings that large-scale outbreaks of spruce beetle have long been an important component of the dynamics of subalpine forests in Colorado.
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Grodzki, Wojciech, Jerzy R. Starzyk, and Mieczysław Kosibowicz. "Impact of selected stand characteristics on the occurrence of the bark beetle Ips typographus (L.) in the Beskid Żywiecki Mountains." Forest Research Papers 75, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/frp-2014-0015.

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Abstract Recently, Norway spruce stands in Beskid Żywiecki (Western Carpathians) have been plagued by bark beetle outbreak affecting an extensive area over a large range of altitudes. Georeferenced data (2356 records) from 2009-2011 of the volume of felled spruces showing insect infestation in forest sub-compartments were analysed with respect to selected site and stand characteristics. The infestation intensity varied between individual parts of the examined area. Spruce mortality, recorded evenly across all slope expositions, was higher in the zones 800 m - 1000 m and above 1000 m than in the zone below 800 m. The infestation intensity increased slightly with spruce representation in the stands and was higher in stands older than 80 years. There was no clear correlation between spruce mortality and site quality. However, in areas with more diverse and fertile sites mortality was lower. In overall, the results obtained in this study are in line with previous knowledge on the subject, but patterns describing bark beetle preferences in infested areas appear to be less pronounced than those found in earlier publications. Risk assessment and current planning of forest protection measures in stands affected by bark beetle outbreaks should be based on the here described characteristics of spruce susceptibility to insect infection.
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Vakula, Jozef, Milan Zúbrik, Juraj Galko, Andrej Gubka, Andrej Kunca, Christo Nikolov, and Michal Bošeľa. "Influence of selected factors on bark beetle outbreak dynamics in the Western Carpathians." Forestry Journal 61, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/forj-2015-0023.

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Abstract In the period from 1992 to 2013, more than 3.8 million m3 of spruce wood from an area of 55 thousand ha of forests in the Kysuce region (Western Carpathians) was affected by bark beetles. This region has had the highest volume of salvage fellings in Slovakia. While before 1991, bark-beetle outbreak usually occurred after snow and wind disturbances, since 1992 they have occurred in the years with extremely warm and dry growing seasons and the years following them. These years were also characterised by high volumes of wood affected by honey fungus (Armillaria spp.), which only rarely took part in the calamities before 1992. Extreme deterioration of the situation occurred after 2003. In fragmented and sparse stands, the volume of wood damaged by wind increased. Artificial origin of spruce stands, their high occurrence, high age and even-agedness are likely pre-disposing factors of spruce forest decline. Bark beetles have become the most important factor of spruce decline. The most important factors driving the bark beetle attack on forest stands in the period 1973–2013 were the amount of unprocessed wood in the previous year; the amount of wood affected by honey fungus, precipitation total, and average temperature in the current growing season. Another important factor that complicated the situation was also the inferior quality of forest management.
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Hilszczański, Jacek, and Jerzy R. Starzyk. "Is it possible and necessary to control European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus (L.) outbreak in the Białowieża Forest?" Forest Research Papers 78, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/frp-2017-0009.

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Abstract In response to the information published in ‘Forest Research Papers’ (vol. 77(4), 2016), regarding the problem of the European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus (L.) in the Białowieża Forest, we present our viewpoint on this issue. The role of the European spruce bark beetle in the Białowieża Forest is discussed based on the experience gained in Europe’s forests. We present the effects of I. typographus outbreaks on forest biodiversity as well as outbreak mitigation in the context of the processes taking place in semi-natural forests.
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Grodzki, W. "Spatio-temporal patterns of the Norway spruce decline in the Beskid Śląski and Żywiecki (Western Carpathians) in southern Poland." Journal of Forest Science 53, Special Issue (April 2, 2008): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2155-jfs.

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A dramatic forest decline due to the bark beetle outbreak, which occurs in the Norway spruce stands in the Western Beskidy (southern Poland) since 2003, was started after severe physiological drought during winter time. An analysis describing some spatio-temporal characteristics of this process, with special regard to the patterns of bark beetle occurrence related to root fungal diseases, is presented. In 2003 the bark beetle occurrence level assessed as high and catastrophic was recorded on 40% of the area, while in 2006 – on 59%. The range of <I>Armillaria</I> root disease and bark beetle outbreak increased towards higher altitudes, including the zone above 1,000 m a.s.l. The wind damage in 2004 and 2007, and high temperatures in the summer 2006, further stimulated the increase in bark beetle populations level. Some conclusions on possible development of the outbreak and recommendations concerning related needs in forest protection, are given.
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Bryk, Maja, Beata Kołodziej, and Radosław Pliszka. "Changes of Norway Spruce Health in the Białowieża Forest (CE Europe) in 2013–2019 during a Bark Beetle Infestation, Studied with Landsat Imagery." Forests 12, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12010034.

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Among the largest disturbances affecting the health of spruce forests is the large-scale appearance of bark beetles. Knowledge on the spatial distribution of infected-spruce areas is vital for effective and sustainable forest management. Medium-spatial-resolution (20–30 m) satellite images are well-suited for spruce forest disturbance monitoring at a landscape and regional scale following bark beetle outbreaks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the health of a Norway spruce stand after a bark beetle outbreak based on Landsat 8 images and thematic and vector data, supplemented with selected climate variables. This research was conducted for a spruce stand in the Białowieża Forest District in 2013, 2015, 2017, and 2019. We hypothesised that the changes in spruce health would significantly influence the NDVI distributions during the studied years. Our research revealed that the weather conditions in the period of May–September were beneficial for beetle development and detrimental for the spruce stand, particularly in 2015, 2018, and 2019. SWIR-NIR-G and NDVI images showed a gradual deterioration in spruce health. The quantitative NDVI distributions varied; the minimum, mean, and median decreased; and the distribution shape of the index values changed over the studied years. An analysis of the spatial NDVI distributions revealed that the threshold NDVI value separating spruce stand areas in good and poor health was ca. 0.6. This study confirmed the applicability of NDVI for monitoring alterations in spruce stands, and indicated that spatial NDVI distributions can provide valuable support in forest monitoring at a landscape scale, since medium-resolution, ready-to-use NDVI images are easily available from the Landsat archives, facilitating the routine assessment of stand health.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spruce Bark Beetle outbreak"

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Hammarlund, Per Emil. "Detecting Spruce Bark Beetle Infestations with Satellite Imagery." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-281283.

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Sveaskog is Swedens largest forest owner, owning 14 percent of the Swedish forest lands. Recently, due to warmer and drier summers as a consequence of climate change, spruce bark beetles have caused damages at a massive scale. In 2019 Sogeti developed a promising first product for monitoring the vitality of large areas through the use of Sentinel-2 data by comparing images from the same month between two years, and the results from this first product where promising. To take the detection of bark beetle infestations to the next stage of development, supervised learning was used. Models where trained with a time-series of Sentinel-2 data in conjunction with national landcover data, ground level humidity data, and height data to predict segmentations that represented infestations. Target segmentations where created by clustering GPS points and tresholding a rasterized representation of the generated clusters. In total four different model architectures where tested (LSTM, GRU, 3D convolutional, and logistic regression) and then evaluated both quantitatively and qualitatively on a test set. It was found that the GRU based model was best able to identify bark beetle infestations.
Sveaskog är Sveriges största skogsägare, med en total landareal på 14 procent av den svenska skogsmarken. Nyligen, p.g.a. varmare och torrare somrar som en konsekvens av klimatförändringar har granbarkborren orsakat skada till skogen på en enorm skala. År 2019 utvecklade Sogeti ett lovande första resultat för övervakning av skogen på stor skala genom att jämföra vitaliteten i skogen från Sentinel-2 data i samma månad mellan två år. Resultaten från denna första produkt var lovande. För att kunna vidareutveckla produkten till nästa steg användes övervakad inlärning. Modeller tränades på en tidserie av Sentinel-2 data i kombination med nationella marktäckedata, markfuktighetsdata, och höjddata för att kunna prediktera segmenteringar som representerar skog som har angripits av granbarkborre. Målsegementeringarna som modellerna tränades mot skapades genom att klustra skördardata och den rastroiserade representationen av de generarade klustrarna filtrerades. Totalt tränades fyra olika modeller (LSTM, GRU, 3D faltning, och logistisk regression), som sedan evaluerades på ett sista test set både kvantitativt och kvalitativt. Från detta drogs slutsatsen att den GRU baserade modellen var bäst på att identifiera skog som har angripits av granbarkborre.
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Somor, Andrew. "Quantifying streamflow change following bark beetle outbreak in multiple central Colorado catchments." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193435.

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Over the last decade, millions of acres of western North American forest have been reduced to areas of standing dead trees following eruptions in bark beetle populations. This thesis provides up-to-date information on streamflow response to the recent bark beetle outbreak in subalpine forests of the Colorado Rockies. Streamflow and climate measures are evaluated in eight central Colorado catchments with long-term data records and varying levels of beetle outbreak. No detectable streamflow change is observed in 7 of 8 highly impacted catchments. A significant reduction in streamflow is observed in 1 highly impacted catchment and is likely driven by tree mortality and record warm temperatures. These findings deviate from expected results and have important implications for vegetation and streamflow change under a warmer climate.
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Banner, Allen Vernon. "Detection of bark beetle-attacked spruce using computer-based image analysis." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25846.

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The spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby) is the most destructive forest pest affecting mature spruce stands in British Columbia. A variety of responses to curtail the spread of bark beetle infestations exist. The responses, however, depend upon early detection of the infestations to minimize the cost of treatment and reduce losses of timber. It has been demonstrated that bark beetle-attacked spruce can be detected using visual interpretation of large scale colour infrared film (Churcher 1984; Churcher and McLean 1984; Murtha 1985; Murtha and Cozens 1985). These studies indicate that it is possible to distinguish attacked spruce, to some degree, by their visual colour in the photographs. The image intensities associated with trees in the photographs are profoundly influenced by factors such as the viewer's position and shape of the tree as well as the "colour" of the tree. This thesis develops a computer-based image analysis technique-projected intensity triplet space-which can be used to interpret the attack condition of a tree regardless of shading effects due to its position in the photograph or its shape. The procedure is used to classify trees in a test photo according to three beetle attack categories-unattacked, current attack and old attack. The interpretation accuracy for trees which were unattacked, fully current attacked and old attacked was high (84, 68 and 89 percent respectively). The percentages of trees from the 1983 strip attacked and 1983 pitched-out ground data classes interpreted by the computer to be attacked were very low (22 and 6 percent). The poor results for the strip attacked and pitched-out trees were attributed to the lack of evident colour differences from unattacked trees in the photographs. In cases where there were visually evident colour differences, however, the technique was able to classify the attack status reliably.
Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate
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Hedgren, Per Olof. "Dead wood retention and the risk of bark beetle attack /." Uppsala : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2002. http://diss-epsilon.slu.se/archive/00000188/.

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Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2002.
Thesis statement in Swedish and English abstract inserted. Appendix reprints four papers and manuscripts, three co-authored with others. Includes bibliographical references. Also issued electronically via World Wide Web in PDF format; online version lacks appendix.
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Cederquist, Isac. "Bioinspired smell sensor to trace pheromone released by the European spruce bark beetle." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-173063.

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Forests have as a of late become increasingly plagued with bark beetle infestations as a result of climate change. The damage caused by tree killing bark beetles has within recent years seen a substantial increase. Detecting and removing infested trees at an early stage is an essential part of mitigating the spread of and the damage caused by the beetle. Today, the most common way of early detection is visual detection by forestry personnel. However, this is time consuming with highly variable results. In this thesis a novel approach to tracing the European spruce bark beetle through pheromone detection is investigated. With this approach, the antennae of the beetle were paired with an epitaxial graphene chip in order to create a bioinspired smell sensor. Tests were conducted on the sensor in order to investigate how the resistance changed over the chip as a result of the sensor being exposed to the pheromone 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol. As a result of the tests, a corelation between exposing the sensor to pheromone and an increase of the resistance over the graphene chip was noted. However, more tests need to be conducted in order to draw any definite conclusions about the efficacy of the sensor in its current form. Additionally there are opportunities to investigate further optimization alternatives regarding the design of the sensor.
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Pettit, Jessika M. "Engelmann Spruce Survival and Regeneration After an Epidemic Spruce Beetle Outbreak on the Markagunt Plateau in Southern Utah." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7199.

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Bark beetle outbreaks are becoming more intense and severe when coupled with the effects of climate change. Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) is one such species facing large-scale, epidemic spruce beetle outbreaks. Large-scale disturbances, such as beetle outbreaks, have major consequences for the future success of the ecosystem, thus highlighting the importance of understanding what promotes amplified outbreaks as well as their effects on future seedling establishment. Our research focused on two parts of a large-scale beetle outbreak: the mortality of spruce trees and the subsequent regeneration of seedlings. Our first study examined the timing of spruce mortality during an outbreak in order to identify the extent to which drought promotes host species mortality. Trees that are drought stressed have less resources to defend themselves against beetle attacks, however, the warmer temperatures associated with droughts also promote a more rapid population expansion of spruce beetles. We were specifically interested in determining the contribution that host drought stress plays during an epidemic outbreak. Our second study analyzed the patterns of regenerating seedlings with an aim to identify changes associated with the outbreak. Specifically, we were interested in how an epidemic outbreak changes the drivers of seedling establishment.
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Eriksson, Gustav. "Granbarkborre (Ips typographus) och Skyddad skog : Orsakar skyddad natur granbarkborreangrepp i produktionsskog?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-187280.

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The aim of this report was to investigate whether the management of protected forests cause increased risk of infestation by the European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) in production forests, and whether the risk of infestation in production forests is greater in the vicinity of protected forests. The survey was conducted by using GIS-data covering suspected attacks and forests that are susceptible to infestations. The proportion of infested forests in three different buffer zones located around the protected areas were compared. The results show no evidence suggesting that protected areas serve as a hatchery for spruce bark beetles and no increased risk of infestations in the vicinity of protected forests were detected.
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Mietkiewicz, Nathan. "Interactions between bark beetle outbreak and wildland fire in intermountain subalpine forests of the western United States| legacies and future projections under a changing climate." Thesis, Clark University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10143552.

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Over the past 30 years, wildland fire and native bark beetle outbreaks have increased in intensity, severity, and extent across the fire-prone forests of the western United States, raising concerns about whether bark beetle outbreaks increase wildfire severity and/or wildfire occurrence. Furthermore, current estimates predict a two-fold increase in area burned by wildland fires over the next 25 years and bark beetles are forecasted to expand in the coming century, shifting toward higher latitudes and elevations. Thus, it is important to better understand how insect-driven tree mortality may affect fire risk and how these disturbance interactions may affect ecosystem structure and dynamics across biophysical settings under current and future climate scenarios.

In this dissertation, I investigated the relationships between bark beetle outbreaks, wildfire, and climate across the western United States and within subalpine forests of the Southern Rocky Mountains, CO, USA. The main research questions of this dissertation were: (Chapter II) what is the relative importance of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae (Hopkins)) outbreaks versus antecedent climatic variability on the occurrence of large wildfires in the western U.S.? (Chapter III) how do pre-outbreak forest conditions mediate the effects of spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby)) outbreaks on fuels complexes in subalpine forests of Colorado? and (Chapter IV) how do changes in fuels following spruce beetle outbreaks affect expected fire potential under current and future climate conditions?

Chapter II employed a variety of remotely sensed data and GIS products of fire occurrence, mountain pine beetle outbreaks, physiographic gradients, and climatic condition to test whether prior-disturbance or antecedent climate conditions influenced subsequent wildfire events. Extensive field surveys of stand attributes and fuel arrangements across a chronosequence of spruce beetle outbreaks in the 20th and 21st century were employed to address research questions of Chapter III. Results from Chapter III were used as base inputs for custom fire behavior models in Chapter IV, to test the sensitivity of potential fire behavior across a variety of wind speeds, weather, and climate scenarios.

Despite widespread concern that mountain pine beetle outbreaks lead to unprecedented increases in wildfire activity, results from Chapter II demonstrated minimal effects of these pre-fire disturbances on subsequent fire occurrence. Instead, occurrence of large wildfires across the western US has been driven by extreme weather (e.g., hot, dry conditions). Chapter III revealed that the changes to fuels following spruce beetle outbreaks are strongly contingent on pre-outbreak stand structure and disturbance history. For instance, we found that spruce beetle outbreaks reduce canopy fuels in all stands, yet this effect is relatively minor in old spruce-fir stands as compared to young spruce-fir stands. Spruce beetle outbreaks during the 20th and 21st century decreased canopy fuels and increased their heterogeneity, regardless of pre-outbreak conditions. Surface fuel loads were more variable with increased time since spruce beetle outbreak and did not return to pre-outbreak conditions over the 75-year period considered in this study in both young and old stands. Chapter IV concluded that under all weather and climate scenarios, stands affected by spruce beetle had the lowest potential for increased surface fireline intensities, rates of spread, and active crowning among both young and old stands as compared to endemic stands (i.e., non-outbreak). Chapter IV used future climate projections (2016-2100) of RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 as proxies for moderate and severe climate change and concluded that moderate climate change will not substantially increase the most important types of fire behavior among young or old stands, nor stands affected by spruce beetle outbreak as compared to current climate (1985-2015). However, under severe climate change projections (RCP 8.5) all characteristics of fire behavior will increase, regardless of stand age, spruce beetle outbreak, and wind and weather scenarios. This research provides much needed insight into the disturbance dynamics in fire-prone forests and informs forest management and policy concerns under a changing climate. Overall, this research highlights the 1) dominant effect of climate, rather than outbreaks, has on fire regimes across the western United States and 2) the importance of accounting for pre-disturbance stand structure and disturbance histories on subsequent disturbance patterns and severities.

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Blomquist, Johan. "Minskad årsringsbredd hos gran (Picea abies) : - en vitalitetsförlust efterföljande en torkperiod." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96650.

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Effekten av torka på gran kan var stor. Sommaren 2018 var en av de torraste och varmaste somrarna på länge. En sådan period påverkar ofta granars vitalitet negativt och kan leda till en ökad risk för angrepp av granbarkborre. Denna studie har undersökt hur årsringsbredden på gran har förändrats till följd av torka genom att jämföra årsringsbredder före torkperioden med de efter. Mätningar genomfördes med en resistograf som genererade datafiler som sedan sammanställdes och analyserades, främst med hjälp av Excel. Vidare noterades markfuktighet, bonitet och angrepp av granbarkborre. Dessa faktorer jämfördes med varandra med syfte att finna eventuella samband. Studiens resultat visar att torkperioden 2018 haft en stor inverkan på granars vitalitet. Dessutom har samband mellan torrare bestånd och antal granar angripna av granbarkborre kunnat påvisas. Samband mellan minskad årsringsbredd och angrepp av granbarkborre har ej kunnat fastställas.
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Bisrat, Simon A. "Modeling Bark Beetle Outbreak and Fire Interactions in Western U.S. Forests and the Invasion Potential of an Invasive Puerto Rican Frog in Hawaii Using Remote Sensing Data." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/703.

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I used Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery to answer two ecological questions. In the first project, I investigated the interactions between bark beetle-caused tree mortality and fire occurrence in western U.S. forests. I used remotely sensed fire data detected by MODIS satellite and bark beetle-caused tree mortality data. I tested the hypothesis that there is an increased probability of fire incidence in bark beetle-damaged forests compared to healthy forests using conditional probability modeling across the national forests of the western U.S. regardless of forest type. My results did not show a consistent pattern (increase or decrease of conditional probability of fire occurrence, &#;CP) across all lag time periods considered. However, when &#;CP is averaged across the 5-year study period (2001-2005) fire probability increased at 2-year (16%) and 3-year (9%) lags with 0, 1, 4, and 5-year lags showing no positive effect of bark beetle activity on fire probability. Further, when I analyzed fire-bark beetle-caused tree mortality separately for persistent fires (fires that lasted for at least two 8-day composite periods per season) and transient fires (fires that lasted for only one 8-day composite period per season), the &#;CP increased in all lag periods except the 5-year lag for persistent fires. In the second stage of this project, I used a non-parametric modeling approach to test how important bark beetle-caused tree mortality is in influencing fire occurrence relative to other climate and topography-derived variables in spruce-fir, Douglas-fir, lodgepole, and ponderosa pine forests. My results showed that climate and topography-derived predictors were consistently selected as important predictors of fire occurrence while bark beetle-caused tree mortality showing the least importance. In the second project, I predicted the invasive potential of a Puerto Rican frog species in Hawaii using the following MODIS products: land surface temperature; normalized difference vegetation index and enhanced vegetation index; and leaf area index/fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by plant canopies. My predicted maps showed that the invasive frog species in Hawaii is likely to expand its current habitat. My results also showed that MODIS-derived biophysical variables are able to characterize the suitable habitats of the invasive frog species.
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Books on the topic "Spruce Bark Beetle outbreak"

1

H, Holsten Edward. The spruce beetle. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, 1991.

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Holsten, Edward H. The spruce beetle. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, 1991.

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Stewart, Alan James. Spruce beetle management: A synthesis. Burnaby, B.C: Center for Pest Management, Simon Fraser University, 1985.

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Safranyik, L. A conceptual model of spruce beetle population dynamics. Victoria, B.C: Forestry Canada, Pacific and Yukon Region, Pacific Forestry Centre, 1990.

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Linton, D. A. The spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby): An annotated bibliography, 1885-1987. Victoria, B.C: Pacific Forestry Centre, 1988.

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Hard, John S. Managing white and Lutz spruce stands in south-central Alaska for increased resistance to spruce beetle. [Portland, Or.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1985.

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Schulz, Bethany. Changes in downed and dead woody material following a spruce beetle outbreak on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2003.

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Safranyik, L. Line intersect sampling for the density and bark area of logging residue susceptible to the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby). Victoria, B.C: Pacific Forestry Centre, 1987.

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9

Werner, Richard A. Response of the engraver beetle, Ips perturbatus, to semiochemicals in white spruce stands of interior Alaska. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1993.

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10

Historical patterns of spruce budworm defoliation and bark beetle outbreaks in North American conifer forests: An atlas and description of digital maps. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Spruce Bark Beetle outbreak"

1

Christiansen, Erik, and Alf Bakke. "The Spruce Bark Beetle of Eurasia." In Dynamics of Forest Insect Populations, 479–503. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0789-9_23.

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Dunford, James C., Louis A. Somma, David Serrano, C. Roxanne Rutledge, John L. Capinera, Guy Smagghe, Eli Shaaya, et al. "Eurasian Spruce Bark Beetle, Ips typographus Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae)." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 1363–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_3684.

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Kelly, D. R., and M. Barghian. "A Note on Kairomones of the Great European Spruce Bark Beetle Dendoroctonus Micans." In Chromatography and Isolation of Insect Hormones and Pheromones, 329–33. New York, NY: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8062-7_32.

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Everaerts, Claude, Jean-Claude Grégoire, and Joël Merlin. "The Toxicity of Norway Spruce Monoterpenes to Two Bark Beetle Species and Their Associates." In Mechanisms of Woody Plant Defenses Against Insects, 335–44. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3828-7_23.

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Lange, Holger, Bjørn Økland, and Paal Krokene. "To be or twice to be? The life cycle development of the spruce bark beetle under climate change." In Unifying Themes in Complex Systems, 251–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85081-6_32.

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Huber, Christian, Manuela Baumgarten, Axel Göttlein, and Verena Rotter. "Nitrogen Turnover and Nitrate Leaching after Bark Beetle Attack in Mountainous Spruce Stands of the Bavarian Forest National Park." In Biogeochemical Investigations of Terrestrial, Freshwater, and Wetland Ecosystems across the Globe, 391–414. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0952-2_27.

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7

Baisier, M., J. C. Grégoire, K. Delinte, and O. Bonnard. "The Role of Spruce Monoterpene Derivatives as Oviposition Stimuli for Rhizophagus grandis, a Predator of the Bark Beetle, Dendroctonus micans." In Mechanisms of Woody Plant Defenses Against Insects, 359–68. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3828-7_25.

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Walker, Marilyn W., and Mary E. Edwards. "Summary and Synthesis: Past and Future Changes in the Alaskan Boreal Forest." In Alaska's Changing Boreal Forest. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195154313.003.0028.

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Historically the boreal forest has experienced major changes, and it remains a highly dynamic biome today. During cold phases of Quaternary climate cycles, forests were virtually absent from Alaska, and since the postglacial re-establishment of forests ca 13,000 years ago, there have been periods of both relative stability and rapid change (Chapter 5). Today, the Alaskan boreal forest appears to be on the brink of further significant change in composition and function triggered by recent changes that include climatic warming (Chapter 4). In this chapter, we summarize the major conclusions from earlier chapters as a basis for anticipating future trends. Alaska warmed rapidly at the end of the last glacial period, ca 15,000–13,000 years ago. Broadly speaking, climate was warmest and driest in the late glacial and early Holocene; subsequently, moisture increased, and the climate gradually cooled. These changes were associated with shifts in vegetation dominance from deciduous woodland and shrubland to white spruce and then to black spruce. The establishment of stands of fire-prone black spruce over large areas of the boreal forest 5000–6000 years ago is linked to an apparent increase in fire frequency, despite the climatic trend to cooler and moister conditions. This suggests that long-term features of the Holocene fire regime are more strongly driven by vegetation characteristics than directly by climate (Chapter 5). White spruce forests show decreased growth in response to recent warming, because warming-induced drought stress is more limiting to growth than is temperature per se (Chapters 5, 11). If these environmental controls persist, projections suggest that continued climate warming will lead to zero net annual growth and perhaps the movement of white spruce to cooler upland forest sites before the end of the twenty-first century. At the southern limit of the Alaskan boreal forest, spruce bark beetle outbreaks have decimated extensive areas of spruce forest, because warmer temperatures have reduced tree resistance to bark beetles and shortened the life cycle of the beetle from two years to one, shifting the tree-beetle interaction in favor of the insect (Chapter 9).
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Conference papers on the topic "Spruce Bark Beetle outbreak"

1

Lynch, Ann M. "Survivor response to high-severity bark beetle outbreaks in a spruce-fir forest in southern Arizona, U.S.A." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.95004.

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Schroeder, Martin. "European spruce bark beetle,Ips typographus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.92734.

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Bisirova, E. M., and S. A. Krivets. "STATE OF DARK CONIFEROUS FORESTS IN THE SPECIALLY PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS OF THE TOMSK OBLAST IN THE INVASION ZONES OF ALIEN SPECIES OF BARK BEETLES." In Prirodopol'zovanie i ohrana prirody: Ohrana pamjatnikov prirody, biologicheskogo i landshaftnogo raznoobrazija Tomskogo Priob'ja i drugih regionov Rossii. Izdatel'stvo Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-954-9-2020-34.

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The state of dark coniferous stands located in specially protected natural territories of the Tomsk Oblast in the invasion zone of four-eyed fir bark beetle Polygraphus proximus Blandford and small spruce bark beetle Ips amitinus Eichhoff is described.
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Orczewska, Anna, Patryk Czortek, Bogdan Jaroszewicz, and Agnieszka Kantor. "Is salvage logging a proper tool for restoration of forest ecosystems affected by bark beetle outbreak?" In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107689.

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Huo, Langning, Eva Lindberg, and Henrik Persson. "Normalized Projected Red & SWIR (NPRS): A New Vegetation Index for Forest Health Estimation and Its Application on Spruce Bark Beetle Attack Detection." In IGARSS 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss39084.2020.9323611.

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Reports on the topic "Spruce Bark Beetle outbreak"

1

Williams, David W., and Richard A. Birdsey. Historical patterns of spruce budworm defoliation and bark beetle outbreaks in North American conifer forests: an atlas and description of digital maps. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-gtr-308.

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Werner, Richard A., and Edward H. Holsten. Use of semiochemicals of secondary bark beetles to disrupt spruce beetle attraction and survival in Alaska. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rp-541.

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Schulz, Bethany. Changes in downed and dead woody material following a spruce beetle outbreak on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rp-559.

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